Korean fir (Abies koreana) is a real find for lovers of minimalism in the garden or busy people because of its unpretentiousness. And you can judge the amazing beauty of this coniferous tree from the photographs.
Some varieties Korean fir so unusual that they make everyone who saw her for the first time stop for a long time.
The homeland of this type of fir is South Korea, but it quickly spread throughout the world, and new beautiful varieties appeared. Breeders love Korean fir and today there are dozens of varieties, among which we have selected the most popular and beautiful.
This variety of Korean fir tolerates heat well and is perfect for relatively warm areas. Despite its height, it grows slowly, adding 8-10 cm annually. This conifer tree has a regular conical or pyramidal shape and looks amazingly beautiful, especially with its bluish cones, very densely located on the branches.
One of the most unusual conifers from Korean fir trees due to its needles. The photo below shows it very well - the needles are flat, blunt, and in the lower part there are two whitish stripes. A very decorative variety.
Another dwarf variety with a dome-shaped crown.
An interesting feature of this species is that it grows as a small tree with a regular spherical crown, like "Darkhill".
One of the most charming varieties among Korean firs. The compact and dense crown with short and fluffy branches often has a regular hemispherical shape, which looks very beautiful.
The variety is very similar to the dwarf "Diamond" and "Cis", but the needles are more fleshy, and the whitish-brown tips are clearly visible at the ends of the branches.
Almost all varieties of Korean fir are very beautiful and decorative. There is no description or photographs of another spectacular and popular variety - the bluish-whitish Silberlock. We have dedicated a separate article to this type of coniferous tree.
Today, a large variety of ornamental plants are grown in household plots. Previously, such trees and shrubs were rare. Today the market offers a huge selection various plants. They are adapted to the peculiarities of the domestic climate.
Ornamental trees and shrubs can decorate the landscape and bring novelty and originality to the design. One of these plants is Korean fir. Features of the growth and care of this tree will be discussed further.
Korean fir (photo below) belongs to the category of evergreen trees. It has a wide and fairly dense crown. Its shape visually resembles a cone. Young shoots have a yellowish tint. They have a grooved surface. Over time, young shoots acquire a purple color.
Trees that are ready to be planted in the ground have a smooth textured bark. During this period it is distinguished by a light gray color. With age, the bark darkens and acquires a brownish-red hue. The tree can grow up to 15 m.
The branches are covered with needles curved upward. She has a rich green tint. The needles are quite hard. They cover the shoots with a thick covering. The length of the needles is about 15 mm. Moreover, their width is quite large - up to 2.5 mm. Young plants have hard and prickly needles. With age, its tips acquire a slightly notched shape. The needles at the base are shiny. They have two wide light stripes here. The tops are different dark green coloring.
Fir cones have special form. They are distinguished by their cylindrical shape and can grow up to 7 cm in length and 2.8 cm in width. As they age, they acquire a purple tint.
Korean fir (photo can be viewed below) is found in Korea. The main habitat of these evergreen trees is Jeju Island. Almost all forests here consist of this type of fir. If a tree develops in conditions that are comfortable for it, it can live up to 150 years or even more.
Korean varieties of fir prefer to grow in open areas. This plant loves light. It can develop in the shade, however better wood feels spacious.
IN wildlife this type of tree prefers slightly acidic, loamy or slightly alkaline soils. They need quite a lot of moisture. Therefore, they prefer to be near bodies of water.
In nature, this type of fir can most often be found in the mountains. They like to grow at an altitude of 1-2 km above sea level.
Photos of Korean fir, the description of which should be considered before purchasing, can be studied further. This tree was first included in the classification coniferous plants in 1907. Its description is similar to other members of the family. However, there are a number of obvious differences.
The official name of this plant is Abies Koreana. A tree is a plant. She is part of the large department of Gymnosperms. Abies Koreana is also a member of the Pinaceae family. The plant received its name solely due to its place of growth.
Over time, fir began to be grown in Europe and Russia. The tree is adapted to climatic conditions middle zone of our country. Therefore, it is actively grown in various garden plots. Due to the peculiarities of its development in the wild, the fir of the presented species has a powerful root system. This allows the tree to hold firmly on rocky terrain and withstand winds and bad weather.
In our country they grow various varieties Korean fir. They differ not only in appearance, but also in their developmental characteristics and requirements for environmental conditions. Experts say that if you choose a fir variety at random, you may later greatly regret such a rash act.
The conditions of the site must satisfy the plant's requirements for growing conditions. Otherwise, it simply will not be able to develop here and will die. Also, existing varieties of fir of this type can differ significantly in size. There are tall and
Varieties may differ visually in crown shape and needle color. The shape of the cones also varies. This plant is planted for decorative purposes. It can also provide a large amount of oxygen in the area. In order not to make a mistake in choosing, you need to consider the features of the most popular varieties.
The Korean fir variety Silberlock is popular in our country. This is a fairly tall plant. It grows up to 5 m tall and even higher. Therefore, when planting it on your site, you need to provide enough free space around it. Also, this variety is not suitable for small, limited spaces.
Gardeners note that Silberlok grows quite slowly (no more than 12 cm/year). Another disadvantage is the fragility of the branches. However, the appearance of the needles is very unusual and beautiful. It looks like curls. The plant is adapted for growing in cold climates and is not afraid of severe frosts. Firs of the Silberlok variety do well in loose, acidic soils.
For small ones personal plots It is recommended to plant the dwarf variety Diamond. Its crown visually resembles a pillow. The fir reaches a diameter of only 65 cm. It is about 50 cm in height. The needles are soft and have a bluish tint below. No bumps appear. This variety loves light and does not tolerate drafts. The soil should be slightly acidic and loose.
The description of Korean fir can vary significantly for each variety. Thus, the tallest tree of this species, which is cultivated in the Russian climate, is Molly. This fir can grow up to 7 m in height. Its crown has a conical crown. At the same time, the tree is distinguished by gently sloping branches. They can reach up to 50 cm in length.
This variety of fir requires quite a lot of free space. It is planted in spacious garden plots, parks and squares. Molly has unusual bumps. They are very beautiful, distinguished by a blue-violet hue. The needles of this tree are dark green in color. The bottom of the needles has a silvery sheen.
The Molly variety likes to grow in spacious but closed areas. The plant does not tolerate drafts. Fir is also demanding on the amount of light. There must be a lot of it. The plant does not need abundant watering. However, Molly does not like drought either.
Low-growing varieties Korean fir are Compact and Blue Emperor. The first of these plants belongs to the category dwarf trees. It reaches a height of 80 cm. The shape is symmetrical and beautiful. The color of the needles is blue. Almost no bumps. The variety loves open areas and plenty of sun. The compact grows well on clay soils. This variety can decorate any area.
Some large sizes characterized by the Blue Emperor variety. This plant reaches a height of 1.5 m. It is a good option for both small and spacious areas. This is the only variety of fir of the presented type that prefers to grow in the shade.
The needles of the Blue Emperor variety are very thick, but short. It is soft and pleasant to the touch. It has purple shade. This gives the tree unusual look. The cones also differ in a similar shade. They may be purple or bluish. This variety is not afraid of wind. It is even planted next to fruit plants. This fir protects other trees from the winds.
Korean fir, planting and caring for which requires certain theoretical knowledge, requires detailed consideration. This will determine whether the tree can take root on the site. In the wild, this plant grows in temperate and subtropical climate zones. It is important to choose the right place for planting.
When choosing a site on which a seedling will grow, you need to be guided by the characteristics and requirements of a particular variety. Most firs of this species prefer light. They do not tolerate drafts, so the area must be protected from gusty winds. The root system will need enough space. It is also worth considering the size of the fir variety.
Firs of this species do not have high soil requirements. It may not contain large quantity nutrients. The soil can be almost anything. The tree will grow even in loamy soil types. However, it feels more comfortable on light sandy soils. To ensure stable and proper development of the seedling, you need to add to the soil organic fertilizers. The tree will not grow in areas where water collects and stagnates.
Having correctly chosen the place for planting Korean fir, you can begin this process. It is important to choose the right time to carry out such work. Landing is carried out in early spring. The procedure must be carried out before young shoots appear on the tree.
You can replant fir that has reached 4 years of age. Younger seedlings will not be able to adapt and develop in new conditions. In summer, they most likely will not withstand the heat. Even if the tree can survive this period, it will freeze in winter. Also, transplantation is performed if the tree has not reached the age of 10 years.
The hole is dug in accordance with the characteristics of the root system of the variety. It should have a depth of 50 to 85 cm. Humus and peat mixed with soil are poured into the hole. These components are poured in the form of a mound. Fir roots spread along its slopes. Next they are covered with soil. The root collar should not be deep underground. The fir is watered with 2-3 buckets of water.
Korean fir, the care of which depends on the time of year, type of soil, type of tree, is quite simple. Dwarf varieties are planted in special containers. They need to be watered and fertilized more often. In such containers they are limited in access to the necessary components for harmonious growth.
Watering should be done more often for seedlings and young trees. Their root system has not yet taken hold. Therefore, they need more water. Newly planted fir trees are watered at least 3 times a month. Young trees can be watered 2-3 times a season. If the weather is hot and dry, you can do this procedure more often.
After watering, the soil near the fir must be loosened. To ensure good air flow to the roots, you need to add sawdust near the fir trunk. This procedure is carried out in autumn and spring. Young trees need to be covered with paper for the winter. You can't wrap them up.
Korean fir does not require a large amount of fertilizing. Fertilizers are applied to the soil 5 years after planting. In this case, special compounds intended for coniferous trees are used.
There is no need to trim fir branches. However, you can make the plant more magnificent with the help of special care. It is necessary to improve the shoots that grow in the center. Every year you need to remove dry branches and cones from the tree. This procedure makes the plant more decorative.
It should be noted that when planting a fir, you should not move it to another place. The plant does not tolerate such stress well. Therefore, the choice of landing site must be taken responsibly.
KOREAN FIR
Among coniferous plants in landscape design, Korean fir is notable. In addition to its distinctive appearance and variety of varieties, it deserves attention because it is one of the few representatives of the genus that can withstand the climate of the middle zone. But before you go shopping at the nursery or garden center, ask whether the conditions of your site are suitable for growing fir, whether you are able to provide the tree with proper care, what type of Korean fir and growth rate will correspond to your landscaping plans. First, let's take a brief excursion into botany.
Korean fir variety Silberlocke
Botanical portrait
Origin. Korean fir is an endemic coniferous plant, natural habitat which is the south of Korea and the volcanic island of Jeju, which belongs to this country. Thanks to its beauty, unpretentiousness and versatility, it has gained popularity almost all over the world. Korean fir was introduced in Europe, Southeast Asia and America.
Place in biocenoses. In its homeland, Korean fir is common in mountainous areas at an altitude of 1000 - 1900 m above sea level. Occasionally it can grow as a separate plant, but usually forms monospecific forests. Often grows together with other coniferous plant Ayanskaya spruce . On the mainland it forms mixed forests with Erman's birch.
Taxonomy. Korean fir - Abies koreana - belongs to the Gymnosperm department, class of Coniferous plants. The genus Abies Fir is included in the Pine family (Pinaceae). The fir received its specific name due to its habitat.
Description. Korean fir is an evergreen coniferous tree, reaching a height of 15-18 m. The crown of young trees is cone-shaped or pyramidal, while in adult Korean fir the crown is spreading-pyramidal. The type of branching is monopodial, that is, fir is a tree with a pronounced central trunk, from which branches of the second and third order extend.
◄ Korean fir, variety Aurea ("Aurea")
The color of the bark of adult plants is gray. Characteristic sign– deep cracks in the bark, along the edges of the cracks the color of the bark is reddish, red-brown or purple-brown. On young shoots and trunks of young trees, the bark is smooth, light gray in color, sometimes with reddish or purple hues.
The needles are flat, with a pronounced dorsal and ventral surface. The color of the upper surface of adult needles is dark green, it is smooth and shiny. Young needles are light green or grassy in color. The lower surface of the needles is matte, whitish, with a pronounced central vein.
The ends of adult needles are blunt and rounded, while young needles sometimes have sharp ends. Korean fir needles are single, curved, reaching 1.5-2 cm in length. The width of the needles does not exceed 2.5 mm. Flat needles with a pronounced dorso-ventral surface characteristic morphological feature genus Fir (Abies). Thanks to this, fir is easy to distinguish from spruce, whose needles are triangular in cross-section.
The color of young Korean fir cones is violet with ultramarine or purple hues; mature cones are light brown. The shape of the cones is barrel-shaped, cylindrical, length 5-9 cm, diameter 2-3 cm.
Korean fir cones grow vertically upward, like candles, a distinctive morphological characteristic of the genus Abies.
Seeds with “wings” for aerodynamics: seeds are spread by the wind.
Korean fir cones, Silberlock variety
CONDITIONS FOR GROWING KOREAN FIR. CARE
Temperature. Korean fir is native to the tropical zone, but in its homeland it grows in the mountains. Therefore, it can withstand significant seasonal temperature fluctuations. Most varieties of Korean fir belong to 5 frost resistance zone
, which means they can withstand temperatures down to – 26-28°C. Breeders have managed to increase the frost resistance of Korean fir, and some of its varieties grow in zone 4, wintering at temperatures of -31-34.6°C. Young firs are less winter-hardy
than adults, so for the first couple of years they need to be covered for the winter.
Lighting. Korean fir loves good lighting and tolerates direct sunlight without suffering from burns. The tree can grow in light partial shade, but shady places should be avoided when planting fir. Hybrids with colored and light green needles need better lighting than varieties with dark green needles. Small plants have very delicate needles and can get sunburned in February-March, so at this time they need to be shaded with breathable light material, such as gauze.
◄ Korean fir, needles from the Silberlock variety
Substrate. Fertile, slightly acidic substrates with good to moderate aeration and drainage are most suitable for planting Korean fir. Its root system is highly branched and does not penetrate far into the depths. Therefore, the tree does not like compaction of the substrate around the trunk. After planting the fir for better growth it is important to leave a near-trunk circle.
Humidity and watering. A lover of wet substrates, Korean fir does not tolerate stagnation of water, which causes its root system to rot. If the soil is very dry, it will suffer from a lack of moisture, since its root system is superficial. In order for the fir to grow better without experiencing discomfort, the soil around the plant needs to be mulched with sawdust or pine needles. Mulching is especially important for small trees and dwarf forms of Korean fir.
LANDING
Most of everything planting material supplied to the market in the pots in which the tree was grown. Such seedlings take root well, so Korean fir grown in a container can be planted at any time of the year, even in winter, if a planting hole and nutrient soil (not frozen) have been prepared in advance. But it is better to do this from spring to autumn.
Korean fir, Ice Breaker variety
The sequence when planting Korean fir from a pot is standard: digging landing pit corresponding to the size of the pot, → removing the seedling from the pot with a lump of earth → placing it in the planting hole so that the root collar remains at the same level, → filling the hole with fertile soil while simultaneously applying fertilizer according to the instructions → watering → mulching → shading from the sun, for example , spruce branches or installing a shield nearby. The same rules are followed when planting large-sized Korean fir.
How to plant a big heavy tree on our own difficult, they resort to the help of special equipment and professionals.
Sometimes in a nursery you can buy a 2-3-year-old seedling with an open root system, dug up in your place. The advantage of such a plant, first of all, is that you know for sure: it grew in your climatic region, which means it will withstand winter well, first of all. After purchase, the root must be immediately covered with damp burlap, and to prevent moisture from evaporating, place it in a plastic bag during delivery. At home, the seedling should be immediately planted in the ground or dug in, watered and shaded.
REPRODUCTION
Korean fir is propagated by seeds, which are sown in the ground or in boxes with soil in late autumn. For better germination seeds require a period of stratification (cold exposure).
Vegetative propagation Korean fir is carried out using cuttings, cut one-year-old shoots, which are planted in a mixture of sand, peat and compost (1:1:1). Without a rooting agent, cuttings practically do not form roots.
USE IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN, VARIETIES 
Korean fir, its varieties and hybrids created on the basis of this plant, are widely used in landscape design, harmoniously complementing any composition:
As a solo plant, tall and medium varieties of fir with a pyramidal and conical crown are used;
in a group with conifers and deciduous trees and shrubs use tall, medium and short hybrids with a varied crown shape depending on the composition and neighboring plants;
hedges - tall and medium forms of fir with a pyramidal crown:
compositions of perennial ornamental flowering plants (dwarf varieties with a spherical, cushion-shaped, conical crown);
rockeries - dwarf and low-growing forms with any crown shape; Korean fir, variety "Golden Glow" ▲
plants for terraces and summer areas, growing in pots (dwarf, slow-growing varieties);
borders - low-growing and dwarf varieties of Korean fir.
Peculiarities
◊ Since Korean fir is a slow-growing conifer, it does not form well, so it is usually not used for topiary. When caring for Korean fir, do not cut it, only remove dry branches or shoots that interfere with the formation of the crown, for example, in creeping dwarf forms or a trunk.
◊ Sometimes Korean fir is grown in bonsai form.
◊ It can grow in conditions of increased air pollution, therefore it is suitable for landscaping large cities.
◄ Korean fir, grade Brilliant
The widespread use of Korean fir in landscaping is also facilitated by the fact that its varieties vary greatly in size, height, crown shape, color of needles, cones, frost resistance and other parameters. 
How solo trees, arboretum elements And hedges Korean fir varieties are used:
Blue standard- a fast-growing variety with a pyramidal crown and very dark cones, reaching a height of 8-10 m, can grow in sun or partial shade;
Blue cones- with a greenish-blue upper surface of the needles and a bluish-silver lower surface, reaches a height of 9 m;
Luminetta- a fast-growing variety up to 2 m high with a pyramidal crown diameter of 1 m, has good winter hardiness;
Aurea- a variety reaching 7-8 m in height, has a conical crown and bright yellow young needles (adult needles are green);
Selek- 3-4 m tall, entering the cone development stage earlier than others;
Molly- a variety with a cone-shaped crown, reaching 7 m in height, with average speed growth and good winter hardiness.
Korean fir, variety "Blauer Pfiff"
As curb good:
Adelba- with dark green needles and a cushion-shaped crown (height 1.2-2.0 m):
Blue Magic- with bluish needles up to 1.7 m high;
Starkes Dwarf- height does not exceed 0.7 m, crown shape is spherical or cushion-shaped, delicate needles can suffer from the sun. It is better to plant in partial shade;
Silver Snow- up to 1.8 in height with green-blue needles.
Dwarf and miniature varieties of Korean fir Suitable for planting in flower beds, rock gardens, rock gardens, containers:
Diamond- a variety with bright green needles and a cushion-shaped crown, reaching 30-50 cm in height;
Oberon- with a round dome-shaped dense crown and bright green needles;
Green carpet- creeping variety with dark green needles, height 30-35 cm;
Denny- with a dense, rounded crown, bluish needles;
Piccolo- a variety with a cushion-shaped crown, which reaches 1 meter in diameter and 0.3 m in height;
Golden Traum- grows in the form of a bush, has yellow or yellow-green needles and a dense crown.
◄ Korean fir variety Tundra (“Tundra”) in standard form
These are just a few of the hundreds of existing varieties of Korean fir, bred by breeders. In the Russian climate of the middle zone, the most interesting are the most frost-resistant varieties of Korean fir, which can withstand down to -34°C (unlike -28°C for many others) and do not require shelter.
FROST-RESISTANT VARIETIES OF KOREAN FIR
Icebreaker - Icebreake r – Korean silver fir with a slow growth pattern and a flat, saucer-shaped crown. The needles are slightly twisted. To preserve dwarfism, vertical shoots are cut out during care.
Silberlock - Silberlocke– cones pointing upward purple, are formed starting from 8-10 years of age. Height 10 summer tree about 2 meters. The needles are twisted, white on the underside. Crown pyramidal
Silver Star, Silver Show - Silver star, Silver Show– the needles of these varieties are silvery in color, the trees do not grow higher than 2-3 meters
Aurea– the needles of this variety of Korean fir have a golden hue. The annual growth of a tree (or shrub - variations are possible) averages 20 cm. The height at 10 years of age reaches 2-4.5 m.
Bonsai Blue - Bonsai Blue- a slow-growing dwarf variety with blue needles. It grows up to 6 cm per year and forms upward-growing cones at a very early age.
This variety is used for landscaping, creating alpine slides and hedges. Some varieties are container-type. Korean fir – ornamental plant up to 15 m high. It is distinguished by purple cones, small annual growth, simple care and unpretentiousness in many respects.
Latin name Abies koreana. It is a tall evergreen tree with a wide cone-shaped crown. The bark changes with age from smooth, light gray with a purple tint to rough with reddish-brown cracks. Young shoots have a yellowish color, small furrows, and then acquire a purple color.
The rigid needles are curved in the shape of a saber, measuring 1-2 cm by 0.2-0.3 cm. The top of the needles of young Korean fir is sharp and prickly, becoming slightly notched with age. The upper side is dark green, the lower side has 2 wide light stripes. The cones are blue or violet-purple, cylindrical in shape, measuring 5-7 cm by 2-3 cm, directed upward.
Korean fir cones are blue or violet-purple.
Propagated vegetatively or by seeds. But it is difficult to collect seed material, especially on tall varieties, because the cones open at the top. In nature, the tree grows in mountainous areas up to an altitude of 1.5 thousand m above sea level. Forms fir or mixed forests. Thanks to its powerful root system, it can withstand strong gusts of wind even in rocky areas. Depending on the variety, it produces a growth of 3-40 cm per year.
On a note! The lifespan of the plant is 150 years.
There are many varieties of Korean fir, differing in height, crown shape, and needle color. The most common:
Compacta has a dense crown of a flattened spherical shape, less often cone-shaped, later becoming cushion-shaped. In 10 years, the tree grows to only 0.6-0.9 m. The annual growth is 8-10 cm, under favorable conditions up to 12 cm. Long skeletal branches extend from the trunk at an angle of 90°, grow horizontally, and grow evenly. The upper shoots are located towards the center at an acute angle to the sides and upwards. The needles are thick, short, even, green on top, bluish-white below. This variety of Korean fir is winter-hardy and does not tolerate strong shading.
Compacta has a dense crown of a flattened spherical shape.
The artificially bred Blue Standard variety grows quickly and has a pyramidal or wide conical crown. At the age of 10 years, it has a size of 1.7-3 m by 1-1.2 m. At the same time, the diameter of the above-ground part of an adult plant is 4 m, and the height is 12-15 m. The annual growth of this Korean fir, according to various sources, is 8-45 cm The needles are dark green, on the other side bluish-white, 4-4.5 cm long. The cones change color from a blue-purple tint to a rich blue-violet color. The variety grows well in sun and shade.
The Korean fir “Blue Standard” has dark green needles, on the other side they are bluish-white, 4-4.5 cm long.
Diamond is a dwarf variety of Korean fir with an oval crown. At 10 years of age, the height of the plant is 0.6 m, width 0.4 m. The color of young needles is bright, becoming dark green over time. Silberlok is a tree up to 5 m, the trunk is absent or difficult to distinguish. The crown shape is cone-shaped. The needles are dark green, curved at the top. The cones are 7 cm long, greenish-violet in color.
Diamond is a dwarf variety of Korean fir with an oval crown.
Molly – slender tree 4-7 m high, 2 m wide. Each year it grows by 5-7 cm. The trunk is even, the shoots are highly branched, especially at the ends. The crown shape of this Korean fir is in the form of a wide cone or pyramid. The upper side of the needles is bluish-green, the lower side is bluish-white. Young branches are grassy green in color. There are many cones, the color is purple-blue. The variety has good winter hardiness; the branches stretch out in the shade.
Molly is a slender tree 4-7 m high, 2 m wide.
On a note! Young seedlings produce less growth per year than older plants.
It is advisable to propagate Korean fir vegetatively. To grow on the site, it is recommended to purchase a seedling from a nursery. It is important to preserve the earthen ball and not expose the root system. For this purpose, planting is carried out using the transshipment method. It is important to choose the right location and prepare the planting hole. It is necessary to take into account varietal characteristics.
You need to remember the slow growth of the plant. This property landscape designers successfully used to create compositions that do not require constant care and replanting. Many tall Korean firs will eventually occupy large space Therefore, site selection should be approached carefully. Transfer of an adult perennial is undesirable.
The Korean variety of fir prefers well-lit areas. For the first few years, young seedlings will have to be shaded a little, then they will need a sufficient amount of light. Some varieties tolerate light shade well. Decorative subspecies with brightly colored needles require open areas for growing. The crop is wind-resistant, but young plants need to be tied to a support until the root system is well developed.
The Korean variety of fir prefers well-lit areas.
Perennial prefers moist loose soil with an acidic reaction. Not picky about the composition, in natural conditions develops on soils depleted of nutrients. Does not tolerate heavy, clayey and swampy soils. Requires the organization of a drainage layer; from excess moisture it rots. Prepare the planting hole 2-4 weeks before planting. Place drainage on the bottom and on top fertile layer from sand, peat, humus and clay.
To create a lighter structure, add sawdust. Use nitrophoska as a fertilizer, but do not allow it to come into contact with the root system of the seedling. The addition of coniferous litter and soil from a pine or spruce forest will increase the survival rate of the plant in a new location.
On a note! The peculiarity of coniferous plants is that in order to obtain nutrients, mycorrhiza is necessary, which is in symbiosis with the crop.
The addition of coniferous litter and soil from a pine or spruce forest will increase the survival rate of the plant in a new location.
Plant the Korean variety of fir in April or from late August to mid-September. When planting alone, the distance to other trees and shrubs should be 4-5 m. If the crop is intended to create a hedge, it is possible to reduce the distance to 2-2.5 m. The depth of the planting hole depends on the age and varietal of the Korean fir, on average it is 50-80 cm. By the time of planting, the earth should settle. Be sure to plant in a moist substrate, pre-watered abundantly. The root collar should not be buried or left on the surface.
Korean fir is demanding only at a young age. The first 3-5 years should be provided with sufficient care, including:
It is recommended to loosen the tree trunk circle as needed. It is enough to capture 5 cm of the surface. Remove weeds in a timely manner. They take away nutrients on the roots located on top, they create a threat of infection of the fir and are home to many pests. Mulching with fallen pine needles will help reduce the frequency of these procedures.
Violation of the watering regime causes a decrease in immunity.
Compliance with agricultural practices protects the crop from the development of diseases. Violation of the watering regime, lack of light and air are the causes of decreased immunity. Often in this case, Korean fir is affected by rot. Dangerous pests include hermes, spider mites, and various bugs. Plants should be inspected regularly and treated with insecticides in a timely manner.
The procedure is needed only for young plants that have not had time to take root well. The exception is decorative hybrids, which are more demanding in terms of growing conditions. Korean fir prefers moist soil, without stagnant water. During the rainy season, cancel the procedure; in case of drought, water generously once every 6-8 days. The culture responds gratefully to moistening by sprinkling. It is important not to do this during the day so that the needles do not get burned under the influence of the sun.
The first time is carried out 3 years after planting. One spring application of fertilizer during watering is sufficient per year. You can use a complex universal additive for coniferous species. From organic matter, it is permissible to water with a weak solution of humus or bird droppings, infused for several days. It is important to water abundantly after fertilizing so as not to burn the root system.
The crown of the Korean variety of fir forms independently. Only required sanitary pruning, removing diseased, dried, pest-infested branches. In autumn, it is recommended to remove the central buds on the side shoots. Some varieties do not tolerate pruning very well and may react with the appearance of dried branches. The crop grows slowly, so it will take a long time to overgrow a remote area.
Korean fir is covered with spruce branches or non-woven material for the winter.
The characteristics of many varieties of Korean fir indicate the winter hardiness of the crop. Some varieties tolerate even severe frosts well, but this only applies to adult plants. Young seedlings should be additionally covered. Mulch the tree trunk circle with pine litter, peat or sawdust. Cover the tree itself with spruce branches or non-woven material. It is not advisable to use foam, since fir requires air. The shelter also protects against burnout of needles and the formation of frost holes on the trunk.
The evergreen conifer Korean fir, belonging to the Abies koreana Wils family, is quite widely used in decorative landscaping. This species is represented by a wide variety of varieties, thanks to which it can be used to create landscape compositions of any kind.
In nature, Korean fir is found in the Northern Hemisphere in the temperate climate zone. It is considered one of the longest living plants. Some specimens in natural conditions reach the age of 400 years. Distinctive feature This type of fir is slow growing. It is thanks to him that the tree looks very dense and fluffy.
The trunk of the Korean fir is smooth and can reach 40 cm in diameter, but in varietal plants grown in private plots, the trunk rarely reaches a diameter of 27 cm. There are also varieties of Korean fir with an unpronounced central trunk (trunk). Such plants have the appearance of a cushion-shaped bush.
In most cases, the crown of Korean fir is a cone or pyramid. Moreover, the color of the plant depends not only on the varietal characteristics, but also on the age of the tree. Young specimens are colored light yellow or light green. As the needles mature, or rather, the succulent-like leaf blades, they acquire emerald, bluish-green or rich green shades, often with a whitish or silvery coating on the bottom of the needles.
Fruits with seeds, or simply cones, grow vertically upward on Korean fir, which is why they are often compared to candles. On young trees they are colored dark purple or bluish-green (depending on the variety), on adults they are brown-gray or gray-green. During growth, the segments of the cones are tightly closed, and at the moment of ripening they open and the seeds spill out.
In any phase, be it winter dormancy or active growth in summer time, representatives of Korean fir trees look very picturesque. They go well with floral and decorative foliage crops, fruit trees and bushes. Even planted in a rocky garden or on a completely flat lawn, they can add a certain zest to the landscape of the site.
Many varieties of Korean fir are used in landscape design, which can roughly be classified into two groups:
But not only this characteristic distinguishes one variety from another. The shape and color of the needles, the type of cones and their color, as well as preferences regarding growing conditions - all these characteristics are unique to each variety. They must be taken into account when selecting Korean fir trees for decorating a site.
The most popular varieties for cultivation among Russian amateurs and professional designers are the varieties Diamond, Molly, Silberlock, Blue Emperor And Compacta(the second name of this fir is Compacta Dwarf).
| Variety name | Crown shape, plant height | Appearance of needles | Appearance of cones | Preferred Growing Conditions |
| Brilliant (diamond) | A natural dwarf with a cushion-shaped crown with a diameter of no more than 70 cm. Maximum height plants – 50 cm. | The needles are thick, rich dark green, with reverse side bluish or silver-green with longitudinal stripes. The needles are soft, with curled edges, no more than 2 cm long. | There are no cones. | Prefers areas protected from the wind. Demanding of light, but tolerates light shading. The soil for this variety should be slightly acidic, air and water permeable, loose and fertile. One of the best varieties for growing in a container. Suitable for rocky gardens, mixborders and ridges. |
| Silberlocke | The crown is cone-shaped, often without a pronounced main trunk. It grows slowly, the annual growth is about 12 cm. | The needles of this variety are distinguished by a strong bend, which is why the tree is often called curly. Top part the needles are colored green, the lower ones – white-green. | The cones are medium-sized, reach 70 mm in length, and are colored green-violet. | Prefers bright places, withstands frosts well, but can break due to snow adhering to the branches. It likes soils that are acidic, loose and moisture-absorbing, with a high content of humus components. Used in single plantings, Japanese gardens and rockeries. |
| Molly | The crown is conical, up to 3 m in diameter, maximum plant height is 7 m. | The needles are bright green, bluish-gray on the lower part, and very thick. | The cones are violet-blue, numerous, up to 5 cm long. | Prefers well-lit places sheltered from the winds. Needs drainage and good moisture. Looks good in single plantings. |
| Compacta | The crown is symmetrical and compact, no more than 80 cm high. The maximum growth per year is 5-7 cm. | The needles are dense and long (up to 4 cm), blue in color. | Cones on this variety are formed extremely rarely. | Prefers bright places with sandy or loamy soil filled with humus. Excellent for planting in a container, as well as for growing in rock gardens, coastal areas of reservoirs and for walking areas. |
| Blue Emperor | The compact and very dense crown does not have a pronounced central trunk, which is why the shape of the plant resembles an elongated pillow. The maximum height of this variety is 1.5 m. The average annual growth is 6 cm. | The needles are short and thick, soft to the touch. The upper part of the needles is violet-silver or intense blue, the lower part is white. | The cones are small, dark blue or purple. | Prefers slightly shaded areas and nutritious, moist soils with drainage. One of the best varieties for planting in rock gardens and oriental gardens. |
Despite slight differences in light requirements and soil fertility, all varieties of Korean fir have common feature- shallow roots. This must be taken into account when planting trees on your site.
When planting Korean firs, it is important to take into account the fact that this species grows very slowly. Therefore, it is important to provide an additional setback from the walls of buildings on the site, so that after several decades the crown does not “rest” against the wall and suffer from lack of light. Depending on the planting plan, Korean firs are planted at a distance of 5 m (to form even and regular shaped crowns) or 2 m (to create a dense hedge in the future) from each other.
The time for planting Korean fir in open ground is the beginning of spring before the formation of young buds and shoots on the seedlings. The ideal age of planting material is from 4 to 10 years. Younger plants may die due to too much light or frost, and older plants do not take root well in a new place.
Korean fir is undemanding in terms of soil nutrition and moisture, but for good development suit her better acidic soils with a high humus content. It is important to avoid wetlands when planting, although fir has a positive attitude towards the presence of peat in the soil. If there is a risk of flooding, good drainage must be installed.
The depth of the planting pit for fir trees is 50-80 cm, depending on the type of plant. The more massive its crown and the larger its roots, the deeper and wider the hole needs to be made. It is important to carefully straighten the roots of the fir and not to deepen the root collar. Otherwise, the tree will stop growing and may completely die within 3-4 years.
Things are a little simpler with planting Korean fir in containers. The soil for low-growing bush-like varieties is prepared based on general rules. The bottom of the flowerpot or container is equipped with drainage from shards, and the top is covered with soil. The roots of the shrub fir also need to be well straightened, and then covered with the remaining soil flush with the root collar.
Regardless of open ground or Korean fir grows in a container, it is important to observe general rules caring for this plant:
For better branching and the formation of a fluffy crown, it is recommended to pinch the central buds. It is also necessary to remove dried cones and branches from plants. Korean fir varieties do not need formative pruning.
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