To make your garden look well-groomed, bushes beautiful, fruit trees were healthy and gave a good harvest in the summer, it must be properly prepared for the season. One of these important activities, in addition to whitewashing and pruning trees, is their spraying, and the most effective means Urea (urea) is considered for this purpose. Treating trees with urea solves several problems at once.
Urea is one of the nitrogen fertilizers with the highest concentration - almost 46%. Some novice gardeners confuse it with saltpeter, which can be dangerous to tree foliage. Urea is produced in the form of granular crystals of white and yellowish shades, which have absolutely no bad smell, easily dissolves in water (in hot water up to +80°C the process occurs faster) and is perfectly distributed over the treated areas. Due to its hygroscopicity, it should be stored in airtight containers. Gardeners value urea not only for great content it contains nitrogen, but also for its high rate of absorption by plants. This is especially effective in the fight against harmful insects when every minute counts.
When working with urea, keep the following in mind:
Before you start spraying your garden with urea in the spring, you need to consider some recommendations:
Treatment of the garden in the spring against diseases and pests with urea is carried out as follows:
Surely many gardeners grow in their garden not only fruit trees, but also other plants, shrubs, both fruit and ornamental. They are also treated and fed with urea, which is used both as a fertilizer and as a means of combating diseases and pests.
Standards for root feeding:
Today, urea is the most popular means for feeding trees, shrubs and other plants - approximately 35% of all nitrogen-containing fertilizers. It can be safely called one of the most effective and safe, which is confirmed by the high and constantly growing demand. The cost of urea is slightly higher than that of other nitrogen-containing fertilizers due to the fact that it is not natural, but is obtained as a result of synthesis from ammonia and carbon dioxide. But in in this case We can safely say that the price justifies the quality.
The use of urea in the spring treatment of fruit and decorative deciduous trees is an effective method of protection against fungal diseases and the prevention of attacks harmful insects. When spraying with urea, nitrogen fertilization of plants occurs at the same time.
This organic compound, produced chemical industry, also has another name - urea. The preparation contains 46 percent nitrogen, so it is a concentrated nitrogen fertilizer. Urea comes to the retail chain in the form of white or yellowish granules. The substance has a slight odor and dissolves in water as completely and efficiently as possible.
If urea is used as a fertilizer, the granules are scattered around the tree trunk and immediately buried in soil, because under the influence of air active substances evaporate quickly. Then trunk circle water abundantly.
Using a substance to protect trees, make a spray solution, usually 5 percent. As a result of chemical reactions, the components of urea are released in the form of ammonia, which has a depressing effect on fungal life forms and pests. The product in the form of a solution allows you to treat large areas trees and is well absorbed by plants. Urea is not hazardous to the environment.
Thanks to chemical properties urea acts in several directions.
In the fall, urea is also sprayed on fallen leaves that cover the tree trunk.
The substance is harmless to plants; it is used several times a season. Old trees on which signs of the disease were noticed in the summer are sprayed with urea in the fall.
Spring treatment is carried out three times.
The first spraying of fruit trees and shrubs is carried out with a high concentration of urea.
Used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes different quantities active substance in solutions. When calculating the total volume, we remember that for 10 m2 of garden we use 2.5 liters of working solution. No substances other than copper sulfate should be mixed with urea. This drug guarantees that pathogens and pests will be destroyed.
Before spraying, sometimes trees and shrubs are additionally fed with urea, scattering the granules along the projection of the crown. For apple trees take 0.23 kg of the substance, for plums and cherries - 0.15 kg. If manure or humus was applied in the fall, the norm is halved. In summer, urea is used for foliar feeding of plants.
It is better to dilute urea in hot water, up to 80 o C, - this way the granules will dissolve faster.
A good treatment effect against diseases and pests also depends on proper preparation garden Starting in the fall, all fallen leaves and branches are removed, taken outside the site or burned. They always do this. But the tree trunk circle is especially carefully removed if the plants have been damaged. With this approach, you can be sure that half of the insects overwintering in cracks in the bark of affected branches and leaves are destroyed.
Urea will only be effective at temperatures above 5 o C.
Preventive and therapeutic procedures are carried out based on general recommendations.
Urea will not protect against all diseases and pests, but the effect of cleansing the garden will be significant. In addition, the safety of the product should be taken into account. The use of urea will give a double result: protecting plants and fertilizing them.
To prevent trees from getting sick and to produce a good harvest, it is necessary to carry out preventive spraying every year in the spring. Using copper sulfate and urea, you can create a good solution that will protect the garden from various fungal and bacterial infections.
But what is spraying fruit trees in the spring with urea and copper sulfate? How to prepare a medicinal solution? And what precautions should be taken when spraying? Below we will find out the answers to these questions.
Let's first find out what copper sulfate and urea are:
Spring treatment of the garden with a solution of vitriol and urea is carried out in 3 stages. First you need to prepare the trees and prepare the solution, and then you need to spray the trees.
Preparing trees for spraying looks like this:
Now you can start preparing a solution based on urea and copper sulfate:
Now you can start spraying:
Let's find out the basic precautions that you need to remember when treating your garden with a solution of urea and vitriol:
Every summer resident knows that caring for a garden consists not only of pruning and grafting trees and shrubs, fertilizing and harvesting, but also regularly spraying plants with various preparations and fertilizers. Urea is most often used - against pests or as an organic fertilizer.
Urea (carbamide) is a nitrogen fertilizer; compared to other fertilizers, its nitrogen content is the highest - 46%. In composition, this is an organic compound, although it belongs to mineral fertilizers.
Nitrogen is very important for normal growth and nutrition of plants. They get it primarily from the soil, but if it is sandy or podzolic, then there is little nitrogen in it for nutrition. Plants can also obtain nitrogen from the air with the participation of bacteria and algae, and it can come with precipitation from the atmosphere. But this is still not enough. With a lack of nitrogen, plants grow stunted, leaves become smaller and lose color. The quantity and quality of the harvest decreases, and the viability of the seeds decreases. Therefore, to obtain good harvest It is necessary to provide plants with sufficient nitrogen nutrition.
Most effective fertilizer for foliar feeding is urea. Fertilizer is granules white odorless, easily soluble in water. When applied to the soil, urea is converted into ammonium carbonate in 2-3 days under the influence of bacteria that live in the soil. The fertilizer must be embedded in the ground, because ammonium carbonate decomposes and evaporates in the open air. Urea is easily absorbed by plants and does not burn leaves when foliar feeding, and also destroys pests and pathogens of various diseases.
For pest control and disease prevention best result gives spraying of fruit and berry bushes and garden trees with urea solution 2 times per season.
The garden is being processed in early spring- before buds form, when average temperature air +5-6˚С. Pests are still hibernating at this time. 500-700 g of urea is dissolved in 10 liters warm water, the solution is used at the rate of 2-3 liters per 10 m 2 area. In the spring, spraying the garden destroys the apple blossom beetle, weevils, aphids, and copperheads. It is especially recommended if there were a lot of pests during the previous season.
Dried branches of trees and shrubs are first trimmed, trunks are inspected and dead bark and lichens are removed. It is necessary to clear the ground of fallen leaves, as pests and pathogens can overwinter in it.
Spraying with urea slows down the growing season, and plants bloom 1.5-2 weeks later. This reduces the possibility of defeat flowering plants late frosts in spring. For this purpose, it is useful to treat with urea early varieties fruit and berry trees and shrubs.
In the fall, garden treatment is carried out for the purpose of preventing and treating fungal and putrefactive diseases, scab, in order to prevent pests from overwintering in the bark and fallen leaves. Work is carried out after the leaves fall from the trees - from late October to mid-November.
Tilling the garden in the fall should cover the crown and trunks of trees as much as possible. If there are places on the trunk affected by diseases, it is necessary to give them Special attention. By the way, you don’t have to remove the fallen leaves, but treat them thoroughly with a urea solution. The drug will destroy pests that have settled in it for the winter and pathogens and will contribute to its rapid decomposition. As a result, by spring it forms excellent compost.
In addition to preventive spraying garden crops In spring and autumn, urea can be used specifically against various pests.
There are many means to destroy the Colorado potato beetle. Unlike various chemicals, this method of fighting the beetle is very gentle. Spraying potato tops helps get rid of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, and also serves as additional plant food. To treat potato tops against the Colorado potato beetle, prepare a solution of urea in water in a 1:1 ratio.
To destroy an adult Colorado potato beetle in the spring before the breeding season, potato bait is used. The tubers are finely chopped and left in the urea solution for a day, then laid out over the area where the potatoes will be planted. Cut potatoes attract the Colorado potato beetle, and after eating the bait, the beetle dies. It is also useful to use this bait in the fall, when the remains of the tops have already been removed from the site, in order to prevent individuals of the Colorado potato beetle from hibernating in the soil.
Urea can also be used to kill nematodes. You need to dig a hole, put in it along with the soil the plants that have been infected by nematodes, cover it with urea granules at the rate of 5 kg per 1 m ₃ and cover the hole with uninfected soil. To prevent the nematode from reproducing, the area where the diseased plants grew is also covered with urea at a rate of 200 g per 1 m ₃ and dug up. To prevent the appearance of nematodes during autumn digging, urea is added to the site: 100 g per 1 m2.
The leaves of shrubs affected by aphids swell and curl, making it difficult to fight the pest; some summer residents destroy infected currant bushes. However, to kill aphids on currant leaves, you can use various preparations without the use of “killer chemicals”. To spray shrubs in the spring, prepare a solution of urea and copper sulfate: dilute 700 g of urea and 50 g of vitriol in 10 liters of warm water. Spraying of currant bushes is carried out in early spring, when the daytime air temperature begins to rise above 5⁰C.
Also, to combat aphids, you can treat not only shrubs, but also trees with urea. Garden treatment: carried out in the fall after the leaves fall. Prepare a solution of urea: 500 g per 10 liters of water. The fallen leaves are raked and burned, and the solution is sprayed on the trunk and branches of the trees in the garden. Treating the garden in the fall helps destroy pests that overwinter in the bark of trees.
Using urea you can carry out foliar feeding plants if they show signs of nitrogen starvation: growth retardation, small leaves and flowers, pale color of leaves. U fruit and berry crops Nitrogen starvation is manifested by a change in the color of the leaves; first, the old leaves at the base of the shoots begin to turn yellow, then the young ones. Along with yellowing, reddish or orange shades of color may appear on the leaves. If plants experience nitrogen starvation for a long time, they may experience premature leaf loss.
For fertilizing, the solution is made in a lower concentration than for spraying against pests: 40-50 g per bucket of water. Work is carried out using a hand sprayer in the early morning or in the evening before sunset.
It is also advisable to carry out foliar feeding after the formation of ovaries and the formation of fruits on trees and shrubs, especially if the ovaries or fruits suddenly begin to crumble.
You can use urea to fertilize the soil before planting vegetable and berry crops. To do this, urea granules are distributed over the beds at the rate of 10 g per m ₃ and dug up. It is best to apply fertilizer in the fall so that the beds are ready for planting by spring. If this did not work out in the fall, then in the spring you can use another option for applying fertilizer. You need to make grooves around the perimeter of the bed and distribute urea into them. The furrows are sealed with earth, the fertilizer decomposes quickly enough, and when watering, food will flow to the plants planted in the garden bed.
Urea increases the acidity of the soil when applied. Limestone is used to neutralize acidity.
When working with urea, a number of rules must be followed so that the procedure is effective and does not cause harm to human health.
Preparing the garden for winter is familiar to every dacha owner. It determines what condition the garden will be in in the spring and how many useful fruits it will bear. If you do not treat the garden in the fall against pests and diseases, then with the arrival of spring various infections will become active and cause harm to the trees. To prevent this from happening, caring gardeners carry out preventive work every fall.
Insects hide in the soil, fallen leaves and bark. They try to spend the winter there, and with the arrival of spring they become active. Bacteria begin to actively multiply, scab, spotting and various putrefactive diseases appear. That is why trees and shrubs are treated before winter and not at other times. First of all, they carry out preparatory work, and then they start spraying them . Preparation is carried out in stages:
At the beginning of winter, when the first cold weather arrives, fallen leaves, branches and weeds are removed. At this point, the fruit trees can be sprayed a third time.
There are many different formulations designed for spraying the garden in autumn period. Each of them has its own purpose and fights a specific threat. The most popular substances:
The drug is chosen depending on what pest needs to be destroyed. Experts advise spraying with several substances at once.
Bordeaux mixture effectively fights rust, moniliosis, spotting and other diseases. The drug is able to protect the plant for one month. Preparation of 1% solution:
The finished solution is filtered and poured into a sprayer. It is used for 12 hours. The solution is applied to the leaves in an even layer.
Iron sulfate is an antimicrobial agent that actively fights fungal diseases and prevents the appearance of mold. This unique drug, it contains iron. It has been successfully used in gardening for more than 10 years. Iron deficiency greatly affects pears, apples, plums and other fruit trees. Vegetables and shrubs also suffer from a deficiency of this microelement. The harvest becomes smaller and its quality deteriorates.
When the growing season ends and the plants begin to prepare for winter, they begin to be sprayed. The substance is diluted in the following proportions:
The solution is prepared in a plastic or glass container. The substance quickly dissolves in water and is immediately ready for use. It is prepared immediately before use, since iron oxidizes in air, losing its properties. Lime cannot be added to iron sulfate; it is used only with copper sulfate.
Copper sulfate is a fungicide that actively fights rot, spotting and powdery mildew. The substance is used not only on trees, but also on other garden plants. If the plant grows in acidic or sandy soil, then due to a lack of copper it withers and grows poorly. For prevention, the soil is fertilized with copper sulfate every autumn. With it, pears and apple trees will be protected from scab, moniliosis and phyllosticosis. And pears - from curliness, moniliosis, clasterosporosis, coccomycosis. Treating trees with copper sulfate in the fall, proportions that will not harm the plant:
Urea (carbamide) is a granular fertilizer containing 46% nitrogen. It belongs to concentrated nitrogen fertilizers and is often confused with nitrate. The granules are white or yellow tint and are easily soluble in water. The fertilizer is stored for a long time, as it does not absorb moisture well. Pros and cons of the substance:
Fertilizer must be stored correctly, otherwise it will lose its properties. Do not mix the solution with other substances. And one more drawback that you need to know is that seed germination will decrease several times if the urea concentrate is too high.
Typically, spraying with urea in the fall begins in the first days of October. The second treatment is carried out late autumn. Processing tips:
For fruit trees, too high a concentration of urea can cause burns. Because of this, the leaves will fall off ahead of time, and the frost resistance of the trees will decrease several times. To prevent this from happening, the solution is prepared carefully. Fertilizer is used to treat trunks and is applied to branches and soil.
Special devices help to spray the substance evenly onto the plant. They can be manual or mechanical; any design includes a pump. The most convenient device, it's mechanical. Unlike manual models, mechanical devices do not require constant pumping of fertilizer. Accordingly, the price of such a device is several times higher. What you need to know to properly cultivate your garden:
Trees are pruned every fall. But pruning is carried out only in the southern regions; in the northern regions, the pruned plant will most likely freeze.
