The construction of a frame house has a number of advantages. You can build such a house quickly, economically and efficiently. Metal frames are lighter and stronger, and have increased fire resistance. Insulated houses based on metal frames have high energy-saving properties. Installation of a metal frame has its own nuances that must be taken into account during construction.
Metal frames have some undeniable advantages over wooden ones. One of its main advantages is its relatively low price. Typically, the price of turnkey frames depends on the choice of material from which they are going to be made, on the fastening method used, and on the cost of installation work.
Metal carcass Metal frames are made of steel, which is reflected in their second name. These products are also called LSTC, which stands for light steel thin-walled structures.
One more an undeniable advantage Such a frame is characterized by its strength and lightness. These frames weigh less than others, but are much stronger. They are able to withstand tall and heavy buildings.
Metal frames are made in a factory with pre-drafting project in which the dimensions of all elements are recorded. In these elements you can place hidden wiring. Since they are made of steel, they have increased fire resistance and are not subject to corrosion.
LSTC technology was developed in the last century. Metal frames are built from a profile with slots. This allows you to avoid the formation of cold bridges inside. The problems of thermal insulation and sound insulation can be solved with the help of modern insulation materials.
In structures with a metal frame, particular importance is given to the installation of a layer for steam, hydro and thermal insulation.
This is due to the fact that in them the dew point is located inside the house. For this reason, it is also necessary to properly protect against wind. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure that there is a ventilation system between the layer of external waterproofing and the insulation. You can do it yourself. This will facilitate the rapid removal of moisture. In houses of this type it is necessary to organize competent electrical protection. Previously, the use of metal as a frame was questionable. This was due to its increased thermal conductivity. This problem was solved by using galvanized metal profiles
with perforation. The holes are filled with insulation, which reduces the level of thermal conductivity. This indicator is also influenced by the thickness of the walls. Therefore, reviews of such houses relate to insulation issues.
How to choose a foundation for a metal frame house. Will it be different from a timber frame? For metal frame suitable for home foundation on screw piles
Unlike the foundation for a house with a wooden frame, when constructing a lightweight steel frame, there is no need to build a massive foundation. Such a house is quite light and does not need a massive foundation. The developer will not have to do extensive excavation work, nor will there be a need to build formwork two meters high or install solid waterproofing. They can be built on any type of soil. The construction of a strip foundation is not required. After analyzing the properties of the soil, you can choose the type of foundation for your lightweight house. Great option
Metal frame installation technology When installing the frame, it is necessary to create spatial blocks, flat frames and strengthen them as much as possible
During the preparation of the foundation, transverse marks are applied to it, which must correspond to the axes of the future frame, supporting surfaces and the location of the anchor bolts. With the help of anchors it will be possible to correct installation inaccuracies.
Connections of metal beams can be not only bolted, but also welded. The frame itself consists of a lower and top harness. There is also a connection between them. It is necessary to design door and window openings, metal sheathing.
There are three options for enclosing structures:
The choice of materials for installing these enclosing structures is at the discretion of the customers. See the views in the photo.
Is one of the most important stages. The type of finishing is determined by the customer and can be made using various materials:
Watch a video tutorial on metal construction frame houses.
It will help to build inexpensive and reliable housing in a short time metal carcass for home. These structures were mainly used for the construction of industrial and commercial buildings, due to the high thermal conductivity of the material. With the advent of thermal profiles and different types insulation, metal frame houses have provided significant competition to wooden ones.
A metal frame house can be built in both classic, modern or high-tech style Source buscarfoto.com
The profile house consists entirely of metal structures. They are the basis of walls, ceilings and roofs. The thickness of the profiles used depends on the load-bearing loads.
Features of such buildings:
due to the light frame, the weight of the entire house is reduced;
a house made of a straight steel profile can be erected quickly and does not require the use of many construction tools.
Despite the emergence of new technologies in construction, a metal house requires additional thermal insulation, since this material has high thermal conductivity. The choice of one or another insulation depends on the climatic conditions in which the house will be located
The metal used in the construction of such houses is durable, does not rot or burn, and does not require additional processing. The material can be completely recycled without harming the environment.
Construction work is carried out in any season, regardless of the weather. The steel frame is suitable for the construction of low one-, two-, three-, and four-story buildings.
The technology of building frame houses made of metal is becoming increasingly popular. This is facilitated by a number of advantages of this material.
A metal frame house is much lighter than a wooden or brick one. When performing work, less material is used, which makes it possible to build a lighter and less solid foundation. The most commonly used are strip and pile types. Installation work is carried out faster. Their cost is significantly lower than when working with wooden base Houses.
Since a house made of metal profiles is much colder than a house made of wood or brick, the technology of lightweight thin-walled steel structures is used in its construction. In this case, the profile is protected from heat transfer by additional insulation, which fills the entire space between the frame racks. As thermal insulation materials use mineral wool, polystyrene foam, ecowool, polystyrene foam. These materials have no high cost and also have good soundproofing qualities.
Insulation plays an important part in creating a warm and environmentally safe home Source pinterest.fr
By correctly making the so-called “pie” for insulating the walls of the house, in compliance with the technology of protection from wind outside and from steam inside, you can achieve maximum insulation of the house.
Frame house made of metal profiles, despite the lightness of steel structures, it is quite durable. Its service life reaches 100 years. Reliability is achieved by using galvanized profiles equipped with stiffeners. The coating of the material protects it from corrosion. The frame of a metal house does not shrink over time, does not crack, has good fire safety and is not affected by pests.
To reduce the electrical conductivity of the material, metal frame buildings are equipped with proper grounding. To decorate the house outside and inside, materials that are themselves dielectrics are used. This complex of works ensures complete insulation of metal parts.
An important advantage of a steel frame is its ability to withstand roofing materials having a lot of weight.
The disadvantage of using a metal frame is its rapid destruction during a fire. Due to high temperature, the metal loses its rigidity and becomes deformed. In this case, the house collapses much faster than a wooden one.
In such a house it is difficult to install built-in furniture and household appliances. To install massive cabinets and other devices, additional reinforcement of the installation site with profiles is necessary. It is difficult to combine a steel profile with materials such as cement or brick. This is especially inconvenient when building a fireplace or other structural elements Houses.
The following video details the features of constructing a house from LSTK:
On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of frame houses from construction companies, presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.
For the manufacture of elements of lightweight thin-walled steel structures, durable structural steel is used. The product itself is made using the cold stamping method. To protect against corrosion, a zinc coating is applied to the metal sheet.
Metal structures are also made from hot-dip galvanized sheets. They are used less frequently due to their high cost, but are much more durable in use.
To produce the profile, a sheet of steel from 0.7 to 2 mm is taken. The choice of thickness is influenced by the required load-bearing capacity of the structural element.
The following types of profiles are used:
guides,
rack-mounted,
Special beams are also used to cover the floor and shelf. The rafter system of the building consists of the same elements. All elements of the metal frame structure are connected using bolts, rivets, and self-tapping screws. In some cases, resistance welding is used.
The stages of construction of a metal frame house are the construction:
foundation;
insulation of the structure;
home decoration.
The frame made of metal profiles is lightweight and does not require the construction of a permanent foundation. Before choosing the type of foundation, you should study the nature of the soil on the construction site.
For such a house, a shallowly recessed one is quite suitable. strip foundation. It can be small in width, since the load from the lightweight steel structure will be small. The base is made as a rigid horizontal frame, which allows you to redistribute the load in case of deformation of the base.
Using columnar foundation the frame is made of beams rigidly connected to each other and mounted on supports.
The pile-screw foundation with 200x200 timber frame is ready for fastening the metal frame Source narashvat.ru
Brick, reinforced concrete and monolithic blocks are used for the foundation. The installation of shallow foundations allows you to save concrete consumption and reduce labor costs, which in turn reduces the cost of the house.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of building frame houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
A turnkey metal frame house consists of mandatory elements, which affect the reliability of its operation. These include:
horizontal frame;
metal columns, serving to connect the frame to the foundation;
vertical columns;
roof trusses;
purlins for fastening wall panels.
The rigidity and stability of the frame in all three directions is created in compliance with the rules for installing the main structural elements: frames, trusses and columns. This is achieved in compliance with the rules of spatial geometry. All products are manufactured with a high degree of precision.
To speed up the installation process, each product is marked accordingly. Structural elements The future house is transported to the construction site disassembled and assembled on site. Some modules are delivered ready-made.
Ready-made wall panels with openings for windows reduce time for assembling a house Source zen.yandex.ru
Not only the individual elements of the frame base, but also the completed wall panels are assembled directly at the factory. In some cases they are equipped with windows, heating system and cladding. Wall modules are installed on a support frame and connected to the steel span structure by welding and threaded fastening.
The roof of a house made of metal profiles can be:
single-slope;
gable.
Depending on the shape of the house itself, the roof can have a complex configuration. The most common types of roofs for metal frame houses are single- and double-slope.
The elements of the steel roof structure are load-bearing trusses, rafter elements and spans. The work itself is no different from constructing a roof from other materials. First they build rafter system and make the roof sheathing. Then steam and waterproofing is carried out and the finishing roof covering is laid.
This is what the roof insulation scheme looks like Source ngspl.ucoz.net
Galvanized steel is used for rafters. C-profile thickness from 0.8 mm – 1.2 mm. The sheathing is made from steel profile beams of rectangular or square section. Place on top of the sheathing vapor barrier film, insulation and waterproofing material. For finishing coating At home they use slate, metal tiles, ondulin and other materials.
Insulation of a house made of a metal profile is carried out with expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. Polyurethane foam is also used. The space that is filled with any material must become dense and effectively retain heat. All cavities inside metal profiles are filled with foam.
From the inside, the surface of the walls of a metal frame house is covered vapor barrier material, and a thick film is attached outside to protect from the wind.
The openings between wall panels are also filled with new materials such as gas and foam blocks, which contain insulation.
For external decoration of walls, plastering of the surface is used, a natural stone, brick and siding.
The process of constructing a frame house from a metal profile in this video:
The cost of a metal frame house includes expenseson:
materials;
You can reduce the cost a little finished house, ordering a standard building assembly. The price of housing itself is not much different from a similar one made of wood or brick. A two-story cottage made of sandwich panels, with dimensions of 7x10 meters, will cost about 1.7 million rubles. However, the price depends on the configuration of the house. If you order only warm contour, then the cost of the “box” will be about 1.32 million rubles. A house with rough finishing costs about 1.75 million rubles.
Metal frame house projects are varied:
Small metal frame house with attic floor, with total area 72 sq. m., intended for families with children. The house is convenient to use, with sufficient living rooms. In construction, ferrous metal is used for the manufacture of load-bearing structures and galvanized thermal profiles for wall panels. The structural elements of the house are connected using self-tapping screws.
The cottage is being built without the use of special equipment.
Made of metal structures that can withstand the necessary loads. Exterior finishing – decorative plaster. Possible finishing options are brick or siding. Roof type – metal beams, roof covering - metal tiles.
Quite often buyers prefer projects two-story houses or cottages with a residential attic. There are no restrictions in the design - the project can be chosen with a garage, balcony and other extensions.
In terms of design, frame houses made of metal profiles do not impose any significant restrictions on architects. True, after construction, the house will not be able to be redesigned over time, but this is a feature of many technologies.
Special attention should be paid to the insulation of a LSTK house. Since metal has good thermal conductivity, in order to eliminate the appearance of cold bridges, a special approach to insulation and strict adherence to technology are required. For this reason, the construction of a LSTC house should be carried out by professionals who will guarantee their work.
“Whatever they can come up with!” – perhaps this is the first thought of most readers who first encountered the concept of frame houses made of metal profiles. The use of metal as load-bearing structures seems like a rather strange decision, but do not rush to conclusions - study all sides of the issue.
Metal products have been used as load-bearing structures for a very long time, numerous shopping centers, skyscrapers – bright ones examples. True, the technologies and materials used in the construction of such large objects do not justify themselves at all in private house construction - rolled metal products are very heavy, bulky, and difficult to connect individual elements They use special welding and riveting technologies; you cannot build such a house with your own hands.
Everything changed when lightweight steel thin-walled structures—hereinafter referred to as LSTK—were invented. For such structures, only thin steel sheets are suitable, formed into a Z-shaped profile with through grooves or perforations, which should retain the cold. This type of LSTK is also called a thermal profile, and if we talk about private construction, then it is advisable to use only it.
Of course, no matter what tricks manufacturers come up with, metal remains a material with high thermal conductivity. This fact in most cases scares away people who are looking at options for frame houses. The problem is solved by high-quality thermal insulation, which is a multi-layer cake. Calculation of insulation and determination of dew point should only be carried out by specialists with great experience, otherwise you risk getting a lot of problems when operating your home.
The second point that scares consumers away is metal corrosion. Without going into details chemical reactions, we all know that metal rusts, including steel. The formation of rust directly affects the strength of the metal structure, in our case, the strength of the “skeleton” of the house. This problem was solved using hot galvanic treatment, thanks to which metal constructions a protective shell with a thickness of 20 microns is obtained. At correct installation and provision reliable protection moisture can extend the life of metal up to 100 years!
Metal frame houses are a technology that is unlikely to replace wood. The maximum that is destined for them is to develop in parallel. And this is completely justified - both metal and wooden frames there are disadvantages and advantages. Perhaps, it is in this comparison that it is best to consider metal-frame houses - why are they better and worse than wooden ones?
Metal, as mentioned above, has high thermal conductivity - wood is much better in this regard, it itself is a heat-insulating material, participating in general scheme insulation of the house. In a metal frame structure, there is no hope for the frame - all thermal protection tasks fall on the insulation and sheathing.
In full wooden house built with your own hands, life is more comfortable. The tree breathes, filling the air with aromas. However, this living material has a lot of enemies - wood-boring beetles, moisture, fungus. Of course, today there are many ways to protect yourself from all these factors, but this comes at a high cost. These enemies are not afraid of metal, except, perhaps, moisture, although the processes in both cases will occur with at different speeds in favor of metal.
True, there is another side to the issue - in modern house too much household appliances, which affect the frame, magnetizing it. This may affect the well-being of particularly sensitive residents. Small LSTK weight(up to 50 kg per m2) allows you to build a house with your own hands on the lightest foundation. Even on heaving soils that do not allow the use buried foundations, you can build a large spacious house. The metal frame is free from such disadvantages of wood as drying out and shrinkage.
The accuracy of installation of metal frame elements is always at its best. Thanks to this, time, labor and, as a result, finances are saved - construction from LSTK is cheaper. The cost of the elements themselves is also cheaper.
Oddly enough, but a metal frame behaves much worse during a fire than a wooden one. Don’t think that using metal in construction will protect you any more than with wooden beam- fires in most cases start outside (arson) or inside the house (malfunction of household appliances), where there are many materials that will catch fire and burn out - furniture, things, decoration.
The main thing is that during a fire all residents can evacuate successfully - the more time they have before the house collapses, the higher the chances! So, a metal frame significantly reduces evacuation time - with high temperatures the skeleton of the house loses its rigidity, which is why the house spirals, falls, and warps. During the combustion process, wood keeps the house from collapsing much longer - the timber becomes charred, but keeps its shape inside.
Another drawback that is discovered almost immediately during the design and operation process is the difficulty in installing built-in furniture and appliances. By default, the metal frame does not have a rigid, reliable base to which you could attach shelves with your own hands, or install massive cabinets and pencil cases on top. So the builders, together with the owners of the house, must determine in advance the places that will need to be strengthened additional profiles and platforms made of boards.
The load-bearing capacity of LSTK significantly limits the number of storeys and the use of heavy building materials. Cannot use heavy ceramic tiles, install a fireplace on the upper floors. In the latter case, it is generally difficult to combine steel profiles with construction materials(brick, cement).
An important point is the protection of the house structure from industrial currents and atmospheric discharges. Metal profiles are excellent conductors of electricity, and therefore can pose a danger to the inhabitants of the house. This problem is solved by a potential equalization system, the calculation and installation of which is the job of professionals.
Building a house from LSTK is really like assembling a construction set for children. Before installation, a project of the future house is created - all the little details are thought out in the project, right down to where the furniture will be installed and Appliances. It is very desirable that, in addition to the drawing, a 3D design of the house is also developed - this way the customer will see the house with his own eyes.
After registration project documentation The drawings are transferred to the production line. Frame parts are manufactured individually, numbered, packaged and sent to the construction site. Ready-made profiles already have holes for fastenings and engineering communications. Connecting elements also come as a set.
It’s more difficult with a thermal profile - in most cases, builders are offered ready-made sizes and shapes that should be taken into account when designing. It's best not to change existing length, do not cut or shorten anything. In any case, each part is packaged and labeled according to the house design drawings. Builders do not have to select parts - they only need to fasten the profiles with their own hands, according to the markings of the individual parts. This approach significantly speeds up the construction process.
Construction from LSTK is becoming more and more interesting among modern consumers, thanks to one important advantage - the possibility of an open layout. Lightweight trusses allow you to create spans up to 14 meters long without additional elements responsible for support. The rooms inside the house are very spacious, free, and filled with air.
It should be remembered that what more room, the more difficult it will be to heat them, accordingly, the better you should insulate the walls with your own hands. Non-flammable mineral wool boards, as well as moisture-resistant polystyrene foam and ecowool, have proven themselves to be the best. Although LSTK are not very friendly with other structural materials, they are easy to finish, be it a block house that imitates a rounded log, or porcelain stoneware, which will give the building the appearance of a solid structure.
A frame house made of metal profiles is a more reliable and durable structure. Such buildings will have a high level of sound and thermal insulation. It is worth noting that metal products have replaced wood, which has a number of disadvantages, including susceptibility to precipitation and rotting processes. In our article, we will look in more detail at the features of a metal profile and how to make it yourself.
If you use a galvanized metal profile, then due to its special design you can increase the level of thermal and sound insulation of the frame. In addition, the following advantages should be noted:
The use of a metal profile will speed up construction process, while reducing the financial costs of the work. This option is ideal for you if you are looking for a practical and economical material for the frame.
The main part of a metal frame can be considered a transverse frame formed by columns and trusses. These products are connected to the base of the building. The load volume is distributed to the support points. The main amount of pressure falls on the first element. The column is affected by the mass of all elements, the load from wind and atmospheric precipitation.
Attention! The amount of load received from the coating and fastenings between the columns is transported to the truss devices, which have a lattice-type structure.
Frame houses made of metal profiles include the following elements:
Attention! You can create the spatial rigidity of a metal profile frame with your own hands by creating a system of frames, columns and trusses.
House frame made of profile pipe You can create frame and truss structures with your own hands. The first type is characterized by the presence of I-beams made of steel, which are connected at the corners to form a frame. In such a system, the frame is installed from vertically placed support posts and horizontally placed crossbars. Such a device takes the load from the floor of the building.
A frame house is a metal frame made from truss beams, consisting of steel rods forming a triangle shape. Such a system is formed using half-timbered panels or fields. Such fields form trusses that serve as the roof of the base. They are attached to steel posts using welding machine or bolts.
The disadvantage of a house made of metal profiles is the need for additional thermal and vapor insulation. In this case, it is necessary to insulate not only the frame structure, but also the walls inside the building. This action will help bridge cold bridges.
At this stage of work it is better to use modern materials, such as mineral wool or polystyrene foam. Such products can provide the optimal temperature level to maintain comfort in the room.
When creating a house with frame structure It is best to use a profile pipe with your own hands. At first glance, installation work may seem easy, but this design has complex circuit. The first thing to consider is the need for a foundation for the building.
Attention! A frame house can be built without a foundation, but this option can be rationally used if in the future the building will be transported to another area. Such buildings can be greenhouses or greenhouses.
Frame elements are created in this way:
For decorative design For the exterior, you can use siding or special plaster. If your income allows, the façade can be finished natural views wood. So, we looked at the features of a metal frame house. This construction option has optimal strength and quality.
A house made of metal profiles is a profitable option for building a living space. With such construction, you can save 15-20% of the total estimate, starting from the stage of laying the foundation. In this material we will look at the main types of metal profiles that are suitable for residential construction, as well as the advantages of prefabricated technology and its comparison with permanent structures made of stone and concrete.
Many people know what a metal profile is; for those who hear this word for the first time, we inform you that this is a rolled metal product intended for the installation of prefabricated residential and industrial structures, which is also called an LSTK profile.
The LSTK profile is made of galvanized high-strength steel and has several types of execution (depending on the architecture of the future building). LSTK profiles are produced by metal rolling plants using special roll forming equipment.
The rolled steel is unwound and fed to a cutting machine, after which a special device forms the profile itself, or rather its shape. At the output, the machine cuts the required length according to the specified criteria. That's it, the profile is ready. Everything is packed and sent to the warehouse, then to the customer.
The construction industry is developing rapidly. LSTK and LMK, since they came to Russia, have already managed to gain some trust from the consumer. Thus, many, following the Western vector of development, adopt experience and begin to build frame houses from metal profiles, the price of which is 15-30% cheaper than building brick or wood.
Obviously, the prefabricated LSTK technology, which has existed since 1950, now makes it possible to introduce metal profiles not only into warehouses or hangars, but also into country houses and cottages.
Interesting fact: LSTK technology was developed in the middle of the last century in order to eliminate the shortage of residential real estate.
Before starting construction or design, it is important to determine the feasibility and necessity of using lightweight steel frames as a tool for the construction of a residential building. To answer this question, let's take a look at the advantages of LSTK technology:
This is far from full list positive characteristics, which prefabricated buildings have.
LSTK is affordable construction. Starting from the design stage, you can start saving big by choosing standard solution(project) that suits your climatic conditions. You can also save on pouring the foundation, because... Even a shallow foundation is suitable. It is recommended to invest all funds in insulation, vibration insulation and fire protection of these insulation materials.
Definitely, the answer is clear and obvious. A house made of metal profiles, the price of which is clearly lower than a standard brick or wooden one, will always weigh in its favor. And not only the price, but also the advantages described above. The main thing in construction is a reliable team of professionals who can quickly and on time implement any of your ideas. The quality of workmanship plays the most important role, because a house is everyone’s personal fortress and it must be built according to state rules and standards.
