Filimonov Evgeny

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How is a frame house. Stages of work. Step-by-step instruction construction. Myths of skeletons. Types of materials for interior and exterior decoration.

Before creating a wooden house, you need to know the device in detail frame house. What are the features of creating a foundation. How is the construction of a frame house. What does the device of frame walls look like. Recommendations for frame construction. What are the advantages and disadvantages of frame walls. Construction features frame structures. How is the work on the corners and the upper overlap.

How finishing is done. How do internal work in a frame house. Peculiarities outer skin. Wall thickness varies by region. How is waterproofing and vapor barrier. What does vinyl mean? metal siding. The nuances of lining and blockhouse. When using brick, tile and plaster. Nuances of use artificial stone and thermal panels.

Technology for the construction of skeletons according to Canadian and Finnish technology. Step-by-step instructions for the construction of a frame structure. Myths about frame buildings.

Frame housing construction is notable for the fact that houses are built very quickly.

They can be placed on almost any soil due to their low weight. There is an opinion that frame houses are temporary houses. However, it is not. If the building is erected according to all the rules, it costs quite a long time, and it is convenient to live in it.

It is not difficult to build such a house even by yourself. But for this you need to know the structure of the frame house.

Like every house, a frame house also begins with a foundation. Since the weight of the building is small, a shallow strip foundation is usually constructed, which is inexpensive and easy to do.

For the construction of the foundation, a site is marked in the place where the house will stand. The site is being leveled. Marking is done with rope and pegs.

The strip foundation is called strip foundation because it is a concrete strip that runs under each wall of the future house.

If the soil is good, then it is enough to deepen the strip foundation by 80 cm - 1 meter. But still, it is recommended to deepen the foundation to the depth of soil freezing. For Russia, middle lane, it is 1.5 meters.

According to the markup, trenches are dug to the desired depth. Crushed stone is poured at the bottom of the trench, and sand is poured on top of it. Such a pillow is carefully compacted. Then formwork is constructed from boards or other suitable material. Reinforcement is mounted inside the formwork.

For reinforcement, a metal rod 10-12 mm thick is used. The rod is knitted with a knitting wire so that the reinforcement is a lattice with a step of 25-30 cm. It is not recommended to use welding to fasten the rod. The formwork is raised above the ground by 50 cm. This is how the foundation will rise above ground level.
When the reinforcement is completed, you need to prepare the concrete mixture. Since you need to pour the foundation at one time, it is best to use a concrete mixer to prepare concrete. The proportions of cement, sand and gravel are 1/3/5.

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In order for the concrete to come out of high quality, washed sand with medium or large grains and cement of a grade not lower than M200 are used.

After concrete mix will be in the formwork, it is rammed with a vibrator so that the solution is evenly distributed between the reinforcement bars. If there is no vibrator, you can use an ordinary bayonet shovel.

Now the foundation should gain strength. This is also very milestone construction, since the strength of the entire building depends on the strength of the foundation.

The design dries for 4-6 weeks. During drying, hot weather it is recommended to cover the concrete tape with rags soaked in water. When it rains, cover with plastic.

After the foundation tape dries and gains strength, you can begin to build a house.

Construction of a frame house

The house is called a frame house because it is wooden frame installed on the foundation. This frame is insulated and sheathed finishing materials. Outside and inside.

Building a frame house with your own hands is elementary simple. Below, along the perimeter of the house, a square wooden beam is placed. This so-called lower crown. It is placed on a foundation tape, on which two layers of roofing material have been previously laid for waterproofing.

Then, on the beam, with the help of a tenon-groove connection, the frame racks are attached.

It is not recommended to use metal parts for fasteners.

Racks are made of timber and boards. Timber, which is installed vertically, gives the house additional strength.

But, sometimes they manage with some boards. The dimensions of the board depend on the planned thickness of the walls.

It is recommended to install racks of boards at a distance of about 60 cm from each other. The same distance is subsequently left between the roof rafters. Triangles are made at the corners, which also give additional strength to the structure.
After the racks are installed, the upper crown of timber is mounted on top. The ceiling will be attached to the upper crown, and the floor boards will be attached to the lower one.

Floor device in a frame house

Before laying the floor, a layer of expanded clay is poured between the foundation strips.

The floor can be made of wood or concrete. In the case of a concrete floor, a layer of concrete is simply poured onto the expanded clay, a cement screed is made, and linoleum, carpet is laid on top, or some other coating is mounted.

To make a wooden floor, you need to lay logs on the lower crown, and lay floorboards on the logs.

It is recommended to make additional insulation from sheets of any suitable insulation. You can use both foam and mineral wool. Penoflex or some other material with good thermal insulation characteristics.

In the case of a wooden floor, the insulation is placed between the expanded clay and the floor boards.

If the floor is cement, then the insulation can be mounted both under cement screed, and above it, under the floor covering. Of course, in the second case, the insulation sheets must be sufficiently rigid.

Wall insulation

The fabricated frame of the house will be clad inside and out. Between the cladding and the thermal insulation is attached. This is the arrangement of the walls of the frame house.

And do not forget that foil polyethylene is mounted on the inside of the house for vapor barrier. It is mounted between the insulation and the inner surface of the finish.

On the outside, reliable waterproofing must be made, which would protect the insulation from precipitation and moisture. It can be roofing material, or another suitable material. Vapor barrier should also be, the same as on the inside.

If used as a heater mineral wool, then it should be dense plates. Otherwise, the cotton wool will sink down under its own weight.

The choice of insulation must be approached responsibly. After all, the house should be warm.

External cladding

Many materials can be used as cladding on the outside. For example, it can be lining or tongue-and-groove boards. The boards must be used exactly tongue-and-groove so that there are no gaps between them. You can also use ordinary boards, but you need to mount them with an overlap, herringbone. You can also use facing brick. You can clad the house on the outside with OSB boards and sheathe it with siding.

Interior decoration

For interior decoration, drywall is most often used. This material is easy to install, and all the defects that may occur during the installation process are very easy to putty. A flat surface is formed, suitable for both wallpapering and painting. However, for interior decoration, you can use both chipboard and plywood. Simply drywall is preferable.

Roof installation

First, the so-called "black ceiling" is made. To do this, a flooring from various wastes is attached to the upper crown. wooden production. A layer of expanded clay is poured on top of the flooring.

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The rafters are attached to the top beam. The distance between the rafters is also 60 cm. This gives even greater integrity to the entire frame.

Attached to the rafters roofing material. His choice depends only on the desire of the owner and on the budget. This short description frame house roof devices.

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Frame house - one of the most affordable and budget options suburban construction.

But as soon as it is laid down, an equally important stage begins: a device that has its own characteristics in such buildings.

They must be studied before starting. construction works in order to avoid a major overhaul of the entire structure in the near future.

For frame house frame wall structures have only two types:

1. Carriers, which have increased resistance to impacts and mechanical loads: both vertical and horizontal. They are usually made from a solid board or giant I-beams. doorways in bearing walls ah are assembled using at least 2 jumpers, fastened with nails in 2 rows, which avoids their deformation.
2. Non-bearing (internal), which serve as partitions for dividing the building into rooms and are not designed to withstand the weight of the building. Lintels over doorways in such cases should have a width equal to the width of the uprights and be made of material more than 40 mm thick.

Reference! Internal partitions designed for zoning living space are often made of 40x100 timber, since they do not need a thick layer of insulation. For load-bearing walls, materials with a cross section of at least 50x150, and preferably 50x250, are taken in order to be able to increase the thickness of the heat-insulating layer.

materials

What material are the walls made of? frame houses? If you have chosen frame houses for your housing: wall material can be completely different.

It is determined not only by aesthetic properties, but also by the ability to withstand certain loads, climatic and relief features of the site, weight and other characteristics.

For the device of wooden frame walls and partitions, they mainly use:

1. wooden beam made from wood conifers or maple. Its cross section is square and standard size is 150x150. More thick timber(150x200 and 200x200) is ideal for multi-storey buildings or houses with an attic.
2. Edged board from coniferous wood. The cross section of the racks is usually 50x150.
3. Wooden I-beam, which is two timber beams fastened with a jumper from OSB-plate. It allows you to freely adjust the shelves depending on the thickness of the insulation and the size of the foundation. According to experts, the use of such a material minimizes the risk of deformation of the frame during shrinkage of the structure and provides better thermal insulation.
4. Materials for outer and inner cladding of the frame. They are treated as standard wooden planks, and prefabricated panel-type structures made of OSB-boards, hydrophobic plywood or boards. And the use of magnesite sheets is also allowed. At the same time, it is important that the materials are well dried and that there are no cracks and defects in them, which can later cause shrinkage and destruction of the house. As an antifungal protection, they must be treated with special antiseptic compounds.
5. . They are soft - insulation based on fiberglass, basalt wool- and rigid - expanded polystyrene and its extruded modification - type.
6. Decoration Materials. These include vinyl and metal siding. The latter is characterized by increased strength, easy installation and high corrosion resistance. Vinyl siding attracts with a smaller weight and a large selection of colors, but is afraid of temperature changes and direct sun rays. And also a block house is often used (calibrated boards with an oval transverse profile and lock connection, which outwardly completely resemble a rounded log) and imitation of timber (panels with rectangular section and bevelled corners). Frame houses with artificial stone trim look very elegant, acrylic coatings and decorative plaster.
7. designed to protect the house from blowing and moisture. She looks like roll material, resembling a film, but at the same time vapor-permeable to prevent freezing of the insulation in the wall in the winter season. Mostly for these purposes they buy diffusion membrane for waterproofing.
8. vapor barrier, which is used as a vapor barrier membrane.

Reference! According to one of innovative technologies, the supporting frame of the building is completely made of a galvanized thermal profile, and shotcrete or foam concrete serves as an internal insulation. This makes it easy to build a solid and secure home with the number of floors from 1 to 5.

Technologies

Frame house can be built different ways, since today several effective technologies for creating its walls are known. The most popular among them are: the construction of the wall of a frame house according to Finnish technology and Canadian. Their differences lie in the fact that, in accordance with the Scandinavian method, wall panels are assembled right at the construction site, but construction technologies from Canada involve the installation of a frame from ready-made SIP panels (frame-panel technology).

Finnish

Finnish looks like this:

1. A frame made of timber is mounted on it, after which it is assembled.
2. Panels are assembled, for which OSB-plates are used, with which the spans of walls are sheathed both from the inside and “from the street”.
3. A heat-insulating layer is installed, after which a draft floor is laid on the floor.
4. The main components of the structure are interconnected with metal brackets and beams are installed floors.
5. On the interfloor ceiling, the wall panels of the second floor are assembled and installed vertically.
6. Roof rafters are mounted, fixed on them waterproofing layer and lay the roof.
7. Perform interior and exterior finishing work.

Canadian

When designing a building according to Canadian technology, the work algorithm is as follows:

1. A strip foundation is poured, on which panels and floor beams are mounted.
2. Bars are placed in the gaps, which are interconnected, and the gaps are insulated with the help of mounting foam.
3. After installing the ceiling, the walls are installed, starting from the corners. IN two-storey houses installation of interfloor ceilings and walls of the second floor is being carried out. In this case, the panels are attached to the beams with self-tapping screws every 10-15 cm. All joints are securely sealed with mounting foam. Fastening is carried out according to the tenon-groove principle, and the thermal gap between the wall panels is 3-5 mm. At the same time, window and door openings are made.
4. The final stage is the installation of the roof.

Device

What is the wall of a frame house made of?

No matter how exquisite the design of your frame house, and no matter how expensive materials are used, the design of the frame wall with insulation, especially the load-bearing one, will be almost identical.

It is multi-layered and is called a “sandwich” or “pie” in construction jargon.

So, the frame wall: the design consists of layers:

1. Frame directly.
2. Internal finishing layer.
3. vapor barrier layer.
4. Insulation.
5. waterproof layer.
6. OSB boards.
7. Outdoor decorative finishes.

Important! It is much easier to make the internal partitions of the building: the frame wall scheme contains only frame racks, thermal insulation layer, a vapor barrier membrane installed on both sides, and drywall or OSB board.

Proper Pie frame wall can be very different and depends both on the wishes and financial capabilities of the owner, and on external conditions and internal loads to which the structure will be subjected. Consider the arrangement of the walls of a frame house in detail. The most common options are:

1. Frame wall cake with mineral wool. The right frame house wall cake with mineral wool is ideal for buildings that need good sound insulation. For this, the wall frame with outside sheathed with chipboard and lined outside with a waterproofing film. Mineral wool is attached on top of it, which can be supplemented with extruded polystyrene foam. A vapor barrier membrane layer is installed on top of the thermal insulation layer (from the inside): it is fixed with a stapler. Then a crate is mounted to better hold the heat-insulating layer and produced final finishing walls. It is important that moisture does not penetrate deep into the wall, as this will lead to the loss of mineral wool, which has an increased hygroscopicity, of its insulating properties.
2. Frame house wall pie with ecowool. It is considered the safest for human health, since ecowool is completely safe and provides breathability inside the wall, preventing condensation. This insulation is lightweight and has excellent heat-shielding properties. The “pie” itself consists of the following layers: an inner finishing layer, a vapor barrier film, frame elements, ecowool (it is evenly blown over the entire surface of the wall, which avoids joints, as in the case of other heaters, and the penetration of cold into the house), a windproof membrane and the outer finishing layer, which separates the ventilation gap from the previous one.
3. Pie wall of a frame house with basalt insulation. This is an expensive solution, however, basalt wool not only has good heat and sound insulation properties, but is also resistant to vibrations, mold and mildew. The composition of the frame wall in this case will be standard: interior decoration, vapor barrier, frame structure, basalt filler, windproof membrane and exterior finishes.
4. Frame wall pie with OSB (or OSB). Such plates are used to give the walls greater rigidity and stability. The classic arrangement of layers, which provides optimal moisture removal and “breathing” properties, looks like this: interior finish, vapor barrier, insulation (mineral wool or other), frame racks, OSB-plate, windproof layer, ventilation gap, exterior finish.
5. "Pie" with Isoplat panels. Recently, they have been very popular among builders, as they reliably protect the wall from moisture penetration, are additional protection from the cold and completely replace wind and hydro protection. In a frame house, the layers of walls are arranged as follows: interior finish, vapor barrier film, heat-insulating layer, frame racks, Isoplat panels, crate, exterior finish.
6. "Pie" according to the EIFS system. Structural elements the frame of the building often becomes a kind of "bridge" of cold, which requires an additional - the formation of a polystyrene foam cocoon from their outside. The composition of the wall of the frame house in this case will be as follows: interior decoration, vapor barrier, frame layer with a mesh, rigid polystyrene foam boards PSB-S 25F, wind protection and an exterior finish layer.

Important! In the above variants of the "pie" wind protection layer is understood as a layer consisting of waterproofing and wind protection. Since there must be a waterproofing layer outside the wall, which protects the insulation from external moisture.

Drawings, diagrams and sections

If you are going to build a frame structure yourself, you can’t do without a detailed drawing, which will also indicate the frame wall in the section.

This will allow you to clearly imagine the location and installation order of all load-bearing structures and internal partitions and avoid the most common mistakes.

Important! The drawings clearly indicate not only the connection options structural elements among themselves, but also schemes for laying engineering communications.

Largely modern drawings walls of a frame house are made in specialized computer programs , where parameters such as type and are entered, the location of load-bearing walls and partitions, the number of rooms, external parameters such as humidity, type of soil, average temperature in the area, etc.

The scheme and structure of the wall of a frame house necessarily contains the following:

1. Type of wall and its dimensions.
2. The nuances of the structural connection of the walls to each other, as well as to the floor and roof.
3. Location of windows and doorways.
4. The sequence of layers (thermal insulation, vapor barrier, etc.), their thickness, installation features and the type of materials for each of them.

Knots

What is a frame house wall knot?

The wall of the frame structure consists of the following nodes, the nuances of which you should know:

1. Adjoining the wall to the floor in a frame house. The frame posts of the wall must be nailed with 3 nails measuring 90 mm, and this is done through the post in the log. This applies to load-bearing structures. If the wall is located on the strapping of the log or lintel, then the third nail is hammered into them. In the case of partitions, one 90 mm nail driven into each joist is enough.

2. Joining the walls of a frame house. To provide reliable connection frame walls - connect the side and facade wall buildings, in the side frame it is necessary to make an additional rack, deployed perpendicular to the corner rack of the frame structure, located on the edge. This will allow you to correctly form the inner corner and simplify the process of finishing with plywood or OSB-boards.

3. The corner of the frame wall. Simply connecting the bars with a section of 150x150 (or boards with a section of 50x150) in the corner is fraught with its freezing in winter time. Therefore, the corner is made according to the 2 + 1 scheme. A third one is nailed to one of the extreme racks of the frame structure, which is turned at 90 degrees. You can also strengthen the structure by adding a fourth board.

Two racks are connected parallel to each other or at a slight angle using 5 90 mm nails with a distance of 6 cm between them. Before finishing the corner, it is imperative to put a heater.

4. Ukosina. This is one of the most important elements of the wall, which gives it spatial rigidity and avoids distortions in the structure. They are cut into both the lower and top harness strictly at an angle not exceeding 45-60 degrees. They must be used if sheathing of house panels with plywood or OSB boards is not planned. It can be wooden with a section of 25x100, 50x150 or metal.

5. Window and door openings.

Important! In Canadian and Finnish technology, they are amplified a little differently, so these nuances should be taken into account.

In Canadian technology, double racks are used to create them. Under and above the opening, shortened posts are mounted, the distance between which remains the same as between the main posts. A header is placed above the opening, made of a double or triple board 10-25 cm high, depending on the width of the opening and the beam load. Horizontal boards are also mounted under the opening, cutting the additional rack in half: they will support the weight of the window.

In the case of doorways or the use of Finnish technology, instead of a header, a crossbar is installed - a board placed on the edge, which cuts in front of the lower trim in the uppermost part of the frame racks, both inside and outside. The crossbar can be either single or triple. For him, take boards measuring 50x200 mm.

6. Connection of wall and roof. Racks are mounted strictly perpendicular to the wall, but can be parallel in partitions or on the gable of the roof. Beams must be monolithic, and in outside corners wall frame at least 2 racks should be placed.

7. Connection of wall and floor. Shown above in the figure to point 1.

Photo

Sectional wall of a frame house: photos are presented below.

Useful video

How to make a frame wall cake is additionally described in the video below:

conclusions

Arranging the wall of a frame house is a rather important and painstaking process, but if you want and want to learn and take into account any nuances, even a non-professional builder can handle it without any problems.

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Currently, the so-called "frame" houses are becoming increasingly popular in the construction industry. This is due to the fact that such structures require a minimum of materials during construction, take a small amount of time, and are also very simple to assemble.

The walls of this kind of house are a kind of « layered cake» , the filling of which is represented by several types of different building materials. It is on the correct choice and subsequent installation of these materials that it depends on whether the structure will reliably protect its inhabitants from cold and extraneous noise.

Frame house wall device

Each of the load-bearing walls of a frame-based house is a kind of structure, in the manufacture of which vertical supports are used, as well as horizontal lintels. The space between these materials is completely filled with various fillers, and from the outside, the building is sheathed with boards and finishing materials.

Depending on what kind of heaters, as well as insulating materials will be chosen as the main ones during construction work, it depends on how well the walls will retain heat inside the premises.

Features of the wall structure of a frame house

Despite all the seeming simplicity of construction work, the walls of a house based on a frame must meet certain standards and requirements, non-compliance with which can lead to such negative consequences like a loss a large number heat and insufficient sound insulation.

The main requirements of this kind include the following:

1. Thermal insulation and soundproofing materials must be selected in accordance with quality standards, and also be in optimal price category to avoid extra costs.
2. The walls of the building must be of a certain thickness, which corresponds to the climatic zone in which the construction of a house or other structure is carried out.
3. Construction must take place in accordance with certain rules, applied to the laying and installation of a particular material.
4. In order to avoid the ingress of moisture and condensate on the materials located directly in the inner filling of the wall puff cake, when laying them, special polyethylene films of special strength should be used.
5. You must also follow the rules of installation. thermal insulation materials, to avoid getting them wet by precipitation such as snow or rain.

The device of external walls

The outer walls of a frame house consist of several main layers. For a clearer explanation, these layers are listed in order, starting from the inner wall of the house:

Wooden bars of various thicknesses are used as the frame of the building, from which a kind of frame is pre-assembled. Further, this design is sheathed with boards, which must be treated with special chemicals that prevent the formation of rot and mold.

. This layer includes materials such as drywall, plaster, concrete. That is, directly what is used as a final, decorative wall decoration.
Vapor barrier layer. For this purpose, materials are used that prevent the walls of the building from losing the main amount of heat, and also prevent the formation of condensate, which contributes to the destruction inner layers. Accordingly, the choice this material should be taken seriously.

Next comes the insulation layer. Most the best option V this case there will be basalt insulation, which provides not only effective heat retention, but is also able to last for a long period of time.

OSB board.

External finishing. In this case, it is possible to use different decorative materials such as metal siding.

Arrangement of internal partitions of a frame house

Mostly the device of the internal walls of the house is made in the same way as the external ones. The only exception is the absence of a vapor barrier layer and an external decorative finish, which, accordingly, is replaced by an internal one.

However, there are simplified ways to build the internal walls of a frame house, which can be used if the construction budget is very limited. For this, drywall sheets are used, which are installed on a wooden frame frame.

However, this method of construction cannot provide a sufficient level of sound insulation, as well as thermal insulation. Accordingly, it is used only in exceptional cases, when there is no possibility of using other technologies and materials.

Frame house wall: doing it right

In order for a house built on the basis of a frame to meet all accepted quality standards, it is necessary to follow certain rules, the neglect of which can lead to the loss of such important qualities as the ability to retain heat and prevent the penetration of extraneous noise.

Wall thickness

The thickness of the walls of the building depends entirely on what exactly the purpose of the house will be, whether it will be a permanent structure or, for example, a summer building, and also varies depending on the chosen thermal insulation material.

The thickness of the walls is due to the bars that were used as a frame frame. That is, it is the thickness of the beam that determines the final result.

Mostly the walls of houses intended for living in them for an exclusively summer period, reach a thickness of about four centimeters, excluding decorative finishes, both internal and external.

The thickness of the walls of the capital structure is about twenty to forty centimeters, depending on the climatic zone in which the building is located.

insulation

The following materials are most often used as insulation in the construction of walls of frame houses:

• Styrofoam. The most economical option, which has a lot of disadvantages, such as fragility.
• Mineral wool. An option in the middle price category, which is currently in high demand. Perfectly retains heat, and also prevents the penetration of extraneous noise into the room.
• Polyurethane foam, ecowool. Quite expensive heaters, the price of which, however, fully justifies itself. Do not require an additional layer of vapor and waterproofing. They keep heat well and retain all their basic qualities for a long period of time.

Proper installation of insulation

The laying of the insulation must be carried out in accordance with certain standards, otherwise the material will not provide sufficiently reliable heat insulation. A layer of material can be laid both directly inside the frame frame, and used as an external wall filling.
In the second case, an additional layer of plywood sheets is needed, which will ensure reliable fixation of the insulation, and also significantly level the surface.

When laying, it should be remembered that if mineral wool or polystyrene is used as a heater, an additional layer of vapor barrier must be laid.

It is also necessary to ensure that there are no significant gaps between the plates of the selected material. They should be laid as tightly as possible.

• In the event that small gaps remain between the plates of the material, they must be eliminated using narrow strips of the same insulation.
• It is best to lay the material directly inside the frame structure, as this will ensure its secure fixation, and also somewhat simplify construction.
• When laying the thermal insulation layer, it is necessary to lay a vapor barrier material.

Steam and waterproofing

As a vapor and waterproofing, a special film of special strength is mainly used, which is laid both on the outside and on the inside of the walls.

It's no secret that any house consists of several basic elements - a foundation, walls, ceilings and, of course, a roof. All these elements are equally important, and each of them must be given a lot of attention during the construction process. In continuation of the topic of building a frame house with our own hands, in this article we will deal with the question of how to build the walls of a frame house? Together with the website, we will deal with two technologies for their construction and study in detail the design of the walls.

Do-it-yourself frame house walls photo

Walls of a frame house: device and main elements

The wall of a frame house is a combination of various building materials combined into one block. Some of them provide rigidity, others create protection from the wind, others help keep the heat in the house. All of them are very important and by no means superfluous - this means that throwing away any one element, saving money, as some kulibins do, is tantamount to shortening the life of the building as a whole. With this, I think, everything is clear, and now is the time to study the question of what kind of important elements and what they are for. Let's start in order.

1. Frame. This is the basis of the walls, which is fully responsible for their shape, size, rigidity and the ability of the house to withstand loads. The frame of the walls is made either from special metal profiles, or from wooden beam with a section of at least 100 by 50 mm - this is if we talk about the thickness of the outer walls of the frame house. Internal walls, if they are not load-bearing, are made somewhat thinner, although this should not be done for purposes.
2. Internal lining. This is a plate (OSB-3, as a rule) - it is screwed onto the frame using self-tapping screws. With a serious approach to business, it is also glued with a special glue.
3. Vapor barrier. It is installed on the inside of the wall under the OSB - its task is to dose the moisture vapor contained in the air into the wall. It allows just enough moisture to pass through so that it does not get wet and does not lose its qualities and at the same time manages to bring it out.

   

   Construction of the walls of a frame house photo

4. Wall insulation. In most cases, this is mineral wool, and to be more precise, then basalt slab. If we are talking about factory sip panels, they are insulated with polyurethane foam sealant.
5. Wind protection. It has a dual purpose - from the outside it creates a barrier impermeable to the wind (hence the name), and from the inside it releases excess vapors that accumulate in the insulating material.
6. Outer cladding. Again OSB, which, as in the case of the inner lining, is screwed to the frame with self-tapping screws and additionally fastened with glue. By the way, in most cases, OSB 12 mm thick is used for both external and internal cladding.
7. Facade. In most cases it is, but sometimes in the process of finishing frame buildings and is used, which is somewhat cheaper, but in terms of labor costs it is more difficult.

   

   Pie walls frame house photo

In principle, that's all - this is exactly what the so-called wall pie of a frame house looks like from the outside. The only thing that can be added here is to clarify the point that the ventilated facade must be assembled on the crate without fail - that's why it is ventilated, so that the space behind it is ventilated.

Frame house wall construction: assembly sequence

Again, despite the two different technologies for building a frame house, the walls are assembled in almost the same way. The only difference is that using prefabricated panels, you will bypass a lot of different stages of work. But if you decide to assemble these panels yourself, then assembling them will look almost exactly the same as building a conventional frame house. You will have to complete the following steps.

1. Assembly of wall frames. As a rule, each individual wall of the house is one or two parts of the frame - so to speak, segments that are assembled separately. In fact, these are rectangles assembled from a wooden beam, inside which there are vertical stiffeners installed in 625mm increments in the centers - this is half the width OSB sheet. If the beam (its length) allows, then it is better to make the frame in the entire width of the wall. If not, then you can split it into parts. By the way, if we are talking about a two-story building, then it is better to reduce the step of the stiffeners to 316.5 mm. It is better to prepare such frames immediately, so that after assembly they completely form the outer walls of the house.
2. Installing frames on . Let's start right away with the fact that the top of the foundation needs to be processed with high quality bituminous mastic and paste over with roofing felt in a couple of layers. Then everything is simple, but, nevertheless, you will need the help of reliable and strong male hands. At the same time, you will have to lift and hold two frames at once (angular) - while several people hold them, one must twist them together. After the fastening is done, the frames can be released and installed according to. Substituting the blocks (if necessary), the frame, clearly installed in the level, is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts. In this way, all the frames are mounted into a single whole product, namely the walls of the frame house with their own hands.

   

   Walls of a frame house photo

3. Further work on the manufacture of walls, as a rule, is postponed until the moment it is assembled - in most cases, the frame of the house is assembled completely, but there are exceptions. In general, at the next stage of work, the construction of the walls of a frame house involves lining them from the inside. Everything is simple here - OSB is cut with a jigsaw to a given size and simply screwed to the frame, which is preliminarily upholstered with a stapler vapor barrier film. Even one person can easily cope with this work, and, as a rule, it does not cause difficulties.
4. Now we move outside and lay a heater between the beam of the frame. This is also an elementary job, with which it is quite possible to cope on your own. We cut the insulation to size and push it inside the wall. We do not press strongly, since it is not cotton wool that retains heat in the house, but the air that is between its fibers.
5. And then we stretch the windproof film with a stapler and sheathe the frame of the OSB house.

   

   The correct wall of the frame house photo

In principle, everything, the correct wall of the frame house is ready, and there is not so much left to add - in particular, to remind about. As a standard, it is laid inside the walls and this is done before they are insulated and sheathed on the second side. You should not forget about this moment, since subsequently it will be very difficult to stretch, if not impossible.

This is how the walls of a frame house are made. Naturally, there may be some variations, but in general, their layer cake remains the same. Speaking of variations, we mean a change in the sequence of work - for example, you can first complete the exterior cladding of the house, and then go inside the room and not suffer from wind and bad weather. It will even be more logical and more convenient to conduct internal communications.

The walls of a frame house are erected like a constructor. They consist of several layers of different materials, each of which performs its function. Building a wall of a frame house with your own hands does not require much building experience. You need the ability to work with a saw, hammer, level, screw in screws, cut insulation, mount and adjust wall sheathing panels.

In addition, the construction of frame walls is not associated with the so-called "wet" processes, mixing adhesive mixtures or concrete. Therefore, they can be performed at any outdoor temperature, build your frame house at any time of the year. How should a frame wall be arranged? Where to start work and what is important to know in order for the frame house to turn out to be reliable and warm?

Mounting the power frame

The device of the wall of a frame house begins with the construction of the frame. This is the basis on which all other components of the wall will be attached - insulation, vapor barrier, wind protection, external and internal wall cladding. Like any support or skeleton, the frame must be reliable and strong enough. Therefore, the main requirement that is placed on the frame load-bearing structure is right choice the dimensions of the bearing racks and beams, the correct determination of their cross section, as well as reliable fastening to each other.

Frame box.

Racks are vertical frame elements. Horizontal load-bearing elements are called beams. Connecting elements - jibs. vertical racks and horizontal beams support the weight of the house. Stabilizers - ensure the reliability of the connection of vertical and horizontal elements of the frame house. How to mount racks, beams and jibs?

The installation of the frame is carried out on the finished foundation. Foundation pouring is the only construction operation that uses "wet" processes. Therefore, for winter construction, the foundation of a frame house is built in advance. If they are building in the summer, then they wait a week after the pouring is completed, and proceed to further assembly of the frame house. Frame walls are relatively “light”, so for their construction there is no need to wait a month until the concrete gains full structural strength.

Correct walls

• Mount the bed on concrete foundation with waterproofing.
• In a horizontal position, the walls of a frame house are assembled.
• Lay out vertical support racks.
• Fasten with nails the vertical racks of the upper and lower strapping.
• They cut into the diagonal of the jib between the uprights and the lower harness.
• Under the upper harness, a crossbar is cut into all racks.
• Raise the walls of the frame house and fasten them together.
• Connect internal and external walls second top strap.
• Floor beams are mounted on top of the strapping.

Frame house wall

The outer walls of the frame house must provide high-quality thermal insulation of the inner living space. Therefore, consider what the wall of a frame house consists of, the wall device consists of a heater that limits heat loss. The layer of insulating material of the frame house must be sufficient to retain heat even in the most very coldy.

Sectional wall.

As a rule, porous materials are used as heaters, which in themselves are short-lived. For their long-term use, protection from atmospheric moisture, rain, dew, internal steam, ground dampness, as well as from mechanical action (shocks, punctures, crushing, compression, etc.) is necessary. In addition, some heaters need wind protection.

Due to the need to protect the insulating material, the wall of the frame house in the section is equipped with several layers, namely:

• WITH outer side the heat insulator for the walls is covered with a protective membrane. Membrane - a special film that limits the penetration of moisture from the outside, but is able to pass it out. Thus, the heat insulator material is protected from moisture. Such protection is especially necessary for wool insulation, mineral wool, glass wool.
• On the inside, the heat insulator is protected from moisture with a vapor barrier film.

On a note

When damp, building mineral wool loses its heat-saving properties.

• Concerning foam insulation, for them, protection against moisture is the key to durability. When freezing, the raw foam is destroyed, covered with cracks, and in two winter seasons it turns into crumbs.
• On both sides of the closed insulation, wall cladding is hung. This material protects the heat-insulating layer from mechanical destruction - shock, compression, as well as from wind. In addition, the skin forms the surface of the inner and outer wall and is decoration.

The outer and inner sides work at different temperatures, therefore, for the manufacture of facing plates, various materials. The requirements for moisture and wind resistance are imposed on the outer skin panels. TO interior panels- ecological and decorative.

Finishing CSP boards.

as outdoor wall panels use:

• Metal profile.
• plastic siding.
• It can be a tree - clapboard or block house.
• Use OSB boards(OSP). In that case, you will need additional protection their surfaces from moisture. The walls of the frame house from OSB require subsequent painting, plastering.

The correct walls of a frame house have at least 4 layers - outer and inner cladding, a heat insulator and a vapor barrier. They are arranged in a certain order, which ensures the protection of the internal space of a residential building from rain and cold at any time of the year.

Internal walls

Internal walls in a frame house should provide good sound insulation. Therefore, a soundproof layer is placed in the middle of the wall. What is the difference between heat and sound insulation materials?

Often the same insulator can limit heat loss and stop sound propagation. For example, mineral basalt wool is the basis for the manufacture of heat-insulating and sound-insulating boards. These plates are identical in structure and differ in trade characteristics. Sound absorption boards and mats have a decibel characteristic, while insulation mats provide a thermal conductivity characteristic.

The device of internal walls.

Unlike external walls, internal walls often sheathed on both sides with the same material. Both sides of the wall are located inside the house, so they are subject to the same requirements - to form the basis for further interior decoration, not to create harmful fumes, to decorate the interior space. Wall panels are used as internal wall cladding:

• Drywall - common for living quarters and moisture resistant for the bathroom.
• Plywood can be used in various thicknesses.
• OSB is best used in non-residential premises.

Frame house walls

The method of laying the insulation is determined by its shape. If it is compressible mineral wool, then it is laid between the frame supports without additional fastening. Mats or slabs are slightly compressed, after which they are placed between the supports "by surprise".

Styrofoam or Styrofoam

Styrofoam or foamed plastic, polystyrene foam. The listed terms are different designations of the same material, which is airtight, blocks natural air exchange, makes it necessary to arrange supply and exhaust ventilation.

The walls of the frame house are insulated with foam.

Despite low environmental friendliness, styrofoam is very popular as frame insulation, because it is the most budgetary and affordable insulating material.

Rigid foam boards are incompressible. Therefore, when laying the plates, they are shortened to the size of the distance between the frame supports, and then the gaps between the foam and the support are blown out with mounting foam.

Polyurethane foam or polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam or PPU - is also a completely impervious, waterproof insulating material. It differs in that it creates a seamless, even coating on which you can perform further interior decoration. The application of polyurethane foam requires the work of expensive equipment and specialists, which affects the cost of construction. Therefore, this option of insulation is rarely used for budgetary frame construction.

Application of polyurethane foam.

If PPU spraying is used, then first the frame is sheathed with external panels, after that the distance between the frame supports is blown with PPU, and after that - according to the finished flat surface insulation, interior wall decoration is performed.

Vapor barrier membrane

The frame house provides for the presence of a vapor barrier layer - a special membrane that looks like polyethylene, but differs from it in physical properties. The membrane is a porous material in which the shape of the pores allows the passage of vapor molecules in one direction and not in the other. Thus, the membrane restricts the movement of wet steam from one side only.

On a note

Membrane fabric is placed on the outside of the insulation in order to limit the ingress of moisture into the pores of the insulating material.

Wind protection

Wind protection material is a layer that is not blown by the wind. The best wind protection for the walls of a frame house is the outer wall cladding and vapor barrier membrane. Works as a panel external wind protection plastic siding, DSP, block house.

These materials also function as waterproofing agents. They protect the inner layers of the wall "pie" from getting wet during rain, snowfall. IN correct design walls under the outer skin must necessarily have a ventilation space. It has the appearance of a gap, which will ensure the free movement of air and the removal of moisture.