General information and basic parameters of stairs. Optimal slope flight of stairs. What are treads and risers? The height of the passage above the stairs. The height and width of steps at different slopes and the number of steps from Samoilov’s book “Construction wooden house»
The stairs of a wooden house are also built from wood. Being a connecting link between two levels of the house of different heights, the staircase can simultaneously serve as a effective means interior decoration It emphasizes the expressiveness of the chosen style of both the interior (internal stairs) and the architecture of the house (external stairs). Today we can say with confidence that stairs amaze the world with their diversity and novelty. design solutions. You can find straight stairs and those curved at different angles, screw and sliding, folding and portable - this is not a complete list of modern stairs. This is especially pronounced in new mansions, cottages and offices. The appearance, designs and methods of manufacturing stairs are different and depend on the architecture and layout of the building, on the skill of the manufacturer, the materials and tools he uses and on many other reasons
It should be noted that having many useful qualities, the stairs are an object of increased danger. Cases of injury to people associated with the use of stairs occur more often than with other structural elements of the house. Therefore, building a good staircase that meets modern aesthetic requirements simultaneously minimizes the dangers associated with its operation. In addition, moving up stairs is associated with a certain degree of inconvenience and increased physical activity, which is especially important for the elderly and disabled. Many generations of builders and architects have been working on solving these problems. different countries peace. As a result of centuries of experience, a certain concept of optimal design solutions for stairs has been developed, aimed at reducing the level of danger and increasing the degree of convenience during their operation. The basic requirements for the design of the staircase and its location can be summarized as follows:
– ensuring safe, relatively quick movement from one level to another;
– the staircase must correspond to the architecture of the building and the interior of the room in which it is installed;
– the staircase should be located in in the right place in which she does not provide negative influence to operate the building so as not to create inconvenience to the people living in it;
– adequacy of the design and properties of the material from which it is made. Its strength must correspond to the loads that, according to all assumptions, can affect the stairs;
– the width of the flights of stairs must ensure two-way movement (in individual houses one-way movement is allowed).
– the approach to the flight of stairs must be free, therefore the stairs cannot be positioned so that there are structural elements of the building or pieces of furniture in this gap
– the width of the steps of the staircase should be such that the leg can stand on it with a full foot, and the height between the steps should not exceed 17-19 cm.
– each staircase should be well lit along its entire length. This is especially true for the first and last steps of the ladder;
– when designing a staircase, you must adhere to the rule that all steps within one flight have the same size in height and width.
In real conditions, when a staircase is built for a specific family, small deviations from these requirements are sometimes allowed. But in any case, safety parameters in the design of any staircase should be paramount.
Main structural element the stairs is march, representing a series of steps, the number of which depends on the height of the staircase. Under height of the stairs understand its vertical projection, separating the levels of the finished floor and the various height levels (Fig. 125). Depending on the chosen solution, the staircase may have several flights (usually two). The number of steps in a staircase (regardless of the number of flights) is directly dependent on the height of the staircase and steps. The main parameters of the staircase must, first of all, include the rise height, type of staircase, plan area, steepness, number of steps, as well as their width and height. These parameters are not independent, that is, they cannot be chosen arbitrarily. For example, for a straight staircase, the rise height and the steepness uniquely determine the plan area and, conversely, the plan area and the rise height uniquely determine the steepness. When designing, you immediately need to set the values of some defining parameters in each specific case, for example, the plan area, then you can calculate the steepness, which in turn will determine the number of steps.
Rice. 125. Flight of stairs:
h - height of the stairs; b - flight width
The main indicator when calculating a flight of stairs is its slope (steepness), which depends on the width and height of the stairs. In construction terminology, it is customary to call the height of a step " riser height", and its width - " tread width"or "overhang". For comfortable movement along the stairs, it is necessary that the ratio between the distance by which a person rises or falls and the distance by which he moves forward is maintained. This ratio will determine steepness (slope) of the stairs, which should be such that the ratio of the height of the march to its horizontal projection is 1:2 - 1:1.75 (that is, it should be within 30°) (Fig. 126).
Rice. 126. Optimal slope of a flight of stairs (all dimensions in mm):
1 - tread; 2 - riser
Double riser height ( b) and tread width ( a) should be equal to the average human step:
2b + a = 57-64 cm.
The dimensions of the steps depending on the angle of inclination of the flight of stairs are shown in Table 23.
When choosing the slope of a flight of stairs, you need to ensure that the vertical distance from the top plane of any stair step to the ceiling or other protruding elements of the building is at least 2 m (Fig. 127). This rule applies equally to landing. If the length of the interfloor opening is missing or there are transverse ceiling beams It is not always possible to make the stairs flat enough. But by increasing the steepness of the stairs, we automatically reduce the degree of ease of use. Therefore, sometimes you have to make a compromise decision, deliberately underestimating the distance from the ceiling to the plane of the step. But in any case, you should not reduce it to a distance of less than 180 cm. As a last resort, you can sacrifice the slope of the stairs a little, increasing it to a ratio of 1:1, i.e. 45°.
Rice. 127. Height of passage above stairs
Construction regulations provide flight of stairs width(the distance from the wall to the fence or between two fences) is not less than 90 cm, and the distance between opposite walls is not less than 110 cm (Fig. 128). With smaller sizes, moving furniture and other bulky things along a flight of stairs (especially when turning 90° or 180°) will be quite difficult. In some cases, the width of a flight of stairs is allowed up to 80 cm (when the stairs are located in a common room and there are no enclosing walls).
Rice. 128. The most favorable (A) and permissible (B) width of a flight of stairs
Many owners of private houses with stairs ask a reasonable question: “what are these risers for anyway?” On the one hand, it is aesthetic and practical solution, but making stairs with them is quite difficult. In this regard, risers cause a lot of controversy. We will try to answer questions about what they are, why they are needed and whether they are needed at all.
Risers are small boards that are installed at the end of each step and are located, as it were, underneath them. From this location they received their main name. In most cases, risers are made of the same material as the main staircase, but if decorative solution requires a different, for example, contrasting combination, they can be made from a different tree.
Risers are a very important element of the staircase itself. They do not allow the leg to fall in or get stuck. This is very important for older people and small children, who constantly strive to stick their legs, arms and even their heads everywhere to see what is under the stairs.
That is, risers perform both a decorative and practical function.
Some homeowners cannot imagine a staircase without risers. This is a classic element of any large and beautiful staircase to the second floor. If you value good quality and solidity, then risers are your choice. On the other hand, they do not serve any special practical function. In some open-looking structures, they only spoil the overall impression of the staircase.
If you adhere to the classic, blind staircase model, then, of course, you need them. If you have a beautiful, airy and very modern staircase, then risers will be superfluous decorative element, which will greatly spoil the impression of the stairs. Risers are usually installed in classic wooden solutions from expensive wood. In the same time, metal stairs Most of them go without risers.
It is worth noting that the stairs are winder steps may be with or without risers, but screw designs almost always performed open.
Whether to make risers or not is a personal matter for each home owner. The most important thing is to determine for yourself whether you need risers or not, how much appearance your stairs are close to the classics and will they interfere with your movement?
A staircase finished with laminate looks good in any interior, regardless of its style. Not every staircase building material is suitable for creating steps. Sheathing staircase design laminate boards are quite relevant today, since this finishing material has all the qualities needed to create a high-quality surface coating. The material provides an analysis of how to sheathe a staircase structure with your own hands, and also discusses the advantages of the material and the nuances of the work.
Laminate board is a floor covering made from fiberboard (plywood). Rigid laminate boards are quite reliable and can withstand heavy loads, which is possible due to their layered structure. The laminate consists of 4 layers.
The main task of the lowest layer is to protect the material from various types of deformation. This is a stabilizer layer that increases rigidity. In some types of building materials, a soundproofing layer is glued to the bottom layer, this makes it possible floor covering Excellent for eliminating unnecessary sound. The supporting layer is the base of the board. It is created from fiberboard, which has a very high density. It is this layer that is the most significant in the structure, as it performs the most important functions.
If the room is small, then it is better to upholster the stairs with a light-colored laminate
It is in this layer that there is a lock, which allows the laminate to be fastened together.
Also, the supporting layer is the main sound insulator. And finally, the moisture resistance of the laminate is directly dependent on this layer. It is impregnated with special substances that provide protection against moisture. The decorative layer provides visual appeal material used for cladding.
The layer is represented by a sheet of paper on which a pattern is applied that imitates the surface:
At the very top of the board there is a protection layer. This is a special coating with acrylic or melamine resin, which provides protection against mechanical influences. The wear resistance class depends on this layer, but nowadays it also has a decorative function. A texture is applied to its surface, and this better imitates wood, linoleum, and the structure of parquet.
Experts give several recommendations for installing laminate flooring yourself. The first step usually differs from the other steps, since it protrudes significantly beyond the string of the ladder from the side, so it would be correct to make a template from cardboard, according to which the plates will be cut. This way you can save building materials.
If there are no difficulties when cutting out the steps of a flight of stairs, then you can cut the elements for a spiral staircase.
Among the advantages of laminate stairs, it is worth noting their excellent appearance and good performance
It is imperative to make templates. At the same time, you need to measure each step separately and transfer the form to cardboard. If this is not done, there will be a lot of marriage. A durable coating can only be obtained if the structure is completely finished, since the installation is done not only for decoration, but also has a decorative function. A structure sheathed according to the rules will last a long time. This staircase can be enjoyed for many years.
Laminate has undeniable advantages:
A laminate board for a staircase to the second floor must meet the requirements - wear resistance to maintain the aesthetics of the staircase for many years, reliability, since over the years the staircase will be subject to daily loads during use, and an anti-slip surface that guarantees safety when descending and ascending. Laminate for stairs is an ideal and durable option. It will last longer if you arrange a corner and baseboard.
If you want to cover the stairs with laminate, then it is important to understand that the slabs are not able to strengthen rickety steps. They themselves need a reliable foundation. The staircase can be metal, concrete or wood.
And even if the steps are strong and reliable, but there is play, the laminate boards will:
At the same time, it is prohibited to “plant” slabs on glue, as they may crack. The thickness of the slabs should be 6-12 mm, so such building material can become a reliable coating, but not a base. When designing steps sheathed with laminate, the craftsman must ensure that the risers and treads are well secured to the fasteners, eliminating any play.
Before sheathing with laminate, all questionable structural elements must be strengthened.
If any paint and varnish work was done before cladding, then the base must dry and only then installation can be done. As soon as the fasteners are screwed into the wood surface, a small depression remains above the head of the screw. To prevent the fasteners from becoming rusty, they must be covered with choppers ( wooden element) or putty.
Now we need to consider in detail how to sheathe a staircase structure with quick step laminate. Before sheathing, you need to understand that best quality It is possible to obtain only when each step is sheathed with one slab that has no joints. That is, one the board is coming for the tread and one for the riser. Today it is possible to easily buy laminate flooring according to the width of the tread.
If the staircase has many flights, then on the landings you need to arrange the slabs lock into lock.
Any package of laminate boards contains instructions that describe in detail that before installation, a substrate should be laid under the boards. This measure will make it possible not only to insulate the floor, but also to eliminate excess sound. It is possible to use a 2 mm PE backing as a sound insulator. This insulator has undeniable advantages, cost and good elimination noise
To fit the panels to the steps, work well electric jigsaw, which has a saw blade for wood. But, if the elements are semicircular, figured, for example, under a baluster, then you need to use a narrow and reliable metal file.
Panels can also be cut using:
Thanks to the plinth, you can significantly improve the aesthetic qualities of a laminate staircase
After the sound insulator is laid, you can install laminate flooring to the steps. The actual cladding of the staircase structure with laminate is simple work. For this, fasteners can be used, which must be made of non-ferrous metals so as not to rust. It will be sufficient to tighten 1 fastener along each edge of the tread, since the boards will be attached to metal corners.
The risers are also arranged. That is, on both edges the laminate is attached to the base using fasteners. Since the main load on the coating falls on the edge of the laminate board, to protect it, a ladder profile for the laminate is used. If such a profile is not installed, the coating will soon become unusable. Metal corner will also act as protection against damage and maintain aesthetics.
When finishing stairs with slabs, many encounter some problems. The first step usually differs from the others, since from the side, as already noted, it seriously protrudes beyond the bowstring. In this case, a template is used, the dimensions of which allow you to correctly cut the laminate boards in order to prevent excess consumption of building materials.
When covering a straight flight, determining the shape of the steps is not problematic. If you want to cover a spiral staircase, then for each step you need to make a separate cardboard template. The work is painstaking, but the result will be magnificent. All steps must be completely covered with slabs; this is the only way to create a reliable coating.
Listening to advice experienced craftsmen, you can do the cladding yourself and walk on a reliable, beautiful staircase.
Round staircases to the second floor are often a logical solution for arranging bunk apartments and private houses. They have several serious advantages, and only one drawback. Such stairs go around an axis, however, when made from reinforced concrete, the installation support pillar not required. Their main difference from screw analogues is flight of stairs does not go into the spiral, but ends within one circle.
It’s worth buying a round staircase because it has the following advantages:
It is the round staircase, due to its configuration, that fits on small area. Therefore, it is installed in buildings where everyone square meter has the meaning.
The solution is also optimal for minor ascents that are rarely used (to the attic, descent to the basement). Installation costs are lower, because in most cases, less materials are required to manufacture the structure.
Round concrete stairs are considered economical, high quality, and durable. Such a product can be designed taking into account all the features of the object, ideally integrated into the living space and made not only convenient, affordable in cost, but also beautiful. On top reinforced concrete structure you can use any Decoration Materials, general form the interior will look stylish and expensive.
By choosing the decor and type of finishing, it is easy to adapt the solution to any interior style. Big photo round concrete stairs can be seen in the catalog of our works.
Since the entire structure consists of winder steps truncated at the axis, such a shape cannot be made narrow. The length of each step should be less than a meter, and yet you won’t be able to move along it quickly, so it is categorically not recommended to equip such a staircase to the children’s room. In everyday life, such a staircase is suitable only for rooms where you do not need to climb too often.
Safety precautions in such structures are of particular importance: the railings must be comfortable and functional for people different heights. The steps themselves must be non-slip, comfortable in width, and at the outer edge they must accommodate the foot of an adult. To make the descent and ascent comfortable and safe. Therefore, when ordering a round concrete stairs, discuss with the engineer in detail exactly how it will be used and by whom.
The price of a round staircase will depend, first of all, on the choice of materials. However, a well-planned design visually seems light and elegant; it will decorate any home.
The round staircase made by our team will be convenient and safe to use for all members of your family. Call us at the indicated numbers or leave a request for a call back, and we can give detailed advice on the price and features of installing a round staircase to the second floor.
Many owners of private houses with stairs ask a reasonable question: “what are these risers for anyway?” On the one hand, this is an aesthetic and practical solution; making a staircase with them is quite difficult.
In this regard, risers cause a lot of controversy. We will try to answer questions about what they are, why they are needed and whether they are needed at all.
Risers are small boards that are installed at the end of each step and are located, as it were, underneath them. From this location they received their main name. In most cases, the risers are made of the same material as the main staircase, but if the decorative solution requires a different, for example, a contrasting combination, they can be made of a different tree.
Risers are a very important element of the staircase itself. They do not allow the leg to fall in or get stuck. This is very important for older people and small children, who constantly strive to stick their legs, arms and even their heads everywhere to see what is under the stairs.
That is, risers perform both a decorative and practical function.
Some homeowners cannot imagine a staircase without risers. This is a classic element of any large and beautiful staircase to the second floor. If you value good quality and solidity, then risers are your choice. On the other hand, they do not serve any special practical function. In some open-looking structures, they only spoil the overall impression of the staircase.
If you adhere to the classic, blind staircase model, then, of course, you need them. If you have a beautiful, airy and very modern staircase installed, then the risers will be an unnecessary decorative element that will greatly spoil the impression of the staircase. Risers are usually installed in classic wooden solutions made of expensive wood. At the same time, most metal stairs come without risers.
It is worth noting that staircases with winder steps can be either with or without risers, but screw structures are almost always made open.
Whether to make risers or not is a personal matter for each home owner. The most important thing is to determine for yourself whether you need risers or not, how close the appearance of your staircase is to the classics and whether they will interfere with your movement.
The dimensions of the stairs must be chosen in such a way that the dimensions of the steps correspond to the movement of a person when walking.
The dimensions of the stairs are made up of the dimensions of the steps. In the case of spiral staircases, offset steps are required.
Rice. 1. Dimensions of steps
Depending on the step height(heights riser) walking up stairs strains a person to a greater or lesser extent. In addition, it matters how often a given staircase is walked. The height of the step is important size for designing stairs. In this case, you should adhere to the instructions given in table. 1.
Tread width should be from 25 to 32 cm. With a tread width of less than 26 cm, to increase the area where you can put your foot, it is possible to trim up to 3 cm. In the case of massive stone steps, this is possible by using fillets or bevels of the step slabs, which are increased accordingly in width.
Lift ratio is specified as the ratio of the step rise to the tread width in cm or mm (Fig. 2). In accordance with this, the rise ratio of the staircase 17.8/27.4 means that its steps have a rise height of 17.8 cm and a tread width of 27.4 cm. To calculate these values, we proceed from the average human step of 63 cm.
Rice. 2. Dimensions of lifting heights in cm, which should be adhered to when installing stairs
The dimensions of the steps are calculated according to step size rule:
Stairs with a lift ratio of 17/29 are the most reliable, safe and comfortable.
The dimensions of the stairs are determined by calculation.
In addition, it is necessary to determine the width of the flight of stairs and the height of the passage along the stairs.
Calculation of stairs is carried out in three stages. First, the height of the step s is obtained, then the width of the tread a and then the length of the flight of stairs. It must be borne in mind that the dimensions of the steps within one flight on the ascent line must be the same.
To calculate the individual dimensions of the staircase, it is necessary to take into account the floor structure of the lower and upper floors (Fig. 3). The calculated dimensions are the finished dimensions of the stairs. However, for manufacturing, the dimensions of the supporting structure are primarily important. The latter can be calculated from the finished sizes by subtracting the thickness of the clothing floor.
Rice. 3. Plan and section of a straight staircase
For determining march width staircases, the minimum dimensions of the used flight width are prescribed (see Fig. 3). According to DIN 18065, for staircases in residential buildings with no more than two apartments, they are at least 80 cm, and for more than two apartments - 1.00 m. For the width of stairs in public buildings, such as schools, special regulations apply.
As height walking down the stairs in the light it is necessary to take a height of at least 2.00 m in order for the passage along the stairs to be safe. All lying above the stairs building construction, such as floors, beams or flights of stairs, should not reduce the height of the passage along the stairs (see Fig. 3).
U spiral staircases in places of rounding, wedge-shaped steps are formed (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5). Making these steps wedge-shaped is called staggering. This can be done by calculation or graphically.
Rice. 4. Quarter-rounded staircase
Rice. 5. Half Curved Staircase
First, as for all stairs, the number of rises n for the intended floor height is determined, as well as the resulting step rise height and tread width a. The length of the staircase is obtained from the width of the tread multiplied by the number of rises minus one rise.
This is necessary because the upper tread is aligned with the ceiling.
On the ascent line, the length of the march is divided into the corresponding number of treads. In this case, it should again be taken into account that the upper tread lies in the plane of the ceiling. With curved stairs, the rise line in the curvature area has the shape of a circular arc. The midpoint of this arc lies in most cases at the corner point of the inner sides of the staircase or coincides with the midpoint of the rounding of the inner sides of the staircase. When laying out the lifting line on the tread, you should ensure that the corner step lies centrally if possible, i.e. so that the line connecting the corners inside stairs and external corners the stairs would roughly divide the tread plane in half.
General rules for staging offsets
Rice. 6. Length of the corner step and position of the center of the curve of the lifting line
The design process is illustrated using the example of a quarter-round staircase at the beginning of the rise, i.e. at the entrance to the stairs. The length of the lifting line is 3.78 m; The ladder rise ratio is 18/27.
It is necessary to shift steps from the second to the tenth. The design is solved in three stages (Fig. 7).
Rice. 7. Shifting the steps of a quarter-rounded staircase
The width of the steps on the inside of the stairs is determined graphically.
This is done using an auxiliary construction:
The design process is illustrated using the example of a half-rounded staircase. The length of the lifting line is 4.05 m; The ladder rise ratio is 18/27.
Steps 3 to 13 must be shifted. The design is solved in three steps (Fig. 8).
Rice. 8. Offset steps on a half-rounded staircase
The staircase is important element any home. It happens various types, can be located inside or outside the building. The main requirements for such a design are reliability and comfortable use. To ensure that a person moving along this staircase does not feel discomfort, it is necessary to pay Special attention tread and riser sizes.
These terms refer to the vertical and horizontal elements of the step. The riser is its height. In order for the staircase to be as comfortable and safe as possible, the height of the riser should be in the range of 15-18 centimeters, while the double height of this parameter, which is added to the size of the tread (the horizontal part of the step), should be equal to the average human step. According to statistics, this parameter should be within 60-64 centimeters.
SNiP provides the following optimal sizes:
The manufactured staircase must meet the established GOST parameters regarding:
Let's consider the optimal sizes of staircase elements.
The riser can be ready-made or made independently. Today they are often used ceramic products or MDF options, light with dark or white stripes.
Before you begin the actual construction of the stairs, you should definitely familiarize yourself with the most common mistakes that often arise when installing stairs yourself. IN in this case It’s worth highlighting a few.
If they are different, the optimal rhythm of a person’s walking will be disrupted.
Experts in the field of construction of staircase structures do not advise beginners to experiment with calculation work. It is recommended to use proven formulas, thanks to which you can determine the optimal and comfortable dimensions of the structure. It is believed that the total height and width of the steps should be 43-47 cm.
We determine the width of the steps and their number. This parameter is best considered with a specific example.
The stages of performing the calculation are as follows. First of all, you need to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling. In our example, we will take 2.5 meters as a basis. Interfloor ceiling in our case is 35 cm.
As a result, the height of our structure will be the sum of the two previous parameters, namely 2.85 meters. The height of the risers provided for by the standard is 17 centimeters. We will stick to this parameter. It is necessary to determine the number of steps required by dividing the height of the stairs by 17 cm. In our case, the number of steps will be equal to 17 when rounded.
It is necessary to determine the height of the tread based on the area in which our design will be used. There are several options.
Particular attention also needs to be paid to the optimal slope of the stairs. Unfortunately, there are no building standards on this issue. The slope of the stairs is based on the ratio of the riser to the tread. The emphasis is on maximum and minimum height and step depth. Based on these parameters, based on the dimensions of the tread and riser, it can be noted that the angle of inclination ranges from 33 to 45 degrees. When it comes to internal stairs, this value should be up to 38 degrees. When we're talking about about auxiliary or attic stairs, which are characterized by a steeper descent, optimal angle tilt is up to 45 degrees.
You must take into account that the wider the angle of inclination, the more space will be occupied by a staircase structure.
It is important that the parameters of each step in the staircase structure are as accurate and identical as possible. This will allow a person to go up and down stairs without much care, based on the muscle memory of the legs. If established rules are not met, the person will experience discomfort when using the stairs. This is especially acute when the steps have different heights.
IN similar situation Injuries are common. If you carry out correct calculation risers, you can avoid various damages.
Compliance existing standards and rules regarding the construction of staircase structures will make it as safe and convenient as possible.
This process can be carried out different ways. It depends on what material your staircase is made of, taking into account whether it will be hemmed underneath. The fastening parameter is also influenced by the arrangement of the stringers.
There are three main ways to perform fastening. Let's look at each of them.
You should choose one method or another based on your own preferences and the scope of use of the staircase structure.
When building a staircase, be sure to take into account the most effective advice from experts.
Construction of any residential or public premises always begins with a detailed consideration of each structure that will be included in the project. One such structure is a staircase. It can be indoors, outdoors, attics, basements, etc. But its detailed component always remains unchanged, on the basis of which there are parameters according to GOST and SNiP, which any constructed staircase must comply with. When analyzing a staircase structure in detail, special attention should be paid to the flight, which is a continuous series of steps consisting of a tread (horizontal part) and a riser (vertical part).
Please note: presented in one of our previous articles.
The construction of such objects has certain standards that should be relied upon when constructing stairs:
But practical experience shows that slightly different sizes can provide safety and convenience.
It is better to make the number of steps in a flight odd, so that a person’s movement along the stairs begins and ends with one foot. In addition, climbing 18 steps is a very energy-intensive activity, and 11 or 15 is the most best option, after which the person will not suffer from shortness of breath. As for the height of the step, its value ranges from 15 to 18 cm, and the double value of the height combined with the width of the step results in the approximate value of the length of a human step - 6064 cm.
The width of the steps also has certain building standard norms (GOST), which requires mandatory compliance with the maximum and minimum values:
Referring to SNiP, you can see:
As stated above that convenient sizes The steps are those that are in relation to the average value of a person’s step. Therefore, it is advisable to present such calculations in the form of Blondel’s formula:
2h + b = S (60-66 cm)
When providing for an angle of inclination when constructing a staircase, it is worth noting that there are no recommendations from building standards in this matter. However, the slope of the staircase is determined by the ratio of the tread and riser, and focusing on the maximum and minimum height and depth of the step, the angle of inclination ranges from 33 to 45 degrees. For gentle (internal) stairs, a value of up to 38 degrees is considered optimal, and for steep stairs (utility, attic) - up to 45 degrees.
The parameters of each step used in the construction of the stairs must be extremely accurate and identical. This allows a person to use it when walking without special care, both day and night, relying on the muscle memory of the legs. And if this rule is not followed, a person experiences inconvenience when using the stairs, trying to feel each step with his foot. And going down such stairs is quite dangerous.
