Frame bath - a prefabricated structure. It is built from wooden beams. Such a structure is easy to move from place to place, install on wooden piles, adjust the distance to the ground, equip the water drain. To repair a bath or replace building elements, it is not necessary to disassemble the entire structure. Warming frame bath- Part construction process. The walls of the bath are a cake with vapor barrier, waterproofing and a layer of insulation. Bath insulation is performed during construction.
Warming of the frame bath should begin from the walls and floor, gradually rising. The ceiling is thermally insulated last, the steam room too, since this is the inner part of the building. Before starting work on the insulation of the bath, you need to install external walls. For example, sheathe the frame with clapboard or other wood, and after thermal insulation, install a ventilated facade. This will help draw moisture out.
The floor in the bath should have a pie design. First, a crate is installed, which must be covered with a vapor barrier, then a heater is mounted, then waterproofing and a finish coating.
Insulation of the ceiling in the bath is similar to the floor, only for vapor barrier you need to install a foil coating. It retains heat and reflects it away from the ceiling. Also, near the ceiling, it is necessary to provide an exhaust hood or an opening for the exit of air and condensate.
When warming the steam room, you need to pay attention to the area near the stove. It requires additional protection against moisture and fire. In addition to insulation and waterproofing, foil or a thin layer of aluminum is laid on the walls around the furnace, and then heat-resistant brick.
Before starting work, you need to make sure that the thickness of the frame rails is at least 150 millimeters. You can lay the insulation immediately between them: the design will be lighter, but hardly more durable. If you plan to use the bath in the winter, it is worth sheathing the frame with clapboard outside.
Then lay a layer of vapor barrier, capturing the frame rails and lining. The vapor absorber can be a foil coating, polymeric and membrane PVC films. You can attach them to the tree with a stapler. Mount the crate on top, lay insulation between it and the frame.
Start the installation of insulation from the bottom up along the perimeter of the bath frame. Depending on the material, it can be fixed to the wall with glue or dowels with screws. For some heaters, for example, polyurethane foam, fasteners are not needed, since the material has adhesive properties. The insulation layer must be at least 100 millimeters. In some cases, you can lay a double layer of thermal insulation of 50 millimeters. Place foil between layers for added protection.
Gaps and cracks between insulation boards must be closed mounting foam. Then proceed to laying the waterproofing. To do this, it is also worth taking foil material and attaching it over the crate. Close all joints and gaps with scraps of foil. For finish coat walls to take the lining and close the waterproofing to it.
Before insulating the walls, once again check the places with hoods or air outlets. They need to be placed at the top of the wall. After insulation, treat the holes with mounting foam.
You need to start warming the bath with the installation of wooden plates on the outside of the frame. Drill holes in them for ventilation and one large hole for draining water. Then lay a layer of waterproofing - PVC membranes. It should completely cover the frame and wood slabs. It can be glued on. After that, lay a layer of insulation between the frame rails. It could be polyurethane foam. Through their physical and chemical properties it attaches to the surface without glue. Spray layer - 25-40 millimeters. It should be noted that after spraying the foam will increase in volume. After that, close the insulation with a thin wooden plate and leave a gap between the materials of 2-3 millimeters. This will help the condensation evaporate. For extra protection over wood slab lay a layer of foam or polystyrene foam and fix it with glue. At this stage, pay attention to the plum. Apply sealant around it. Then cover the entire floor with foil waterproofing.
The top coat can be either wood treated with antifungal agents or a polymer-cement screed with tiles.
The device for thermal insulation of the ceiling of a frame bath is similar to wall insulation. First you need to install a PVC membrane that will remove moisture to the outside, then a layer of insulation, then a foil coating - it will help keep the heat inside. The membrane must be attached to wooden beams using a stapler and foil tape. After installing the crate, which will help to evenly distribute the insulation around the perimeter of the ceiling. Insert thermal insulation between the laths of the crate, a layer of 50 to 100 millimeters. The insulation must be uniform without gaps. If they are, cover them with mounting foam. Then attach a vapor barrier: foil coating or thermal film. Install wooden slats on top. This will allow the material to be firmly attached.
The final step will be the finishing cladding. Suitable for this cladding panels, lining made of linden, larch or pine. It is better to fix heavy materials to the ceiling with dowels and self-tapping screws, and light ones - polyurethane adhesive or stapler. Above the stove you need to install a screen from of stainless steel. This will protect the ceiling from deformation and overheating. The same should be done on the floor around the stove.
To insulate a steam room, you need to follow the same instructions as for warming a bath. The steam room is distinguished by a high concentration of moisture and a stove. To protect the walls from fungus and mold, you need to install a double layer of waterproofing. Also, the insulation layer can be made double. Lay PVC membrane between layers. It is worth paying attention to the area around the stove, chimney and windows. Close all gaps and cracks with insulation and sealant, install a foil coating around the entire perimeter of the steam room, and then close it with clapboard.
For thermal insulation of the bath, you can use different materials: from mineral wool to polyurethane foam. When choosing a heater, you need to pay attention to its properties:
Closed-cell polyurethane foam has a water absorption rate of 5% of the volume, therefore it is suitable for warming a frame bath. Its thermal conductivity is 0.022 W / m * K - one of the lowest among materials for thermal insulation. PPU does not absorb moisture, is not subject to rotting and thinning. It is sprayed using a special technique in a single layer. High adhesion allows laying not only on horizontal, but also on vertical surfaces. For warming the bath, it is important that the thermal insulation is non-combustible. The flammability class of PPU varies depending on the requirements. This polymer does not release into the atmosphere harmful substances even in high temperature environments. Its service life reaches 30 years or more. Read more about the equipment and components of polyurethane foam.
The thermal insulation properties of foam are comparable to polyurethane foam. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.038 W/m*K. Polyfoam also does not absorb moisture, it is resistant to salt solutions. It is often used for insulation of residential buildings and various structures. However, it can become unusable from acetone, kerosene and oil. It has a high flammability class and is highly flammable. When burned, it emits a pungent toxic odor. Styrofoam can be used to insulate the floor in the bath, but you should remember the precautions and avoid overheating. The term of operation of polyfoam - from 10 to 20 years.
Warming a frame bath requires an integrated approach. You need to start from the floor, rising up. You can use a combination of several materials. When insulating, ensure that there are no cracks and gaps in the frame structure.
If you don’t know what materials to choose for warming the bath, you can’t calculate their consumption and are looking for a suitable team, use the service on the website. There are more than 630 teams of performers registered to help you. to contact a consultant. He will tell you about the cost of the work and help you choose a team.
Everyone knows that the floor in the bath should be moisture resistant, not subject to decay and warm, but how to do it high-quality insulation this part of the structure, so that the surface meets the other requirements of this room, only builders have an idea. This is especially true of the frame bath. We will tell you how to make such a floor with your own hands. By following our instructions and the video process exactly, you will get a comfortable floor that dries quickly between treatments, is strong and durable.
As a rule, a frame bath is built on column foundation or piles. For connection load-bearing elements bases in one piece, a wooden or metal grillage is used. For a bath on piles, grillages made of steel channels or I-beams are more suitable.
First of all, the installation of the floor in the bath begins with the construction of its frame, that is, laying the log. If you decide to build a bathhouse on piles with a metal grillage, then on top of it you need to fix a bed of wooden beam section 150x50 mm. It is easier to attach lags to it. The device of the floor of a frame bath on a columnar foundation begins with the laying of a wooden grillage of beams with a section of 150x50 mm. Logs are not only attached to it, it is also the basis for the walls.
Depending on the dimensions of the bath, intermediate beams may be needed in wooden frame for laying lag. In addition, under the intermediate beams and long logs, you will need to arrange additional supporting pillars. They can be made from bricks. Logs are attached to a wooden grillage and intermediate beams with a step of 40 cm.
Important: all wooden structures treated with antiseptics and flame retardants. Logs under the steam room and washing room are best made from moisture-resistant larch wood.
After the logs are installed, you can begin to build the floor of the frame bath. If you decide to build a bath with your own hands, please note that the constructive floor cake should include the following layers:
If you build a frame bath on piles or a columnar foundation with your own hands, you should take a closer look at the features of each layer of the constructive floor cake.
Tip: keep in mind that it is necessary to insulate not only the floor of the frame bath, but also its walls, as well as the ceilings.
It doesn’t matter which frame bath you will build, on piles or a columnar foundation, the floor insulation procedure takes place in the same sequence. Before proceeding with the construction of the floor, it is worth installing frame walls baths. It is not worth insulating the walls yet, but it is better to install a moisture and wind barrier. The subfloor device takes place in the following sequence:
Tip: if there are recesses under the walls of the structure, then the insulation must be brought there as well. However, it is difficult to lay ecowool slabs there, so soft Rockwool insulation can be laid under the walls.
by the most the best option warming the floor of the bath on piles or a columnar foundation will be a heated structure. This will help the evaporation of moisture from the floor after taking the procedures, the rapid drying of the surface and provide additional protection from fungus and mold. If you plan to do the work yourself, then it is better to perform a floor heating device using factory electrical systems. Such a floor should be made in the steam room, rest room and washing room.
We work in the following order:
We make a screed from a cement-sand mortar or ready-made dry building mix. Fiber fibers or building reinforcing mesh can be used as reinforcement. The height of the screed is 3.0 cm. In the rest room and steam room, we make the screed without a slope, and in the washing room we perform a floor slope of 10 degrees towards the drain hole. We work in the following order:
Frame construction is on the rise. Previously, customers shunned it, doubting its reliability and durability. Now the experience of many developers allows you to increasingly resort to this technology. Even baths are made in a wooden-frame style. Although in this case a correctly installed skeleton is still half the success. Proper insulation a frame bath is one of the factors for a long service life of a building and savings on heating. Let us consider in more detail the materials and methods of insulation.
The choice of insulation depends not only on construction technology. An important factor is which bath is to be insulated. Bath can be:
When choosing the insulation material, the temperature and humidity conditions of the room should be taken into account. For example, taking an ofuro bath is characterized by a large evaporation of the liquid. In such a bath, the procedure consists in immersing the body in a barrel of water. Water temperature +45°С. With this method of bathing, there is an abundant settling of liquid on surfaces. Therefore, reinforced waterproofing and insulation with low moisture absorption are needed.
In the sanarium, both temperature and humidity are relatively low. Therefore, you can not worry about maintaining high temperatures with insulation. The main thing is that the insulation effectively copes with the preservation of temperature.
The high temperature in the hammam requires the material to:
Any insulation is selected based on the heat engineering calculation. It takes into account:
Based on the thickness of the material used, the width of the frame beam is selected. If the width of the frame is small, insulation occurs from the inside or outside of the building.
The step of the supporting racks of the frame is also calculated based on the width of the insulation. For mineral wool mats, it may not be too hard. After all, the compressibility of the mat will allow it to be deformed for the device between the racks.
With hard heaters, the pitch of the racks should be clearly set. After all, if the distance is inaccurate, the slab will need to be cut or added. In some cases, this can be difficult.
The main advantage of polystyrene is its low cost. Basically, 100 mm polystyrene foam is enough to insulate the dressing room, kitchen and rest room. It can be a solid product or two elements of 50 mm each.
For direct insulation of the steam room, a layer of 150 mm is required. Only in this case, the insulation will be effective.
Basically, the entire line of foam boards is combustible. Therefore, for a bath, it is better to choose products of the PSB-S brand containing antipyrine. They belong to the flammability class G1.
The ignition temperature of the plates is 491 °. This is almost twice the ignition temperature of wood.
Low water absorption protects foam boards from rotting. The plate absorbs only 2% of the liquid per day.
The thermal conductivity of the material is only 0.038 W/(m*K). This is due to the composition of the foam boards. The product is 98% air and only 2% is polystyrene.
Despite the constant mention of soundproofing, this figure is low. Only 4 dB is absorbed.
The disadvantage of foam is increased fragility when:
Because of this, it is necessary to purchase material with a margin.
Mineral wool is available in:
The first two types are used to insulate the walls of the frame bath. It is better to use mats, as their shrinkage is less. Roll materials they slip over time, therefore it is more rational to insulate horizontal surfaces with them.
With the help of mineral wool cylinders, thermal conductivity is reduced:
Mineral wool is available in several types:
Thermal conductivity this material is 0.041-0.045 W / (m * C). These indicators are taken from GOST 1995-01-01. Therefore, an indication of lower values \u200b\u200bin the passport should alert the consumer.
Density values vary. For soft mats they are 20 kg / m3, for slabs intended for floor insulation and roadbeds 200 kg/m3. For creating warm bath the lowest density is sufficient, in case of insulation inside the walls. Device outer cladding for painting will tighten the requirements for density.
Almost all types of mineral wool are non-combustible materials. The melting temperature of the fibers is 650°C. Only foil products are assigned class G1.
Reflective layer helps retain heat by reflecting up to 95% heat flow. Its advantage is the protection of mineral wool from moisture.
A high absorption rate is one of the significant disadvantages of the material. To protect it, a dense, with well-protected joints, hydrobarrier is arranged.
Many will say that this is unacceptable for a bath. Yes, if you use raw sawdust.
Effective and safe insulation requires mixing sawdust with other components:
In the process of mixing, an antiseptic is added to the mixture. Often, boric acid acts in its role.
Antiseptic will protect the plates from damage:
Such insulation for a bath can be made independently or ordered factory plates. Arbolite materials are made on warping of wood shavings.
The thermal conductivity of the material under consideration is impressive - from 0.07 to 0.17 W / m * ° C.
Products are produced in the form of blocks. To insulate a wooden frame bath, you can use narrow blocks 500 * 250 * 150 mm. You can also cut wider blocks to length.
An additional, pleasant advantage is the environmental friendliness of the material. When heated, it does not emit toxins and unpleasant odors.
One of the most expensive but effective ways, polyurethane foam spraying. The material is characterized by:
Before you insulate the frame bath, you need to arrange a layer of waterproofing. In its role is a dense PVC film. The film is attached to outside frame with a stapler.
The joints of the waterproofing are mounted with an overlap of at least 10 cm. The joints are glued with adhesive tape.
Film device:
The insulation is placed between the racks by surprise. Soft mats slip over time, so they are fixed at the top with a rail.
If slab insulation does not adhere tightly to the frame, the joints are foamed. With a lack of width roll insulation gaps are filled with scraps.
Mounted on top of the insulation vapor barrier membrane. It is attached to the frame with staples.
In the case of foil insulation in front of the foil layer, with inside, created air layer. Its width is taken at least 1 cm. A gap is formed in two ways:
For the installation of walls near the heating element, a separate technique is required. It is advisable to arrange a wall of refractory bricks at the installation site of the furnace. Warming, in this case, consists in isolating the overheated stone from the room.
Asbestos plates are suitable for a chimney device. They will withstand high temperatures, while not emitting harmful substances.
floors in frame structure can be wooden (on logs) or concrete. The technology of warming a wooden floor is more responsible. Necessary:
In order to arrange a concrete floor, it is necessary to replace wooden logs steel profile. Distributed load does not negate the large weight of the material. Therefore, it is necessary to select beams, following the calculation.
The selection of ceiling insulation must be approached responsibly. After all, a large temperature difference on its surface creates condensation.
The main thing, in the thermal insulation of the ceiling, is the protection of the insulation from moisture penetration. Therefore, it is necessary to create a reliable waterproofing.
Ceiling decoration depends on the type of bath:
When filing with a board, the insulation is laid on waterproofing layer with finishing board filing.
Cladding with tiles or mosaics will require a dense base. In this case, the "pie" of the ceiling will be as follows:
Stretch PVC fabric itself acts as a moisture protection. Therefore, the insulation is arranged directly on it.
Frame structures require insulation, especially when it comes to buildings such as a bathhouse with a steam room or a sauna. Because in their direct functional purpose includes conservation high temperature for a long time, then design features must meet these requirements.
Careful warming of a bath or sauna eliminates heat loss in the room, helps to maintain a high temperature for a long time.
Based on practical observations, insulated structures heat up and warm up faster, and cool down more slowly. On these parameters, there is a financial saving on fuel, which pays for the costs of the work performed on the organization of vapor barrier and insulation.
Properly executed waterproofing prevents increased negative impact moisture on the tree and the frame bath will remain in its original state for a long time.
Material for waterproofing should be selected with a high threshold of resistance to high temperatures. These materials include:
Metal foil - creates the effect of a thermos, combines the functions of a heater and a reflector, does not let water through.
When combining several types waterproofing materials and the absence of joints, high-quality vapor barrier and protection against premature decay of wood are obtained when the frame bath is insulated. To solder the resulting seams, heat-resistant silicone sealants are used.
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When choosing heaters, one should focus on their behavior when exposed to high temperatures and high humidity, not on thermal insulation characteristics. This is due to the fact that when the bath or steam room is heated, substances harmful to health will be released.
The following materials are currently on the market:
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Installation of the insulation layer is carried out according to the following scheme:
If foam or similar insulation is used in one layer, then the joints must be foamed with mounting foam. When laying insulation in several rows, it is necessary to ensure that the seams of the layers do not match. When using a sawdust mixture, it must be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the ceiling, filling all existing cavities.
What to do with the stove when insulating a frame bath. Between the furnace and the wall it is necessary to lay out an additional brick refractory screen. This measure will protect the insulation and finishing heat and possible damage. On this part of the wall the best insulation become asbestos slabs. As a finish, you can use plaster products, which can be glued with heat-resistant glue or mortar.
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This is the most important and costly stage in the process of warming the bath. In those parts of the bath where washing is not provided, you can do only with expanded clay, insulation and a double layer of waterproofing. But it's not very suitable option because situations are different. Open access to water and the lack of stacks, even in such rooms, can lead to premature decay of the wooden parts of the floor.
The best option is to add to this design on top of the waterproofing concrete screed and on it to organize a slope for a stack of water. In dry bath rooms, a frame is built over a concrete screed, and then boards are laid. In rooms for direct washing on a concrete screed, you can lay floor tiles and lay rubber bath mats.
It is also possible to organize a wooden floor, but the boards are laid with small gaps so that the water passes unhindered to the stack and does not linger on the surface. For convenience when walking on the floor, one-piece or cellular rubber mats are laid.
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Modern bath attendants often assemble frame bath complexes, since this technology has many strengths, it is cheaper than analogues. If the insulation of the frame bath is not done correctly, achieve optimal indicator comfort will be impossible. Therefore, when building a building, it is important to take care of the thermal insulation of the premises.
The process of heat transfer in frame buildings depends on the following factors:
The quality of ventilation in the room is also important. It can be natural or forced.
Many owners of steam rooms do not know how to insulate a frame bath. Thermal insulation methods:
It is necessary to think in advance how many layers of insulation it is better to sew into the walls. This will avoid unnecessary work.
There are many heaters for a frame bath, each of which has certain pros and cons. Styrofoam - universal material, which can be used not only as a heater. Advantages:
Styrofoam ignites when exposed to an open flame.
Mineral wool is a popular type of insulation material. Advantages:
Mineral wool quickly becomes unusable when moisture gets on the surface. Therefore, it is necessary to make reliable waterproofing without gaps.
Ecowool is the most unpopular material for warming baths. For him, you need to buy a flame retardant, an antiseptic. Ecowool ignites quickly when exposed to an open flame, it is afraid of water.
Glass wool is a classic insulation that is gradually losing popularity. You need to work with glass wool carefully, wearing protective equipment - gloves, a respirator, glasses, a robe. Glass wool particles can get on the skin, cause redness, severe itching.
Liquid insulation is a good but expensive option for thermal insulation. When working with this material you need:
If it is not possible to call a team that will fill the empty spaces in the walls, floors liquid composition, it is recommended to choose foil material. Advantages:
When choosing a material for warming a bath, you need to pay attention to the requirements that it must meet:
If the material does not meet most of the requirements, it cannot be considered as a heater.
To insulate a bath, you do not need to have any practical skills. It is enough to study the theory, perform the work as indicated in the instructions.
Peculiarities:
The best option for arranging thermal insulation of walls in a bath is to use two layers of insulation. It is important that one be in the form of plates, the other - a roll.
Warming features:
Asbestos slabs can be used to protect surrounding surfaces, but many attendants believe that this material is harmful to the body. It is better to choose an analogue - basalt fabric. On top of it, you can fix a reflective sheet of metal that will shield thermal energy.
Floor insulation process:
It remains to fill the last layer of the screed, wait for it to dry completely before performing the following work.
Ceiling insulation:
It remains to stuff decorative trim for the ceiling in the bath.
For protection, you can use:
The most important thing is that there is ventilation inside the wall. Without it, condensate will accumulate, which will lead to the destruction of thermal insulation, the formation of mold on the wood.
Common rookie mistakes:
Without thermal insulation in a frame bath, it is impossible to achieve an optimal level of comfort. Walls, ceiling, floor will freeze quickly, the heat will not be enough. To restore the level of comfort, you need to properly insulate the walls, floor, ceiling.
