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Varnish for exterior woodwork is designed to protect products that are used outdoors from negative factors: ultraviolet radiation, pests, high humidity. Accordingly, special attention should be paid to the selection and application of compositions, because in stores they are presented in a huge assortment. How to choose and apply correctly wood varnish for exterior use, we will talk in this article.
Today there are many coating compositions wooden surfaces, but varnishes have one serious advantage - they allow you to preserve the unique and inimitable structure for which this natural material is valued.
Paints and varnishes are divided according to several criteria, one of which is the conditions under which the wood will be used. Products that are under open air, are exposed to weather factors, due to which the tree constantly swells and contracts. Varnishes intended for treating external surfaces form an elastic film on the surface of the material, which allows the wood to withstand regular swelling and drying. Compositions for treating indoor surfaces do not have a sufficient degree of elasticity, so the film will quickly crack and begin to peel off.
Varnishes for external use are used to cover the following elements:
Compositions that are intended for such purposes must reliably protect surfaces from negative factors, mechanical damage, and also have good decorative qualities.
At their core, all varnishes are mixtures of substances that are capable of forming a protective film on the surface of the material. To extend the life of wooden products, the composition for external use must have a number of important characteristics.
The composition of varnishes for external woodwork may include substances that protect the material from pests, components that give the surface a glossy shine or dullness, and much more.
There are several types of paint and varnish compositions that are used for exterior woodwork, and each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. The choice of a specific product depends on the characteristics of the material, the operating conditions of the product, as well as the final result that needs to be obtained.
The basis of such products are purified, heat-treated oils, which give the compositions the necessary properties. The quality of the varnish coating directly depends on the quality of the base, so saving on products is not recommended. The second component of such varnishes is synthetic or natural resins, and most of the compositions sold in stores contain synthetics. The drying time of the compositions is quite long, so it is better to carry out work on clear days at air temperatures above 10 degrees and average humidity.
Important: when varnishing oil based The surface of the wood may darken slightly.
Depending on the proportions of resin and oil, compositions are fatty, semi-fat and lean. For the treatment of external surfaces, exclusively fatty varnishes are used (2 parts oil and 1 part resin), as they are characterized by resistance to atmospheric influences.
Varieties of such compositions are yacht and polyurethane varnishes. The first option is used for surfaces that are constantly in contact with water. Yacht (urethane-alkyd) varnish creates an elastic film on the surface that maintains integrity even as the wood contracts or expands.
HELO YACHT - urethane-alkyd quick-drying varnish
Important: applying yacht compounds requires mandatory priming of surfaces and care when carrying out work. The film that forms on the surface must be solid and dense. If moisture gets under it, the wood will begin to deteriorate from the inside and the product will lose its original appearance.
Polyurethane compounds are easy to work with and provide high quality coating even if the master does not have the appropriate skills. They dry quickly and protect the surface well from abrasion, mechanical damage and ultraviolet radiation.
Compositions based on alkyd resins and solvent provide stable, durable and reliable coating of products. It is not influenced household chemicals, so the surface can be cleaned by any means. The disadvantages of solvent-based varnishes include a long drying time (about 24 hours) and the ability to change the color of the wood - after processing the material becomes yellowish. The most common alkyd varnishes are GF-166 and GF-177.
The basis of the composition is alkyd glyphthalic resin, modified natural oils, with the addition of an organic solvent and substances that accelerate drying. Forms a transparent glossy film on the surface of products; drying time for one layer is 48 hours.
The composition and main characteristics of the varnish are identical to GF-166, but have a shorter drying time and require careful preparation for work.
This type of composition is produced on the basis of an aqueous dispersion (for example, acrylic) with a small amount solvent. Thanks to this, they do not have a pungent odor and do not emit toxic fumes, and work can be carried out even in indoors. Water-based varnishes have a wide variety of colors and can give the material any chosen shade without masking the unique structure of the wood. Surfaces treated with such compounds are not susceptible to fungi, mold and microorganisms and have an attractive appearance.
Lucky on water based are divided into two types: they can contain only acrylic (one-component compositions) or acrylic with polyurethane (two-component compositions). Two-component acrylic-based coatings have improved performance properties and are not susceptible to negative conditions environment.
| Varnish type | Compound | Average drying time | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Oil and resin, and an increased amount of resin promotes rapid drying of the composition, but reduces the strength of the coating | 24-72 hours | High |
| Yacht (alkyd-urethane) | Alkyd resins, organic solvent, urethanes | 2-4 hours | Very high |
| Polyurethane | Base with hardener (two-component composition), base with hardener and solvent (three-component) | 4-12 hours | Very high |
| Alkyd | Alkyd resins, solvents (white spirit, solvent), substances that accelerate drying | Up to 48 hours | High |
| Water | Liquid polymer (acrylic dispersion), antiseptic, plasticizer | 24 hours, but it takes 10-14 days for the film to form | Average |
Important: alcohol compounds and nitro varnishes are not recommended for outdoor use. Alcohol-based varnishes are suitable exclusively for restoration and carpentry work, while nitro varnishes are characterized by low water resistance and are quickly destroyed when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
Among the most popular manufacturers paint and varnish materials includes the following companies:
Wood varnish
Correct application of varnish is the key to reliability and durability finishing coating. The main point that needs to be taken into account before applying the work is that paint and varnish materials have some features and application conditions.
The remaining varnish can be poured into small bottles or jars (so that as little air as possible remains between the surface of the substance and the edge of the container), close tightly and place in a dark place, temperature from 5 to 30 degrees. Under such conditions, the composition can be stored for about a year.
To correctly determine the amount of paint and varnish mixture that will be needed for processing certain area surface, you need to know the varnish consumption per square meter. This setting depends on technical characteristics material and composition itself.
On average, the consumption of paint and varnish mixture when applying the first layer is a liter per 8-10 square meters, and when applying subsequent layers - a liter per 10-12 square meters. m.
Varnish is applied using different instruments, preferably with a brush, roller or spray. Not only the consumption of the composition, as mentioned above, but also the quality of the coating depends on the choice of tool.
The cheapest, most common and affordable option. Most often in stores you can find brushes with natural, mixed or artificial bristles. Natural brushes are best suited for oil-based paints, but when working, you should squeeze out the bristles well - they have the ability to pick up and hold varnish, so drips and unevenness may form on the treated surface. Synthetic brushes provide a smooth surface and are practically not subject to wear. Mixed bristles combine the advantages of natural and synthetic bristles, and the brushes are ideal for outdoor use.
The tool is convenient for processing large areas: fences, facades, etc. Rollers for applying varnish are distinguished by the characteristics of the working surface of the tool, length of pile and size. Long pile can be deformed during operation, as a result of which the quality of the coating decreases. Large rollers reduce the processing time of products, but are inferior in terms of convenience, since small ones create a more uniform and dense film. The best option for outdoor work is a medium-sized tool with long, reinforced bristles.
A spray gun or spray gun is the most convenient tool for painting fences and facades, since it can be used to easily treat hard-to-reach places. Spraying makes it possible to create a high-quality, smooth and uniform coating. Spray guns can have different tank volumes, engine power and performance - the higher these characteristics, the more expensive the unit, but it will work budget models not very convenient, as they quickly overheat and turn off.
Spray gun
For better adhesion of paints and varnishes and of proper quality future coating, the surface should be well treated. If you apply the composition to unprepared wood, the coating will quickly lose its attractive appearance, crack and peel off.
The old coating (if any) must be removed with sandpaper, a spatula or a hair dryer down to a clean, solid base.
If there are cracks or crevices in the wood, they must be removed using a special putty.
Clean the surface of the product from dust, small debris and sand it sandpaper. If there are stains of grease or resin, sanding should be done along the grain - thanks to this, small fibers will not pick up, and the wood will become as smooth as possible. Before further processing, the surface must dry thoroughly.
Some craftsmen do not consider priming, or coating lumber with special compounds, as a mandatory processing step, but there are several objective reasons for their use:
The primer composition is selected depending on the characteristics of the material and the composition for the final coating. Alkyd primer well emphasizes the structure of wood and increases its wear resistance, water-dispersed compositions do not have a strong odor and are non-toxic, and shellac primers are recommended for coating poorly dried and damp wood
When choosing a primer taking into account the characteristics of the finishing coating, you need to take into account that for polyurethane-based paintwork materials, it is recommended to choose compositions containing a solvent. When using water-dispersed paints and varnishes, it is best to use an acrylic or water-based primer. For outdoor work, it is recommended to choose formulations that additionally contain components that prevent the appearance of rot, mildew and mold.
You can begin applying the compositions after preparation (the process is described above) and thorough drying of the surface.
Step 1. Prepare the composition (dilute according to the instructions) and mix it well. Pour it into a suitable container wide enough to dip your brush into.
Step 2. Apply the solution to the surface in an even layer, brushing or rolling along the wood grain. When processing a facade or fence, pay special attention to the lower part, as it is most susceptible to moisture.
Step 3. Wait until the first coat of primer dries well.
Step 4. Clean the dried layer with sandpaper; if the surface is uneven, use wood putty. Remove dust from the wood that has formed after sanding.
Step 5. Apply another 1-2 layers on top of the first layer, each of them should be allowed to dry thoroughly.
After the primer has dried, proceed to finishing– coating the product with a varnish mixture.
Impregnation for wood
Before applying varnish to wood, it is recommended to carry out an adhesion test. Cover a small area of the prepared surface with the composition, apply the composition, and after 2-3 days try to remove it with a coin or spatula. If the coating is difficult to remove, it means that the varnish has bonded well with the base. If a coin or spatula leaves clearly visible, deep marks, it is necessary to treat the surface again or choose a different varnish.
It is best to apply varnish to a horizontal surface, so if possible, the product should be placed vertically - for example, when processing doors, remove them from their hinges and place them on trestles.
Step 1. Prepare the composition (if necessary, dilute it with water or white spirit), mix well, pour into a suitable container.
Step 2. Apply the first coat of varnish to the wood. Apply the mixture onto a tool (brush, roller) and squeeze lightly to avoid drips. On horizontal surfaces the varnish is applied in stripes, and on vertical surfaces - in cross movements, uniform and smooth. Some compositions (for example, acrylic) set almost immediately, so you need to work quickly enough so that no brush marks remain on the surface. The varnish needs to be rubbed well and ensure that no bubbles appear on the surface - they can be removed by brushing along the grain of the wood. When working, pay special attention to hard-to-reach places and corners.
Step 3. After applying the first layer, it should be allowed to dry. The drying time of the varnish differs for each type of composition: in the case of water-based paints and varnishes it ranges from 1 to 12 hours, for alkyd and polyurethane mixtures - 24 hours, so it is better to clarify it in the instructions for the product.
Step 4. Once the initial coating has dried, it is best to sand it with fine-grained sandpaper - this way the second layer of varnish will adhere well to the first.
Step 5. Apply a second layer of the compound, this time undiluted, and let dry.
Step 6. Evaluate the treated surface in good lighting, if necessary, apply another 1-2 layers of varnish.
Using quality compounds and correct application, two layers of varnish are usually sufficient for a good surface finish.
Tinted varnishes are usually used to cover inexpensive types of wood. When processing, you can solve two problems at once: protect the material from damage and negative factors, and also “ennoble” it appearance. The technology for applying such compositions is no different from applying conventional ones, but has a number of nuances.
Sheathing with imitation timber: step-by-step instructions Wood sealant
To ensure the protection of wooden products, a variety of means are used: impregnations, varnishes, paints. In order not to get confused in choosing this or that product, the buyer should know some of the subtleties of choosing such a composition.
This article will discuss the nuances of choosing a varnish for a wooden surface.
Varnish is a viscous composition obtained from dissolved resin substances and polymers. When applied to a surface, such a substance forms a shiny film. This coating is used to protect the outer layers of wood, since they are highly vulnerable to various influences.
Thus, life cycle Wood products with the help of the applied substance will be extended.
The properties of each varnish composition completely depend on its components. For example, using alkyd substances, you can protect wood covering from moisture, and with the help of alkyd-urea compounds the coating acquires additional strength.
Most important criterion Any varnish composition is its shine.
Therefore, the parameters of protective substances for tree species are divided as follows:
Varnish coatings are also divided by area of application - they are for both outdoor and indoor use.
Varnishes for interior work. Such compositions are especially popular, because they not only protect surfaces from various types of influences, but also decorate them, making any wooden product beautiful and pleasing to the eye.
Experts divide such varnishing compositions into several types:
Designed for parquet covering. This board needs quality protective coating, therefore manufacturers recommend using this particular category of paintwork materials for this purpose. In addition, the coating of the lamellas after applying this composition acquires a rich and sophisticated appearance.
Parquet paints and varnishes have a wide range: in stores you can find both matte varieties, and glossy.
When choosing this composition, you should focus on several criteria:
As mentioned above, it is measured as a percentage.
Parquet varnish can be divided into several varieties, R they will be discussed below:
Used to enhance adhesion to wood when initial stage processing. It is necessary if you want to obtain an even color scheme of the product, as well as to isolate the wood from moisture influences.
Using this composition, you can save a lot of money, because very little finishing coating is required. When choosing it, you should be especially careful - the substance must be suitable for the finishing component of the finish.
Consumers choose this particular composition most often, since the price-quality ratio is optimal. This substance contains not only water, but also various solvents and emulsifiers. Thanks to this, this product dries a little longer than its analogues.
These compositions have several varieties, differing from each other in the absence or presence of a percentage of solvents, which can be either 5% or 15%. From positive points When using this composition, it is worth noting the absence of any odor, as well as its non-flammability.
Negatives much more, but this fact has virtually no effect on the popularity of this product among consumers.
The disadvantages of using this composition include the following:
The main purpose of such a product is additional protection of the coating from external loads. The composition has high adhesion and dries quickly.
Additionally, it is worth noting other distinctive features such material:
In the production of this substance, manufacturers use natural ingredients - oil resins. They are wood components or flax substances. These components penetrate well into the structure of the wooden coating and reliably protect it throughout its entire service life.
Alkyd substances are quite toxic components; in their composition you can often see an ingredient such as white spirit.
It is worth noting several more distinctive qualities of this composition:
The basis for such a substance is formaldehyde resins.
They are very harmful to the health of others, so during the application process it is necessary to use protective equipment - respirators.
Main characteristic features The uses of this composition are the following:
By using paints and varnishes for furniture, the home owner will receive not only great option protection from external factors, but also thereby emphasizes the natural texture of the wooden product.
This composition for wooden furniture can be divided into the following types:
This paintwork material can easily thicken during storage. Turpentine is usually used to dilute it. The application of such a composition should be carried out using a high-hardness brush; you can also use a sprayer.
After application, the wood coating will take quite a long time to dry, since the oil composition does not contain volatile solvents. To apply the second layer to the surface of the wood, you must wait until the first one has dried, after which it is recommended to clean the surface from dust and sand it. The process must be repeated before applying the third layer. The result should be a shiny, glossy surface.
The surface treated with this composition is not afraid of moisture, ultraviolet rays and elevated temperature. To speed up the drying process of the composition, the treated product must be placed in a bright, ventilated room with a low level of humidity.
After drying, you need to ventilate the room until the unpleasant odor disappears. Experts advise polishing the surface to achieve maximum gloss levels.
To do this, use a swab soaked in alcohol. It can be made from a piece of cotton wool or woolen fabric the size of egg. Additionally, this material is wrapped in soft linen cloth. The bottom of the tampon is covered with a small amount of Vaseline or sunflower oil. Then do circular movements over the surface until there are no dry spots left.
This type of coating is produced using alcohol and natural resin ingredients.
The composition has the following distinctive characteristics:
Typically, this composition is used for coating wooden surfaces that require polishing.
The basis for the production of this type of wood varnish is a solution of synthetic resins and solvent. The film formed after drying is transparent and hard. During the surface coating process, the color scheme does not change. This paintwork material is resistant to moisture and has excellent adhesive properties.
This composition is based on water and has good strength. Wood coated with such a coating does not change its color, and the texture of the wood species is completely preserved. However, it is worth considering the point that the composition is not moisture resistant, so the use of this finishing material wet areas Not recommended.
This substance is distinguished by the presence of polyesters and diisocyanates in its composition. It can be either one-component or two-component. Before application, the isocyanate and solution are mixed to obtain the required consistency for use.
These compounds are elastic and form a durable film. Additionally, it is worth noting that the coating is resistant to abrasion and mechanical stress. Furniture coated with this varnish will last for many years.
The basis of this coating is resin with the addition of colloxylin and organic mixtures. Suitable for application to any wooden surface. The varnish is characterized by high strength, smooth surface and excellent decorative properties.
The optimal temperature at which the varnish will dry in about an hour is 20°C.
Once the composition is completely dry, it will become completely safe for human health.
This substance contains a solution epoxy resin and organic solvents.
The advantages of this type of paintwork:
Among the disadvantages, it is worth highlighting the exact adherence to the preparation technology, since the composition is two-component and poor elasticity. The composition is used to cover parquet, doors, furniture, windows and floors.
There are many options universal compounds. Below is an example of one of these varnishes.
Acrylic universal glossy varnish Kudo. This composition is necessary to give surfaces a decorative shine. Such surfaces are wooden, metal or plastic products. The composition is easy to apply even to the surface where there is a layer of paint. It is worth noting that the varnish is universal not only due to its ability to be applied to the most different surfaces, but also because it can be used for both interior and exterior work.
The composition features the following characteristics:
Varnish for outdoor use. This composition is distinguished by reliable protection of the surface from environmental factors; all individual characteristics each wooden covering.
It is worth noting that such varnish is quite expensive, however, due to the fact that the wooden surface will be under reliable protection, this fact can be ignored: over time, the cost of the finishing material will pay off.
The main task paint coating– creating a durable coating and giving it a color effect.
Using colored varnish has several advantages:
Homeowners often purchase glossy varnish for their interiors - this applies to rooms that are quite dark. The clear look is one of the few examples where the natural structure of wood is emphasized through the application of varnish.
When choosing a specific color range you need to understand that it has a huge number of shades.
For example, covering walnut-colored paintwork parquet board, you can get several different color effects. It can be beige, red, black or dark brown.
Home owners also like to use tinting compounds. They cover doors, furniture, and parquet. The wood gains an unsurpassed appearance, as well as resistance to mechanical stress. Blue stains, fungus and mold will not form on this surface.
As mentioned above, varnish can be used both for interior and exterior work. It all depends on the composition; you need to study it carefully before purchasing. Interior varnish can be used to paint wooden furniture, doors, floors and other household items.
Paintwork materials for exterior work are used for finishing the following structures and elements:
For application on large areas you can use aerosol paint in a can or spray. A representative of this type of coating material is bitumen varnish. It protects the surface from rotting, mold and mildew.
The consumption of paints and varnishes depends on several indicators:
The average consumption of paints and varnishes is known: usually 1 liter of substance covers about 8-10 square meters surfaces. When applied as a second layer, the coating can cover an area of 20 square meters. m.
Applying varnish in 2 layers guarantees color fastness and the required surface protection.
To varnish wood texture, use the following application technology:
It is worth polishing the surface more carefully, because the amount of paintwork materials depends on this.
To make the process easier, apply the varnish using a roller.. The brush is suitable for hard to reach places. To ensure that no marks from the brush remain on the surface, you need to choose it with a slight fluff at the end.
As for the sprayer, it can cover large areas in a short period of time.
If you need to varnish the surface of wooden furniture, you should use two layers, and when treating the floor - three.
Currently, there are many more manufacturers of paints and varnishes than a few years ago. This is due, first of all, to the active construction of new buildings and structures.
The varnish forms a shiny film that protects the surface from damage and gives it an elegant look. Most often, wooden surfaces are varnished, since wood is a material subject to abrasion, rotting, and fading.
Depending on the chemical composition, there are water-soluble, water-free polyurethane, alkyd, alkyd-urethane, acrylic-urethane varnishes. Water-based varnishes dry in 4-6 hours and have no harsh unpleasant odor, environmentally friendly. They are well suited for treating furniture or walls.
Waterless polyurethane varnishes are more wear-resistant, so they can be safely applied to wooden floors.
Alkyd compositions are made using synthetic resins. Before application, they are diluted with a solvent that has a pungent odor. It will disappear after drying (this will take 1 to 3 days). Such varnishes form a coating that is especially resistant to moisture, vibration, household chemicals and temperature changes. A urethane additive in alkyd varnish shortens the polymerization process.
Acrylic-urethane varnish does not have such an unpleasant odor as alkyd, but it performs well in use.
Castorama stores sell varnishes in aerosol cans. They are convenient to apply to any surface: glass, metal, wood or plastic.
Buy varnish and other finishing materials in our hypermarkets!
Wood is a common material that is used to build houses, create interior items, and cover walls and floors. But it requires protection from natural phenomena, otherwise it will quickly crack and fail. Save decorative properties and the texture of the wood will be helped by wood varnish. It protects the material from moisture and drying, temperature changes, ultraviolet radiation, rotting, fungus, insects and mechanical damage.
The varnish is applied to the surface using a roller, brush, sprayer or compressor. It forms a durable transparent film, which protects the wood from premature wear. You can buy wood varnish in a tin can or plastic bucket in convenient packaging.
There are several classes of varnish: yacht, parquet, furniture and decorative. If you find it difficult to select, then call Kraski-Market consultants - they will help you choose best option wood varnishes for your purposes.
Modern manufacturers produce several types of wood varnishes, differing chemical composition and the basis. You can purchase:
Varnishes can also be divided according to the method of application: for external works, for internal and universal.
High-quality and certified varnishes for wooden surfaces, plywood and chipboard can be purchased in the KraskiMarket online store. We sell goods wholesale and retail, and provide targeted delivery throughout Moscow and the Moscow region. Cash and non-cash payments for wood varnish are possible. The price for it at KraskiMarket is quite affordable, since we work directly with the manufacturer.
