For large buildings, a gable roof does not provide the required protection and reliability. This design rests only on 2 external load-bearing walls, so the load on the rafters is excessively high. For big house it is better to choose a hip roof, which effectively withstands atmospheric loads and more evenly distributes pressure on the external load-bearing walls and foundation.
The geometric design of such a roof combines 4 inclined planes, the bases of which are the load-bearing walls of the house along the perimeter. There are several configurations that determine the shape and mutual arrangement inclined surfaces.
A simple design, in appearance it partly resembles a gable one: 2 planes are formed parallel to the long walls, which are connected in the center by a ridge ceiling. The opposite gables are replaced with inclined hip triangles. The design is used for large buildings, two sides of which are significantly longer than the other. 
It differs in the configuration of the end slopes. The bases of the triangles rise above the bottom edge of the structure. The remaining space is filled by the pediment. The corners at the base of large slopes are cut vertically. This allows you to create a spacious attic under the roof and install double-glazed windows.
Suitable for square houses or buildings where all walls are approximately equal. The four slopes are triangles connected by their vertices at a common central point. Such structures do not have a horizontal ridge.
The construction of all hipped roofs, including combinations, is based on these configurations various elements into complex structures.
Many country gazebos have the shape of a regular polygon; often a hip roof is erected on them. Why a hip roof is used for a small structure is explained by the practicality and aesthetic completeness of such a design. Build a roof with two inclined surfaces for summerhouse impractical: absence closed gables will leave part of the structure unprotected from precipitation, for example, during slanting rain. The hipped roof wins in this regard.
There are hanging and layered designs. The first type is distinguished by the fact that the rafters lean against each other. This type is used for buildings that do not have central load-bearing walls. The load is bursting. To increase strength, they make ties between opposite rafters, use racks, struts and other devices.
Layered design four pitched roof includes additional rafter supports. They are strengthened under the ridge girder and transfer part of the load to the load-bearing walls inside the building.
Differences between systems: 1) Hanging 2) Layered
The construction of a hip roof requires professional knowledge and experience from the master. Blueprints rafter system A hip roof of this type includes the following elements:
The peculiarity of the half-hip roof is that the lower edge of each triangular slope rises to the height of the pediment, thereby shortening the diagonal rafters. The hipped hip roof is simpler. The frame design includes similar components of the hips and internal ligament. All reinforcement elements are designed for one purpose - to tighten the frame into knots and make it rigid.
The roof with four slopes can withstand high wind and snow loads. In order for the roof to be practical, reliable and to perfectly perform the functions assigned to it, an accurate calculation of all elements is carried out. The slope of the hip roof slopes does not exceed 40°. The construction of a tent system requires an angle of 40 to 60°.
Calculation supporting structure based on the mutual dependence of the span length, rafter step and beam sections. The second parameter is selected individually based on the available material and ease of fastening. In the longest structures, the rafter pitch is 2.15 m, and in most cases 90 cm is chosen.
The distance determines the cross-section of the supports. The further apart the rafters are placed, the thicker the board will be required. The size of the section also depends on the length of the supports themselves. The connection is directly proportional. To ensure that the rafters can withstand bending forces, choose a material with a larger cross-section. For 6-meter supports with a pitch of 90, the cross-sectional area is 75×200 mm, and for 3-meter supports it is only 50×150.
The material for the frame must be well dried. Wood moisture content is limited to 20%. Work order:
A professional approach to assembling a durable frame determines the performance qualities of a hipped roof. Resistance depends on the reliability of the design weather conditions and the service life of the structure as a whole.
Many people like houses with hipped roofs. Even though they require the most materials, and therefore the most money, they are popular. Firstly, because they give even a simple “box” more interesting view. Secondly, because they are durable and reliable. And even though the rafter system of a hipped roof is one of the most complex, it can be developed and made with your own hands.
Hip roofs are the most expensive and difficult to install. But despite this, they were and remain popular. And all because they look more attractive than all other types of roofing, they have a high mechanical strength, resist wind and snow loads well. A house with a hipped roof or even a gazebo looks “more solid” than any other.
Even a simple “box” under a 4-pitch roof looks impressive
There are two main types of 4-pitch roofs: hip and hip. The hip roof is suitable for square buildings, the hip one - for rectangular ones. In a hip roof, all four slopes look like triangles and they all converge at one point - in the center of the square.
The classic hip roof has two slopes in the form of trapezoids that converge at the ridge. These slopes are located along the long side of the rectangle. The other two slopes are triangles that are adjacent to the extreme points of the ridge beam.
Despite the fact that there are four slopes in any case, the design and calculation of these roofs are different. The assembly order is also different.
Hip roofing is much more common - after all, there are much more rectangular buildings than square ones. There are several more varieties of it. For example, half-hip ones - Danish and Dutch.
Half-hip roofs - Danish and Dutch
They are good because they make it possible to install full-fledged windows in the vertical part of the side slopes. This allows you to use the under-roof space as a living space. Of course, compared to a full second floor, there is less living space, but construction costs are also not so high.
The angle of inclination of a hipped roof is determined based on snow and wind loads in your region. The higher the snow load, the higher the ridge must be raised so that the slope is steeper and the snow does not linger in large volumes. In strong winds, on the contrary, the ridge is lowered lower to reduce the area of the slopes and, consequently, the wind load.
Even when choosing the angle of inclination of the roof slopes, they are guided by aesthetic and practical considerations. With aesthetics, everything is more or less clear - the building should look proportional. And it looks better with enough high roofs- 0.5-0.8 heights of the first (or only) floor.
Practical considerations come in two directions. First, if the under-roof space is planned to be used as a living space, pay attention to the area that will be comfortable for use. It is more or less comfortable to be in a room with a ceiling height of 1.9 m. And even then, this is for people of average height. If your height is higher than 175 cm, you will have to raise the bar.
On the other hand, the greater the height of the roof, the more materials will be required for its manufacture. And this is the second practical aspect that needs to be taken into account.
There is one more point that should be taken into account: roofing materials have a minimum and maximum slope angle with which this coating can “work”. If you have a specific preference for the type roofing material, take this factor into account. This determines the height to which the rafter system of a hipped roof should be raised (relative to the walls).
If they make a hipped roof, most often it is hip roof. Let's talk about it first. The central part of the rafter system repeats the system one to one. The system can also be with layered or hanging rafters. Hanging rafters installed “in situ” - on the roof; two people are enough for such work. Layered roof trusses, in the form of triangles, can be assembled on the ground, and then, ready, lifted and installed. In this case, there is less work at height, but to lift and install ready-made trusses, you need either equipment (a crane) or a team of four or more people.
The main differences between the rafter system of a hip roof are in those places where the rafters are shortened (rafter half-legs) and a hip is formed - triangular slopes. Here diagonal rafters are installed, which are also called rafters. They rely on external or internal corners buildings are longer than ordinary rafter legs. Diagonal rafters must be addressed Special attention, since they bear one and a half load (when compared with neighboring rafters). Therefore, the corner rafter legs are made reinforced - they are assembled from two boards, joining them in width using nails. Also to support diagonal rafter legs additional racks and slopes are installed, which are called a truss block.
Another rafter system for a hip-type hipped roof is distinguished by the fact that the Mauerlat is laid around the perimeter of the building, and not just along the long sides of the box. This is understandable - the rafters are located along the perimeter, and not just on two sides, as in a gable roof.
Mauerlat- element roofing system building. It is a beam or log laid on top along the perimeter outer wall. Serves as the extreme lower support for the rafters.
As already mentioned, slanted (corner) rafters carry an increased load: from the shortened rafters of the side slopes and from the hips. In addition, the length of the diagonal rafters of a hip roof usually exceeds the standard length of lumber - it is more than 6 meters, so they are made spliced and doubled (paired). This solves two problems at once: we obtain a beam of the required length and increase its load-bearing capacity. Two paired boards can withstand greater loads than a solid beam of the same section. And one more point: spliced beams for slanted rafters are made of the same material as ordinary rafter legs. It's cheaper, and you don't need to look for special material.
If spliced beams are used, diagonal rafters are usually secured by installing struts and/or trusses (racks).
Sprengel- a special system that consists of a beam resting on two adjacent external walls. A stand rests on this beam, supported on both sides by slopes (the slopes are installed if necessary).
A truss truss is usually not considered, but is made from the same materials as the truss system. For the beam itself 150*100 mm, for the racks - 100*100 mm, for the slopes - 50*100 mm. This can be a beam of a suitable cross-section or spliced beams.
The upper end of the diagonal rafter legs rests on the ridge beam. The exact execution of this assembly depends on the type of system and the number of runs.
If there is only one purlin, the consoles are made 10-15 cm longer than the rafter frame. If such an outlet is too large, it is then trimmed. But it’s not worth making it shorter - growing it is much more difficult and expensive. The slanted diagonal legs will rest at this point.
The rafters are cut at the desired angle and joined on the console. Fastened with nails. The connection can be strengthened using metal overlay plates.
If there are two ridge spans (done if residential premises are planned mansard type), the connection method depends on the material from which the rafters are made:
The lower part of the slanted rafter legs is trimmed horizontally and attached to the mauerlat or trim board. For greater reliability of the unit, you can install an additional oblique beam and fix the corner beam to it (in the figure below).
Fastening - with nails on both sides; if necessary, it can be additionally secured with wire twists or clamps.
Shortened rafters of the side slopes (also called half-legs) are attached to the installed diagonal rafter legs on one side, and on the other side - rafters that form a hip. They must be placed in such a way that the joints do not coincide. Sometimes for this you have to change the distance between the external rafters (preferably in the direction of decreasing the pitch).
Typically, shortened rafters are trimmed and secured with 2-3 nails on both sides. This type of fastening is sufficient in most cases. But, if you want to do it “correctly”, under each rafter you need to make a “notch” - a notch no more than half the thickness of the beam. The rafters are trimmed, installed in the desired position, and the desired contour is drawn on the beam (an uneven trapezoid is obtained due to different connection angles). A recess is cut out along the resulting contour, into which the half-leg is inserted, after which it is secured with nails on both sides. This is a complex knot, and it takes a long time to do. But load bearing capacity such a connection is much higher. There is another option, which is much simpler in execution, but differs little in reliability.
The optimal way to attach the spigots and half-legs to the mowing beam can be considered as fastening them to nails with additional installation cranial bars (see picture above). For this, a beam with a cross section of 50*50 mm is used, which is nailed along the lower edge of the beam between the fixed rafters. In this version, the beam becomes an I-beam, which greatly increases its elasticity and increases its load-bearing capacity.
The method of fastening the lower ends of the rafters depends on what type of rafter system of the hipped roof is chosen - with hanging or layered rafters, and what kind of scheme is used. System with sliding rafters(usually used for buildings for which thrust loads are contraindicated - wooden, frame, lightweight concrete) is implemented using special metal fastenings. They consist of two parts. One is installed on the embedded board, the second - on the rafters. They are connected to each other movably - using a long slot or plate.
With this device, when the load changes, the roof “plays back” - the rafters move relative to the walls. There are no thrust loads; the entire mass of the roof and precipitation is transferred vertically downwards to the walls. This fastening allows you to compensate for uneven loads that arise when complex device roofs (with junctions in the form of the letter G or T).
Rigid fastening can be done in different ways - with a cutout for the Mauerlat/tying board or with a hemmed support bar. Fastening is usually done with nails; it can be reinforced with metal plates and corners.
The connection with the cutout is made if the roof has a hipped roof with an outlet - overhangs. Usually the overhangs are quite large and, in order not to buy long beams, they are extended by adding boards that are nailed right through to the bottom of the beams. This allows you to make the overhangs as long as you want without overspending on materials.
The rafter system of a Danish-type hipped roof differs from the classic hip roof. The difference is in the design of the hip - here, at some distance from the ridge, a support board with a thickness of at least 5 cm is packed. Diagonal double rafters are attached to this board. How low to lower the support board is your choice. But the lower the board is lowered, the smaller the angle this slope will have, and the worse the precipitation will be. If the half-hip area is large, you will have to calculate the load and select the thickness of the rafters.
But the low-lowered support board allows you to place horizontal window sufficient area. This is beneficial if there is a living space under a hipped hip roof.
To prevent the crimp (a board connecting two opposite rafter legs) from bending from downward loads, a short piece is installed - a piece of the same board that is nailed to the post supporting the ridge beam. The same stops are made on the edges of the grooves, securing the short ones well with nails (installation step is staggered every 5-10 cm).
With such a device, it is necessary to strengthen the attachment points of the layered rafters, since the load from them is transferred to the outer pair of rafter legs. Two methods of amplification are used:
If the house has rectangular shape and the hip is not too wide, you can either install struts or make the outer rafters from double beams. Otherwise, the rafter system of a half-hip Danish type hip roof is assembled in exactly the same way as described above.
For square gazebo 4.5 * 4.5 meters made a hip roof covered with soft tiles. The slope angle chosen was “floor material”, taking into account snow and wind loads - 30°. Since the structure is small, it was decided to do simple system(in the picture below). The distance between the rafter legs is 2.25 m. For rafter lengths up to 3.5 m, a board of 40 * 200 mm is needed. A 90*140 mm beam was used for the strapping.
We assembled the rafter system on the ground, secured it to support posts, then installed a continuous flooring made of, then -.
First, we assembled the harness that will be attached to the support posts. Next, we installed rafters that rest on the middle of the frame. The procedure here is as follows: in the middle we place a stand, on top of which the rafter legs will be joined. In this version, this rack is temporary, we only need it for a while - until we connect the first four rafters in the center. In other cases - for larger houses - this rack can remain.
We take a board of the required section and lean it against the stand in the place where they will connect (depending on the desired angle of inclination). We mark how it should be cut (at the top, at the joint and where it joins the harness). We cut off everything unnecessary, try it on again, and adjust if necessary. Next, using this blank, we make three more of the same kind.
Now the rafter system is hipped hip roof you can start collecting. The most questions arise about the junction of the rafter legs in the center. The best way- reliable and not too complicated - take a piece of timber of a suitable cross-section, make an octagon out of it - for joining eight rafter legs (four corner and four central).
The size of the edges is according to the cross-section of the rafter legs
Having fixed all four central elements of the rafter system with nails, we perform the same operations with the corner rafters: we take one, try it on, cut it out, make three copies using the template we made, and mount it.
Using the same principle, we make half-legs (shortened rafters). If desired, all connections can be further strengthened with corners or metal plates, then the rafter system of the hipped roof will be more reliable and you will not be afraid even in the heaviest snowfalls.
We install the assembled system on the gazebo posts, fasten it with nails, corners, and secure it with slopes. After this, you can install the sheathing (in in this case- continuous) and lay the roofing material.
Classic - the design with four slopes remains unusual for Russians, evoking associations with the overseas way of life. They build it when they want to use interesting architectural solutions, to achieve a special effect that is perceived differently; the house compares favorably with monotonous buildings.
The photo of a hipped roof shows a wide variety of options, the main thing is to build in accordance with all the rules, then you can take advantage of the numerous advantages.
Making drawings of hipped roofs yourself is a difficult task: specialists will be able to correctly perform the calculations. The slopes are made as isosceles triangles; when the roof looks like a square from above, it is hipped, and if it resembles a rectangle, the variety is called hip.
The classics include a hip or Dutch roof, which is resistant to adverse weather conditions: strong winds and heavy snowfalls.
The surface of the structure is formed by 2 slopes in the form of a trapezoid on the long sides and 2 slopes with a triangular shape on the short sides.
Many modern architects believe that, aesthetically, a Dutch roof looks more presentable compared to a hip roof. The rafter system is formed by 4 support bars; they descend from the slopes to the upper corners of the structure.
2 types of half-hip roof:
The half-hip combines the characteristics of a gable and hip roof: the end slopes are presented in the form of triangles, the length of the hip is 1.5 - 3 times less than the length of the side slopes.
The design allows for installation vertical window, it does not have a sharp protrusion, characteristic of a gable roof, so the roof can withstand high wind loads.
This type of hip roof is characterized by ease of installation; it is necessary to mount the end slope from below, leaving a small pediment under the ridge.
The Danish design provides the following benefits to users:
A type of roof is installed on buildings with a square perimeter, important nuance– all slopes must have the same shape. The construction of a hip structure is more complex when compared to a hip structure: it is necessary for the rafters to meet at one point.
A do-it-yourself hipped roof is the optimal solution for everyone who wants to save money family budget. Sequence of construction work:
The planning and design phase is time consuming and every detail needs to be carefully considered. No matter how easy the installation of the roof may seem, be sure to make a drawing, which will help identify defects and shortcomings.
If the calculation of a hipped roof is done incorrectly, it will be quite difficult to correct the situation - as a result of the error, the diagonal rafters will not connect at the ridge. It's better to take advantage the best option, prepare a drawing using one of the special graphics programs.
Creating a 3D model allows you to see what the future roof will look like; to prepare a detailed drawing, seek professional help.
The Mauerlat is laid on top along the perimeter of the walls, its task is to serve as a support for the rafters; the material used is 15x10 cm timber.
The slope of the roof is made using rafter legs, standard rafters are made from boards 50X150 mm, diagonal ones - 100X150 mm.
Special tightenings do not allow the rafter legs to move; they are fixed, and their ends are connected at the bottom; a 50X150 m board is taken for manufacturing.
A beam made of timber 100x100 mm or 100x150 mm is a transverse beam that serves as a support for the posts that hold the ridge girder.
The slopes do not allow the rafters to move; they are installed at an angle to the racks; the material used is timber with the same dimensions as for making the beam.
The ridge rests on a vertical post; it is made of mauerlat material.
A horizontal wind board connects the rafter ends from below, it is nailed to the rafters with inside roofing using a 100x50 mm board.
WITH outside structures attach a filly - a board made of exactly the same material.
The most complex element is considered to be the truss; it gives rigidity to the roof, connecting the horizontal and vertical components. The sprengel is made from timber with dimensions of 100x100 mm; it must be installed at an angle.
Rashes or shortened rafters are found only in hip roofs; they are made from 50x150 mm boards.
It is better to make roof hangers from steel; special clamps and purlins are used for fastening; a suspended ceiling significantly reduces the load.
If the trusses are steel, then the floor is made fireproof, prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs are laid between the steel beams, and lightweight insulation is placed on them.
The optimal material for the manufacture of load-bearing structures is large-sized factory-produced panels with high fire resistance.
It will be necessary to make 2 runs if the structure has permanent longitudinal walls or there are internal pillars in 2 rows. When the building has internal supports, perform construction trusses and the ceiling is suspended from them. When the width of the house is large, the structure is suspended on steel clamps to the truss belt below.
The diagonal rafter legs must rest on the ridge; they are additionally secured with metal wire.
When one purlin is made, the diagonal legs are nailed to the console, and when there are two purlins, they are attached to a truss structure made of horizontal beam with racks.
The technology of construction and the design of the roof of houses are formed mainly depending on climatic conditions each individual region. The hip roof truss system, difficult to manufacture, is not suitable for northern latitudes, but is widespread in the European part of the world. Thanks to its advantages, it has become widely used in our country.
In this article we will look at a hip roof, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as some installation features.
Already from the name it becomes clear that a hipped roof has four planes - slopes, this is its main difference from the classic one gable roof.
An important feature of a hipped roof is that the design of such a roof does not include gables, which makes its construction much simpler and allows for significant savings in materials.
It is made of two slopes in the form of triangles and two trapezoidal ones, the rafters are made without fractures, they start from the ridge, the overhangs are the same in height.
Scheme of rafters for a hip roof
Visually it looks simpler, but it is much more difficult to install with your own hands than a classic roof. Consists of a truss structure where the rafters are installed equal length, connecting in one place.
Scheme of rafters for a hipped roof
There are also types of hipped roofs such as - semi-hip, hip-pediment, multi-pincer, diamond and others.
For comparison, the main types of hipped roofs can be seen in the figure below:
Types of hipped roofs; a - hip; b - tent; c - half-hip; g - hip-pediment: 1 - ridge; 2 - hip; 3 - triangular slopes; 4 - pediment; 5 - slope; 6 - valley (valley); 7 - support board
During the construction of a hipped roof, the main technical document is the design drawings. Roofing diagrams can be easily found on the Internet, but if you want to be 100% sure of the reliability of your roof, then you need to contact the designers. The design company will perform calculations based on climatic conditions, wind and snow loads, building dimensions and other important parameters; such calculations will be strictly individual, and therefore accurate and reliable.
The frame of a hipped roof is made of more than one rafter elements- the Mauerlat is located on the main load-bearing walls. This structural part must be mounted strictly in a horizontal position to ensure the exact geometry of the entire building. Ceiling beams are mounted on the support beam; during manufacture wooden log house, the rafters are strengthened on top of the crown.
Name of the main elements of the rafter system of a hip roof
After the truss structure system has been fully equipped, it is necessary to make the sheathing, correctly lay the hydro- and vapor barrier and treat wooden elements antiseptic drugs.
If there is no plan to equip the attic space for living space, then this type of roofing is the most reliable and economical option roof arrangement in a private house.
There are 2 types of hip roofs - hip and hip. The rafter system of a house is a complex structure that requires careful consideration of all components of the structure. To increase the rigidity of the frame, it is necessary to connect individual rafters into a common structure, and the frame must be securely fastened to the building structure.
4-piece design- hip roof, it consists of 2 elements triangular shape and 2 trapezoids. Essentially, this roof is made of 2 parts: a gable roof, partially covering the length of the house, and hips - 3 coal slopes. The cost-effectiveness of this type of roof lies in the absence of gables. Modifications of these roofs are Danish and half-hip roofs.
Unlike the design described above, hipped roofs have 3 coal slopes, connected at one point by their peaks. When installing them, it is necessary to arrange a special truss structure. With a large slope angle of the roof slope, they are called spire-shaped.
Positive properties of a hip roof:
Comprises:
For a hipped roof, a rafter system is installed using hanging and layered technology, depending on the fastening method used. Hanging structure It is more difficult to create and more labor is required to repair it.
It’s easier to make a layered rafter structure. Typically, this design is used if the building has intermediate support pillars or bearing wall in the middle.
The support makes it possible to increase the length of the span covered by layered rafters. Often, this system is used when constructing hip roofs with a slight slope.
The slope angle of the slopes of such a roof should not exceed 40 degrees; the design should use slanted rafters installed in the direction of the corners of the building.
Roof elements of this type are called diagonal. They are the ones who take the main load on the roof; for this reason, they are made from double boards or high-quality timber.
When making such purlins, the difficulty is their length. To increase it, use the method used in the manufacture of prefabricated rafters connected from 2 parts. The joints are supported by a stand, which increases the reliability of the connection.
In addition, for hip roofs it is necessary to install additional rafters, shorter than the main ones. They are used on triangular slopes, installed instead of the gables of a conventional roof.
Structurally, hip rafters pitched roofs a little different. The difference is that in this case hips are not used, since the roof slopes are the same in shape and area. The ridge is also not used here, for this reason the work may be more difficult than when building a hip roof.
It is not advisable to use hipped roofs of large buildings, because such a roof is less reliable.
Such designs are used subject to 2 conditions:
Broken roofactually has 4, not 2 slopes. Most often they are used to enlarge the attic space. This method is well suited for a home in the private sector, due to the fact that with the same area of the building, the living space increases almost 2 times.
Arranging broken roofs, often, a frame is created in advance, serving as a support for the purlins, supporting the legs of the rafters.
In general, the construction of such a roof can be divided into 3 stages:
Features of installing a hip roof Taking into account that the basis of the design of the rafter system are slanted rafters, the roof assembly should be carried out taking into account the following points:
The size of diagonal rafters is usually larger than the size of standard boards and timber in order to obtain the required length, raw material are spliced, and supports are installed under the joints.
First of all, the Mauerlat is attached to the walls of the building, and marking work is immediately carried out. Next, attach the ridge beam using a spirit level and a plumb line. Here it is necessary to maintain its position in planes and height as accurately as possible; this directly determines correct assembly rafter structure.
The support posts are mounted on the jibs under ridge beam. After this, the legs of the slanted rafters are installed. This is the beginning of creating the roof planes of the house. The size of the overhang is immediately marked.
After this, the side roof slopes are created and attached. Intermediate rafters are placed in the places designated for them and the brackets are attached, when installing which it is necessary to accurately mark, in addition to the parallelism of their installation, also that they are strictly in the same plane with the side slopes. After this, the roof sheathing is installed.
The roof of a house can last a long time only if all possible loads are taken into account in the calculations. It is necessary to add up the weight of snow, sheathing, wind exposure, the weight of roofing, waterproofing and insulation.
The accumulation of a large layer of snow is dangerous for the roof of a house; if the slope is small, then a whole snowdrift can accumulate on it. To compensate for the weight of the snow mass, a continuous sheathing is installed near the elements protruding above the roof and the waterproofing layer is reinforced.
In addition, the snow bag, at a normal slope, will gradually begin to slide along the roof slope and gradually reach the eaves overhang. At large size cornice, it may be damaged and even destroyed.
With wind loads, the problem is to securely fix the roof; if the fastening is not strong enough, the wind will simply tear it off. As the roof slope and height increase, the wind load increases, but there are differences in the lifting force and wind pressure.
The wind creates pressure on the roof when its slope is large, and when the slope of the slopes decreases, a powerful lift, capable of blowing off your roof with powerful gusts of wind.
To counteract the effects of wind, it is necessary to firmly secure all roof elements. For example, with metal pins concreted into the walls, to which the rafter legs will be attached.
Weight finishing coating affects the roof no less than other factors. If laid roof covering with a large mass, then keep in mind that it constantly affects the structure. It must be remembered that with an increase in 1 m 2 of coverage, it is necessary to increase the angle of its slope.
During calculations, you need to remember about the heat-insulating material, which can have a significant mass. If you plan to build and equip attic room, it is necessary to include in the calculations the weight of the material used for its interior decoration.
