There has not yet been invented a light source that could replace natural light. A lot can depend on it. For example, a lack of vitamin K, which is formed under the influence of sun rays can lead to the development of serious diseases. In addition, a person's mood is highly dependent on sunlight. If you constantly stay indoors, you can pretty much undermine your health. That is why windows are needed so that the rays can enter the house. It is impossible to install them at random, so it is important to know the size of the windows in a private house. What are the standards for windows and what should be followed when installing them? This will be discussed in the article.
Most often, windows are made to order, but an opening must already be provided for them, so even during construction it is necessary to decide where and which windows will be located. Several points can be used as a guide:
Proper planning of the house implies a thoughtful placement of rooms. For example, if the bedroom in the house is not combined with the living room or other room, then it is better for it to choose walls that face the northwest or west side. It has to do with how the sun moves throughout the day. By evening, it is just at sunset on this side and you can safely read or do other things. But in the morning the sun will not wake up, because it is on the opposite side. If we are talking not about the bedroom, but, for example, about the living room, then it makes sense to provide several windows different size. At the same time, it is desirable that the living room windows face south, you can place it in the southwest. Thanks to this, the maximum amount of light will enter the room throughout the day.
Rooms are rarely square, more often they are rectangular, so the two walls are long. In this case, it is better to place windows on a larger wall. This will provide more light inside the house. If we are talking about a room with the same wall length, then one window is enough for a small area. The north side is best left for rooms where the presence of sunlight in large quantities is not required. It could be the kitchen or the bathroom. For the latter, the size of the opening can be kept to a minimum so that the heat loss is as small as possible.
Advice! To make it easier to decide what size or how many windows should be in one room, you must adhere to the rule of ten. It implies the presence of a square window with a side of a meter for every 10 square meters of area.
The design of windows may differ depending on their purpose. Of the main distinguish:
The size of the window can directly depend on the design. Special GOST standards have been developed that regulate the size of a window for private houses. The standard height of an ordinary window can be from 0.8 to 1.47 meters. The width for such windows varies from 0.4 to 0.87 meters. The size of windows with two sashes is somewhat different and can range from 0.57 meters to 1.47 meters, if we talk about height. The width is somewhat larger than the previous ones and can start from 0.87 meters and reach 1.47 meters. Three wings require large dimensions, so their width can be up to 2.07 meters, and the minimum is 1.77 meters. The height of this design ranges from 1.17 meters to 1.47 meters.
This is not to say that standards cannot be broken. The figures are rather given as an example, but depending on the individual project, they may vary. It should be understood that increasing the window size should affect which profile will be used. If these are metal-plastic structures, then it is better to use a profile that has more cameras. Neglecting this advice can lead to the destruction of the structure from strong gusts of wind. The larger the window area, the greater its windage.
When building a modern home, the choice of materials is not limited to wood. The same is true with windows. When designing windows, you have to think about what they will be made of. The most common options are wooden and metal-plastic structures. There is much debate as to which is better. Do not rely on someone else's opinion. It is important to weigh all the pros and cons on your own. If we talk about wood, then no one will argue about the environmental friendliness of this material. Due to its porosity, wood perfectly passes air, which means that partial gas exchange is ensured through it.
If the choice is metal-plastic windows falls only because of double-glazed windows, it is worth knowing that modern practice allows you to install them on wooden structures. For better thermal insulation double-glazed windows with a special coating or filled with an inert gas are mounted. There is also the advantage of installing modules with multiple cameras. The price of wooden frames is much higher than plastic ones. hard to find good master who would make everything perfect. natural material needs to be updated with staining from time to time. Mounting wooden structures also requires special skills.
More and more buyers prefer to install plastic products. It is cheaper to replace old wooden window frames with modern profile ones. The time for which the supplier is ready to complete the work on the manufacture of plastic products is several times less than it takes to assemble wooden structures. Plastic products are equipped with a well-thought-out sealing system that guarantees high tightness. It also reduces heat loss, because there are many times less drafts. For mounting finished products you do not have to hire a separate contractor, because the manufacturing company often cooperates with craftsmen who do this work.
Some advantages lead to disadvantages. For example, high tightness means poor air exchange. This can lead to the accumulation of moisture inside the room and the development of mold and mildew. If you do not track this moment, then you can cause irreparable harm to some finishing materials. In order not to face such consequences, it is necessary to take care of the availability in advance supply ventilation. It can be built into windows, be separate supply valve or a whole system of supply and exhaust ventilation. Special metal strips are installed inside the profile. Their task is to stabilize the shape of the frame. Unscrupulous manufacturers can use metal that will harm the human body. This issue must be discussed in advance.
Advice! To make plastic windows last longer, you can make a special visor that will prevent direct exposure to sunlight on the profile.
Wood and PVC are the most commonly used window materials, but they are not the only materials for this purpose. In addition to them, aluminum can be mentioned. Aluminum frames are made in the same way as plastic ones, but have higher strength. Aluminum windows stand out for their appearance. But they have a significant drawback - high thermal permeability. Although strips are installed inside the window profile, which eliminate cold bridges, but aluminum windows lose to plastic and wood. It makes sense to install aluminum windows in an area where the climate does not imply the presence of cold winters.
Pay attention! Modern products made of plastic and aluminum are not left without standards. Regulatory documents were adopted under the number 30673/99 30973/2002 and 22233/2001. These are GOSTs, which also indicate the rules for using fittings.
The choice of plastic windows today has become a whole quest. This is due to the wide selection of different profiles that are available on the market. You have to think not only about the size of the window itself, but also about how many cameras should be in the frame and which double-glazed window to take. It is important to focus in the choice not only on the number of chambers in the frame of the structure, but also on the thickness that the walls have. To make it easier to navigate, all constructions of this type were divided into classes. The highest has a thickness of 2.8 mm for those walls that face the street. The part of the frame that is turned inside the room has a wall thickness of 2.5 mm
The second class is different in that the walls that go inside the room have a thickness of 2 mm, while the size of the outer ones is the same as in the previous version. If a structure from a profile comes across that does not fall under any of these dimensions, then this is already the third class. Windows of this kind are perfect for installation in utility rooms.
The heat loss of the structure frame is reduced by several air cushions. They are in closed chambers separated from each other. In the cheapest solutions, there are only three such cameras. You can install such products in the event that we are talking about mild winters when the temperature drops below zero. If the area is famous for harsh winters, where temperatures can drop to -50°, then it makes sense to think about an 8-chamber profile. The five-chamber profile remains optimal and most in demand. It will easily protect in thirty-degree frosts. In addition to thermal insulation, the air in the chambers of the structure also provides sound insulation. Windows facing the roadway must have a sufficient number of profile chambers and double-glazed chambers so that the house is quiet.
You should not rush into a publicity stunt regarding the number of cameras. The first step is to pay attention to the overall thickness of the profile for the window. If it is too small, then you should not purchase such windows. Thermal insulation will not improve from this. Plastic windows are installed in houses that are assembled in various ways. It can be monolithic or frame structures. And in those and in other cases, plastic windows will please their buyer. For log houses, there is a variant of plastic windows, which are made under a tree. They are brown in color and have a wood texture.
Most Sellers plastic structures They offer free home visits. But it would be nice to figure out how to properly measure windows yourself. It should be understood that there are some restrictions on the area that one window can have. In most cases, this indicator for a plastic window does not exceed 6 m 2. You can choose the height even to full height, if it is convenient in a private house. According to the standard, windows are placed at a height of 90 or 80 cm from the floor.
If the window is to be placed next to a perpendicular wall, then it will be necessary to indent 50 cm, and not install it directly back to back. There must be a distance to the ceiling so that it is possible to hang the curtains, and also not to violate the integrity of the jumper. This size is usually up to 30 cm. For bathrooms and bathrooms, windows with minimal dimensions are chosen so that it is only possible to ventilate the premises.
Professionals measure the opening for the future window, not only from the inside, but also from the outside. This was done so that later the window would fall into place, since the slopes can have certain differences. The design is made somewhat smaller than the opening itself to facilitate the installation process. The width and height of the frame is measured at three points. You need to know the size in the middle, bottom and top. The smallest size will be the width of the window. You can not be guided by this rule if it is possible to partially expand the window opening. A video on choosing a design profile is below.
As you can see, the choice of design for the opening is a responsible task. It is not only about the material, but also about the profile itself. It is important to understand very well the conditions in which the structure will be operated in order not to overpay for advertising slogans. In addition, the ability to independently carry out periodic maintenance of the structure will save on the fee for the craftsmen.
Sunlight affects our mood. Most likely, you noticed that, waking up on a cloudy day, you didn’t really want to do anything. Often it depends on the side on which the windows face, as well as on their number. But the size of the windows in a private house also play a huge role. If you are just planning a construction or major renovation work with window frame replacement, then it would be good to analyze what can be changed in better side by expanding the openings or moving them to another location. What kind standard sizes windows are provided by the manufacturer and standards? What material is best for them? This will be discussed in this article.
The choice of specific window parameters is due to several factors. Before ordering a particular product, you should pay attention to three main points:
If your house has several rooms and the bedroom is separate from other rooms, then usually the west or northwest side is chosen for it. This is done in order to penetrate through the windows less light and the dream was stronger. If this room is used as an ordinary living room, then it is worth considering installing several windows. For the living room, as much light as possible is always provided, and, accordingly, windows, and it is located on the south or south-west side. Rooms with rectangular geometry have multiple windows along the length of the larger wall. If the room is square and small, then one will be enough. On the north side are the windows of the kitchen, storage rooms and sometimes the bathroom. The size of the window may also depend on climatic conditions. If the weather is cold for most of the year, and in winter the temperature drops far below minus, then they try to make the size of the windows minimal so that the heat does not escape through them.
Note! General rule for all areas, from which it is worth starting when choosing the size of windows and their number is 10: 1. It implies the presence of one window of 1 m 2 for every 10 m 2 of wall area.
According to their characteristics, windows can be:
The choice of window configuration can affect its size. The standard sizes of windows for a private house with one sash according to GOST in height range from 80 cm to 147 cm. The width of such windows is from 40 to 87 cm. For windows with two sashes, the height ranges from 57 cm to 147 cm, width from 87 cm to 147 cm. Three-leaf windows are the largest in size, their height can be from 117 cm to 147 cm, and the width from 177 cm to 207 cm. There are exceptions to each standard. Therefore, windows can be made according to individual parameters. But at the same time, it is worth remembering that the profile should be thicker and a double-glazed window with thick glass. Otherwise window construction may not withstand the load due to its windage and simply burst. The above figures are calculated to a greater extent for products that are used in apartments and houses of standard areas.
This is one of the most difficult questions that can arise when choosing windows for country house or cottages. Each of them has its pros and cons that are worth analyzing. If we talk about wooden windows, then everything in them is excellent. Wood is an environmentally friendly material that does not harm health. She is also able to breathe, so there will always be fresh air in the house. Now double-glazed windows with a different number of glasses are also mounted in wooden products, which made it possible to increase their efficiency. Especially when it comes to triplexes. Their disadvantages can be distinguished by a high price for manufacturing, since a type of wood is required that can withstand various weather conditions. Wooden frames require periodic maintenance, which consists in replacing paintwork, which takes energy and additional resources. It is also quite difficult to find an intelligent master who will put them in accordance with all the requirements.
Plastic products from the profile are becoming more common today. Most families prefer to replace their old wooden ones with new plastic profiles. There are several reasons for this. For example, at a cost they are lower than wooden ones. Production times are lower, and the choice of profile configuration is larger. The more profile chambers, the less heat transfer and the greater the protection against heat transfer to the street. They are quite tight, so the likelihood of drafts is less. Installation is simpler and the manufacturer usually handles this. But there are also disadvantages. Due to the excessive tightness of the profile, poor vapor exchange with outdoor air occurs. This can lead to the development of fungus and rot in a house or apartment. Therefore, it is important to take care of exhaust and supply ventilation. They also require maintenance, but it is cheaper. It is also worth keeping an eye on what the stabilization bars are made of so that they do not contain lead. Well, the biggest drawback for products that are constantly exposed to the sun is harmful emissions, so the owners often protect them with visors.
It is impossible not to say about aluminum structures. These windows look very solid. The aluminum profile is superior to the plastic profile in terms of load resistance. It makes sense to choose these windows in cases where a large budget is planned for construction. The profile also requires right approach to installation. If this is not done, then the heat from the house will quickly disappear. The profile itself will turn into a bridge of cold. Such solutions are the right choice for a mild climate. The polymer insert that is inside does not provide the required insulation.
Note! For plastic and other profile products, there is a separate GOST 30673-99, 22233-2001, 30973-2002. There are also regulations that govern the use of fittings and standards for their production.
Choice plastic product implies not only its dimensions, but also the profile used. The choice of the latter is influenced by the size of the opening, weather, as well as the desired double-glazed window. According to the wall thickness, the profile is divided into classes. The first class has the most stringent and highest requirements. Those profile walls facing the street have a minimum thickness of 2.8 mm. Those that are located indoors are 2.5 mm. The second class implies for the outer walls the same thickness as for the inner ones in the previous version, and for the inner ones - 2 mm. The third class or class C includes everything that is not included in the first two. The latter are often used for installation in the openings of warehouses, sheds and other buildings where there are no strict requirements.
Inside the frame or profile, which is attached to the opening, there are special air chambers. Their purpose is to reduce heat transfer by creating an air cushion. This solution turned out to be very effective. The minimum number of them can be 3, and the maximum can reach 8. The minimum number of cameras is suitable for those cases when winters are very mild and the climate is warm. The optimal middle is considered to be a five-chamber profile, which will protect against frost down to -30 ° and more. For harsh winters, you will need a profile for 8 cameras. From thickness air gap soundproofing properties also depend, so if window openings overlook a busy highway, then you should think about 5 and 8 cameras.
The selection of a double-glazed window for a window is also not an easy task. At its core, this is a block consisting of several glasses, which are located at some distance from each other. Holds their seal and metal stabilizer. An inert gas can be pumped into the space, which impairs heat transfer, or air is pumped out for a vacuum. The glass unit itself also has cameras, their number is from 2 to 4. The sound insulation of the window and its protective properties depend on them. For additional protection, glass can be coated with a shockproof film or be fireproof.
Note! When choosing a window, also pay attention to the overall width of the profile. Since there may be a lot of cameras, but they will be small. The number of seals in the window also plays a big role. Do not skimp on good fittings, they will last quite a long time and will not require replacement in the process.
Plastic windows may not necessarily be used only in brick or concrete houses. They fit perfectly into the structure. wooden houses. For these purposes, developed color solutions, which in their structure repeat wood and are perfectly fixed in the opening. Immediately they are very difficult to distinguish from wood. Only upon closer examination, when opening the valves, does this become apparent. You can see more about choosing windows in the video:
In order to place an order for a window, you will need to correctly measure the size window openings. If the house is just being built, then it is important to know the rules for location in relation to other planes. Most people like windows that run from the floor to the ceiling, so they also serve as a door to the terrace. Yes, it's really great if your heating is provided by renewable sources. At the same time, it is important to remember that maximum size one design cannot exceed 6 m 2. By standards, the window should be at a height of 80 or 90 cm from the floor. This will be quite comfortable for someone who sits near it or stands. In the first case, you do not have to lift your head, and in the second, bend it so that it does not rest against upper part window opening, because it is at a height of 230 cm or less.
Usually the window opening and the window itself are not located close to the adjacent wall. The indent should be 50 cm. If the width of the room is 2 meters, then the width of the window can be selected at 1 meter and placed in the middle. It will be ideal. There is also a distance to the ceiling. Depending on the height, it can be 20-30 cm. Different rules apply for bathrooms and closets. For them, you can choose the minimum size and large indents, since the main purpose of the window in these rooms is ventilation, and not the influx of a sufficient amount of light.
Before replacing old windows with new ones, it is important to adhere to the following rules when taking measurements:
To determine the width of the future window, you will need to measure three sizes of the window opening: from below, from above and in the middle. After that, you need to find smallest value and focus on it. This will be the width of the window. To determine the height of the window, the same procedure is performed, but in the vertical plane. From the results obtained, you will also need to subtract 4-5 cm, which will be the mounting gap and the thermal seam. For windows with a quarter, more scrupulous and complex measurements will be required. In general, they repeat the previous ones, but there are several nuances:
The last step is very important, because if it is not followed, then it will not be possible to properly mount the ebb. And it is very important that moisture does not accumulate under the window and the window fittings serve for a long time.
We hope that the tips listed above will help you decide not only on the choice of a replacement window in a private house, but also on the selection of the required dimensions of window openings. Never skimp on your profile and cameras. So you end up reducing the budget for repairs.
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Often a person who decides to build his own private house, is faced with the problem of choice - what size to make window openings in the dwelling and how many of them should be. Of course, in our time it is easy to order frames of any size, but this is an extra waste. Wouldn't it be better to follow the standard window sizes and purchase ready-made frames that will fit perfectly and at the same time will cost much less? It is on the generally accepted dimensions of windows for various buildings that you should pay attention today. And not only general information will help in this, but also the norms established by GOST.
Standard window with one opening sash
Let's start with the fact that these standards do not drive anyone into a strict framework. Everyone is free to make openings such as, in his opinion, will be convenient for him personally. But at the same time, it should be understood that the size of the window, the standard of its width and height are based on numerous studies and are designed to provide optimal natural lighting of the premises, as well as the convenience of its location.
Concerning apartment buildings, then knowledge of standard sizes can also help here. After all, if you measure the frame and order just such new products, they will be small and the installers will have to tinker with the installation. That is why, when determining the value, all more people they do not measure the dimensions themselves, but invite specialists who subsequently mount new glazing. But, if one of the respected readers has already encountered this issue, most often when calling the company for the installation of double-glazed windows, the specialist only specifies the type of apartment building and the purpose of the room where the replacement will be made. This information is enough for him to determine the standard sizes of window openings.
The aspect of the cost of custom windows, mentioned earlier, also plays a very important role. After all, it's not a secret for anyone that in the construction of your own private house in our time, the financial costs are significant. Therefore, cheaper standard windows will be more profitable than custom-made frames and double-glazed windows according to their own sizes and peculiar shapes.
But the windows of apartment buildings also have their differences. After all, if you take the houses of Stalinist construction, then this high ceilings that require larger openings. The complete opposite are the buildings, popularly called "Khrushchev". Let's try to understand what the standards are and how they have changed over time.
Nowadays, compliance with the requirements of GOST for the size of openings is not mandatory. And yet it is worth paying attention to them. After all, unreasonably large windows can reduce the strength of the structure, and this is unacceptable in any construction. Exist sanitary regulations and norms (SanPiN) regulating the illumination of premises. Unreasonably small openings reduce the illumination of the room, which entails not only visual impairment, but also other backfire for the body.
For general information consider a table of window size standards adopted in different years:
| Years of construction of buildings and their name among the people | Size of double-leaf windows, cm | Size of three-leaf windows, cm | Nuances | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1930-1960 "Stalinka" | 115x195 | 170x190 | |||
| 1950-1985 "Khrushchev" | Panel houses | brick houses | Panel houses | brick houses | It should be remembered that window sills in brick houses wider, and therefore the cost of installation is slightly higher |
| 130x135 | 145x150 | 204x135 | 204x150 | ||
| Brezhnevkas that have survived to this day | 145x121 | 141x145 | 210x145 | 141x170 | Of course, the largest windows are openings with three sashes in brick houses. |
Thus, when replacing in standard apartment buildings, no need to check windows size. GOST during construction was strictly observed. As for private houses, independent measurements are rarely taken into account by installation companies that value their reputation. Even if the homeowner names the dimensions of the glazing frames when ordering, usually the craftsmen themselves come to the place to take their own measurements.
For any type of building, be it an apartment building or a private dwelling, a standard window height is usually used. When building your own housing, you can use larger openings and at the same time not go beyond the standards established by GOST. To do this, you can take the height of the openings for the houses of the "Stalinist" buildings. With such dimensions natural light more than enough space.
Of course, if the homeowner intends to install unusual glazing (shaped or panoramic), no one will forbid it. It all depends on the financial capabilities of the customer. After all, a huge glass opening from floor to ceiling (and possibly with a glass door built into it) will look very aesthetically pleasing, if not chic. But it is worth repeating - the cost of such a design will be quite impressive.
Important advice! If almost any work can be done independently, then the installation modern double-glazed windows should be trusted to professionals. Various settings for handles, hinges, and quite high price glass makes installation quite difficult. This does not apply to home craftsmen with experience in similar work.
As for the height of the window from the floors in private houses, it can vary in the range from 0 to 900 mm, depending on the purpose of the room. We will dwell on more accurate data a little later.
Here it makes sense to pay attention to the fact that standard width windows in apartment buildings cannot be changed, tk. outer wall is a carrier, which means that no one will allow to increase the opening. But in private houses, during construction, it is worth paying special attention to this parameter.
Important! Irrational and thoughtlessly increased width of window openings reduces the strength of the structure, and therefore creates a risk of collapse. This must be remembered when designing a home.
Many people want to have a full-wall panoramic window in a private house. But when designing such a structure, it is necessary to have engineering knowledge. In the absence of such, you will have to contact a specialist. After all, some racks are needed to strengthen such a stained-glass window.
Separately, it is worth paying attention to the option of increasing the width of the opening in some houses, popularly referred to as "Brezhnev". For example, in four room apartment it becomes possible to combine the glazing of the kitchen and living room. In this case, the central glass is usually tinted. This is done so that the wall separating these two rooms is not visible from the street behind it. Of course, it is not a carrier, but still there is additional strength from it.
Here it is worth paying attention to the functionality of the room. Allowed in private homes different height window sill for various rooms. For instance:
But this is all that is indicated in GOST, which in our time is practically not observed. Therefore, in private houses, everyone makes openings according to their size, and in apartment buildings, the height of window sills in all rooms is the same and equal to 80-90 cm.
The width of the window sill of a plastic window, as well as structures made of other materials, depends on the thickness of the walls and the options for installing heating radiators. Therefore, there are no specific standards for this parameter in our time.
Now the range of material from which windows are made is quite large. But the most common are:
It makes sense to consider some of the types in more detail.
For wooden houses, the dimensions of plastic windows are similar to those produced for multi-apartment buildings. But this is if we take the standards. Naturally, custom-made frames can be made according to any drawings. But more on that below.
The standard dimensions of a window opening for a plastic window are 1300x1200 mm. If we take, for example, the living room, then there is already a slightly different width. Then such a window will have dimensions - 1300x2040. But still, there is an error in the region of 100 mm, and therefore the exact size standard cannot be called.
The price dependence on the size of a standard plastic window is the most direct. Anyone understands that the larger the frame, the higher the cost. Is there a big difference? If we take the above dimensions, then the difference in price between them will be about 5000 rubles.
Of course, the standard dimensions of PVC windows, or rather their width and height, are prescribed in GOST, but where exactly to look for this and how to be guided during construction or design needs to be clarified. The fact is that each of the norms provided for by this document has its own number. Knowing the numerical designation of the rule, it will not be difficult to find it, which means you do not have to shovel a mountain of documentation. For example, on this topic, you need to look for GOST 30674-99 - the standard size of PVC windows.
Although plastic windows are a fairly popular type of glazing, they are rather difficult to install. The fact is that in addition to their correct installation, special configuration is also required. And the slightest errors during installation, which are not immediately visible, will make themselves felt after a couple of years. And this, you see, is quite unpleasant. It is for this reason that in construction stores windows like this are almost impossible to find. They bring in firms that are engaged in installation and debugging.
Another disadvantage of such structures is the need to replace the sealing gum every 2-4 years. At the same time, their service life depends on the settings of the fittings. For this reason, when building a private house or summer house and planning the installation of a similar design there, openings should be made to the PVC window size standard. The meaning of this is that if it is necessary to replace them, the generally accepted dimensions will cost a smaller amount.
Related article:
Undoubtedly, the classic will never go out of style. And wooden windows have long been a classic. There are reasons for this. First, it's a habit. After all, earlier in the apartments there was no other material. And if the frames were made of aluminum, then this was done exclusively for industrial stained-glass windows.
The standard size of a wooden window is a fairly wide range. It is generally accepted that there is no specific figure in this case. And in general, now wooden windows for sale are unlikely to be found. Making them is easy. That is why you can independently measure the window opening, order the design on almost any furniture production and install it manually.
Important advice! When installing a wooden frame, you must use a laser or conventional level. Also important is experience with mounting foam. Otherwise, there is a risk of frame distortion.
The dimensions of wooden windows with one sash can be 400-870 mm in width and 400-1470 in height. If there are three wings, then the size range is as follows: width - 1770-2070 mm, and height - 1170-1470.
Related article:
Windows and doors made of metal-plastic in our time are quite common, which is not surprising. And although in appearance they are very difficult to distinguish from PVC structures, they have a number undeniable advantages. The main of them can be called great durability and strength. They are not afraid of temperature changes. If a PVC window can lead in the sun, melloplast is not at risk. Worth noting are the various design solutions that can be implemented in them.
Important information! If a window or door is made in the form of an arch or other rounded figure, this is precisely a metal-plastic construction.
Of particular importance is the question of how to choose the right windows from metal-plastic. After all, its cost is somewhat higher than other materials, and therefore no one wants to make a mistake. The main thing is the manufacturer. It is worth choosing the one about which there is more positive information. This can be helped both by reviews on the Internet and the advice of friends who have already installed similar designs.
No matter how patriotic it may sound, but best quality have foreign-made products. As for Russian manufacturers, then often recycled materials are used as a material for manufacturing to reduce costs. And this is unacceptable in the production of such structures and adversely affects the technical characteristics and their service life.
Quite an interesting view of windows made (mostly) from glued wood. We offer to look at several examples of similar structures and compare their cost. All roof frames listed in the table below have single glazing filled with argon.
| Make and model | Control element | Size, cm | Manufacturer country | price, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 FAKRO FTS-V U2 "Standard" | Bottom handle | 55x78 | Poland | 7500 |
 VELUX, GZR 3050B "OPTIMA Standard" | Bottom handle | 78x98 | Denmark | 14000 |
 VELUX, GLR 3073B TIS OPTIMA Comfort "Universal" | Handles top and bottom | 78x140 | Denmark | 24600 |
 VELUX, PREMIUM, GGU 0070 "Classic" | top handle | 78x160 | Denmark | 43000 |
 FAKRO FTT U8 Thermo | Bottom handle | 78x118 | Poland | 95000 |
 VELUX (Velyuks), GGL 307021 INTEGRA® - MK10 | Remote control | 78x160 | Denmark | 89100 |
As you can see, the cost of such structures is quite high. What about sizing standards? skylights, so far they are not available.
Important advice! If you plan to install a similar design, then it makes sense to purchase a window before cutting through the opening. Otherwise, it may happen that required dimensions are simply not available for sale.
The size of a standard tricuspid window has already been mentioned in our article. The only thing to add is the lack of precision in such standards. Any window can be adjusted to GOST standards only approximately, and therefore there are no clear distinctions. Most manufacturers of such products are foreign firms. And the standards of Russian norms and rules do not converge with foreign ones.
During construction, it is worth adding 10 cm to the edges of a window or doorway. Still, it is easier to add a beam along the edge than to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe future window.
As already mentioned, the standards for such structures as windows and doors are a very vague concept. The only thing that is really important is that the dimensions of the window itself should be 20-30 cm smaller than the window opening in width and height. Otherwise, their installation becomes more difficult. It turns out that the standard sizes of windows for a private house are those that are convenient (without compromising the strength of the structure). The largest window openings are made for stained-glass windows. The interior of such structures greatly benefits. It is only important that this does not go to the detriment of strength, but this point is already entirely on the conscience of the designer. In order to make it clearer how such solutions look in the interior, we suggest viewing a small gallery of photos of stained glass windows in private houses.
The dimensions of window openings in a private house are most often made larger than in apartments. The reason for this is the desire of a person to get as much natural sunlight as possible and enjoy the views from the window. It's not very comfortable to sit on a chair in front of a small window, isn't it? It is much more pleasant to sit away from him on a sofa or armchair with a cup of hot coffee. Especially if pacifying large flakes of snow fall outside the window.
There are quite interesting solution for similar situations. Below we present a photo large windows in private houses. They also receive a sufficient amount of sunlight. Well, watching nature through them, although not as pleasant as through stained-glass windows, is also quite comfortable.
Surely it became clear to everyone that the dimensions of the window openings in a private house would be exactly what the homeowner wants to see them. Well, if the house is already purchased ready-made, it is quite possible to underestimate the window sill or try to expand the window itself. The work is laborious, but quite doable.
Important advice! If it is decided to expand window openings, it is necessary to do this without fanaticism. Remember about safety and structural strength. As a last resort, if there is no certainty that the wall will stand after the alteration, it makes sense to simply remove the window sill, making the window “on the floor”. In this case, there is no risk to the building. After all, the main danger for the walls is precisely the expansion of the window.
Wooden houses are good because it is quite easy to underestimate or completely remove the window sill in them. To do this, you need to dismantle the old frame and beat off the plaster (if any) slightly wider than the window to the floor. Beforehand, it makes sense to measure the future opening and order or purchase a frame that will be installed. Further, using a gasoline or electric saw, it is necessary to saw through logs or timber on both sides to the floor. It also makes sense to fasten the logs or beams together (bottom-up) with a metal tire on nails or screws.
Unfortunately, it is unlikely that you will be able to change the size of the window in Khrushchev. Perhaps it will be possible to agree on documents for such work, but only to reduce. And no one needs such actions. It will not be possible to increase the window opening. After all, this will be a design change bearing wall, which is unacceptable in such buildings.
And yet, to update the interior and slightly increase the size of standard windows in panel house can. The trick is to install instead of plastic or wooden frames aluminum frame. But this option, although it visually expands the window, is only suitable for warm regions. The fact is that the thermal insulation of this type of frame is quite low.
Can be glazed panoramic windows PVC balcony or loggia, pre-insulated walls, floor and ceiling. This will allow you to dismantle the window and the door to the balcony, expand the living area and create the appearance of an increase standard window panel house.
Important information! It will not be possible to sell an apartment in this form. To do this, you will have to restore the frame and the door to the loggia. For this reason, it is necessary to think carefully before starting this work.
In fact, the sizes of windows in brick and panel houses are no different. The only thing that can be noted is the width of the window sill. Such houses most often have fairly thick walls. With standard window sizes in brick houses, the width of their window sills can reach 50-60 cm.
If we consider the dismantling option described just above, then for such buildings it is more appropriate. The reason for this is precisely the width of the window sill. With proper interior planning, it can serve as desk or a bookshelf stand. You can even break a small oasis on it. Just imagine how wonderful a green island will look in the middle of the room.
At the same time, the size of the brick "Khrushchev" window visually increases, which also cannot but rejoice.
How many windows should be in the house, their size and location require a clear calculation. There are a few rules about this topic.
Important! When designing a residential building, it should be understood that the living room, like the kitchen, should be located on the sunny side, while on the other side you can place a bedroom, pantries, a bathroom and a toilet, as well as a relaxation room and, for example, a billiard room. Regarding the latter, many may doubt the correctness of such reasoning. But everything is simple. There is not enough natural light for the billiard room. According to SanPiN, powerful lamps should be located above the table. That is why the sun does not play a special role here.
The number of windows, as well as their width, must be calculated by craftsmen with engineering skills. It is up to the designer to decide how to calculate the size of the window in wooden house. Well, the height of the opening is up to the owner to decide.
As for the location of windows in private houses, usually the living room and kitchen have the largest number of them. Natural lighting is also important in the children's room. A large number of windows on will not hurt either. They can be installed without any harm to the supporting structures. The only thing that can become a limitation for home master in this case, it is the cost of such windows. Otherwise, there are no restrictions.
Summing up today's conversation, I would like to recall the following. Natural sunlight is essential for normal well-being. After all, being at work in the office or in the workshop, a person constantly puts his vision to the test. Fluorescent lamps, which are installed in most rooms, adversely affect not only vision. According to research, inner layer Such lighting devices, which convert ultraviolet light into light visible to our eyes, are not able to contain all UV rays. And they not only spoil the eyesight. Also, such lighting causes depression, poor sleep, fatigue and nervousness.
For this reason, being at home, a person should give rest to his eyes, and to the body as a whole. And there is nothing better than natural light for this. It is necessary to increase the number and size of window openings (of course, without fanaticism) as much as possible.
It is worth recalling the quality of the material for the windows. After all, a lot depends on this. It is clear that the cost of branded products will be higher than lower-quality counterparts, but still it is worth considering how much a person is able to save and at what cost. It is unlikely that health is a commodity that can be exchanged for money.
With this we will end today's topic. We hope that the information was somehow useful. If you still have questions, ask them in the discussions below. Site specialists will always come to the rescue. Perhaps other readers will be able to answer your questions.
doorways - required elements any room, and their size depends on how convenient it is to enter the room, move large objects. With a few exceptions, the premises also have window openings, the dimensions of which should provide the necessary level of natural light and access fresh air. Door sizes and doorways, as well as windows are regulated by standards (GOST), as well as building codes and regulations (SNiP).
This avoids confusion in the design and construction to create normal conditions for the operation of residential, industrial and public buildings and structures. The size of the doorway is selected based on the convenience of the passage of people, as well as in accordance with the intensity of movement inside and outside the room. There are criteria by which typical sizes of windows are determined.
Speaking of standard doorway the size of the door leaf must also be taken into account. These are interrelated parameters that affect the convenience of entering and exiting the premises. In accordance with GOST 6629-80, the width of the opening is taken from 670 to 1872 mm, and the width of the door leaf from 600 to 1802 mm. At the same time, blind doors have a slightly smaller width than glazed ones. The height of the openings can be 2071 and 2371 mm, and for the canvas this value is 2000 and 2300 mm, respectively.
There is a dependence that is taken into account when choosing conventional hinged doors. First, the final dimensions of the opening under the door are determined, the dimensions of which are 70-80 mm larger than the canvas. Based on this ratio, the door is selected. Height and width interior doors in accordance with existing standards and requirements less than input. This is due to the need to provide more free passage and carrying large items.
opening dimensions for sliding doors governed by the same standard, while door leaf has slightly different dimensions. Unlike ordinary doors sliding by 50-60 mm more than the corresponding opening parameter. This is due to the fact that in this case the canvas moves parallel to the wall and must completely block the entrance to the room.
For window openings, dimensions are regulated by GOST 11214-86. This standard also determines the dimensions of balcony doors. In accordance with it, the width of the windows can be from 870 to 2670 mm, and the height from 1160 to 2060 mm. The value of these parameters is influenced by the area of the room, the required level of illumination, as well as architectural features buildings in general and buildings in particular. As a rule, the area of the window is chosen in proportion to the area of the room, as well as the size of the whole house.
The size of the opening affects the window glazing scheme, the number of sashes and transoms. GOST 11214-86 also defines the dimensions of doors for access to a balcony or loggia. Balcony doors are standard height 2755 mm, but depending on the number of leaves and the characteristics of the canvas, they can be 870, 1170 and 1778 mm wide.
Windows are one of the important constituent elements that affect the architectural appearance of the building, and therefore they are chosen in such a way that they look organically and proportionately on its facades. Standard window dimensions are used for all standard solutions, although in individual projects it is allowed to use other sizes, allowing to highlight the original architectural solution.
To date, standard window sizes are established by GOST 11214-86 and GOST 23166-99 "Wooden windows and balcony doors with double glazing for residential and public buildings." It clearly indicates technical requirements to structures, types, types, markings and standard sizes of windows and window openings in residential buildings. According to GOST, the standard size of windows is affected by the dimensions of the opening, the material from which the window is made, and its type. Therefore, standardization was carried out in all directions and norms for the size of the opening and windows were determined for a height of 60, 90, 120, 135, 150, 180 cm, and a width of 60, 90, 100, 120, 150, 180. For example, GOSTs offer such dimensions: 560x870 (opening 610x910); 560x1170 (opening 610x1210); 860x870; 860x1170; 860x1320; 860x1470; 1160x870(1170, 1320,1470); 1460x(1170, 1320,1470). 
GOST 6629-88 states that the minimum width of an internal blind door is 670 mm, while the leaf is 600 mm, and for a glass door it is 740 mm. As practice shows, this is not always enough for a comfortable stay. It is worth remembering that furniture may have to be brought in through the opening, and therefore it is advisable to increase the dimensions of the opening. Thus, for a bedroom and other living rooms, door sizes must be at least 90 cm, and the clearance must be at least 80 cm, and for a bathroom, door sizes according to GOST can be used. 
Standard Width balcony door depends on the type of building. For example, the standard width of a balcony door for Khrushchev-era structures was 680 mm. At the moment, there are no strict SNIPs (building codes and regulations) that establish certain minimum standards for a balcony door. Therefore, it is necessary to proceed from the technical possibilities. For example, the minimum leaf width of a plastic balcony door is 450 mm, but if you install such a structure, it will be problematic to pass through it. And therefore the best option an opening with a width of 610 mm is considered. The figure shows various options installation of a balcony door in residential premises.
During the design of the future house, it is necessary to pay attention to the width of the window opening, its height, geographical position at home and the direction in which the window will go. First of all, the area of the opening should provide normal light transmission of the window unit, sunlight should enter the room for 2.5 hours with continuous lighting, and the ratio of the area of the room to the area of the window should be at least 1:8. After the calculation of the area, it is necessary to choose the size of the opening. It is best to refer to GOST 11214-86 and use standard sizes for country houses, since non-standard values will lead to additional costs and problems. 
The standard sizes of windows in a panel house have long been known. For example, if the house is of the P-49 series, then the typical dimensions of the window are 1310 by 1520 mm, if P-46, then 1470 by 1420 mm. But very often the builders made mistakes, and even in the same house the windows can differ in size from each other. That is why it is important to take accurate measurements. To do this, you will need a tape measure and a metal ruler. With a tape measure we measure the width and height of the window, and we stick the ruler down the slope and measure its depth. Thus, the sum of the width of the window and the depth of the slope on both sides is the width of the opening. After you need to check the diagonals, and if they are the same, you can start calculating the size of the window. As a rule, 2-4 cm are subtracted from the width of the opening. As for the height, we subtract 2 cm from the height of the window from above, and from the bottom, the height of the profile strip under the window sill. 
In order to choose the right size of the front door, you need to know the size of the opening, after that you can use the tabular values of the standard sizes of the door and the doorway and choose for yourself suitable option. If the size of the front door differs from the standard values, then you will have to use a double-leaf, or half-leaf front door. It is also necessary to remember that a door that opens outward not only saves space in the hallway, but is also safer. 
When choosing door and window openings, it is necessary to remember certain subtleties. First of all, I would like to note that it is best to design door and window sizes that meet the standards. There is a misconception that more is better. The larger the connector, the heavier the structure will be, and this becomes a problem, especially in a draft. Also very often the fittings fail. As for the window, the main thing here is not to overdo it, as huge windows in small rooms create a feeling of discomfort and insecurity. When calculating dimensions, do not forget to take into account the mounting gap and the material of the box, since the thickness depends on it. 
The design of buildings of any type, residential or administrative and industrial, involves focusing on certain norms and standards. Engineering Communication, door and window openings in any case must comply with the standards prescribed in the documentation approved at the state level. Norms are not invented to complicate life, but are based on certain data obtained empirically and laboratory studies. Window openings are no exception.
The standardization of window openings is designed primarily to regulate the intensity of lighting in the room. The gradation according to the parameters of the openings depends on the purpose of the room. But not only this is taken into account:
Dimensions are calculated based on building codes and regulations, and it simply cannot be otherwise. For each dwelling, the rules determine the mandatory value of the illumination coefficient in our latitudes - south of 60˚ and north of 45˚ latitude. It is assumed that glass cleaning will be carried out twice a year in ordinary premises and four times a year for regions with a certain amount of emissions of combustion products. It is clear that this refers to environmentally unreliable areas. Nevertheless, one can talk on this topic for a long time, but the dimensions do not change from this. The first table is for standard single-leaf windows.
For areas that are located on the border areas with the indicated latitudes, there is a certain correction factor. If the building is located south of the region specified in the standard, then the correction factor will be 0.75. If the house is built to the north, then the opening area should be increased - the coefficient increases by 1.2 times. Lately another important coefficient is taken into account - the number of glasses in the package and the distance between them. The fact is that no one will individually calculate the refractive index of the beam in a triple-glazed window, and the lighting efficiency will deteriorate from this.
For this, GOST took into account such modifications of window blocks. However, there are certain average sizes that are suitable for most areas and most insulating glass designs. The table shows the dimensions for a two-leaf and three-leaf window, approved by GOST.
If we touched on the topic of the area of glazing at home, then it would be simply indecent to keep silent about the aluminum windows that the plastic moved. For obvious reasons - plastic windows are much cheaper. But not about the price, but about the size. And here, elegant and luxurious aluminum windows - on highest level according to the light transmission coefficient. Aluminum windows, by virtue of their design, are simply alien to minimalist design. It is worth seeing aluminum windows once, and you won’t want to look at plastic, although this may be a subjective opinion.
The increased light transmission capacity is provided to windows by the design of specific accessories and fittings. Mechanical and mechatronic hidden systems allowed not only to increase the reliability of the system, but also to significantly increase the glazing area with the same standard openings. Aluminum structures can reach highest quality thermal insulation, noise insulation and burglary resistance according to the European class WK3.
In general, the existing standards for windows, regardless of the material of manufacture, fully cover the need for residential premises in daylight, reacting differently to temperature changes outside the window and in the room. By carefully choosing windows, we will provide a bright, warm and safe home for years to come.
