Common materials for building a house are brick, various blocks or tree. There is an equally practical and reliable material from which you can build a house - straw. Straw house, despite the first impression of this type of material, they are very durable in use. The thatched house is very comfortable and... Before starting to build a house, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with all the nuances of such a design.
The main and basic material involved in the construction of a house is straw. It is used in various forms. The shape of the structure and the technologies used for its construction depend on this.
For the construction of building walls, blocks with dimensions of 35x45x90 cm are mainly used. Each individual block first undergoes a process of pressing and drying. After this, it is tied with a nylon cord.
Straw bale house requires the use of quality material. The raw materials used for bales are flax, rye and wheat. The highest quality and most suitable for building a house from pressed straw is rye raw material.
Straw panels - good way build thatched houses. New technologies in green construction involve the use straw panels. The products themselves are manufactured in production conditions and delivered to the construction site. The materials are used in frame technologies and are self-supporting.
A house made of straw panels, which reach a thickness of 48 cm, is characterized by high level thermal insulation, exceeding that of aerated concrete by 5 times. Load bearing capacity panels are also very high, and if a fire occurs, the products do not light up for 2 or more hours.
Clay is added to the straw raw material to impart reinforcing properties to the entire structure. The clay material adds thermal insulation to a building by giving the surfaces of the home properties of the heat accumulator. Houses made of clay and straw are good because they daytime days the walls and ceiling absorb thermal energy, and when night falls, they prevent the entry of cold air masses into the room.
To build such a house, use the following clay mortar recipe:
From straw you can build not only a house of a regular shape, but also a sphere. In such a design, it is important to correctly assemble the frame; otherwise, the use of straw raw materials in any form is allowed. Both straw bales and panels are suitable. The only thing to remember when deciding to build with straw is that the straw panels must match the cells of the frame. They will have to be ordered individually if you want to do the construction yourself.
Foundation for suitable for home pile type. If you build a domed thatched house from blocks, then they must be divided into several layers to high-quality styling them in places of curves. After laying the bales, they are pulled together and plastering is carried out on the internal and outer surface Houses.
Using straw blocks to build your house, you get a very light but durable structure. The essence of the technology for building such a house is as follows:
There is a technology for constructing a thatched house called frameless. It is characterized by the following features:
Construction of a thatched house in combination with clay occurs frame technology. If you want to build a house out of clay and straw with your own hands, then it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the following nuances:
Reference: Before you start laying the blocks, it is important to cover the frame using metal mesh. This technique allows you to plaster the walls in the future.
You can characterize a thatched house by describing its positive aspects:
As for the shortcomings, then finished design does not possess them. The only thing you need to pay attention to when deciding to build a thatched house is construction technology and quality of materials. You cannot make mistakes during the construction process and neglect the condition of the straw materials intended for the walls of the house.
The following list of companies is engaged in the construction of straw houses and eco-houses:
When choosing a technology for building an eco-house from straw, it is impossible to say for sure which is better. Each of the technologies described above makes it possible to obtain durable, reliable design. It is better to start in this matter from own desires and opportunities.
In any case, the costs required will be significantly lower than those required, for example, for a conventional timber frame. For those who like to use only natural raw materials, a technology that uses clay in addition to straw is suitable. If you don’t want to spend a lot of time building your home, it’s better to give preference to straw panels and a frame. For those who want to further move away from the stereotypical cubic-shaped houses, a straw sphere is the best option.
For those who have decided to start building a house from straw, the following will be useful: following points. They will be especially useful for those who want to build a straw structure with their own hands:
Thatched house- an excellent solution for those who want to surround themselves and their loved ones only with high-quality and natural materials. The raw materials used for construction are not only environmentally friendly, but also inexpensive. Considering the variety of technologies used to build straw houses, it is possible to choose one that will satisfy all the criteria of the future owners of an eco-house made of straw.
The first one beyond the Urals domed house made of straw withstood frost and heat, and became a place of power for the owner, and for the manufacturer - a model according to which Novosibirsk region Other eco-friendly buildings can be built. Why will they move from panels and bricks to straw housing, and how “round” does the house change its energy?
One day, Nikita Baranov was tired of working in the advertising business and living with his family in a stuffy “cage” of an apartment made of unnatural materials. He realized that life goes on, and the dream of eco-friendly house doesn't get any closer.
Then he began to look for information about what natural materials could be used to build housing. This is how I learned about straw - the dry stalks of cereals remaining after threshing grain. It is rarely added to animal feed; it is more often used as bedding. But most of the raw materials are not needed by anyone.
Baranov traveled around the Novosibirsk region and discovered about ten buildings made of this material. On the trip, he met one of his future business partners, Vladimir Shutikov, who himself built a house from straw, and already knew from experience exactly what needed to be improved. Then I met Alexei Chikunov, who dreamed of an eco-friendly home and studied European experience. Together they created the Golden Section company and began working on construction technology.
Similar houses were built seven thousand years ago by mixing straw and clay (raw adobe brick) or coating the thatched walls with clay. Nowadays, environmentally clean houses erected with or without a frame, simply laying bales. Novosibirsk residents improved the design: they came up with the ideal geometry of the frame and began to press the rye straw harder. They patent the technology for producing such panels in Russia.
“First, we completely assemble the wooden frame using glue, screws and dowels. We make it from dry planed boards 42 millimeters thick. After this, we press the straw inside and glue it with tar. Then the mesh is sewn onto the front and back sides and plastered. In this form, the panels are sent to the construction site,” says Baranov.
According to him, straw panels in terms of heat transfer resistance (heat transfer through the enclosing structure from the environment interacting with it) of enclosing structures exceed twice the required level specified in SNIP for Siberia and are close to 8 °C/W.
The most energy-efficient material is polystyrene foam, but it does not breathe, burns well and emits harmful gases. Therefore, compare with him environmental materials there is no point in housing. The closest properties to straw will be wood.
"But the timber natural humidity cold, it will wear out over time, it will crack. drown wooden house will happen quite often. It is insulated, each material reacts to humidity in its own way, they begin to walk against each other, which leads to destruction. The second option is profiled laminated veneer lumber. They say that the glue is environmentally friendly. But if the timber is soaked, then you breathe this glue,” says the interlocutor.
Photo: © courtesy of Nikita Baranov
Straw creates space for air in the panel, reflects heat, and therefore is very good insulation. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.057 W/(m*K), which, with a thickness of 27 centimeters, is equivalent to 90 centimeters of a wall made of timber or 260 centimeters of brick. And due to the fact that it draws moisture from the straw clay plaster, the material does not rot yet. In addition, experiments with rodents have shown that they do not try to chew through the clay layer.
To dispel the myth that straw is a fire hazard, the team invited people to set the panel on fire with a torch and see the result for themselves. The entrepreneurs promised that if the panel caught fire, they would build a house for the test participant free of charge. But none of the critics even tried. And the panels have passed fire safety tests - they hold an open flame for 30 minutes. This effect is achieved thanks to the clay with which the frame is coated; when heated, it turns into stone.
“We have returned to the experience of our ancestors. Grandparents who saw our show house came in and called it a mud house. One grandmother told me that her mother’s straw house stood during the whole war, shells hit her, she had nothing, that the houses were reliable and warm. In Europe there is a school made of straw, which is almost 200 years old...” continues Baranov.
For construction, rye straw is used, which is not suitable for animal feed and bedding. Rye is grown only in two farms in the Novosibirsk region in the Iskitim and Mochishchensky districts, but so far there is enough raw material.
TO today the company built three straw houses. One is for Vladimir Shutikov, the second is an exhibition house, which has already been purchased, and the first domed house in Siberia in Akademgorodok. In the near future there are plans to build two two-story houses with an area of 115 square meters in the village of Mira (Oktyabrsky village in the Moshkovsky district), the cost of such buildings will be 3 million rubles without finishing.
The Gorki Academpark cottage community is not fully populated; most of the houses are under construction. Among the standard shape of houses, a domed structure, similar to a small mushroom, stands out. It was assembled and plastered in two months.
When you go inside, you are surprised by the spaciousness. What looked small on the outside is 170 square meters on the inside. This is a two-story house. On the first floor there is a hall, a bathroom and a toilet, a future living room and an office for the owner, and on the second there are two bedrooms.
Guests are greeted not only unusual interior, but also the aroma of cedar, which decorates the walls of the room. So the owner of the house, general director of the Golden Mean company, Sergei Borodin, combined two dreams: a house made of cedar and straw.
“I wanted to build a healthy house, as environmentally friendly as possible. Form matters too. Yogis love to meditate in houses of this shape. It is believed that all energies are amplified in it. It’s better to spy on nature, but everything in the world is round: planets, molecules, the mother’s womb, an egg,” explains the owner.
He was looking for a house that “breathes” and found that straw coated with clay was five times more permeable to vapor than wood. Clay allows you to maintain the healthiest humidity inside, around 50-60%, even in severe frost; it gives moisture inside in winter and takes it away in summer, when there is more of it. Last winter, when February frosts reached 45 degrees, it was warm in the round house, and the humidity did not drop below 50%.
Until gas is connected to the room, it is heated by underfloor heating from electricity, there are no batteries. But the owner claims that the electricity bills do not exceed 2.5 thousand rubles per month. And with gas they will be below a thousand.
“... People do what they are told, what they are used to. They forget how to think, do not show creativity, the result is a society of stagnation, and it becomes easy to manage people like a herd...,” says Baranov, adding that he really wants people to live in beautiful houses so that they think about it, and not do it as usual.
He is even ready to give anyone advice on how to save money during construction. The house, including decoration, cost him approximately 7 million rubles. This amount is mainly due to the powerful foundation, which can support a five-story building, and the thick cedar trim of the walls. But, according to him, if you wish, you can keep it to 3-5 million.
Ecology of consumption. Estate: One of the main advantages of straw domed house is the ability of enclosing structures to accumulate and release thermal energy.
Thermal inertia is the ability of materials to accumulate and release thermal energy.
In construction, the thermal inertia of enclosing structures is determined by the formula:
D = R1 s1 + R2 s2 + … + Rn sn,
where R1, R2, …, Rn - thermal resistances individual layers of the building envelope;
s1, s2, …, sn - calculated coefficients heat absorption of the material of individual layers of the enclosing structure.
Everyone knows that stones heat up well and give off heat for a long time, so they are readily used to create microclimatic zones in construction, gardening, pond farming, etc. The stones have a large volume weight, this is what allows them to be thermal energy accumulators.
The ability of materials to accumulate heat, according to the above formula, is determined by the heat absorption coefficient.
Granite has the largest heat absorption coefficient s, polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam have the smallest.
From here we see a direct dependence of the heat absorption of the material on its weight. The heavier the material, the better it accumulates heat. Polyurethane foam is an effective insulation; it consists of air, so it actually has no ability to heat up.
Now let's look at how different materials, from which people build houses, behave in enclosing structures.
1. If the walls of the house consist of heavy materials - brick, concrete, adobe, etc., then they accumulate heat well and release it for a long time. But due to their high thermal conductivity, they transfer heat mostly to the street. Therefore, such walls in cold climates are cold and damp due to condensation at the dew point. The situation changes radically when such massive walls are well insulated from the outside, for example with polystyrene foam. The heat accumulated by the walls does not escape outside and works for the owners, allowing them to spend less money on heating the house.
2. If the walls of the house consist only of effective insulation - frame houses with mineral wool, houses made of sip panels, etc., then in fact such walls are deprived of the ability to accumulate heat. Warm air it quickly blows out during airing or ventilation and has to be heated again, essentially wasting money. For creating comfortable conditions residence and favorable climate in such houses it is necessary to use massive elements, such as a brick oven, brick partitions, concrete or adobe floor, etc. These elements will accumulate heat and release it when necessary.
And finally, about the thatched domed house. What do we have here?
We have a thick layer of effective insulation - 45cm thick pressed straw and a layer interior plaster thickness 5-10cm. For example, a dome 10 m in diameter with a riser of 1 m has an area inner surface about 200 m2, with a plaster layer thickness of 5 cm, the mass of this layer will be about 20 tons, which corresponds to the weight of the straw walls themselves, and with a thickness of 10 cm - 2 times greater than it. This is a good thermal mass that creates comfort and coziness in the house, saving time and money for the owners.
Homes made from straw and mud are becoming increasingly popular. We present to you a selection of the best articles about thatched houses that we have published this year.
This cozy family house was built in just 6 months by Serbian architect Vuk Kristic from wood, straw, clay and reeds. In record time, Vuk and his wife Marina sold their apartment in Belgrade and bought a plot of land in the southern province of Vojvodina for permaculture farming.
Slovak studio Createrra has built the first domed house made from straw bales. The house is illuminated through 7 large round windows and is covered with a green roof, and in winter you can freely slide down on a sled and kiteboard.
Canadian architect Nicholas Koff decided to show the world that a straw house is not only healthy and sustainable, but also stylish. His customers were a family of doctors who want to grow old in a healthy home.
The Danish ecovillage Fri & Fro (free and happy) has an unusual thatched house with a spiral roof. Its owner, Paula Lin, was inspired to build the house after finding a large shell on a beach in Malaysia.
This straw house for two was built by Cobworks on Main Island back in 1999 and was the first house in Canada to receive approval local authorities. It is not only made from environmentally friendly pure materials, but also has a beautiful prehistory.
Straw houses will no longer be a curiosity; the architectural company Modcell has proven that their houses can save up to 90% on heating costs. Today there are already 7 straw bale houses for sale in Bristol and they are much cheaper than usual brick houses. The creators of thatched houses call them their contribution to cleansing the planet of dangerous carbon dioxide emissions.
What should green housing look like? Affordable, compact, energy efficient and quickly erected. We decided to develop our own version of a compact eco-friendly house made from straw blocks. So, meet the project of a modular eco-house for 2 people...
In Spain they offered new method construction of straw houses using pressed straw bricks. They are significantly lighter than straw panels and are ideal for those building their own home.
The selection of these houses is especially close to my heart, since it was collected in Podolia, my small homeland. I spent my early childhood in one of these huts and I have very warm memories associated with them. Vinnytsia artist Vladimir Kozyuk collected this photo collection for 13 years, for which he is deeply grateful.