In stores, you can choose metal doors of different models and sizes. They can be entrance and interior. You can make your own door. This requires materials, tools, skills and abilities to work with iron.
Making a metal structure with your own hands has a number of advantages over buying finished products. With a minimum of costs, you can get the front door to the apartment without alterations doorways. At self-manufacturing metal doors, you must follow the rules of safe work, at each stage, all operations must be performed carefully and accurately. Advantages:
Doing it yourself can save you a lot of time.
Making metal doors with your own hands begins with drawing up the simplest drawings. To do this, measurements of the doorway are made. The width is measured in several places. Then the minimum value is selected. 1.5-2 cm is subtracted from the resulting figure. This size should remain gaps between the door frame and the walls of the opening. The dimension is transferred to the drawing. Similarly, the height of the future product is measured. According to the data obtained, a profile or corner for welding is prepared.
Self-welding metal doors is cheaper than purchasing a finished product. But you can’t make an iron door without the skills to use tools and a welding machine. To work, you need to prepare the following tools and materials:
Other tools may be needed. It depends on the model of the welded structure. Well, if the home workshop has a workbench and a few clamps.
Do-it-yourself iron door at home is created in several stages:
Standard dimensions of the door frame: width - 90 cm, height - 2 m. If these conditions are met, you can make an iron door with your own hands.
For making doors profile pipe or from the corner to the apartment or to a private house material needs to be cut. In cross section, the profile should be about 50x25 mm. The blanks are cut according to the dimensions on the drawing and placed on the welding table. Next operation- measurements of diagonals. Both of them must be equal. When you have achieved such indicators, you can start welding. The finished work is checked again: the diagonals are measured, the dimensions are inner space. If the work is done correctly and correctly, the welds are cleaned.
The canvas should be located in the door frame at a small distance from its inner edges. In this case, the canvas sheet should protrude beyond the outer edges of the frame. Welding of the structure is carried out with short seams. Their length is up to 4 cm. They are located at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other. After welding and testing geometric parameters the seams are cleaned with a grinder and sandpaper.
The cut sheet of steel is welded to finished frame. On the slam of the future door, you need to leave about 10 mm on each side. Sheet right size superimposed on the frame and welded. Work begins with the hinged part of the door. Welding is carried out with suturing inside the cavity. The canvas is welded around the entire perimeter. To give the product greater strength, you can use the installation of stiffeners. The work ends with cleaning the seams and painting the door leaf. Coloring well protects metal from corrosion.
Loops for metal products are made of steel rods with a diameter of about 2 cm. The loops are welded to the frame and to the canvas. The halves of the loops should match with each other. To do this, carefully measure the distance when installing them. Subject to this condition, the door will easily be put on the box and will close and open well. After welding, the parallelism of the profiles on each side is checked. assembled door. Be sure to carry out anti-corrosion treatment.
The structure is almost ready. It remains to insert locks into it. It is recommended to install two locks different type. To enter the bolt of the locking mechanism, you need to make holes in the corner. In the canvas, it is necessary to make holes and slots for attaching the lock body. This is done by the master himself, along with holes for keys and pens.
To give the product a beautiful appearance and heat-shielding qualities, door insulation and external cladding are performed. Used for cladding different materials: vinyl artificial leather, artificial leather, PVC film, leatherette, wood and much more. PVC film can be with imitation of wood texture. Some owners paint products in the desired color and decorate them with forged decorative elements. Profiled metal sheets or elements made of soft materials are also used.
Folgoizol can be used to insulate and improve sound insulation properties. It fits inside the door leaf, a layer is placed on it mineral wool, polyurethane, polystyrene or other insulation. The remaining gaps are filled with sealant. To improve sound insulation, a rubber strip is glued. The entire package of insulation and insulation is closed with a sheet of plywood or MDF, which is attached to the structure with screws or liquid nails.
Installation of the finished door structure is carried out by two different ways. The entrance door can be located in the same plane with the wall. In another case, on the wall on its inner side there are slopes of great width. Most often, doors are installed using metal plates. They are attached to the box in three places along its long sides. The passage is cleared of foreign objects and garbage. The door is installed and aligned in level and plumb. For this, wooden or plastic wedges are used.
A perforator makes mounting holes in the wall. Metal rods 10-15 cm long are hammered into them. Anchor bolts can be used instead of rods. Installation is done like this: the owner himself needs to repeatedly check the quality of the installation. Incorrect installation will cause binding or jamming of the locks. Before filling the gaps with mounting foam, it is imperative to check the ease of operation of the locking devices. If everything works well, the voids are filled with foam.
In cases where the door is installed inside the wall, installation using anchor fasteners is used. In this case, a welding machine is used to fix the door. The finished door structure is installed in the opening and secured with wedges. IN uprights boxes are drilled 3 holes. Through them, pieces of a steel bar 10-12 cm long must be driven into the wall. The remaining ends are welded to the frame. After that, the operation of the locks is checked again, the voids are filled with mounting foam.
The manufacturing and installation technology of the door, with the exact fulfillment of all requirements, is simple. It should be noted that it is easier to make a door with your own hands if 2-3 clamps are used for welding. If you have to cook door structure for the first time, do not be upset by her ugly appearance. Appearance can be changed when facing surfaces. Decorative overlays hide all the flaws of an inept master. The next product will be much better.
Do not use a thick sheet of metal. The product will be heavy. A thickness of 1.5-2 mm is sufficient. The profiled pipe should also be with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm. For the door leaf, you must use at least 4 horizontal partitions. After cutting the elements, the ends should be well processed. Remove all rust from the blanks with a wire brush and sandpaper with large grains. They need to be welded to a sheet of metal with small seams located 10-12 cm apart.
Ready product must be degreased and covered with two layers of primer. After drying, paint the product twice with paint. The service life of homemade metal doors is no less than that bought in a store.
Nowadays, finding a metal door to your liking is not at all difficult. However, some owners, feeling self-confident, make the front door on their own. Usually this is due to the desire of a person to create something different from other samples to suit his requirements, or maybe using specific materials or geometric and design requirements. One way or another, the creation of a metal front door with your own hands deserves special mention.
It may not be the easiest thing to do, but if you have the necessary skills, you can take it on. The more competent the owner, the less time he will spend on work. In order for the process to be successful and without any problems, you will need the following tools and materials:
Steel sheet with a thickness of 1.5 mm or more;
Metal corner;
Door hinges (selected according to the number determined by the strength of the hinges themselves and the power of the door);
Lock, door knob, peephole and other details;
Sheathing material (veneer, plywood, board - depends solely on your preference);
Construction foam;
Anchor bolts;
Welding machine;
Bulgarian with a disk for metal;
Welding table or goats for the convenience of work.
The list is only approximate, since the creation of the door is partly a creative process, and the design of the door may vary depending on the author's idea.
Before starting work, you need to find out the exact dimensions of the doorway. And not just accurate, but complete. That is, a layer of plaster or door frame is an obstacle that must be removed before you get to the concrete or brick end of the wall. You need to get to the real wall material in all four directions, so knock down the plaster or make a cut in the casing with a hammer and chisel.
Usually standard sizes doorways vary between 800-900mm in width and 2000mm in height, but in any individual case, the parameters may be non-standard.
When you have the exact dimensions of the doorway in your hands, the dimensions of the door frame will immediately become clear. The door frame must fit in the opening so that there is a gap of 20mm on all sides. This value is enough to properly install the door in the event of a skewed opening. After completion of work, this gap will be filled with mounting foam.
The first thing to do is to cut the corner of the desired length to size. future box(the length of the shelves can be 50x25mm) and lay out on a plane (a hob is best) in the form of a rectangular shape. You can check the corners of the future door frame for “straightness” by measuring the lengths of the diagonals. If they are equal, you can start welding the corners.
Before you start making door leaf, first make a frame. The frame is made based on the fact that between it and the door frame there should be a gap equal in the overall standings to 20mm in height and 15mm in width. The correct distribution of gaps on all four sides will be indicated below. Next, a corner of the desired length is used (a 40x25mm corner is suitable for this), with which a rectangle is also laid out, and welding begins.
It will be necessary with the help of a grinder to cut a cutout for the lock in the profile. Hammer wooden slats of the desired length into the frame, so that later it will be easier to make door trim. The next step is to weld the hinge profile to the hinges themselves and the door frame. This will make welding easier.
The distance between the hinges is carefully measured, both on the box and on the door frame, since an exact match is needed. After that, we put the frame inside the box and make sure that everything is parallel to each other.
And here is the most important step - the manufacture of the door leaf. Such a part of it is cut out of a sheet of steel that will overlap the opening by 1 cm on each side, except for the one where the lock is. This side should overlap by 1.5cm.
It is important to remove the scale remaining on the edge of the sheet after cutting.
Now we lay the sheet so that the upper and lower edges of the box protrude by 10mm, from the side of the lock by 5mm, from the side of the canopies by 15mm. At several points, the sheet begins to cling to the box.
Next, turn the box over, and our sheet is at the bottom. The door frame, meanwhile, is inside the box. It's time to set the gaps between the door frame and the frame. From the threshold, this distance will be 10mm, as well as from above. On the side where there is a lock, it is 8mm, and where the loops are, it is 7mm.
To fix the gaps, you can use various improvised means, such as metal strips of different thicknesses.
It's time to weld the frame to the sheet. The seam itself should not be longer than 40mm, and the distance between the beginnings of the seams should be about 200mm. Welding is carried out from the middle to the edges with different parties, an inverse step is used. If the future door starts to get very hot, give it time to cool down.
Before starting the installation of the hinges, the future door must be raised above the hob. This will help pieces of a profile or pipe on which the product can be placed.
For the manufacture of loops, a 20 mm steel bar is taken. To make the hinges work better, a ball from a steel bearing is placed in them. Then the loops are assembled and fixed, while you need to make sure that everything is exactly correlated with each other. Once you are sure that there is a clear match everywhere, the hinges are welded to the box and canvas.
The upper part of the loop will be welded to the sheet, the lower part will be welded to the box. After welding the loops, you need to cut off the tacks that attached the sheet to the box.
Now it only remains to clean the welds and paint the finished door - and it will be ready.
The door frame corner shelf is where the cutout for the lock will be made. Moreover, the cutout must be made so that the lock enters there without the slightest gap. As soon as you can put the lock in place, you will need to make markings for the mounting holes, the places where the key will be inserted, for the handle, and others. According to the markup, holes of the required size will be drilled.
Holes are made around the perimeter of the door for 4mm screws, which inside boards will be attached. One of these boards should have a cutout for the lock. The length of the screws is selected within 35-40mm.
Cutouts for the latch and various latches are created only after the box is installed and with the door hung, then the door peephole is also installed.
Not all owners will agree to stop there. After all, you can decorate the door and give it an attractive appearance. Can be used as cladding wooden slats, soft material or a simple film with a wood grain texture. Of course, painting is the easiest option of all. It allows welding of decorative forged elements on top of the door.
original finish metal overlays in combination with bronze painting - a reference to the Middle Ages
traditional upholstery faux leather always gives the front door a feeling of warmth
Soft upholstery gives a seemingly rigid door some softness
Besides the fact that you will save a lot, you will also gain invaluable experience, which can become a starting point for creating something even more complex and interesting.
In the presence of welding machine and even a little skill in working with it would be simply unreasonable to acquire a not very durable Chinese product. The entrance metal door, made by hand, will become more reliable protection against burglary and bad weather. We describe in detail the process of its manufacture.
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Free tool 50% success
Before proceeding with the manufacture of a metal structure, you should prepare the necessary materials and tools for work.
We will need:
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Welding of a metal structure
Even when using standard assembly drawings iron door measurements will be required. Perfectly smooth, symmetrical doorways simply do not exist. Therefore, measurements must be taken with the utmost care.
One measurement will not be enough - you need to take measurements three times, and then choose the smallest number from those received. To measure door leaf goes up, down, in the middle.
The height of the opening is determined in the same way. If the old doors have not yet been removed, it is easier to measure them.
In most cases, the width of the canvas is a multiple of 10 cm - its width can be 70, 80 or 90 cm. Please note that the size of the future opening should be 1.5-2 cm smaller sizes the opening itself. The remaining gaps are subsequently filled with mounting foam. After all, inserting and perfectly aligning a door cut exactly to the size of the doorway will be difficult.
Immediately determine in which direction they will open. According to SNiP, entrance doors must necessarily open outward, so that in the event of an evacuation or transfer of a sick person, it can be opened without hindrance. In this case, you can also save usable space hallway.
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How to correctly measure the width of the opening
The opening side is chosen taking into account comfort and convenience. Traditionally, doors are made right-handed so that they can be opened at the entrance with the help of right hand. But this option can be changed to suit specific circumstances.
After all, the door should open in such a way as to occupy a minimum of free space without creating interference. IN apartment buildings the location of neighboring doors is also taken into account.
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So, we will describe in detail how to make an iron door yourself:
1 After cutting metal corner or pipes according to the specified dimensions must be folded onto flat surface or welding table from the obtained details a rectangle, once again rechecking its dimensions.
2 It is not necessary to cut 45° corners. Strips of metal are connected simply end-to-end.
Strips of metal are joined end-to-end
3 We weld the inner frame from a corner with a smaller shelf size. The distance between it and the frame is 3-5 mm.
4 Stiffeners are welded from the same corner - segments inserted inside the frame.
5 Do not forget to thoroughly clean all seams with a grinder, special abrasive fiber, brush or pickle them with a seam treatment agent. Otherwise, the smallest remnants of metal, and behind it the metal corner itself, will immediately begin to rust. It is more convenient to grind large influxes with a grinder or a file.
6 A fairly common mistake novice welders make is to connect the frame parts immediately cleanly, “tightly”. In no case should you do this - most likely, the frame will have to be trimmed. Therefore, at first you should only “grab” the metal corners, and then align the assembled door frame with a building level, not only horizontally and vertically, but in the corners and both diagonals.
7 Check that all parts meet exactly at 90°. It will be possible to start final welding only after alignment.
Frame with inner frame
8 The next step is to drill holes for the anchors, fasten the hinges. At the same stage, holes are prepared for the crossbars of the locks.
9 For fastening sealing gum, protecting the frame from deflections, small metal plates are welded to it.
10 To insert the frame into the doorway, steel eyes can be welded to it or through mounting holes can be provided.
Finished door frame
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Single sheet design metal door
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Entrance metal structure
Even if the door will be upholstered or trimmed in the future decorative panels, it should be treated with an anti-corrosion compound or painted. For painting metal, it is better to use the so-called "hammer" enamel, made on an alkyd-styrene basis.
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Insulate iron door welded from metal can be expanded polystyrene, polystyrene or mineral wool. When using foam, sheets 4 cm thick are sufficient. Too much density of the material is not needed - because the load on it will be small. You will need to purchase 4 square sheets 1 m wide.
At the time of buying polyurethane foam choose a composition with a minimum expansion, otherwise the foam will just squeeze out. We apply it around the perimeter of the frame, stepping back a little from the edges. Next, the foam is laid. All seams between the sheets, the gaps between the foam and the metal corner should also be sealed with foam. You can replace it with Moment glue or any other suitable adhesive composition.
Insulation installation
At mineral wool or stone wool there is a significant disadvantage These materials are capable of absorbing moisture. metal door with like this insulation will quickly rust. For apartment buildings this is not critical - there is not so much moisture in the entrances. But to insulate street door mineral wool is highly discouraged.
If in the future the door will be finished self-adhesive film, it is not worth covering the insulation with a chipboard. Any irregularities will be immediately visible. Replace Chipboard furniture waterproof plywood. It is attached to the metal with self-tapping screws through pre-drilled holes.
Metal door, pasted over with a film, with molding trim
You can decorate a door pasted over with a film with a molding - decorative strips made of metal or polymer materials painted in wood, stone, silver or gold.
Install massive metal structure one is unrealistic. You will need an assistant.
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Removing the door frame
1 It is more convenient to mount it with the door leaf removed from the hinges.
2 The frame is installed on linings 2 cm high. With their help, the structure will be leveled. If no mistakes were made when welding the front door, and all measurements were taken correctly, it should enter the opening freely.
3 Check with bubble or laser level arrangement of the structure horizontally and vertically. When checking vertically, you can use a plumb line - a weight suspended from the side.
4 After alignment, we wedge the door frame with wooden or special plastic wedges. They are located closer to the fasteners. There should be three on the sides, two on the top.
5 Again we check with a level whether we accidentally moved the frame to the side.
6 There are two ways to fix metal doors. In the first case, the lugs should be pre-welded to the frame. If the walls are not thick enough, through holes are made in the box, into which anchor fasteners or small pieces of reinforcement will be inserted.
Door fixing methods
7 For mounting anchors or reinforcement in the wall, you will need to prepare holes with a depth of 30 cm or more. The size of the drill must match the diameter of the fastener. On it you can mark the depth of drilling with masking tape.
Installation of anchors
8 After inserting the anchors or reinforcement, they are additionally driven in with a hammer. If you need to slightly move the fasteners, insert a screwdriver between it and the wall, tapping it with a hammer.
9 Fastening start from the side of the loops. Then two fasteners are inserted from above, from below and one from the side of the lock. The anchors should not be overtightened - the door frame may need to be corrected.
10 We check with a level whether we have displaced it when driving fasteners.
11 We hang the door leaf. Let's check his progress. In the presence of distortions, cracks, jamming of locks, it will have to be removed and re-align the position of the box horizontally and vertically.
12 If the door leaf is installed correctly, it must be removed again and the anchors finally tightened. First, the bolts are tightened from the side of the hinges, then from the side of the lock. The last - bottom and top.
13 After the final hanging of the web, its running is checked again.
14 To create a reliable sound and heat barrier, all gaps between the door frame and the wall are filled with foam. Its expansion coefficient should be minimal - it is easier to work with such a solution.
15 Excess foam should be removed immediately damp cloth. If you delay a little, after 5 minutes it will be problematic to erase it - the surface of the door will have to be scraped off.
Slope fixing
After fixing the slopes with self-tapping screws or gluing with liquid platbands are fastened with nails. Self-tapping screws are sunk a couple of millimeters deep, and then sealed with putty, matched to the color of the platbands.
According to the standard, its height should be 30 mm. But in most cases, this parameter is not adhered to. The threshold can be made a little lower - about 20 mm. Too high will interfere with the entrance or dragging heavy bulky items into the house. Yes, and stepping over a high threshold is not very convenient.
You can make such a design not only from metal, but also from wood, stone or plastic.
Threshold for entrance door
The metal iron door looks too rough, therefore it is better to finish it with veneer, MDF, laminate, self-adhesive film or painting special paints. Chipboard is not suitable for these purposes - even with inner lining after a year, the sheets will begin to exfoliate.
Very decorative look special powder paints, which are applied by spraying. However, their cost is quite high. Laminate finishing is allowed only in apartment buildings - this material is too afraid of moisture.
Laminate installation
Finishing the iron door can be done MDF panels - they are produced according to the size of the door in the form of one-piece overlays, called cards, including veneer natural wood. You can also order panels in your own sizes.
For quite reasonable money you will receive elite doors, outwardly little distinguishable from products, for example, from natural oak. Very good quality for MDF panels from Belarusian and domestic manufacturers.
Types of MDF overlays
Practicality
|The installation of iron doors is carried out both in apartments of residential buildings, and in baths, garages, adjoining buildings, private houses, providing reliable protection property from thieves and other intruders.
If the purchase of a high-quality metal door is not possible due to the high cost of materials, or because of the need to manufacture a door of a certain size, then with the independent manufacture of iron doors, there is no doubt that the design will be reliable, and the cost of the materials used will not be too high.
Helpful information:
First you need to take careful measurements of the doorway, and also make sure that your walls are made of brick or concrete, and not plywood under a thick layer of plaster. After that, you should display the dimensions of the doors, the installation height of the hinges and the lock, the stiffeners and other features of the product on paper.
Because metal door blocks installed at the entrance to the apartment, then the door leaf should open from the inside out. As prescribed fire safety Entrance door should not create obstacles for evacuation if necessary.
The quality of installation depends on whether you correctly prepare the doorway before installing metal doors. It is important to adjust its dimensions to the dimensions of the door - the more accurately this is done, the smaller the gap between the opening and the door, the more securely install the door. This can be explained by the length of the protruding part of the anchor bolt. If the opening is too wide, then the door is installed in a suspended state - the parts of the box will not adhere to the walls.
The front door with a double-glazed window is installed in private houses. Due to the fact that the light penetrates the window, the hallway will be better lit, and forged elements will give the main entrance a respectable look.
Every person who knows how to use a welding machine has a desire to make a beautiful and reliable iron door with his own hands. This work requires skills, but the product will turn out to be individual, guaranteed strong and durable. The process of welding such doors does not require fantastic financial costs and does not take much time. It is necessary to calculate the amount of material and prepare necessary tools, but first you need to perform measurements and draw detailed drawing future product. We will describe in detail all manufacturing process and sequence of operations.
The preparatory work consists in choosing the design and construction of the future door, since each door is unique in size and can be outdoor or indoor. To understand how to weld a door correctly, you need to decide on the material, fittings and decor that you want to use. In order to calculate the number of components, you need to make measurements and make an accurate drawing. In progress preparatory work the following circumstances must be taken into account:
It is very important to make sure that the box will be attached to a solid opening, and not to wooden or plastered fragile surfaces.
The drawing, made to scale, should indicate the location of the peephole, handles, keyholes, loops (from 2 to 4 pieces), stiffeners and anti-removable devices and mechanisms. To adjust, the door leaf must be smaller than the box, and it, in turn, should be two centimeters smaller than the doorway.
Fast and high-quality work is possible only if there is a convenient and properly organized workplace and serviceable tools. Self-welding of metal doors requires a certain tool minimum, which consists of the following set:
After measuring and drawing up a detailed drawing, you can accurately calculate the amount and name of the metal required for welding doors, as well as select locks, hinges and other components. The natural desire to emphasize one's own individuality can influence the choice of material, and Special attention here it is necessary to pay appearance, hinges, increased secrecy of locks, anti-removable knots and additional locking mechanisms. The standard set of materials for a metal door consists of the following elements:
It is important that the locks have high wear resistance, and the hinges are equipped with bearings to ensure noiselessness and long service life.
The door welding process is individual and depends on the specific project. It is necessary that the parameters of the welding machine allow stable operation at the existing voltage in the network. In order to comply with the required dimensions and angles, it is necessary to consult as often as possible with measuring tool, and also use special welding magnets when working. The sequence of operations consists in the phased implementation of the following main points, namely:
It is important to carry out the production process without haste, carefully measuring the corners and ensuring that the locks, vertical locks and pivoting hinges work flawlessly.
Of course, this sequence does not reflect the nuances of each individual metal door, but the basic scheme is set out correctly. Thickness, dimensions, and hence weight are selected depending on the needs and individuality of each owner. At the same time, it must be taken into account that additional mass will require an increase in rigidity, and this will lead to a greater load on the frame, hinges and door frame.
We talked about how to calculate, mark and weld a metal door with our own hands, about what tools are needed for this process, what sequence of actions must be followed. Quality comes with experience, but you will certainly save a lot of money, as well as make a door to your taste and size. Successful and successful work!