Blood red hawthorn
Crataegus sanguinea Pall. Rosaceae family (blood-red hawthorn, Siberian hawthorn)
Application various types hawthorn has been known since the time of Dioscorides. The Latin name “krategus” is derived from the Greek “kratanos” and is translated as strong, strong, hard - due to the properties of wood and thorns, which serve the plant as reliable protection. About 40 species of hawthorn are found in Russia. The medicinal properties of blood-red hawthorn have been the most studied. He is tall bush, less commonly a small tree 1-4 m with strong purple-red shoots bearing thick straight spines 2.5 cm long. The leaves are dark green, alternate, petiolate, obovate, with a wedge-shaped base, three-seven-lobed, with jagged edges. The flowers are white, in dense corymbose inflorescences, with a characteristic odor. The fruits are bright red, rarely orange-yellow, almost spherical, with a remaining calyx at the top. The pulp is mealy with 3-4 seeds.
Blooms in May-June. Fruits in August. Close to the blood-red hawthorn are the Dahurian hawthorns with lighter fruits, as well as the prickly, sepal-shaped, five-petalled, and others. The blood-red hawthorn grows in forest and forest-steppe zones, light forests, on the edges, clearings, and along river floodplains. Distributed in the European part of Russia, including Moldova, Western Siberia, Eastern Kazakhstan, Caucasus. Often cultivated in parks and roadside plantings. Prickly hawthorn grows wild only in the Carpathians, and is cultivated in other areas. For medicinal purposes, the flowers and fruits of blood-red hawthorn and prickly hawthorn are used.
When harvesting, it should not be confused with thorns (plum-thorn), which has single flowers, less often two. Hawthorn flowers are collected at the beginning of flowering, when some of them have not yet bloomed. Do not collect flowers with eggs or insect larvae laid on them. To avoid browning of the raw materials, the collection is carried out in dry weather, after the morning dew has fallen. Dry no later than 1-2 hours after collection, spreading a thin layer on the litter in a ventilated place protected from the sun. The unpleasant smell of flowers disappears after drying. The taste of dried flowers is bitter. The fruits are harvested after full ripening. Dry in attics, in warm, well-ventilated rooms or dryers at a temperature of 40-50°. The dried raw materials are sifted to separate the stalks and other impurities. The color of the fruit is dark red or brownish-orange, the taste is sweetish.
Hawthorn fruits contain ursolic, oleanolic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, sitosterol, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, sorbitol, choline and fatty oil. The flowers contain acetylcholine, quercetin, hyperoside, caffeic and chlorogenic acids. Hawthorn fruits and flowers have a healing effect for heart diseases. They tone the heart muscle, increase blood circulation in the vessels of the heart and brain, reduce the excitability of the central nervous system, improve sleep and the general condition of the patient, and slightly reduce blood pressure. Preparations from the flowers and fruits of hawthorn are highly effective for functional disorders of the heart, coronary insufficiency, weakness after serious illnesses, angioneurosis, initial forms of hypertension, insomnia in heart patients and hyperthyroidism with tachycardia.
To prepare the infusion, pour 1 teaspoon of hawthorn flowers into a glass of water and then prepare according to general rules. Take 1/2 cup 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
An infusion of fruits is prepared at the rate of 1 tablespoon per glass of water. Take 1/2 cup 2-3 times a day before meals. Sale PBX Panasonic at manufacturer prices. The industry produces liquid extract and tincture from hawthorn fruits. The liquid extract is part of the heart remedy - cardiovalene. All hawthorn preparations are taken only as prescribed by a doctor.
Common lingonberry
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Cowberry family - Vacciniaceae
The Latin name for lingonberry - "vitis" - was first found by the Dutch botanist Dodoneus. Its origin is interpreted differently. Some indicate a connection; with the word “vintsiris” (to bind, bind) due to the creeping rhizome, others with the word “vis” (strength), due to the plant’s ability to quickly take root.
Common lingonberry is a perennial, evergreen, low-growing subshrub, 5-25 cm high, with a creeping rhizome and erect branched stems. The leaves are thick, leathery, elliptical, dark green above, shiny, pale and dull below, dotted with dark brown dotted glands. The flowers are small, whitish-pink, on short stalks, collected in drooping racemes. The fruits are large dark red berries up to 8 mm in diameter, sour in taste with numerous seeds.
It blooms in May-June, the fruits ripen in the second year in August-September.
Grows in coniferous and mixed forests, mountain and lowland tundras, and peat bogs. Particularly characteristic of pine and pine-spruce forests.
Distributed almost throughout the entire territory of the USSR, except for the southern regions of the European part of the country, the entire Central Asia, most of Kazakhstan and Transcaucasia.
When harvesting, it should not be confused with similar subshrubs:
- blueberry, which is distinguished by a taller stem, reaching 100 cm. Its leaves are not leathery, without pinpoint glands, blue-green below, falling off in the winter; berries with a bluish coating;
- bearberry, which is characterized by rooting branches up to 130 cm long. Leaves without pinpoint glands, but with a network of depressed veins. The fruits are red and mealy inside.
Lingonberry leaves and shoots are used in medicine.
Leaves are prepared in early spring immediately after the snow melts before flowering begins. Only overwintered leaves are collected, since the leaves of the current year, collected in the summer, turn black when dried. Secondary collection can be done in the fall after fruiting. The leaves are torn from the stems with a hand movement from bottom to top. Blackened and browned leaves are immediately thrown away.
The collected leaves are dried in ventilated areas protected from direct sunlight, spreading them on the litter in a thin layer, often turning them.
The finished raw material consists of dried leathery single leaves, dark on top, light green below, without any darkened admixture.
Lingonberry leaves contain arbutin, hydroquinone, gallic, ellagic, quinic, tartaric and ursolic acids, vitamin. C provitamin A, flavonoids and tannins. The berries also contain arbutin, sugars, organic acids, vaccinin glycoside, lycopene, tannins and other substances.
In folk medicine, preparations from lingonberry leaves are used for diseases of the kidneys and bladder, kidney stones, bedwetting in children, gout, prolonged articular rheumatism, diarrhea, as well as for diabetes mellitus in combination with other sugar-lowering plants.
Ripe berries and juice from them are used for the prevention and treatment of vitamin deficiency and hypertension.
Tea made from lingonberries is drunk to treat fevers and colds.
In scientific medicine, a decoction and infusion of lingonberry leaves is used as a diuretic for urolithiasis, as well as for gout and rheumatism.
Lingonberries are distinguished by their high taste and are widely used for food, fresh and soaked, as well as for making jams, preserves and drinks. Take 1/2-1/3 cup 2-3 times a day before meals. Store in a cool, dark place.
Viburnum common
Viburnum common- a large tree-like shrub from the honeysuckle family, 2-3 m high. In May-June it is covered with many milky-white flowers (corymbose inflorescences) with a delicate pinkish tint, and in August-September - with bright red clusters of berries.
The bark is brownish-gray. Leaves are three-lobed, opposite. The berries are irregularly spherical in shape, with a flattened core-stone. The taste of the berries is tart and bitter. After frost, the bitter taste disappears. Viburnum grows along the banks of rivers, lakes and swamps, on forest edges and in water meadows in the European part of RUSSIA, in Siberia, the mountainous regions of the Caucasus and Crimea, as well as in Eastern Kazakhstan.
Viburnum is not picky about the soil, easily takes root in a new place, cleans the air well from dust, and releases phytoncides.
Viburnum bark has medicinal value. It is collected in early spring and air dried. Ripe berries contain up to 32% invert sugar, up to 3% tannins, up to 82 mg% vitamin C, manganese (0.2 mg%), zinc (0.6 mg), pectin, carotene, vitamin P and organic acids (acetic, formic, isovaleric, caprylic).
The nutritional value Viburnum is determined by its high content of vitamin C. Viburnum is used to make jam, compotes, jelly, jelly, pie filling, fruit drinks and other drinks. Viburnum juice is used for tinting food products. Viburnum deserves the closest attention from amateur gardeners; it should be more widely cultivated in our gardens and parks. This will provide an opportunity not only to beautify our cities and villages, but also to enrich our diets. Viburnum berries can be stored both in rural and urban environments.
Poisonous plants
Datura common
Datura common- Datura stramonium L. is an annual light green plant from the nightshade family (Solanaceae), with bad smell, with a spindle-shaped white root. The stem is erect, from 15 to 80 cm high, thick, branched at the top into 3 equal branches. The leaves are alternate, large, up to 20 cm long, ovate, pointed, with petioles, the leaf blade is notched-sharply toothed along the edge.
The flowers are solitary, very large, located in the forks of the branches. Each flower has a double 5-membered perianth; calyx tubular, pentagonal, with short teeth; corolla white, tubular-funnel-shaped, up to 1-2 cm long, with a folded limb; stamens 5; pistil with an upper bilocular ovary and a bilobed stigma. The fruits are ovoid capsules up to 5 cm high, covered with large hard spines, surrounded at the bottom by a bent but not falling calyx base. The seeds are black, kidney-shaped. The flowering period is extended from June to autumn, the fruits accordingly ripen at different times, starting in July.
The modern habitat of the common datura occupies a large territory - the plant is found in Eurasia, North Africa, North and South America. Some scientists believe that the homeland of Datura is Central and North America, and that it was brought to the Eastern Hemisphere in historical times and naturalized there; others are inclined to consider Datura as an aborigine of Eurasia. In Russia, it grows in the steppe zone of the European part, in the southern regions of Siberia and the Far East. The range is discontinuous. It grows in garbage areas that are sufficiently moist and rich in nitrates: near barnyards, on manure and garbage heaps, under fences, in ditches, near housing, in abandoned livestock camps, along the banks of reservoirs, in landfills.
MBOU DO "Tourists Station of Nadezhdinsky District"
I've done the work : Mashkin Anatoly Mikhailovich – teacher
additional education, methodologist
MBOU DOD SUT, Full member of the Russian
Geographical Society since 1989
Business address: 692481 Primorsky Krai, village. V-Nadezhdinskoe,
lane Torgovy, 12
With. Volno-Nadezhdinskoye, 2015.
Introduction.
Currently, much attention in circles of additional education institutions is paid to environmental problems. In particular, the study of medicinal and poisonous plants. It is especially important for tourists to know medicinal properties plants and methods of preparing food in conditions of autonomous human existence in nature. The materials may also be useful to team leaders in preparing them for a tourist rally, where there is an “Ecological Site” stage. For this work, scientific, reference and popular science literature was used.
The work is intended for additional education teachers working with children in the field of ecology and tourism.
Medicinal plants
Actinidia kolomikta (sultana)- woody liana. The flowers are white. The fruit is sweet and sour. Blooms in June, bears fruit in September. It grows throughout the mountain-forest regions of Primorye, Amur region and in the south of Sakhalin. The fruits contain ascorbic acid, caratine, sugar, organic acids, tannins and pectin. The fruits are a valuable delicacy, as well as preventive and therapeutic properties against scurvy.
Aralia high- a small tree with sharp thorns. Blooms in August; the fruits are black, berry-shaped, ripen in September-October. Grows throughout Primorye. Found in mixed and deciduous forests. The roots are used in medicine. Aralia root tincture is recommended as a tonic for nervous and mental illnesses, and for the treatment of low blood pressure.
Pacific bergenia– A herbaceous plant, the rhizome is long, creeping, with numerous scars. Height up to 70 cm. Found in the mountain forest belt of the Primorsky Territory and the south of Khabarovsk. The rhizomes are used in medicine. Preparations from bergenia are used for bleeding and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity.
Barberry Amur– a thorny shrub 1-3 m high. The flowers are pale yellow, fragrant. The fruits are sour, red, dryish berries with large seeds. It grows throughout the Primorsky Territory, without penetrating high into the mountains.
Leaves, rhizomes and roots are used. A tincture of the leaves is used as a hemostatic agent, and berberine sulfate tablets are used as a choleretic agent.
Amur velvet- the bark is gray, corky, underneath there is a lemon-yellow bast (living bark). The flowers are inconspicuous, the fruits are black berries with an unpleasant odor. Ripen in August-September. It grows almost throughout Primorye and the Amur region. Doesn't climb high into the mountains. To receive the drug
berberine is used in bast. Can be used as a choleretic agent.
Manchurian birch– Tree, white bark, young shoots red-brown. It blooms in April-May, the fruits ripen in August. Distributed throughout Primorye, especially in the mid-mountain zone. Kidneys are used. The tincture is used internally for edema of cardiac origin as a diuretic and disinfectant. Used for diseases of the liver and biliary tract, as an expectorant, as well as for poorly healing abrasions, ulcers and bedsores. Birch sap is used for bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis and as a general tonic. An infusion of leaves is used for cholecystitis.
Hawthorn- a shrub or tree with thorns on its shoots. Fruit with seeds. Blooms in May, bears fruit in August. Distributed throughout the Primorsky Territory. The fruits and flowers of hawthorn are used in medicine. Hawthorn tincture is used for insomnia, high blood pressure, tachycardia, and general sclerosis.
You can use the fruit to make tea
Common lingonberry- perennial evergreen shrub. Height up to 25 cm. The berries are bright red. Distributed in Primorye in the northern regions, in the south in the highlands. The leaves are used in medicine. A decoction and infusion (tea) of lingonberry leaves is used in the treatment of kidneys, gall bladder, as a diuretic and disinfectant, and is used for cystitis. Relieves joint pain and fatigue.
Valerian– herbaceous plant 0.5 – 2.0 m high. The smell of the roots is strong, the taste is spicy. The flowers are fragrant, pink. It blooms in May, the fruits ripen in June-September. It grows throughout Primorye, excluding the highlands. The roots and rhizomes of valerian contain essential oil, tannins, and iridoids. The drugs are used as sedatives for nervous excitement, insomnia, vascular spasms, cardiac neuroses, and spasms of the gastrointestinal tract. It is used in the form of infusion, decoction, tea.
Snake knotweed (serpentine, crayfish necks) perennial herbaceous plant up to 1 m high. Blooms in June, fruits are brown triangular nuts. Distributed in the Primorsky Territory (throughout the Far East). The rhizomes are used in medicine. Used for acute and chronic diarrhea of non-dysenteric origin. Externally used as an astringent for stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa)
Real ginseng- a perennial herbaceous plant from the Araliaceae family, 30-80 cm high. The stem is single, the leaves consist of 205 elliptical leaflets. The fruits are bright red berry-shaped. Distribution: Primorsky and southern Khabarovsk territories. In medicine, roots weighing at least 10 g are used. They are used as a tonic and stimulant, as well as for certain nervous and mental diseases, cardiovascular diseases.
Zamanikha high– a thorny shrub from the Araliaceae family, up to 1 m high. The trunk and leaves are covered with thorns. Distributed in the south of Primorsky Krai in the forest belt 800-1200 m. Rhizomes and roots are used. Listed in the Red Book. Used as an aphrodisiac for nervous and mental illnesses, physical and mental fatigue, and low blood pressure.
Stinging nettle- a perennial herbaceous plant. Stems are tetrahedral, covered with stinging hairs. Blooms from June to September. Distributed throughout the Primorsky Territory. The collection of leaves is used in medicine as a hemostatic agent and is prescribed for atherosclerosis, gastritis, and peptic ulcers. For colds - hot foot baths.
Burnet plant- a perennial herbaceous plant 20-100 cm high. The flowers are small, dark brown, distributed throughout Primorye. Rhizomes and roots are used in medicine. Preparations from burnet are used as an astringent and hemostatic agent for diarrhea, hemoptysis, and as an anti-inflammatory for stomatitis (gargling)
May lily of the valley- a perennial herbaceous plant with two or three broadly lanceolate leaves and one peduncle bearing 5-12 bell-shaped white fragrant flowers. Blooms in May-June. The fruits are red, very poisonous berries ripen in August. It is found throughout the Primorsky Territory no higher than 600-700 m above sea level. In medicine, flowers and leaves are used in the form of an infusion for heart neuroses and mainly in combination with valerian and hawthorn
Schisandra chinensis- a liana from the Schisandra family with a woody climbing stem up to 15 m long. Flowers are white, fruits are orange-red, collected in a cluster of 10-40 pieces. Distributed in Primorye, Amur region and southern Sakhalin. The seeds and fruits are used in medicine. It has a stimulating effect, is similar to ginseng, has a tonic effect, and can be used as a general tonic. Used in the treatment of certain cardiovascular diseases, it increases low blood pressure.
Amur linden. The flowers are yellow-white. The fruit is a small nut, up to 0.5 cm. Blooms in July. Inflorescences are used. In medicine, decoction and infusion are used as a diaphoretic and antipyretic, as well as an antiseptic.
Dandelion officinalis- a perennial herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family, with milky sap in all organs, 10-30 cm high. Blooms April - September. Distributed throughout the Primorsky Territory, except for the highlands and mountain-wooded areas. Dandelion roots are used as a bitter to stimulate appetite, for constipation, gastritis with low acidity and as a diuretic.
Tansy- a perennial herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family, 50-150 cm high. The flowers in the basket are yellow. It blooms in July-September, the fruits ripen in August-September. Distributed in Primorye and Amur region. Often found near homes, roads, ditches and on coastal pebbles. Tansy inflorescences are used in medicine; they contain essential oil, tannins and bitter substances. The infusion is used to treat cholecystitis, hepatitis and other diseases of the liver and gall bladder. It is also used as a remedy against worms and for acute intestinal diseases.
Large plantain- a perennial herbaceous plant from the plantain family. The leaves are wide, the flowers are small, collected in a spike-shaped inflorescence. It blooms throughout the summer, the fruits ripen in July-September. It grows in all valleys and low-mountain regions of the Far East. Leaves are used. Fresh leaves are applied to abscesses and wounds to stop bleeding and promote rapid healing.
The infusion is used as an expectorant for bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and whooping cough. Juice fresh leaves can be used for gastritis, coalitis, peptic ulcer.
Chamomile– annual 15-60 cm high. Mass flowering in June. Distributed throughout Primorye. Blooming inflorescences (baskets) are used in medicine. Chamomile is prescribed for acute and chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, colitis, and diseases of the liver and biliary tract.
Creeping thyme (creeping thyme, Bogorodskaya herb)- subshrub. It blooms in June-August, the fruits ripen in August. Found only in southern Primorye. The grass is collected during flowering. The infusion and extract are used internally as an expectorant, less often as an analgesic for radiculitis and neuritis. The extract is part of the drug pertussin.
Yarrow- a perennial herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family, 20-80 cm high. It has a peculiar smell and bitter taste. It blooms from June until frost, the seeds ripen in July-September. Distributed throughout the Far East, except for the Magadan region. In medicine, the entire flowering ground part or only the inflorescences are used. Used for various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as a hemostatic agent. Externally, yarrow extract is used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Horsetail- a perennial spore-bearing herbaceous plant from the Equisetaceae family, 10-50 cm high. Distributed throughout the Primorsky Territory. Green shoots of horsetail are used in medicine. Infusion, liquid extract and decoction are used as a diuretic for heart and other diseases accompanied by congestion (edema). It is prescribed for heart defects and cardiopulmonary failure. Externally, horsetail decoction is used as a disinfectant and is prescribed for washing poorly healing ulcers and purulent wounds.
Chaga (birch mushroom)- the sterile stage of a fungus from the polypore family. The growths of the fungus can reach 2 kg, are dark brown, and almost black on the surface. Found throughout the Far East. The growth is used in medicine. Chaga infusion is used as a symptomatic remedy for gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, gastritis, and malignant tumors.
Tripartite sequence– an annual herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family, height 10-60 cm. Blooms from June to September. Distributed in the southern and western regions of Primorye, in Amur region, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Territory. Sequence grass is used. In medicine, an infusion and decoction of the herb is used for scrofula and other metabolic disorders, scabies, lichen, and as a diaphoretic for colds.
Bird cherry– a tall shrub or tree up to 2–10 m high from the Rosaceae family. The flowers are white, the fruits are round and black. It blooms in May, the fruits ripen in August. Distributed throughout the Far East. The fruits are used in medicine. Bird cherry berries are used as an astringent for non-infectious diarrhea and other stomach and intestinal disorders.
Great celandine- a perennial herbaceous plant from the poppy family, containing orange milky sap in all parts. Blooms from May to autumn. It grows in all inhabited plains and low-mountain regions of the Far East. In medicine, dried herbs collected during flowering are used. Used for diseases of the liver and gall bladder. Juice - for removing warts.
Dahurian rose hips– a shrub from the Rosaceae family up to 1.5 m high. It blooms in June-July, the fruits ripen in September. Found in low-mountain regions of Primorye and Amur region. Rose hips are used in medicine. Used for the treatment and prevention of vitamin deficiencies in the form of infusion and syrup. Perfectly used for making medicinal tea in combination with other vitamin preparations.
Kalina. Flowers are white, fruits are red. They use berries. Distributed in valleys and along gentle slopes throughout the Primorsky Territory. In medicine it is used as a hemostatic agent and to regulate cardiac activity.
Pine. Infusions and decoctions of pine buds are used as a disinfectant, expectorant and diuretic. Used for scurvy.
Oak. Oak bark is used as a good astringent and anti-inflammatory agent.
Rowan. Rowan fruits relieve fatigue, headache, stimulate appetite. Used fresh and as a decoction.
Common raspberry. Perennial shrub. The berries are used as a diaphoretic for colds.
Wild strawberry. Leaves – as a weak diuretic for gout, liver and kidney stones, vitamin deficiency and colds. Berries - for hypertension, atherosclerosis, stomach ulcers, arthritis and other disorders of salt metabolism in the body.
Alder. Alder cones are used. In medicine, a decoction or infusion is used as an astringent for gastrointestinal diseases.
Poisonous plants
Of the 300,000 plant species growing on the globe, about 700 can cause severe or fatal poisoning to people and animals.
Classification of plants by degree of toxicity.
(according to V.S. Danilenko, P.V. Rodomtsev)
Poisonous
Highly poisonous
Deadly poisonous
White acacia
Common privet
Elderberry smelly
Anemone oak forest
Wisteria
Gorse, all types
Zharnovets paniculata
Common honeysuckle and other species
Kalmia latifolia
Mountain laurel and other species
May lily of the valley
Clematis, all types
Buttercup, all types
Ivy
Spotted aronik
Swamp whitewing
European euonymus
Foxglove, all types
Common olendra
Sweetbitter nightshade and other species
Broom
Rhododendron, all types
Yew berry and other types
Aconite, all types
Colchicum, all types
Henbane black
Belladonna
Hemlock spotted
Veh poisonous
Wolf's Bast
Datura common
Castor bean
Juniper Cossack
Oriental sumac and other species
Thuja occidentalis and other species
The concentration of poisons depends on climatic conditions, soil, and development period. Toxic substances are contained both in the entire plant and in individual parts. As a rule, plants have a selective effect on the human body. Some cause damage to the central nervous system ( henbane, aconite, poisonous vekh, hemlock), others are hearts ( lily of the valley, common oleander, raven's eye). Third plants - digestive tract, central nervous system, heart, kidneys, liver (juniper, wild rosemary, Voronets, Colchicum, Stepper). Some plants cause skin burns (ash, Stephen's hogweed , buttercups)
Plants shown in Fig. 1. a) Lobel’s hellebore, b) celandine, c) hemlock (poisonous); rice. 2. a) red nightshade, b) black henbane, c) datura datura, d) belladonna; Fig.3. a) hemlock, b) common aconite, c) tall aconite, d) oak aconite ; rice. 4. a) Steven's hogweed, b) common wolfberry, c) autumn crocus
Rice. 1 Fig.2
Rice. 3 Fig. 4
First aid if ingested: Immediately rinse the stomach with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, take activated carbon (2-3 tablets), drink plenty of strong tea, coffee; in case of severe poisoning, seek emergency medical care.
Symptoms of poisoning, poison.
(according to A.A. Ilyichev)
Poisonous plant
Dangerous part of the plant
Symptoms
Akongite(wrestler, blue buttercup). Height 1-1.5m, yellow flowers
The whole plant is poisonous, especially the tubers
Aconitine
Causes bitterness in the mouth, tinnitus, dizziness, vomiting, convulsions, and in severe cases, death
Henbane black.
White henbane(height 35-90 s.)
All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the seeds
Hyoscyamine
Drying of the mucous membrane, clouding of consciousness, possible respiratory arrest
Belladonna(belladonna).
Flowers are brown-violet, fruits are black berries.
The whole plant is poisonous
Atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine
Pupils dilate, breathing becomes depressed and gradually fades
Death cap
Mushroom (smell of rotting raw potatoes)
Poisoning begins after 8-10 hours. Mortality in 50% of cases.
Hemlock
(height 1.5 m) resemble parsley leaves, when rubbed between fingers - the smell of cat urine.
Fruits and leaves are poisonous
Vomiting, speech disorder, dizziness, paralysis, in severe cases death
Veh poisonous(cicuta)
Sweet stem and rhizomes are poisonous
(smell dried apples)
Cicutoxin,
Convulsions, respiratory arrest, death
Wolf's Bast(wolfberry, laurel)
The whole plant is poisonous, especially the fruits
Burning mouth, convulsions, loss of consciousness, respiratory arrest
False white or satanic mushroom, fly agaric red
In 5-6 hours. Abdominal pain, drooling, delirium, convulsions.
Nightshade bittersweet
The entire plant is poisonous, especially the berries and roots. If touched, it may cause a rash and inflammation of the skin.
Datura
The whole plant is poisonous
Stephen's hogweed
The plant, which has an unpleasant odor, contains essential oil that causes skin irritation
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, difficulty swallowing
What to eat when there is nothing to eat?
Edible wild plants.
Pine – young shoots, cones, needles as a vitamin drink
Birch – sap, buds, young leaves (23% protein, 12% fat)
Oak - acorns (cut, soak for 2 days, cook: 2 parts water to 1 part acorns). Dry, grind, cook porridge or bake flat cakes.
For trees, sapwood (bast) is used; it is most nutritious in birch, willow, pine, spruce, and poplar.
Salads, first courses.
Kislitsa– leaves and stems. Clover– fruits, stems, leaves go into the salad. Nettle– young leaves, dipped in boiling water for 5 minutes, go into a salad, grind into a paste, season with oil, pepper, and salt. Burdock– young peeled stems and immersed in boiling water for 1-2 minutes or leaves collected before flowering. Meadow onion, wild garlic- rhizomes, leaves. Dandelion– almost the entire plant, soak in salted water for 30 minutes. Plantain– young leaves, lowered for 1 minute. into boiling water. The salad tastes better with the addition of sorrel. Rhododendron daurica (Ledum)- flowers in salad. Sorrel- leaves. Horsetail– you can use stems and spikelets-pistils, you can make a casserole from them, mix the pistils with mushrooms and fry them.
Second courses
Bergenia thickleaf– grows on mountain slopes – rhizomes soaked in water are used. water chestnut– fruits are consumed raw and boiled. Boil in salted water or bake in ash. You can cook flour and bake bread . Reed– white stem bases when raw. You can boil the young roots and make a puree. Egg pods (water lilies)– seeds and rhizomes are eaten fried or boiled in salt water, because in their raw form they are poisonous. Cut, soak for 6 hours, changing the water, cook for 40-50 minutes. bracken fern– soak the stems and boil. The rhizomes are also edible if roasted over a fire. Rogoz– Boil young shoots and rhizomes in salted water, drain the soda, and simmer with added fat. You can cook porridge from flour, cut the crusts, dry them, grind them and bake bread.
You can bake bread, make tea, coffee drinks and replace sugar, salt
Blooming Sally– dried and crushed roots are used to make flour and bake pancakes and cakes.
Fern - bracken– from rhizomes ground into flour you can get sourdough for bread.
To link a test you can add bird eggs.
You can eat nuts– pine nuts, hazelnuts (hazelnuts), Manchurian nuts (throw into the fire). Tea can be prepared from overwintered, blackened bergenia leaves, berries and hawthorn leaves, lingonberry leaves, blackberries, raspberries, currants, oregano, mint, St. John's wort, grapes. Coffee can be prepared from viburnum seeds, burdock roots, and dandelion. Needs to be collected in the fall. Wash, dry, fry, crush 1-2 teaspoons per glass of boiling water. As a substitute, you can use asparagus seeds, reed rhizomes, juniper tubers, cattail roots, crushed with water pine nuts can be done milk or cream.
Drinks, fruit drinks prepared from cranberries, lingonberries, young pine needles (50g of pine needles are ground, infused in 2 glasses of water, sugar is added), grapes, lemongrass, sultanas.
Replace sugar You can use lake reed rhizomes (finely chop, add water 1:1 and boil for an hour). Strain the resulting juice and boil to the desired acid.
Birch juice evaporate, bring to sweet syrup. Honey wild bees can be found by tracing their flight from flower to hive. Salt can be added by evaporating from sea water (salt water), you can find animal salt licks, look for salt accumulation.
Starch can be obtained from the rhizomes of large fruits of water lilies, bergenia and yellow capsule.
Mushrooms(white, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, russula, boletus, honey mushrooms, etc.) are best collected when they are young. Avoid mushrooms with leathery sacs at the base of the stem, with white dots and scales on the upper surface of the cap, and mushrooms with pure white plates and lamellar mushrooms that secrete milky juice; mushrooms eaten by insects and their larvae. Be sure to open all the mushrooms.
Seaweed. There are no harmful or poisonous algae in the seas washing the shores of our country. Their digestibility by the human body is 65%-80%.
Alaria– brown thalli 60-70 cm long. Edible raw, but soaked and boiled are much tastier . Sea kale- cook soups. You can eat it raw or after drying it, crush it and make flour.
Freshwater algae greenish-bluish in color, floating on the surface of standing water and emitting an unpleasant odor cannot be used. They are poisonous.
Not traditional food
Snakes– separate the head, remove the skin, cook. Reminds me a little of fish and chicken.
Frog– Dip into boiling water, remove the skin, cook until tender. The broth is a little bitter - reminiscent of the taste of chicken or hare.
Toads are not suitable for food; there are many “wart glands” on the skin
Turtles- coated with clay and placed the skull on the coals.
Any shellfish(bivalve shells) - boil or scald with boiling water, the valves will open, cook the meat.
Birds– any – It's better not to eat scavenger birds. Bird eggs and chicks.
Edible gophers, dogs, badgers etc.
Dried up grasshoppers, ground are suitable for porridges and bread cakes. 100gr. grasshoppers -225 cal., 100 gr., fried termites - 560 cal.
Locust they fry, tear off the legs, remove the head, at the same time, remove the green mass from the belly and eat like shrimp.
The Chinese eat dried spiders, Japanese - dragonflies
Most nutritious ant eggs.
It is better not to eat insects and larvae found on manure heaps, living on back side leaves /secreting strong-smelling liquids/ having a bright color.
Preparation
Most are consumed raw - you can wrap the larvae in leaves and grind until smooth; cooking - it is advisable to gut large larvae; ants and termites can be ground to a paste-like state and cooked into soups and porridges.
Snails and slugs– starve them for several days so that they have time to remove the poison, then throw them into a saline solution to cleanse the digestive tract and boil for 10-20 minutes. with the addition of aromatic herbs.
Worms- drag it between your fingers, remove waste products, boil or dry it, grind it into powder, add it to food. U bees and wasps you need to remove the sting, tear off the wings, then fry or boil. Honey is extracted from hollows by filling the hollow with smoke.
You can eat crabs, lobsters, lobsters, hermit crabs, shrimp cook for 10-20 minutes: mussels, oysters eaten raw, boiled, dried. Edible octopus, squid, cuttlefish, sea cucumber. It is better to boil bird eggs hard-boiled in boiling water for 4-5 minutes.
Bibliography.
Balenko S.V. School of survival. – M.; 1994.
Volovich V.G. Survival Academy. – M.; 1996.
Davis B. Encyclopedia of Survival and Rescue. – M.; "Vese", 1997.
Ilyichev A.A. Great encyclopedia of survival. – M.; "EXMO-PRESS", 1999.
Kostrub A.A. Medical guide for tourists. – M.; Profizdat, 1990.
Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. – M.; "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1986.
Encyclopedia of tourists. – M.; "Great Russian Encyclopedia", 1993.
POTENT AND POISONOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS
Some medicinal plants contain poisonous and potent substances. Therefore, when using them, it is necessary to maintain the exact dosage and carry out treatment under the supervision of a doctor. Here are plants that should be used with caution:
Common apricot- the seeds contain poisonous amygdoline. If you eat more than 20 g of seeds, you can get severe poisoning, which can even lead to death.
Avral medicinal- the plant is very poisonous; when taken in large doses, it causes uncontrollable, persistent vomiting.
Adonis spring- poisonous plant. The dosage must be strictly followed.
White acacia- poisonous plant.
Aconite officinalis- an extremely poisonous plant. Use only under medical supervision.
Arnica montana- poisonous plant. When taking orally, do not overdose.
Marsh rosemary- poisonous plant. You can include no more than 1 tablespoon of herb in the collection.
Periwinkle- poisonous plant. Use only under medical supervision.
Autumn colchicum- a very poisonous plant. Treatment is carried out only under the supervision of a doctor.
Henbane black- a very poisonous plant. Spotted hemlock is a deadly poisonous plant.
Budra ivy-shaped- poisonous plant. Used only in collections prescribed by a doctor.
Elderberry herbaceous
Small basil- poisonous plant. Use only as prescribed by a doctor.
Common cherry- The seeds of the plant are poisonous.
Common wolfberry- a very poisonous plant.
Field bindweed- poisonous plant.
Galega officinalis- poisonous plant.
Common harmala- poisonous plant.
Pepper knotweed- poisonous plant.
Highlander- poisonous plant.
Gryzhnik naked- poisonous plant. When taking, strictly follow the dosage.
Sweet clover- poisonous plant.
Gorse- high doses cause poisoning similar to nicotine poisoning. Take with caution.
Common oak- bark decoctions in large quantities cause vomiting. Medical supervision is required during treatment. Do not administer internally to children.
Datura common- poisonous plant. Do not take internally.
Common cocklebur
Fumyanka officinalis- poisonous plant. Use only as prescribed by a doctor.
Wallflower- poisonous plant.
Larkspur- poisonous plant.
Goldenrod- poisonous plant. Strictly observe the dosage.
Potato- green and sprouted tubers are poisonous due to the large amount of alkaloids.
Kirkazon ordinary- poisonous plant. The duration of baths with Kirkazon decoction should not exceed 15 minutes.
Common oxalis- poisonous plant. Follow the dosage.
European hoofweed- a highly poisonous plant. Use with great caution.
Flat-leaved ragwort (rhombolifolia)- Most ragwort alkaloids have a carcinogenic effect.
Buckthorn brittle- poisonous plant. Consumption is associated with the risk of poisoning (nausea, vomiting).
Yellow egg capsule- poisonous plant.
White water lily- poisonous plant.
European swimsuit- poisonous plant (especially roots).
Kupena medicinal- all parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the berries.
May lily of the valley- poisonous plant.
Common toadflax- toxic in overdose.
Poppy sleeping pill- poisonous plant. When taking poppy preparations, drug addiction occurs. Take only under medical supervision.
Common juniper- poisonous plant.
Soapwort officinalis- in large doses causes dyspeptic reactions. Requires strict medical supervision.
Foxglove purple- a highly poisonous plant. Use only as prescribed by a doctor.
Comfrey officinalis- poisonous plant. Internal use requires strict dosage.
mistletoe- poisonous plant. When taking orally, be careful.
Caustic sedum- a poisonous plant, used with caution.
Full-time wildflower- poisonous plant.
male fern- a highly poisonous plant. Not prescribed for low blood pressure, kidney and liver diseases, stomach and duodenal ulcers, pregnancy.
Nightshade bittersweet- poisonous plant.
Nightshade black- poisonous plant. Ingestion requires caution.
White step- poisonous plant. Overdose can cause bloody diarrhea and nephritis.
Water pepper- poisonous plant.
Tansy- toxic. Contraindicated for pregnant women and children.
Peony evasive- a highly poisonous plant. Internal use requires caution and strict dosage.
Ivy - poisonous plant. In cases of hypersensitivity, contact with raw materials may cause dermatitis.
Wormwood- prolonged use can lead to intoxication.
Meadow lumbago- a very poisonous plant.
Rhodiola rosea (golden root)- follow the dosage exactly. Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor.
Rhododendron golden- poisonous plant. An overdose can cause poisoning. Contraindicated for kidney disease.
Rue fragrant- poisonous in large doses. Contraindicated for pregnant women.
Senna - cassia aquifolia (leaves)- large doses cause stomach cramps.
Lilac- poisonous plant. Use internally with caution.
Homemade plum- the seeds are poisonous (amygdoline).
Ergot (uterine horns)- a highly poisonous plant. Application requires great caution and mandatory medical supervision.
Thamus vulgaris- poisonous plant. Irritates the digestive tract, causing vomiting and diarrhea. Use both internally and externally with caution.
Thermopsis lanceolata- poisonous plant.
Thorn (thorn)- the seeds are poisonous (amygdoline).
Yarrow- the dosage must be strictly observed. Long-term use and overdose cause dizziness and skin rashes.
Fragrant violet- poisonous plant.
Physalis vulgare- the calyxes of the fruit are poisonous.
Common hop- poisonous plant. Treatment is carried out under the supervision of a doctor.
Cheremitsa white- a very poisonous plant. External use can also cause severe poisoning, even death.
Black root officinalis- poisonous plant.
Chistets forest- poisonous plant.
Great celandine- a poisonous plant, all parts are poisonous, especially the roots. Strictly observe the dosage.
Ephedra bispica- poisonous plant. Use internally with caution in case of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and severe organic pathologies.
Fraxinella- contact with the plant, especially during flowering, can cause severe skin lesions, similar to burns, which are painful and difficult to heal.
Tall ash- poisonous plant.
Along with medicinal herbs that are beneficial to health, poisonous plants with poisonous properties are also found in nature. According to scientists, there are more than 10,000 poisonous plants on Earth. Many of these plants are powerful medicines, but you need to know the dosage. Paracelsus, an eminent physician of the past, wisely stated: “Only the dose makes a substance a poison or a medicine.”
Many serious diseases are treated with poisonous plants. Already, more than 160 species of poisonous plants are used in medicine. These poisonous plants have a number of remarkable properties. They can also be used for heart disease, as a hemostatic and analgesic.
Poisoning by plants occurs mainly in the spring and summer.
Most often, people who are unfamiliar with these plants, as well as children, who often grab and chew anything, are at risk. Most often, when poisoned by poisonous plants, the nervous system is affected. Many poisonous plants act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, causing very severe poisoning, and can also act on the heart muscle, liver, and skin, causing various allergic reactions, blisters appear, and severe itching is noted.
Let's look at some of them to know how to use them if necessary and what to be wary of when using them. Be careful and attentive.
White acacia.
Grows mainly in the southern regions of Russia. Its height can reach 15 m. It blooms in May with white fragrant clusters of flowers. Some of them love bees. Acacia flowers are used for medicinal purposes.
The roots and bark of acacia contain substances that are harmful to our body and can cause poisoning.
Symptoms of poisoning: nausea, vomiting, cramping abdominal pain, diarrhea. There may be bloody stools, blood in the urine, acute cardiovascular failure. Severe mental disorders, convulsions, and loss of consciousness are possible. First aid: Gastric lavage 2-3 times, add 2-3 grains of potassium permanganate to the water when rinsing. Give activated carbon 2 tablets every 2 hours. In case of severe poisoning, give cardiac medications - valocordin, hawthorn tincture... And be sure to call a doctor.
Aconite (fighter root, blue buttercup, Issyk-Kul root).
Genus from the buttercup family. The poisonous properties of aconite have been known since ancient times. It is found in forests and copses, in ravines and gardens, along the banks of rivers and lakes. The degree of toxicity of the plant depends on the time of year, soil and age. The tubers of the plant are the most poisonous. Yellow flowers aconite are very beautiful, but it is not recommended to collect them for a bouquet.
Symptoms of poisoning:
salivation, burning in the mouth, numbness of the tip of the tongue, lips, tips of the fingers and toes, a feeling of crawling, sensations of heat and cold in the extremities, blurred vision, breathing becomes more rapid and shallow, sudden cessation of breathing may occur. Blood pressure drops sharply, cardiac activity is impaired.
First aid: Gastric lavage, saline laxatives, activated carbon, 2 tablets every hour. If the heart weakens and breathing is weak, artificial respiration and chest compressions are performed. Call a doctor.
Henbane black.
A poisonous plant from the nightshade family. Belongs to the category of weeds. An inconspicuous plant with large flowers with a funnel-shaped dirty white corolla covered with small purple veins. It blooms all summer and has an unpleasant smell. The fruits appear in June-August. The seeds are located in a two-nest box, widening towards the bottom. The top of the box is closed with a lid. At the age of two, the root is turnip-shaped, up to 2.5 cm thick, gray-white inside. Distributed everywhere, growing in gardens, orchards, vacant lots, fields, and near homes. The plant is very poisonous. In one season it produces up to 10,000 seeds.
Symptoms of poisoning: within 30-40 minutes dry mouth, thirst, motor agitation, blurred vision, breathing, dizziness, general weakness, nervous system disorder appear. The victim behaves violently. “I’ve eaten too much henbane,” people say. In severe cases, loss of consciousness, convulsions occur, and death may occur. First aid: urgent gastric lavage, constant observation, hospitalization
Belladonna (belladonna).
A perennial poisonous herbaceous plant from the nightshade family with a thick green or purple stem. Reaches a height of 1.5-2 m. The leaves are large, ovate, entire and pointed. Lower leaves alternate, single, upper ones are arranged in pairs, usually one of them is larger than the other, covered with small veins. The flowers are large, solitary, tubular-bell-shaped. Blooms in June-August, bears fruit in September. Belladonna is more common in the southern regions of our country - Crimea, Caucasus. All parts of the plant are poisonous. Children who are attracted to the shiny, cherry-like belladonna berries are more often poisoned. 3 - 5 berries are enough to cause severe poisoning in a child.
Symptoms of poisoning: dry mouth, hoarseness, nausea, dizziness, fever, redness of the face, rapid pulse. In severe cases, convulsions and hallucinations occur. Coma and death may occur. First aid: urgent gastric lavage, constant observation, hospitalization.
Hemlock.
Belongs to the genus of weeds. This is a biennial poisonous plant from the Umbelliferae family; in the early years it looks like parsley. Has a mousey smell. It grows in neglected and abandoned areas, in weedy places, along the banks of lakes and rivers.
Symptoms of poisoning: changes in the central nervous system are noted. The limbs become heavy and unruly, and paralysis develops. Death occurs from paralysis of the respiratory center. First aid is the same as for henbane poisoning.
Hogweed.
A poisonous plant from the umbrella family. All parts of the plant are poisonous. Upon contact with the plant and when the plant juice gets on the skin, inflammatory phenomena develop.
First aid: rinse the skin with water, lubricate the damaged areas with an alcohol solution of methylene blue, apply ointment with hydrocortisone or anesthesin.
Elderberry is stinky.
ELDERBORN HERBAL. ELDERBORN STINKY. LOW-GROWING ELDERBERRY (greenberry)
A perennial plant, a shrub 50-60 cm high with a straight, branched, grooved stem and a white core. The leaves are odd-pinnate, with 5-9 oblong-lanceolate, serrate-pointed leaves. The stipules are leaf-shaped, lanceolate, and also serrate. The inflorescence is a flat, shield-shaped, erect panicle with three main branches. The flowers are small, with petals white inside, pinkish outside, with red anthers. Blooms in June-July. The berries are black and ripen in August-September.
The entire plant (and not just the leaves alone, like black elderberry) has a specific unpleasant odor. Mostly, the herbaceous elderberry grows on the Right Bank of Ukraine and in its western regions: along roads, on pastures, in weedy places, in ravines, it often forms thickets, and loves clay soil.
The root of the plant is used for medicinal purposes. Elderberry is used only in folk medicine. Preparations from the root (when used internally) are a fairly strong diuretic, which is recommended for inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis) and mainly for effusions into the abdominal cavity and cardiac sac.
Elderberry root is also useful for various diseases of the bladder, as well as for diabetes, often in combination with other herbs that have a similar effect on the body. The leaves and flowers are rarely consumed, and the berries are not used at all - they are poisonous, especially unripe ones. In case of poisoning, neurotoxic effects occur.
Application:
A decoction of finely chopped roots: two teaspoons per glass of boiling water; take 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day.
It is better to use it as a tincture: 20 g of crushed root per 100 ml of alcohol or vodka, infuse for 8 days in a warm place. Take 15 drops of alcohol tincture, and 30 drops of vodka tincture 3 times a day.
Infusion: 30 g of roots per 1 liter of boiling water, take 1 glass 3 times a day.
Wolf's bast (wolfberry).
Distributed in the Caucasus, in the middle forest and forest-steppe zones of Russia, in Western and Central Siberia. This is an erect shrub that blooms in May-April with fragrant pink tubular flowers that sit on leafless stems and branches in groups of 2-3 inflorescences. The fruits are bright red, juicy drupes cover the stem and branches below the leaves in July-August. The entire plant is poisonous.
Symptoms of poisoning: when ingesting juice or berries, acute inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa is observed. The victim complains of pain in the throat, stomach, dizziness, convulsions, and vomiting.
First aid: Gastric lavage followed by taking egg whites with water. Taking activated carbon 3-5 grams 3 times within 1 hour. Deep clean enema warm water. It is not recommended to eat rough and hard foods during the week.
After touching the wet bark or getting the sap of the plant, blisters and ulcers may appear on the human skin.
Crow's eye (quatrefoil).
Belongs to the lily family, perennial, glabrous stem, up to 35 cm tall. At the top of the stem there are 4 leaves, collected in a whorl. Blooms in May-June. The fruit is a bluish-black berry that ripens in August. The plant is very poisonous. The fruits cause vomiting, and if you eat a lot, severe poisoning occurs.
Not used in official medicine. In folk medicine they use it very carefully in the form of a tincture: 1 tbsp. spoon per 1 liter of vodka, leave in a dark place for 14 days. Shake occasionally. Strain. It is used for pulmonary tuberculosis, mental disorders, and chronic headaches.
Symptoms of poisoning: vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dry mouth, photophobia, swallowing and speech disorders, convulsions, hallucinations, cardiac activity is depressed. Coma and death may develop.
First aid: gastric lavage followed by ingestion of 3-5 grams of activated carbon and enveloping agents (egg white, starchy mucus, milk), high enema. Urgent hospitalization.
Field bindweed.
There are more than 35 species of bindweed in the world. In Russia, field bindweed is considered the most common. Field bindweed is a weed. Bindweed has a long curly or creeping stem up to 1 m long. The flowers are white or pink and have a pleasant smell. It grows in fields, vegetable gardens, along roads, and on abandoned plots of land. The main active ingredient of the plant is convulvin, which has a strong laxative effect, especially in the roots of the plant. In folk medicine, field bindweed is used as a laxative, diuretic and hemostatic agent. Bindweed is used in the form of powder, infusion and tincture. Powder from the roots is used for severe constipation, drink 1 gram (at the tip of a knife).
The powder is used externally for purulent wounds in the form of powders.
Tincture: pour 2 parts of the grass and flowers of field bindweed with 4 parts of vodka. Leave for 14 days in a dark place, strain. Take 10 drops 2 times a day as a hemostatic and laxative.
Symptoms of poisoning: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain. If these symptoms appear, you must stop taking these bindweed preparations and cleanse your stomach and intestines with lavage and an enema. Convolvulus preparations are contraindicated for children and pregnant women.
Datura common.
This is an annual herbaceous plant with a forked-branched erect stem up to 1.5 m high. It belongs to the nightshade family. The leaves are large, alternate, on long petioles, pointed, toothed. The leaves are up to 25 cm long, 4-6 cm wide. The leaves are dark green above, light green below. The flowers are white, large, single up to 6 cm. They are located in the forks of the stem. Datura blooms in June-August and bears fruit in September. The plant emits an unpleasant, intoxicating odor. Datura grows in abandoned places, along roads and fences. Distributed in southern Russia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia.
Datura leaves are collected for medicinal use. They are dried in the shade and crushed. In folk medicine, Datura is used for bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, convulsive cough, spasms, and convulsions. Used as tincture or leaf powder. Symptoms of poisoning and first aid measures for poisoning with dope are the same as for poisoning with belladonna.
Larkspur (spur).
Larkspur belongs to the buttercup family. This is an annual or perennial plant. It has a straight, bare and branched stem up to 1 m high. The flowers are purple, less often white or pink. Blooms from June to September. Widely distributed in the southern and middle regions of the country. Refers to weeds.
Some alkaloids contained in the plant are used in anesthesia during surgical operations. ethnoscience recommends the use of larkspur in the treatment of helminthic infestations and jaundice. Externally, preparations from it are used in the form of compresses for fractures. It is not recommended to use the plant inside, as the plant is very poisonous.
Symptoms of poisoning: impaired breathing and cardiac activity, a sharp drop in blood pressure, convulsions.
First aid: gastric lavage, laxatives and emetics. In case of cardiac arrest - artificial respiration.
Indian hemp (hashish, marijuana, anasha...).
Poisoning is possible by inhaling tobacco smoke along with these substances, as well as by ingesting them. These poisonous plants have a psychotropic effect on the body due to a narcotic, halluciogenic effect on the central nervous system.
Symptoms of poisoning: during poisoning, psychomotor agitation occurs, pupils dilate, tinnitus, and vivid visual hallucinations appear. After 2-3 hours, general weakness, lethargy, tearfulness and long, deep sleep occur. During sleep, the pulse is slow and body temperature is reduced. There may be a drop in blood pressure.
First aid: gastric lavage, activated carbon, 2 tablets every hour, diuretics, drugs that support heart function, call a doctor.
European hoofweed.
A perennial herbaceous plant from the Kirkazonaceae family. Kopyten - evergreen is a decoration of our deciduous and mixed forests. The leaves are leathery and shiny. The flowers are solitary, small, white on the outside, dark purple on the inside. The plant blooms in May and bears fruit in July.
In official medicine, coffin is not used. In folk medicine it is used as a mild laxative, choleretic and diuretic. It is especially widely used for inflammation of the sciatic nerve. In some regions of Russia, the plant is used as an anthelmintic and antifever agent, for the treatment of neurasthenia, alcoholism, and in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
To treat chronic alcoholism, use the root of the European hoofed grass: 1 tsp. finely ground root, pour 1 cup of boiling water, leave in a tightly sealed container for 3 - 4 hours, strain. Take with vodka (pour 1 tablespoon discreetly into a glass of alcohol). The plant is effective. After 3-4 doses, most alcoholics develop a persistent aversion to alcohol.
As an emetic, take 1/2 g of root powder per dose. M.A. Nossal recommends taking an infusion of coffin root with budra herb and agrimony herb to treat chronic bronchitis.
Symptoms of poisoning: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. In case of severe poisoning, there may be acute damage to the renal glomeruli.
First aid: Gastric lavage with a solution of potassium permanganate. Inside mucous decoctions, egg white. High cleansing enema.
Buttercup is poisonous.
Belongs to the ranunculaceae family. The herb is poisonous and contains the toxic substance protoanemonin. It has a neurotoxic and local irritant effect on the human body.
Symptoms of poisoning: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. When taking large doses of a toxic substance, the victim's arterial pressure and convulsions occur. When buttercup juice gets on the skin, dermatitis occurs. especially in children.
First aid: Gastric lavage, castor oil orally, give any diuretics. Prepare a mash of 200 ml of 10% castor oil emulsion, add 2 grams of biomycin, 2 grams of anesthesin, 20 grams of sugar syrup, give 1 tbsp. 5-6 times a day. Coating agents (tannin, raw eggs...).
May lily of the valley.
A perennial herbaceous plant from the lily family. It has a creeping cone, from which two basal leaves emerge, surrounding a flower arrow with a cluster of white flowers, usually 10 - 12. The fruit is a red-orange berry. Lily of the valley blooms in May and bears fruit in August-September.
The active ingredients of lily of the valley are cardiac glycosides. In official medicine, lily of the valley preparations are widely used in the treatment of cardioneuroses and heart failure. In addition, lily of the valley preparations are indispensable for those heart patients who cannot tolerate digitalis and its preparations. Lily of the valley preparations do not accumulate in the body with long-term use, so they are more harmless than any other glycosides. Cardiac glycosides of lily of the valley regulate energy and fat metabolism in the heart muscle, improve blood supply to the myocardium, improve metabolic processes in the body, and have a calming effect on the central nervous system.
Lily of the valley preparations are contraindicated for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys. Lily of the valley is one of the plants that takes energy. Therefore, if you place a bouquet of lily of the valley flowers by your bed at night, you will experience general malaise and headaches.
Lily of the valley is a poisonous plant. All its parts are poisonous, especially severe poisoning develops in children after eating lily of the valley berries. There are known cases of fatal poisoning after drinking water containing a bouquet of lily of the valley flowers. When poisoned, the heart is the first to suffer. In case of mild poisoning, the matter is limited to nausea and vomiting. Gastric lavage and cleansing enema are necessary. Give carbolene (10-15 tablets) and small pieces of ice.
Almond.
A low fruit tree with falling leaves. It is found in two varieties - sweet and bitter. Bitter almonds are poisonous. Children can be poisoned by 5-10 fruits. Bitter and sweet almonds are the same in appearance, but in taste and chemical composition are sharply different. Bitter almonds contain hydrocyanic acid, so the symptoms of poisoning and emergency measures will be the same as for stone fruit poisoning.
Digitalis.
This is a biennial herbaceous plant found in Russia, Ukraine, the Caucasus, and the southern regions Krasnodar region. Grows along forest edges, small groves and forests. All parts are poisonous.
Symptoms of poisoning: In case of overdose or prolonged use, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur. Urination may sharply decrease, even in the presence of edema.
First aid: Gastric lavage, saline laxative, activated carbon orally, 2 tablets every 1 hour, general warm baths, administration of atropine drugs, urgent hospitalization.
Oleander.
A beautiful lush tree with large white, pink and red flowers. The entire plant is poisonous. It is dangerous to taste the shoots and leaves, it is dangerous to breathe in the aroma of beautiful flowers. Under no circumstances should you allow oleander juice to get into your eyes when pruning trees. Even if you hold leaves and flowers in your hands, you need to wash your hands well with soap.
Symptoms of poisoning: cramps and pain throughout the abdomen, diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of skin sensitivity, convulsions. The pulse is slow at first, then its rhythm is disrupted, the victim feels a lack of oxygen and suffocation. There is a bluish discoloration of the skin.
First aid: Give the victim complete rest, rinse the stomach with water with activated carbon and 0.5% tannin solution, cold on the stomach, in case of nausea and vomiting, swallow pieces of ice, hospitalization is required.
Male fern.
Perennial herbaceous plant. Found in damp, shady places. All parts of the fern plant are poisonous. Even when collecting plants, care should be taken.
Symptoms of poisoning: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, depression of cardiac activity and respiratory center, blurred vision, convulsions.
First aid: Saline laxatives and gastric lavage, introducing as much fluid as possible into the body, warm baths. It is strictly forbidden to take castor oil, as damage to the optic nerve may develop and blindness may occur.
Nightshade bittersweet
Berries, especially unripe ones, and grass are poisonous.
Symptoms of poisoning: dizziness, dilated pupils, unsteadiness of gait, tachycardia, diarrhea, psychomotor agitation, hallucinations.
First aid: Saline laxatives and gastric lavage, oral diuretics in therapeutic doses.
Sleep-grass (lumbago)
Belongs to the ranunculaceae family. All parts of the plant are covered with whitish-gray down. It blooms in April - May before the leaves bloom. The flowers are broadly bell-shaped, purple, less often white. The flowers of the plant are very beautiful, so they are often collected for bouquets. Sleep grass is found in deciduous or mixed forests, more often on the edges, clearings, or thawed areas, since the plant is light-loving. The plant is gradually becoming rare and is listed in the Red Book.
In folk medicine, sleep herb is used as an expectorant for whooping cough, bronchitis, and pneumonia. It is often used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and sedative. Sleep-herb is used in gynecology, for joint diseases, epilepsy, neurotic conditions, hysteria, insomnia, and sexual overstimulation. Externally used as an antifungal and antimicrobial agent.
In one of the old handwritten collections of the 16th century, the following is said about dream-grass: “Son-grass is small in itself, grows in groves and on hills, the color is blue, it blooms about St. Nicholas, and when it has finished blooming, all the columns are fluffy: it is good from the joint he drives out aches and hernias, and cleanses the womb, and induces sleep, but through negligence of acceptance he causes death.”
First aid: Rinse the stomach, activated carbon and other coating agents (eggs, milk)
In case of vomiting and pain in the stomach, swallow pieces of ice.
Great celandine.
A perennial poisonous herbaceous plant of the poppy family. Reaches a height of 1 m, the stem is straight and branched. All parts of the plant contain a yellowish milky sap. Grows in shady, damp places, along the banks of rivers and lakes, in neglected gardens, thinned areas of forest. Celandine grass is harvested at the beginning of flowering.
Celandine is one of the most popular medicinal plants middle zone and southern Russia. But before you use it like remedy, you need to know that celandine is considered a strong poisonous plant and an overdose can result in poisoning (see below).
In treatment it is used as an anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimicrobial agent. Celandine and preparations made from it heal wounds well and cope with fungal diseases. An infusion or decoction of the herb is used internally for diseases of the liver, pancreas, gout, cholelithiasis. Externally used in the treatment of psoriasis, skin tuberculosis, lichen, eczema... Used for gynecological diseases.
In folk medicine, herbal infusion, juice and powder of celandine are used. Difficult-to-heal wounds and ulcers are sprinkled with celandine powder.
Celandine is a strong convulsive poison. In case of an overdose, paralysis of the sensory nerve endings occurs, followed by paralysis of the motor endings. In case of severe poisoning, paralysis of the heart muscle and death can occur. When exposed locally, celandine preparations cause inflammation and hyperemia.
Symptoms of poisoning: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. Sometimes cause convulsions.
First aid: gastric lavage and introduction of as many fluids as possible into the blood.
Celandine preparations are contraindicated during pregnancy, epilepsy, bronchial asthma, angina pectoris. They should also not be given to children.
Folk remedies used to treat poisoning
In ancient Tibetan and Indian medicine, potato juice was and is considered one of the best antidotes for various poisonings. A mixture of milk and egg white is given in case of poisoning to support vomiting.
Orchis tuber powder is used as an enveloping agent for poisoning. Before use, the tubers are peeled, strung on a thread and immersed in boiling water for a few seconds. Then it is dried in the shade and ground into powder.
When poisoning with hemlock, belladonna, henbane or foxglove, patients are given large quantities of vinegar diluted with water to drink. If you don’t have vinegar on hand, then traditional medicine recommends giving the patient a glass of sorrel, cranberry or currant juice. You can also use cucumber juice, beet juice, cabbage or cucumber brine, or very sour kvass.
If the liver is damaged as a result of poisoning, then a decoction of elecampane root 20 grams per 300 ml of water has a good effect, take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day before meals.
Since ancient times, dill has been used as an antidote in Russian folk medicine in the form of powder, herbs or ground seeds - 1/2 tsp each. every 15 minutes, three times.
Valerian root has always been considered an ancient antidote for various poisonings: 1 tsp. chopped root per 500 ml. water, boil for 5 minutes, strain, take 100 ml every hour.
Or anise decoction, depending on the degree of poisoning, take from 6 to 15 anise fruits per 400 ml. water, boil for 12-15 minutes. Drink 100 ml and try to induce vomiting. After cleansing the stomach, drink another 100 ml of decoction.
Probably every person has once heard about the benefits of medicinal plants and that almost every plant that is found around us has healing properties. Our ancestors knew how to use this or that herb for therapeutic purposes, and much of their knowledge has reached us and remains relevant to this day. Among all healing plants, there is a certain group of crops that are poisonous. It would seem, what can be achieved by using plants of this kind?! But it turns out that when used correctly, they can work real miracles - cure even very serious diseases. Let's discuss the use of medicinal poisonous plants in folk medicine.
Use of poisonous plants
May lily of the valley
This medicinal plant has long found its use in folk medicine. This attractive plant is used to treat various diseases of the heart and blood vessels. It is used to correct acute or chronic heart failure, heart defects and hypertension. It has an excellent vasoconstrictor effect and improves blood circulation.
This plant also has sedative qualities, so it is sometimes used in the treatment of neuroses, epilepsy, headaches and insomnia. Sometimes healers recommend using lily of the valley in the treatment of paralysis, thyroid diseases and disorders of the urinary system.
Great celandine
This plant is one of the most popular medicinal crops. It is used externally to eliminate pimples, blackheads, burn lesions, abscesses, boils and herpes. There is evidence that celandine helps cope with fungal infections of the skin and nails, eczema, skin tuberculosis, psoriasis, seborrhea, etc.
If we talk about internal consumption, medications based on this plant are often recommended to be taken for cancer diseases of various localizations. In addition, drugs for internal use help treat tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, gastritis, whooping cough, cough, ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and inflammation of the large intestine. Celandine helps cope with diseases of the liver and gall bladder; it is recommended to be used in the treatment of gallstone disease and hepatitis. This plant is also effective for goiter, etc.
Digitalis
This is a fairly common plant that is most often used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Preparations based on it help treat chronic heart failure and severe circulatory disorders. Digitalis effectively eliminates cardiac edema and benefits patients with hypertension and tachycardia. It should be taken for the correction of acute infectious lesions, thyrotoxicosis, atrial fibrillation, etc. Healers advise using digitalis for many skin ailments; it has an excellent anesthetic effect.
A few more medicinal and poisonous plants used in folk medicine:
Lumbago or Dream-grass
This beautiful herb is widely used by healers to treat various health disorders. It helps achieve an expectorant effect, so it should be used in the treatment of whooping cough, bronchitis and pneumonia. This medicinal plant also helps to achieve an analgesic effect, eliminates inflammation and soothes. Sleep herb is used in the gynecological field; it also treats joint ailments, epilepsy, neurotic conditions, hysteria, insomnia, and sexual overstimulation. In addition, such a plant can be used externally - for the treatment of fungal diseases and as an antimicrobial agent.
Aconite
This is a well-known poisonous plant, which, nevertheless, is widely used by traditional medicine specialists. There is evidence that such a culture has a pronounced antiseptic effect, helps eliminate inflammation, helps treat tumors and neutralize spasms. Traditional medicine specialists use preparations based on aconite in the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and neuralgia. Such funds can help patients with various oncological diseases. They are recommended for use in the correction of epilepsy, headaches and hypertension. There is evidence that aconite can contribute to a speedy recovery from pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, diphtheria, etc.
This plant is also sometimes used as an anthelmintic and wound healing agent.
Henbane black
This is a very poisonous plant, which, however, effectively treats many health problems. Traditional medicine specialists use black henbane to correct seizures, hysteria and nervous tics. This plant helps to cope with menstrual irregularities and pathological menopause. Some drugs based on it help treat bronchial asthma, spasms in the intestines and bladder. In addition, henbane extract is a common remedy for the treatment of cancer.
External use of this plant allows you to cope with joint diseases, abscesses, tumors and bone tuberculosis.
Marsh rosemary
This is another poisonous plant that is popular with healers. Ledum is used as a vasodilator; in addition, it effectively suppresses cough. Accordingly, drugs based on it help cope with bronchitis, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, whooping cough and hypertension. In addition, this plant is recommended for patients with enterocolitis, diseases of the cardiovascular system, etc.
External use of wild rosemary helps eliminate a variety of skin diseases, joint ailments, myositis and neuritis.
There are a lot of plants that are poisonous and at the same time medicinal in folk medicine, which are not included in this description or in many others open to the general public. It is better to use poisonous medicinal plants after the approval of your doctor and only strictly following the dosage. Independent use according to any schemes is categorically not advisable.
