The topic of the material we presented below was GOST on steel doors, equipped with locking devices, and installed in industrial and civil buildings. The only thing this standard does not apply to is doors, which have special requirements: resistance to aggressive substances, explosion resistance, bulletproofness and fire safety.
The use of all other products, which the video in this article will also talk about, depends on their operating conditions, and is regulated by GOST doors 31173.
Steel doors GOST 31173 2003 are classified according to six main characteristics. First of all, this is, of course, the purpose, as they can be: street, indoor and vestibule. And internal doors can be apartment entrance doors, and used like an ordinary interior door.
The second sign is determined by the design of the door block. Here the difference may be in the box, since it can be closed; is shaped like the letter “P”; or is equipped with a threshold, which is an additional element.
Doors are distinguished by the direction in which they open: outward or inward. It also matters how many sealing contours are located in the vestibule. There are often two of them, but there may be more.
The fourth feature by which steel doors are classified according to GOST 31173 2003 is their front finish.
There are seven options here:
Note! For all types polymer coatings used for decorating doors, the manufacturer must provide a conclusion confirming their sanitary safety.
As for thermal properties, according to GOST, external steel doors are divided into three classes based on heat transfer resistance. The minimum figure should be 0.4 m2*C/W.
Anything less is not subject to classification. The highest class is with a heat transfer resistance of more than 1 m2*C/W. The standard also contains a table that presents the desired indicators of breathability and waterproofness.
Sound insulation for steel doors is no less important. There are also three classes, which are divided according to the level of noise reduction.
Indicators less than 20 decibels are not subject to classification. The third class is the lowest, with indicators up to 25 dB, in the second class up to 31 dB, and the first class – more than 32 dB.
The standard for doors made of metal also presents a table with strength indicators, which are also divided into three classes. There are five in total different characteristics, according to the meaning of which doors are classified into one class or another. It is set based on the worst test result.
This is resistance to static loads acting in the plane of the canvas; perpendicular to the canvas; and in the loop area. The level of resistance to dynamic impact in the direction in which the blade opens, and impact resistance in both directions is also regulated.
Doors are classified according to their security properties as follows:
The information should include: design solution; option for filling the canvas and its front finishing; dimensions; castle class. The passport must be accompanied by a diagram for opening the door or doors, as well as instructions for installation and operation of the product.
Paragraph five of the standard we are discussing outlines a list of requirements that apply to door blocks made of steel. Among general provisions information is given that the canvas is a welded structure, for the manufacture of which steel sheets or bent profiles are used.
Welding is mandatory for connecting parts. Other types of connections are permissible only if their strength characteristics are superior to welded ones - but this, in general, is unlikely. As for the design solutions of the canvases, the standard presents four main options.
The first option is this: the canvas is made on a frame from profiles with a closed hollow section, and two steel sheets are welded to it. In this case, the filling of the canvas is cellular (corrugated cardboard, or hardboard). The second type of metal doors looks like a bent frame mounted on profiles with a U-shaped section. The inside of such canvases is filled with expanded polystyrene.
It should be noted that there are some restrictions on doors in accordance with GOST 31173 2003 - namely, their dimensions and weight. The following indicators should not exceed:
For doors manufactured in excess of the given standards, additional calculations are made, and their compliance with the requirements of the standard is confirmed by the results of individual tests.
So that the door frame can be installed in the opening, parts called mounting lugs are welded to its profile. Other solutions aimed by the manufacturer to ensure the strength of the unit installation are also allowed.
About what they should be maximum dimensions in height and width, as already mentioned above. In general, metal doors, like any other, are made in standard versions.
If this is a single-leaf door, then the most common sizes are: for the entrance door 2.1 * 0.9 m, for interior door 2.0*0.8m. Although, of course, the options may be different. In any case, both the dimensions and the drawings applied to the canvas are necessarily reflected in technical documentation products.
The steel door block is supplied assembled with a locking device. This is mandatory - but components such as a peephole, opening angle limiter, and door closer are installed upon additional agreement with the customer. The product must have a label or marker inscription informing which manufacturer, when, and for what order it was made. The block must also be marked and stamped by the department that carried out the technical control.
In the process of choosing a metal entrance door in the product description, you can find widespread references to the fact that the products are different high quality. Only a knowledgeable and experienced specialist can conduct a detailed analysis of doors. What should ordinary customers do, for whom all entrance doors mostly look the same? We recommend paying close attention to the standardization of manufactured products. IN Russian Federation State standards (GOST) have been developed and approved, indicating technical and other requirements that manufactured products must meet. To confirm compliance, certificates of conformity of an approved type are issued. It is believed that buyers who purchase metal entrance doors are fully protected in terms of purchasing and using the highest quality products. Let's take a closer look at the approved standard.
What standard applies to fire doors?
Choosing high-quality metal fire door you should adhere to the GOST 31173-2003 standard. It touches steel door blocks with locks general view. Standard fire doors are assumed that can be used in residential and industrial premises. At the same time, it is worth knowing that high security doors and performance characteristics(explosion resistance, armor protection, bulletproofness, resistance to numerous aggressive influences environment and so on) do not apply to the above standard.
GOST 31173-2003 describes the features of marking and classification of door blocks. At the same time, recommendations are provided regarding the use of a certain type of steel. The features of the frame, sashes, installation of locks and thermal insulation materials. In addition, recommendations are given regarding the finishing of the sash (external and internal sides).
A characteristic feature of the described standard is the fact that so-called “fire doors” do not directly apply to it. Moreover, there is simply no separate state standard dedicated to doors of this type. Therefore, GOST 31173-2003 applies to them by analogy. Mainly, as stated above, it describes the design of metal doors. In reality the situation looks like this. When manufacturing fireproof metal entrance doors, the manufacturer develops own installations, which are most often referred to as “technical conditions”. They provide performance requirements regarding fire resistance. Such technical conditions (TU) are as close as possible to GOST 31173-2003. In order for manufactured doors to be considered fireproof, the manufacturer must obtain a special so-called fire certificate. It is valid for three years. After the certificate expires, you must obtain it again. The main condition for obtaining such a certificate is testing with a sample of the manufactured door. Tests are carried out in accordance with the recommendations and rules that are enshrined in State Standard“Test methods for fire resistance of doors and gates” (number 53307-2009). During the combustion test, one side of the web is heated to maximum values in a special oven. If the product successfully passes the test, it is assigned a certain fire resistance class, which is recorded in the issued certificate. The higher the class, the more expensive the metal door. Of course, a higher quality and fire-resistant door can be used not only in residential, but also in industrial premises with elevated temperatures.
What determines the fire resistance of a metal door?
There is a fairly widespread opinion, according to which it is believed: the thicker the sheet of metal door leaf, the more resistant it is to elevated temperatures. This is wrong. In fact following features are of decisive importance:
How to choose a quality fire door?
The main purpose of a fire door is to protect against the spread of fire for some time before the arrival of rescuers. Mainly provisions relating to fire safety(including those required for doors of this type) are contained in the technical regulations approved by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 123-FZ dated July 22, 2008.
When choosing a fireproof metal entrance door, you should pay attention not only to the product conformity marking GOST 31173-2003, but also to the presence of an approved fire certificate. As mentioned above, it fixes the fire resistance class.
What is a fire rating? What are they?
Fire resistance class is an indicator that is assigned to a particular product depending on the indicators obtained during the combustion test of a metal entrance door. The main parameter is the period of time during which the door “resisted” the constantly rising temperature and exposure to open flame. The following main fire resistance classes are distinguished:
— Ei 30. The number in the name reflects the number of minutes during which the metal entrance door will be resistant to fire. This is a standard class, which is sufficient for use in residential and industrial premises, as well as public places.
— Ei 60. An increased fire resistance parameter for an hour indicates a sufficient reserve of time during which it is possible not only to wait for rescuers, but also to evacuate people from a burning building.
— Ei 90. Metal doors of this class are recommended for use in places with increased fire hazard. This could be production of the appropriate type, gas stations, workshops, kitchens, warehouses for fuel and lubricants and other facilities. An hour and a half is enough for rescuers to localize and put out the fire.
The manufacture of steel doors is standardized by GOST 31173–2003, which has been in effect since March 1, 2004, and SNiP. These documents apply to steel door blocks equipped with locking devices that are installed in residential and non-residential buildings. But doors are not subject to their effect special purpose with increased requirements in terms of safety or resistance to aggressive environments.
To the entrance metal doors there are a number of requirements
Depending on the location, metal doors are divided into external and internal structures. External metal doors are installed at the entrance to the building, in the vestibule. Internal steel products include entrance doors to housing from the entrance, installed inside buildings.
In part design metal products differ:
There are no restrictions on the choice of finish for metal doors, so the exterior design can be made with the following materials:
Types of metal doors by type of finish
The door design is made with a closed loop (K), a U-shaped frame or with an additional (structurally separate) threshold (P). Steel doors can have a single-leaf (L, R) or double-leaf (D) leaf that opens outward (H) or inward (In) of the room. It is permissible to open both halves or one. Based on the number of sealing circuits, products are divided into single-circuit or multi-circuit.
The design features of metal doors are displayed in the identifier, for example, DSV LPVn 1900-800 MZ. This example is deciphered as follows:
The operational characteristics of the design divide products into classes. The table shows the values by which classification is carried out.
Metal steel doors differ in strength class, which is designated: M1, M2, M3. The strength class is determined based on the results of tests that are carried out to determine resistance to static, dynamic and impact loads.
The design of input blocks is divided into types of design based on burglary resistance:
Locks installed in metal structures doors, must comply with the recommendations of GOST 5089.
The thickness of steel sheets for ordinary metal doors according to GOST cannot be less than 2 mm. Armored products are made from metal sheets with a thickness of 8 mm. Reinforced and protective type products are designated by the letters “U” and “Z”.
The design of the product and its installation must comply with GOST and SNiP. Steel door leaves are made from sheets and rectangular profiles. The use of a bent profile is allowed. Also, the sheets can be connected to each other like a bent box, but GOST recommends connecting the sheets by welding, which is performed in a shielding gas environment. The points where the connection is made by welding must be reflected in the documentation. Profile in corner connections joined by welding or another method. The strength of the joints cannot be lower than welded ones.
The design of a metal door must comply with GOST and SNiP
Insulated metal doors are made of steel sheets with a filling between them, for which it is used mineral wool, fiberboard sheets, wooden blocks, Styrofoam.
Door frames are made from a bent or rectangular profile, respectively having a thickness of at least 1.5 mm and cross-sectional dimensions of 40x50 mm.
The canvas is reinforced inside with profiles located vertically and horizontally. GOST recommends using at least two vertical and horizontal profiles. In the location area door hinges and anti-removal mechanisms, additional horizontal profiles are installed, and in the remaining part it is allowed to place others at an angle between the vertical profiles.
The inner side of the doors can be made not from a solid steel sheet, but from parts connected by welding along profiles. GOST allows replacing internal metal sheets with fiberboard slabs or other materials that have the required strength.
To provide access to locking devices for the purpose of replacing or repairing them, a “window” is mechanically installed on the inside of the door leaf. It is not recommended to fix the locking device by welding due to the possibility of damage high temperature castle details. When installing locks, it is necessary to eliminate the possibility of deforming loads on the locks during operation. This is necessary to prevent the locks from jamming.
To provide sound insulation and reduce heat transfer, sealing gaskets are installed around the entire perimeter of the box. The number of circuits is allowed two or more. Installation is carried out without gaps in the joints of the gaskets, and their fit to the vestibule must be made tight. On external entrance doors, sealing gaskets are selected for resistance to the influence of temperature changes. The depth of placement of the lock bolt in the box socket is 22 mm.
Anti-removal bolts must be installed in the door hinge area. Passive crossbars (pins) are welded or pressed.
Anti-removal bolts fit tightly into the holes on door frame, preventing the door from being removed from its hinges.
GOST extends its requirements to the installation of metal door blocks up to nine square meters. The dimensions of the canvases are no more than 2200 mm in height and 1200 mm in width.
Due to the significant weight and increased requirements for burglary resistance, the installation of a metal door has its own subtleties. After dismantling old door it is necessary to prepare the opening so that the gap between the wall and the frame does not exceed two centimeters. After placing the door block in the opening, they begin leveling, ignoring deviations in the plane of the doors and walls. To fix the position, wedges are used that are driven between the frame and the wall.
Wooden wedges are used to secure the door block in the opening.
After this, they begin to strengthen the structure. The wall is drilled through special holes and a pin is driven in, which must enter the wall no less than 15 cm. When drilling holes, it is necessary to change the inclination for each fixation point, which will complicate the work of possible burglars.
If the structure has a double frame, then every 20-30 cm between the wall and the corner special holes are driven metal wedges, which are selected according to the width of the gap.
The main installation work is completed by sealing the gaps using polyurethane foam.
Considering the complexity of the work, which requires knowledge and special skills, we recommend turning to professionals rather than doing it yourself. Otherwise, even an armored door will not ensure the reliability of your home and the safety of your property.
With all the variety offered on the modern construction market products, there are products that comply with State Standards. For example, metal doors. Manufacturers that respect themselves and the consumer produce products that meet the requirements of established state standards.
The provisions described by GOST 31173-2003 apply to the designs of steel door blocks with locks. The products described by the standard are intended for installation in buildings for various purposes. This regulatory document does not include the design of special-purpose door blocks that meet increased demands for explosion resistance, resistance to bullets, resistance to aggressive environments, as well as fire safety.
This document describes the types of door blocks, classification, and markings. Recommends steel grade and external and internal organization boxes and sashes. GOST 31173-2003 mentions possible finishing options for interior and outside valves The standard also indicates possible types heat insulator and methods of installing locks.
There is no separate State Standard (GOST) for fire doors. The existing GOST 31173-2003 regulates only the design of metal door blocks. Those products that are called “fire doors GOST 31173-2003” are usually manufactured according to specifications - Specifications, compiled by the manufacturer taking into account the recommendations described in GOST 31173-2003.
The manufacturer then receives a fire safety certificate for their product. This document is valid for three years. After the certificate expires, the manufacturer must go through the procedure for obtaining a fire safety document again.
This certificate is issued after passing a product sample made in accordance with specifications or GOST 31173-2003. The combustibility tests of door structures are carried out according to the rules described in the State Standard “Test methods for fire resistance of doors and gates” numbered 53307-2009. Based on the test results, the product is assigned one or another class of fire resistance and a fire certificate is issued.
The essence of the test method is to expose the test product on one side to the temperature created by a special oven. The temperature of exposure to the tested product is regulated by GOST 30247.0-94. During testing, the time to limit state designs defined by GOST 53307-2009.
The fire resistance class assigned to a product affects its scope of application and cost.
The resistance of metal doors to temperature does not depend on the thickness of the metal used in manufacturing. Fire safety is affected by:
A fire door is a structure designed to protect against the spread of fire during a fire. A fire door must retain its protective properties for some time - until firefighters arrive and people are evacuated. As can be seen from the above, GOST 31173-2003 does not apply to metal fire doors.
Describes general fire safety provisions The federal law No. 123-FZ, adopted on July 22, 2008. “Technical regulations for fire safety requirements.” To choose a metal fire door, you need to pay attention to the availability of a fire compliance certificate for the selected product and fire resistance class.
The fire resistance class is assigned to a product as a result of fire resistance tests. Depending on the number of minutes that a particular door resisted the effects of temperature as a result of testing, a fire resistance class is assigned:
Such fire doors can prevent the spread of fire for one and a half hours.
Reliable fire doors are one of the preventive measures on ensuring fire safety. Our company produces, in accordance with GOST 31173 2003, metal fire doors. All of the company's products are certified and undergo appropriate inspection and testing.
Fire doors made of 1.5 mm thick sheet steel are able to resist the spread of flame. And increased air tightness door design may contribute to attenuation if there is no other source of oxygen in the room. After all, as you know, combustion is impossible in airless space.
Fire doors manufactured in accordance with GOST are door blocks that are classified into three classes according to their ability to resist heat transfer, water-breathability, and sound insulation.
1. Class 1 provides a heat transfer resistance of 1.0 m2 °C/W or more;
2. Class 2 – from 0.70 to 0.99 m2 °C/W;
3. 3rd class - 0.40 - 0.69m2 °C/W. Heat transfer resistance below 0.40 m2 °C/W is not subject to classification according to heat transfer resistance.
Heat transfer resistance is achieved through fireproof fillers with low thermal conductivity placed inside the door leaf.
Metal fire doors are manufactured at our company with the following types of frames:
· closed,
· U-shaped,
· U-shaped with a separate threshold.
Fire doors are also divided by purpose (installation location):
· External, that is, doors leading from the street;
· Internal (entrance doors to an apartment, office, installed inside the building).
As regulated by GOST, fire doors can have the following designs, differing in the direction and type of swinging:
· single-sided (right- and left-sided);
· Swinging outward or indoors;
· double-field, with canvases of equal and different widths;
· With blind horizontally or vertically built-in decorative inserts.
The frame of the door leaf is made of a solid curved steel profile, which has high resistance to deformation. The melting point of steel is more than 700 o C.
The definition of “fire door” does not mean that this product is welded or assembled from rough steel sheets without any finishing. Fire protection structures no less attractive and aesthetically pleasing than ordinary ones, and determines appearance fire doors, GOST 31173 2003. Based on this document, as facing finishing materials apply
· natural and synthetic leather,
· decorative polymer films;
· veneered or laminated MDF boards;
· wood, glass, plastic.
When choosing finishing materials, the conditions in which the door structures are expected to be used are taken into account. Except facing materials, fire doors can be coated with polymer, powder, paint coatings, protecting the metal from corrosion and giving the entire structure style and attractiveness.
When developing and creating a new door model, especially if new materials are used, the enterprise necessarily creates test samples that pass test tests regulated by state standards.
Tests for the ability to withstand open flames are regulated by GOST 53303 2009. Fire doors are included in the list building structures of this document. Fire resistance testing is carried out on bench equipment with measuring equipment. The list of equipment includes:
· Testing furnace with automatic feeding and combustion of fuel, providing a one-sided thermal effect on the tested object;
· The oven has a block smoke channels with excess pressure regulator;
· Measuring instruments, recording the received parameters;
· A portable thermocouple that determines the temperature on a selected surface area on the unheated side, where a peak temperature increase is expected.
· A device that simulates test samples in operation.
The prototype for testing and all its component blocks must comply with the presented technical documentation for a specific model.
Smoke-gas-tight doors are doors that block the spread of flame and smoke and are capable of resisting the penetration of gaseous combustion products into a room for a given time.
Testing for smoke permeability through the structures being tested is determined by GOST R 53307 2009 for fire doors and other fire-resistant building structures. The essence of this test is to establish how long a door, heated from the side of the fire, will be able to withstand smoke, how long during the test it will be smoke-gas-tight, being under the influence of increased pressure. During testing, the pressure difference is established at 70 Pa ± 10%. The highest value is set on the heated side.
This test also includes a special oven equipped with nozzles and simulating a fire in the room. Regulation and maintenance of the required pressure difference is ensured by a thermal fan with piping, control dampers and a flow meter.
The test bench is equipped with thermometers, gas flow and pressure meters. There are increased demands on the accuracy of instrumentation, including stopwatches.
The fire resistance limit, corresponding to GOST R 53307 2009 of metal fire doors and other building structures, consists of a fixed designation of the state when the product is able to resist negative impacts, and numbers corresponding to this time in minutes: S15, S30, S60. The fire resistance class is established based on the lowest testing values.
Tests on a testing stand and further measurements reveal weak points and shortcomings of the door structure, which are finalized, brought to compliance with GOST 31173 2003 fire doors, and only then they are introduced into mass production.
What door characteristics should you pay attention to when buying a fire door? GOST for fire doors pays attention to locks. Metal fire doors are equipped with anti-removal devices that prevent the door from being removed from its hinges, and locks with increased security properties high categories 3-4 grades. Some locks are equipped with special systems that make it easy to open the door from the inside.
It is important that the internal filler is not flammable polyurethane foam, but mineral wool, glass wool - materials that can withstand high temperatures.
Our company produces fireproof products with a three-year warranty in Moscow, and is confident in the quality and reliability of the design of fire doors in accordance with GOST.
You can order a batch of doors for a residential building, office center, etc. construction site in Moscow and the region. We will not only manufacture, but also deliver and install our products on site.
