Many people have the desire to have their own bathhouse on site: it provides a unique opportunity to improve your health, relax and unwind after a hard day. And if the bathhouse is near your house or dacha, and you don’t need to go anywhere, this method of relaxation is generally priceless. But there are a lot of questions: where to put it, how to deploy it, how many and what kind of rooms there should be, what size and what kind of foundation to make, and a thousand others. For now, let's talk about the layout of the bathhouse on the site and inside.
You need to start by choosing a place to build a bathhouse. In this case, you need to rely on data from a geological survey of the site: choose the best soils and the lowest location groundwater. Then the foundation can be made inexpensively, and the bathhouse will stand well. Without such a survey of the site, you have to choose at random.
In this case, it is advisable to immediately exclude places where groundwater comes close. They can be seen at sunset. Inspect the area in the evening. If there are places where small midges hover in a column in one place, there is water close below. It’s good to dig a well here, but you can’t build a house or a bathhouse.
Having excluded all wet areas, you can try to fit the planned building in dry areas. There are also some restrictions here:
If your site overlooks the shore of a river or lake, it makes sense to put a bathhouse nearby: you can take a dip and not bother with building a pool. It will also be possible to organize a water supply from the reservoir, but in this case it will be necessary to fool around with the drainage so that the wastewater does not get there. So optimal location baths on the site are an individual matter.
The most common layout of baths: entrance to the south, windows of the rest room to the west. The entrance is in the south because the snow melts here first and there are usually fewer snowdrifts. And windows are made in the western wall, because most often they steam in the afternoon and the setting sun illuminates the room.
But this is only the most common layout and nothing more. You can place both the entrance and the windows in the way that seems most convenient to you: maybe you have an amazingly beautiful landscape to the east, and to the west all that is visible is the wall of the neighbor’s barn. No one will stop you from doing as you see fit.
There are constant battles around how to properly take a steam bath. They also apply to the number and volume of premises. There are several approaches to this issue. Choose the one that is closest to you.
This bathhouse layout has a small vestibule. It will not allow cold air to rush into the room
The first postulate is that when using a bathhouse all-season (and in winter too), there should be a vestibule at the entrance to the bathhouse. Otherwise, the rest room will quickly get cold: with each opening of the door, a portion of cold air will rush into it. There is no debate here. There are only a few options for organizing a vestibule: it is fenced off inside or attached outside.
If you only steam during the warm season, there is no need for a vestibule. In the summer, people often relax outside after a steam room: on the terrace or porch.
But there is a dispute about the composition of the premises that are needed in the bathhouse. Most people are of the opinion that the steam room and sink should be separate. But since the size of the baths is usually small, these two rooms turn out to be small. This is good for dry-air saunas: small volumes warm up quickly. In this case, a separate sink from the steam room is also necessary: the sauna must be dry. No more than 10% humidity. A large amount of steam at a temperature of 100°C or higher will burn the nasopharynx and bronchi. Therefore, if the bathhouse is dry-air, then the sink must be separate.
Some supporters of moderate temperatures and high humidity - a regime that is typical for a Russian bath - believe that a washing room and a steam room can and should be combined. There are several reasons for this:
In principle, the second problem can be solved: you need to maintain a fairly high temperature in the washing room, 35-40°C, and there is already enough humidity there. It will create an almost “hammam” atmosphere. Under such conditions, you can rest. To do this, trestle beds are made in the washing department, on which people rest in a warm, humid atmosphere after the steam room. Then the washing area should be large. And they go into the rest room only when they are no longer going to enter the steam room.
The second approach to vaping is different: after the body has warmed up, it needs to be cooled down. For this purpose, contrasting procedures are used - cool or cold showers, dousing, rubbing with snow, etc. That’s when a separate washing room with a cool atmosphere is needed. There are also fonts with cold or cool water here. With this approach, they stay in the steam room for quite a long time - 10-15 minutes, because they need to warm up again.
Ideally, you will need to visit both types of sauna to decide which is best for you. Whichever one will be better for you is the one worth building.
Now, let's summarize. The bathhouse can have two or three rooms. There may be a relaxation room, and separate rooms for a steam room and a washing room. In another option, there is a relaxation room, and the steam room and washing room are combined in one room.
This room can be classified as optional, but it is desirable. It is much more convenient if all things are collected in one place. But even here questions and disagreements arise: where should the doors go. There are usually two options: to the rest room and to the washing room. Both options are imperfect.
If the entrance to the locker room is made from the rest room, then after undressing you will have to walk through this room. If there is no one else in the bathhouse, this is one thing, but if a campaign has gathered and someone is already resting, this is a completely different story.
The second option is preferable from this point of view: from the locker room you immediately go to the sink, and from there to the steam room. But then damp air from the sink will inevitably end up in the locker room. And damp air = wet clothes. It's still a pleasure. So you usually have to choose: walk through the rest room in a negligee or put on wet clothes after the bath.
But more often, they still make an entrance to the locker room from the washing room, and solve the problem of humidity with good ventilation: they make two channels, one at the bottom for the intake of fresh air, and the second at the top for the removal of damp air. An exhaust fan is usually built into the top one (for wet areas). Like this in a couple, natural and forced ventilation cope with high humidity.
In addition to the composition of the premises, it is necessary to determine the size. Since most often there are three rooms - the sink and the steam room are separate - we will describe approaches to choosing sizes for all three rooms.
The main thing when planning a bath is to determine the optimal size of the steam room. It’s clear that you want to save on construction costs and on wood for heating. But a room that is too small is completely uncomfortable: the sauna overheats quickly, and you feel like you’re in a cage.
It is most reasonable to proceed from how many people should fit in the steam room at one time. Moreover, the sizes also depend on the type of steam room. No one moves much in the dry air vehicle. Everyone sits decorously on the shelves: at this temperature you can’t move. Therefore, one meter is enough for one person to “sit”. To lie down, it’s already 2.2. So here it is. Decide how long a person can sit with you and how long can lie down. Then you calculate the area of the shelves, add space for the stove and a little for the passage to the shelves. You get the minimum dimensions of a steam room for a sauna.
In a Russian bathhouse, they mostly lie on the shelves. And also, the bathhouse attendant is waving brooms. Therefore, the dimensions here should be larger.
For a wet Russian steam room, the width and length are chosen so that two or three can lie comfortably - depending on how many people will be steaming at the same time. We calculate the area of the required shelves (80-100 cm wide for one, 2.2 to 2.5 m long), add the area for placing the stove, the screen around it, approaches and gaps, and we get the minimum volume of the steam room for a Russian bath. If the dimensions do not allow, leave one “lying” place, always a place where the bath attendant stands, and, if possible, at least a small shelf for “sitting”.
In general, the area in the steam room is used more rationally if it is not square, but rectangular. Moreover, the stove is usually located on the long side. And also keep in mind that from the stove, even covered with a brick screen (for Russian baths it must be covered with a screen), there should be a distance of about 20-30 cm to the shelves, but more is better.
For information on choosing ceiling heights and doors, read the article « The height of the ceiling and shelves in the bathhouse and sauna ». Briefly, we can say the following: for a conditioned steam room (steam is mixed evenly throughout the entire volume), the finishing ceiling is not lower than 2.10 m, and for a pie room (steam is collected under the ceiling) not lower than 2.4 m.
Let's immediately talk about the height of the shelves - this is another stumbling block when designing a steam room. In general, each parameter is selected individually. If you customize the steam room “to suit you,” then the height of the shelf should be up to the knuckles of your lowered hand. Stand on the floor (on a grate or stool, if you have one), lower your hand down. Where your knuckles are is where the surface of the shelf should be.
If several tiers of shelves are planned, then the top one should not be closer to the ceiling than 115 cm. And one more thing: the second one is higher than the first - 45 cm: then you can not only lie on the top shelf, but also sit (if you want it “hotter” ).
You need to draw everything in size and it all should fit into the steam room in its “pure” form, taking into account the walls and insulation layer
But not everyone who will take a steam bath has the same height. That's why they make side steps. You can have several pieces different heights for people of different heights: they lean on such a step when they need to climb onto shelves. The same steps are used by the bathhouse attendant: people have different waist circumferences, and sometimes even in a steam room that is tailored to suit you, you have to stand on a step to make it more comfortable.
One little tip: make the steps wide. Firstly, if necessary, you can sit on them, and secondly, wide and low ones are more stable.
Here again, there are two approaches: either try to get by with the minimum - this is if the size of the bathhouse is limited, or plan it as convenient as possible, and put the resulting dimensions into the project. If we talk about the minimum, then you can get by with a small shower, above which you can also attach a shower device. In this case, a size of 1.5 * 1.5 meters will be sufficient. A little cramped, but not too tight.
For comfort and in case you relax in the steam room, you need to place trestle beds here. Then, probably, you need to fence off the shower stall separately - it’s 1.2 * 1.2 m (or more, if you want). And add one or two trestle beds (depending on the number of people steaming in one go). The size of the trestle beds may be similar to the shelves in the steam room, or slightly different. Here the dimensions are no longer critical. The main thing is to lie comfortably.
Some people put fonts in the washing room. Here you can’t get by with small dimensions, and the sizes of the font can be different - from one and a half meters in diameter and more.
And again, two layout options even in baths of the same size. Some try to block off as much area as possible for the relaxation room, leaving a minimum for the steam room and washing area. This option is suitable if the bathhouse is something like a club. Then the main action is precisely the gatherings in the relaxation room. And the room stands out and is accordingly spacious.
But there are people who enjoy precisely the processes taking place in the steam room. And then the situation changes radically: the necessary minimum is allocated for the rest room: a hanger, a table, several benches/armchairs/chairs. All. But all other areas are allocated for the steam room.
Having decided on the size of all the rooms and their location, take the time to draw everything to scale. This can be done on a computer using programs or the old-fashioned way on checkered paper. Just draw large, and while maintaining proportions, taking into account the thickness of the walls and partitions, insulation and finishing. Then count the real areas that remain in “pure” form. Absolutely: a surprise awaits you. And unpleasant. All the piers and walls take up a lot of space. And in the remaining space you will need to “fit” all the items. There are especially many difficulties with the steam room. So be especially careful here. Most likely, the already completed bathhouse plan will have to be redrawn, and more than once.
Pay attention to the location of the doors. It is desirable that they be located as close as possible. Especially in walk-through rooms. It's all about the same utilitarianism: it's impossible to use all the passages. So they eat up a decent amount of space.
It is also necessary to consider the layout of the premises in the bathhouse from a safety point of view. Therefore, it is advisable to make the path from the steam room to the street as simple and short as possible, without labyrinths. This is necessary in case someone becomes ill. The sooner a person can get out into the fresh air, the better. Therefore, some projects provide two doors in the steam room: one from the washing room - for regular use, the second - to the vestibule - for emergency situations.
In order to be able to evacuate as quickly as possible, the washing room must have a window of decent size - no less than 50*50 cm. And it must open inward (again, safety precautions). And it’s better not to skimp on size: small sizes will not provide the amount of fresh air required for ventilation. And after small window it's hard to get out.
Many, by the way, do not install windows in either the washing room or the steam room, and they are very mistaken. Now we will briefly explain why.
These windows are needed not for lighting, but for ventilation. The steam room needs two windows - one in the wall opposite the door, measuring 40*40 cm or so. Its upper edge should be level with the door lintel. The second window in the steam room is made under the shelf. It can be small - 20*20 cm.
All of them are needed for ventilation and drying of rooms after use. Then you will not have any problems with wood and fungus. They are also opened to correct temperature/humidity. Everyone is comfortable with their own conditions, so they regulate them with the help of windows. Read more about where windows should be in a bathhouse and what sizes they are, and in the article “Which doors to choose for a bathhouse and sauna” we talk about doors and their sizes.
The window in the washing room is also an emergency exit. You shouldn’t forget about this either. Of course, we try not to break the rules and install the stoves correctly, but it’s better to be safe.
Bathhouse dimensions 4x5 m – great option for a small area. Subject to proper planning, on the mentioned quadrature it is possible to arrange a relaxation room, steam room, washing room and small additional rooms, if their presence is necessary. At the same time, it is recommended to make the steam room and washing room in separate rooms - this is simply more convenient for visitors to the bathhouse.
Beautiful bathhouse 4x5 m with separate washing and steam rooms
After reading the information below, you will learn about the basic regulatory requirements for each bathhouse room, receive recommendations for planning a steam room, washing room and other important departments, and also consider several of the most successful and popular designs of 4x5 m baths with separate steam room and sink.
Example unusual design steam room separated from shower
The space provided by the bathhouse, measuring 4x5 m, is enough for a completely comfortable holiday for a family or a small group of 3-4 people.
In accordance with current regulatory requirements, each visitor to the steam room should have at least 1-1.2 m2 of free space if the person steams while in a sitting position. If the bath lover lies down or prefers to take some other possible position, the requirements for the dimensions of the steam room will change accordingly.
These points must be taken into account when designing a bathhouse in general and shelves in a steam room in particular. Information regarding possible body positions in the bath and recommendations for shelf sizes for each of them are shown in the following image.
Regarding the area of the washing room, the recommendations are similar - at least 1-1.2 m2 for each visitor. In order to save space, the sink, as a rule, is made of relatively small sizes so that there is enough space for 1-2 visitors who come here at the same time.
A modern compact shower cabin will allow you to effectively solve the problem of distributing free space in the wash room. In general, the dimensions of the washing room can increase depending on its operating conditions. For example, if the owner decides to install a boiler here to heat water or even washing machine(relevant when arranging a bath house), the size of the room will have to be increased accordingly.
The recommended height of the steam room is about 210 cm, the washing room is 220-230 cm. When designing a steam room, you should adhere to the rule that there should be at least 110 cm of free space between the ceiling and the top shelf. It is also important that the top shelf in the steam room is arranged higher than the stove - the requirement is dictated by considerations according to which it should be the hottest on the top shelf of the bath. Directly heater (the most popular option sauna stove) is placed at an average height of 100 cm from the floor. For other types of sauna stoves, the requirements are determined by the individual characteristics of the units used.
To prevent water from splashing from one room to another, door thresholds are installed approximately 200-300 mm above the floor. The requirement is also relevant for the main entrance door; if the bathhouse is not equipped with a porch/terrace/veranda, then the high threshold will not allow melt water to penetrate inside the room in the spring, and will make the process of clearing snow more convenient.
For reasons of ease of use, it is better to orient the entrance door to the south - in winter time You will have to remove less snow. Regarding the orientation of windows, everything depends on the characteristics of the individual user. For example, if the owner likes to go to the bathhouse in the morning, it is more advisable to place the windows to the east, if in the afternoon - to the west. If the bathhouse will be used after sunset, the location of the windows is not important.
The steam room is the heart of any bathhouse, and the requirements for it are appropriate. You are invited to familiarize yourself with information regarding the key points of planning a paired room in the following table.
Table. Requirements for the steam room
CharacteristicsExplanations
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For arranging a steam room, it is most advisable to allocate space on the first floor. It is more convenient if you can go from the steam room to a wash room, a room with a swimming pool (if provided for by the project) or a relaxation room. When choosing a door for a paired room, it is recommended to give preference to a product made from tempered glass. If you don't have one, you can use wooden model, however, any metal inclusions in its design should be absent - you are unlikely to be happy if you get burned on hot metal one day. |
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As noted, one seated steam room visitor needs at least 1-1.2 m2 of free space. The oven will occupy about 1 m2. Additionally, you need to include in the project the space occupied by the aisles. Therefore, the minimum allowable area of a steam room designed to accommodate one visitor at a time is 2.5-3 m2. In accordance with the above diagram, the optimal dimensions of the steam room are calculated taking into account the planned number of visitors. The recommended height is 2.1 m. If very tall people go to the bathhouse, this figure can be increased to 2.2-2.4 m. It is not advisable to make this parameter more impressive - heating the surrounding space will require increased energy consumption. |
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The optimal width of “lying” shelves is no less than 0.9-1 m, length – 1.8-2 m. In the case of “sitting” shelves, the optimal width is considered to be from 0.4-0.5 m, the length is selected in accordance with the dimensions of the steam room. Bath shelves are installed in 1-3 tiers, depending on the wishes of the owner and the height of the steam room. The recommended height of each tier is 350 mm. High-quality hardwood is best suited for making bath shelves. Linden has proven itself well. The use of larch and cedar is also acceptable. When choosing material for making shelves, make sure that it is dry, not rotten, and does not have resin pockets, knots or unsanded areas. |
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To organize lighting in the steam room, lamps with wooden shades are used, designed for operation in similar temperature and humidity conditions. Regarding the brightness of the lighting, each owner makes his own decision. The best option is soft twilight - everything is clearly visible and the light, at the same time, does not “hit the eyes.” |
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As a rule, the stove is installed opposite the shelves, closer to the door to the steam room. The choice of a specific type of heating unit remains with the owner. Classic option is a brick stove. If desired, the steam room can be equipped with a metal wood stove or even a modern electric heater. The distance between the heating elements of the furnace and flammable objects/surfaces in the absence of fireproof insulation is at least 300 mm, in the case of arrangement of the mentioned protection - at least 100-150 mm. For insulation you can use brick, asbestos cardboard, stainless steel sheets, ceramic tiles. The stove, the operating principle of which is based on the combustion of fuel, must be equipped with a chimney leading from the steam room to the street through the floors and roof. |
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The traditional option for finishing walls and ceilings is wooden lining. It is best to use boards made from hardwood. Although conifers have a subtle aroma, when heated they can release resin that unpleasantly burns the skin. Important! It is prohibited to use any products made of PVC, rubber or plastic to decorate the steam room - in such temperature conditions they either quickly deteriorate or, in addition, emit substances harmful to human health. To finish the floor, either edged/groove boards are used, or ceramic tile- at the discretion of the owner. There is no need to use plaster, paints, chipboard, plywood and other similar materials for additional decoration - in the temperature and humidity conditions typical for a bathhouse, they will deteriorate very quickly. If desired, the interior decoration of the steam room can be done using heat and moisture resistant cork covering, designed specifically for use in such conditions, but it is very expensive. |
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If there is a ventilation duct, installing a window in the steam room is not necessary. In general, for greater comfort in the operation of this room, you can install a small window with dimensions of 300x300 mm, 400x600 mm or 600x600 mm - these are the most popular options. Important! As the window area increases, heat losses directly increase. The window is installed on a free wall that is not adjacent to either the shelves or the stove. When choosing the window installation height, follow a simple rule: the minimum permissible distance between the floor and the lower sash is 1.7 m. The frame material is wood or high-quality plastic that can maintain its integrity and key characteristics at temperatures up to +120 degrees. |
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For greater ease of use, the steam room should be equipped with additional elements, the compilation of a list of which is at the discretion of the owner. For example, you can install headrests for shelves, buy or make a ladle, tub, purchase and install a thermometer and hygrometer, etc. |
Generalized recommendations regarding the design of a washing room were given earlier. Now you are invited to familiarize yourself with the main stages of the event in more detail. Information on this matter is presented in the following table.
Table. Main characteristics of the washing station
CharacteristicsExplanations
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The washing room can be arranged as a separate room, separated from other rooms by a solid partition, or as an adjacent room, separated from the steam room by a glass shutter. As for the relationship with other rooms, it is more convenient when you can get from the steam room to the wash room, and from there to the locker room/rest room. |
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For maximum convenience, both cold and hot water are supplied to the washing room. Preparation hot water can be provided by a boiler installed in or outside the washing room, a sauna stove or other possible methods. Directly for washing in the room in question, either a shower tray is organized, or a full-fledged compact shower cabin is installed. If desired, you can drain water to 2-3 shower heads or install additional elements, for example, a tipping container with water (spray bucket). If there is enough space, you can install a font with cool water in the washing room - this option is especially relevant for cases where there is not enough space to organize a pool. In addition to the shower itself, you should install a bench in the washroom, hang a mirror, and attach hooks and shelves for bath accessories. |
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The removal of water from the washing room can be organized in several ways: - by connecting to the central sewer system, if possible; - into the pit, and from there along a pipe installed at an angle to drainage well, sewer, septic tank or other suitable location. To ensure effective water drainage, the floors in the washing room are arranged with a slight slope (on average 2 mm for every 1 m) in the direction of the drain hole. In accordance with current regulatory requirements, a minimum distance of 5-10 meters must be maintained between the walls of the bathhouse and cesspools, septic tanks and other wastewater collection tanks. |
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Various materials can be used for the finishing lining of the washroom. The main thing is that they retain their original qualities for as long as possible under appropriate operating conditions. |
The available finishing options for the washroom deserve special consideration. Information regarding the most commonly used materials can be found in the following table.
Table. Materials for finishing the washing room
MaterialBasic information
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A popular type of finishing, the use of which allows you to maintain the interior of bath rooms in a single style. It is important to remember the fact that wood and moisture can hardly be called best friends: in conditions of high humidity, the material quickly swells, rots and generally loses its operational and aesthetic properties. In view of this, it is reasonable to resort to the use of wood as a finish for a washroom only if a closed shower stall is installed in the room in question, which helps to minimize the contact of the finish and moisture. In this case, wood elements are subject to mandatory processing antiseptics and special impregnations that increase the moisture-resistant properties of the material. |
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The listed materials are best suited for use in sauna washroom conditions. The owner has the right to choose the size, color, pattern and other external characteristics of the finishing at his own discretion. It is only important that the surface of the cladding is not slippery, and that a special mixture is used to grout the joints between individual elements to prevent the development of mold. Helpful advice! To make visiting the bathhouse washroom as safe as possible, it is recommended to lay a rubber mat or a wooden pallet on the floor lined with the proposed materials. |
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Finishing based on polyvinyl chloride perfectly tolerates contact with moisture. At the same time, the material is not resistant to intense heat, which is why such panels should not be used for cladding ceilings and walls adjacent to the steam room. PVC panels are extremely easy to install, come in a wide variety of colors, are easy to clean, do not deteriorate when exposed to moisture, are sold at a relatively low cost, but are not durable and environmentally friendly. |
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The use of this moisture-resistant material allows you to create truly unique and extraordinary interior compositions. Along with this, many bathhouse owners do not like natural stone due to the “coldness” of the surface. |
In order for finishing materials to retain their original characteristics for as long as possible, effective ventilation must be organized in the washing room. As a rule, mechanical (forced) air exchange is provided, for which a ventilation hole (air duct) with an electric fan is installed under the ceiling. If there is enough opportunity to ventilate the washing room natural ventilation, to ensure air exchange, a small adjustable window is installed closer to the ceiling.
The layout of a 4x5 m bathhouse is not limited to just a steam room and a washing room. Even on such a relatively modest area, you can arrange a number of additional rooms, the presence of which will make using the bathhouse as convenient as possible. Information about the “minimum set” is given in the following table.
Table. Important additional rooms of the bathhouse
PremisesDescription and important information
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At the same time it can serve as a locker room and dressing room. Here you can also equip a place for storing firewood. Standard equipment for the rest room: table and chairs or sofa/chairs. If necessary, a TV and stereo system are also installed here. Each visitor to the rest room should have at least 2-3 m2 of free space. In general, this indicator increases to the maximum possible and is limited, firstly, by the personal preferences and needs of the owner, and secondly, by the area of the bathhouse. |
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If desired, the toilet can be installed in the washing room, but it is more convenient when a separate room is allocated for this. This does not require a lot of space: the recommended area of this room is about 1.5-2 m2. |
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The presence of a vestibule in the bathhouse will allow you to use it comfortably even in the cold season. The main purpose of this room is to separate the cold street and warm bath air. If there is no vestibule, using the steam room in cold weather will lead to the formation of condensation, which, having frozen on the door, simply will not allow the door to be opened in the future until the weather warms up. It is enough to allocate 1-1.5 m2 of space for the vestibule. |
The procedure for designing such elements as the foundation, wall construction material, roof characteristics, etc. determined by features specific situation and remains primarily at the discretion of the owner. You are also invited to familiarize yourself with the most popular and successful options. internal planning bath space 4x5 m with separate steam room and wash room.
The so-called “minimum set”.
The bathhouse consists of one floor and has dimensions of 4x5 m. There is no vestibule/dressing room, which makes the use of such a bathhouse possible only in warm weather(the reasons were described earlier). The entrance to the building leads to a fairly spacious recreation room measuring 2.85 x 4 m. It is proposed to install a table and a corner sofa or benches here. If desired, the room can be equipped with a TV and related equipment. From the rest room you can get into a wash room measuring 1.8 x 2 m, equipped with a shower, toilet and sink. The door from the washing room leads to a steam room measuring 2x2.1 m with a stove occupying 1 m2.
The set of interior spaces remains similar to the previous version, but a quite spacious terrace appears. The proposed dimensions are 1.5 x 4 m. If desired, the terrace can be glazed to create a veranda. Often, an additional seating area is organized on the terraces/verandas, or even a barbecue oven is installed, if free space allows.
The entrance from the terrace leads to a recreation room measuring 2x3.5 m. Recommendations for equipping this room are similar to the previous and all subsequent projects. The internal door from the relaxation room leads to the shower room (1.5x2 m), and from there to the steam room (2x2 m). Thus, even the presence of a terrace made it possible to correctly fit all the necessary premises into the available space.
In this project, a small dressing room with dimensions of 1.1 x 1.7 m appears. The presence of this room will allow you to comfortably operate the bathhouse in cold weather. It is also proposed to store firewood here.
The exit from the dressing room leads to a small corridor, and from there to the rest room. The latter is connected by a door to the washing compartment, and it is connected to the steam room. Recommendations regarding the dimensions and internal arrangement of each room are given in the diagram. You can take it as a basis, changing the necessary parameters at your discretion, or implement an identical project - ready sauna, despite its relatively modest dimensions, it will be very convenient.
In this project, in addition to the main premises, there was a vestibule and a bathroom separated from the washing room, which is very convenient.
Important! In the example presented, the structure has dimensions of 5x5 m. To fit it into a space of 4x5 m, you will have to sacrifice some area of the selected premises. It is most advisable to do this through a steam room and a relaxation room.
The door from the vestibule leads to the rest room, from where you can go to the bathroom or washroom. The washing room is connected by a door to the steam room. The project is one of the most successful and popular.
The presence of an attic tier allows you to use the space construction site with maximum benefit and efficiency.
Additionally, it is recommended that the building be equipped with a porch measuring 1.5 x 2.5 m. If desired, instead of a porch, you can make a vestibule, which will allow you to use the bathhouse throughout the year. On attic floor It is proposed to equip the bedroom. If desired, the space can be divided into a place for sleeping and a relaxation room, or you can make a billiard room here.
Let's consider the option of building a bathhouse of the most popular size. Dimensions 4x5 are close to ideal. According to this, instructions for choosing a layout and building a bathhouse of this type will be of interest to many.
Purchasing a ready-made bathhouse project developed by specialists and using it to navigate during construction is a very convenient option. But not everyone can afford it, so you will have to develop everything yourself. The declared dimensions allow you to experiment a little with the arrangement of the rooms. It is even possible to create a separate room for the installation of a distribution panel and a small boiler room (if necessary). But this will require making partitions between the walls, which is often associated with increased financial costs.
When starting detailed modeling of rooms in a schematic drawing, it is necessary to consider the location of the following rooms and additional elements:
In order to comfortably accommodate a large family in the bathhouse, the layout can be made by slightly adjusting the internal space. In this case, it is permissible to slightly increase the area of the steam room, thereby creating the opportunity for more people to steam in it. Do not greatly underestimate the dimensions of the rest room. Sacrifice a couple of squares of washing area. Then you can relax with a large group, take a steam bath, and take turns taking water procedures. 
This is a kind of air cushion between the cold outside and the warmth in the washing department. Therefore, the procedure for insulating walls requires special attention. Its functionality should not be underestimated. The dressing room protects the premises from the cold and allows you to relax after the steam room. The ideal size in a bathhouse with dimensions of 4x5 is a meter wide and 3–3.5 in length. In this case, the entrance to the bathhouse can be made from one edge, separating the room itself with another door. Thus, cold air will not go into the break room.
A stove heated from the dressing room will allow you to create additional coziness. In this case, the entrance to the washing compartment should be in the middle. The steam room and shower room are located at to different parties, in this case, the steam room should be in contact with the rest room with one wall. This is where they install stove heating so that it works to heat two rooms. Except correct location the waiting room and its interaction with other rooms must adhere to the following recommendations:
The layout allows the wash compartment to be relatively large. The placement of several watering cans is allowed, provided that direct access to water is used. There are also special requirements for the construction of this department. For example, the area is calculated based on 1 m/sq per person. A slight reduction in dimensions is allowed if it is necessary to redesign the premises. The optimal size for a bathhouse is 4x5 meters, would be a washing room with dimensions from 1.8 to 2 meters. In such an area you can place all the amenities, including benches for installing bath accessories.
In the washing department, ventilation is simply necessary. For large premises you can make two vents at the top of the walls or one full window. Some designs place vents at the bottom and top to ensure a constant flow of air throughout the room. This is more necessary to ventilate the wooden floor. If the surface is finished with ceramics, then natural ventilation is sufficient, without creating an additional inflow. 
The most important thing is the functional compartment in the bathhouse. There are increased requirements for the arrangement of a steam room. Considering that in a 4x5 meter bathhouse the steam room has a fairly spacious room, it is necessary to take care of a high temperature sufficient to carry out the appropriate procedures. Therefore, it is recommended to make a stove-heater, having first built a foundation in the intended location of the masonry.
The use of devices powered by electric heating elements is not always justified in economic terms, which affects high energy consumption rates. The dependence of consumption can be reduced by double thermal insulation of the steam compartment or by additional installation of steam generators.
The correct design of a paired compartment also includes the level of comfortable movement. The overall dimensions of the bathhouse allow you not to save on space, and in some cases you can sacrifice space in the washing room and relaxation room to create space in the steam room. In this regard, it will be more profitable electric ovens. But for them you will have to lay electrical wiring separately. A heater is more profitable, but it takes up more space. Need to find best option. Because the room is designed for several people, there should be no discomfort due to lack of space.
The shape of the steam room is a regular square or rectangle, depending on the location. In any case, it is necessary to work out the installation of the oven in such a way that it is located on the opposite side of the shelves. If the stove is heated from the dressing room, then according to the location, the paired seats are designed in a different plane.
Considering the use of all possible options material for the construction of a bathhouse 4x5 meters, it is difficult to give preference to any one type. The average dimensions allow the construction of buildings on a frame basis, but you will have to spend money on additional insulation and finishing. A brick bathhouse, provided it is laid with ceramic stone, does not require additional decor, but such buildings also do not have a high degree of thermal savings.
The best option would be to assemble a log frame, but good wood is not cheap and therefore additional finishing will be required, both outside and inside. Treated wood eliminates this. High natural thermal insulation values make it possible to avoid the need for additional wall insulation. But for such privileges, you will have to pay an amount almost equal in cost to building a brick bathhouse.
Despite the choice of material, a 4x5 bathhouse requires a reliable foundation. Whether it is a strip base or a pile version - they must be capital, made in accordance with all standard indicators. Preliminary soil reconnaissance is required to determine the depth of the foundation. Even the most reliable strip foundation poured with reinforcement in several layers, provided that groundwater passes through it, will collapse in literally 2 years. 
Having given preference to laying a log frame from untreated wood, after erecting the walls under the roof, it is necessary to allow the structure to stand for at least six months. Shrinkage processes occurring during this period of time minimize minor flaws. Insulation work will be easier to carry out, and besides, after shrinkage, the risk of fractures is minimal door designs and window openings.
Particular attention is paid to insulation, because, unlike small bathhouses, a structure with dimensions of 4x5 will be more difficult to warm up if the walls, floor and ceiling are poorly insulated. Provided that a recreation room will be installed in the attic, additionally insulate the rafter system. Heating inside the attic and temperature changes contribute to the accumulation of condensation, which can subsequently cause fungal deposits to appear on the wood.
The option of building a 4x5 bathhouse allows you to experiment with the layout of the premises. But this needs to be done thoughtfully so as not to harm the overall microclimate necessary to create comfort inside.
Building a good bathhouse for a Russian person has always been no less important than building a house and starting a family. From time immemorial, our steam room has been revered as an almost sacred place. The most important moments of life were associated with her: weddings and the birth of children, holidays and recovery from illnesses.
How to properly arrange a real Russian steam room? What should be the layout of the bathhouse and its interior decoration?
And first of all, you need to plan the place where the steam room will be located. Fire safety technology dictates the construction of a bathhouse on a site separate from the main buildings. Whatever the building site you choose, the distance from it to the house and outbuildings should not be less than 15 meters.
The most suitable site would be the shore of a lake, pond or river. If there are no natural reservoirs near your property, then an artificial one will do. You can, for example, dig small pond, build a pool - in the bathhouse itself or next to it. If finances do not allow you to include such a reservoir in the project, then you can get by with a font or shower.
When thinking about the layout of a Russian bathhouse, the type of soil plays a significant role. The most important stage of construction—the construction of the foundation—depends on it. This is easiest to do on sandy soils. A log house of a wooden Russian steam room, even if you plan to equip it with an attic, can be placed on a shallow strip foundation. Other types of soils are subject to seasonal changes.
When frost sets in, the soil freezes and swells, and in the spring it returns to its normal position. The structure, if appropriate measures are not taken, will become deformed.
A compact bathhouse 4x4 m is an excellent solution for a small area. Even in conditions of such a modest-sized design, you can quite successfully arrange all the necessary premises, resulting in a full-fledged, functional and comfortable bathhouse.
After reviewing the information below, you will learn about the most optimal options for the location of the interior spaces of a 4x4 m bath, the choice of rational dimensions for each of them, the features of the interior decoration, as well as additional related nuances.
Drawing up a project for any bathhouse, and a building measuring 4x4 m is no exception, begins with designating the location of the most important rooms of the building in question, i.e. steam room, wash room and dressing room.
Important! If a 4 by 4 bathhouse is built from logs (and this is the material most often used in the construction of structures of such modest size), keep in mind that the internal space will be somewhat smaller as a result compared to the external one. In the process of performing calculations, subtract the thickness of the log from the inside of the logs used (in the case of felling “into the paw”), or add an additional 250 mm to this thickness (in the case of felling “into the bowl”). This will allow you to perform the required calculations as correctly as possible.
For example, if a bathhouse is built from logs 400 cm long and 24 cm in diameter, cut into a bowl, the internal dimensions of such a structure will not exceed 3x3 m. Consider these points in advance, wisely selecting the size of the logs and the cutting method, focusing on the desired internal dimensions baths
When drawing up a project, remember the following important nuances:
In the process of designing a compact bath, you need to take into account a number of additional important nuances:
The layout of the bathhouse can be supplemented with a terrace or porch, at the discretion of the owner. In general, with design internal layout 4 by 4 baths usually do not pose any difficulties. You just need to first familiarize yourself with all the possible nuances of the work being performed so that you don’t have to redo anything in the future.
The simplest version of a 4x4 m bathhouse is a structure consisting of one room, which simultaneously serves as a locker room/dressing room and steam room. An electric or conventional wood-burning stove is installed in the corner of the steam room. The room is equipped with 2-3 shelves 50-60 cm wide or more if free space allows. Along with this, this type of layout is extremely inconvenient, because it is much more comfortable when the bathhouse has both a washing room and a rest room. Moreover, in a space of 4x4 m it is quite possible to arrange them.
The standard layout includes a relaxation room, which simultaneously serves as a dressing room and dressing room, a steam room, and a washing room. The stove is usually installed in a steam room. As a result, the adjacent room (usually a relaxation room) is heated by heat emanating from the wall adjacent to the steam room.
If your budget allows, you can even build a small bathhouse with a 4x4 m attic. The first floor is reserved for a steam room and standard accompanying rooms, and on the second you can make a billiard room, an additional recreation room, or even a full bedroom.
One of the most popular and good options The internal layout of a 4x4 m bath is shown in the following image.
The proposed project includes attached terrace dimensions 150x400 cm. There is enough space to install a compact table and chairs. In the warm season, you can while away the time here with a cup of tea or another drink after visiting the steam room.
The entrance leads to the dressing room. This room can simultaneously be used as a rest room, locker room, storage space for firewood and other accessories. The stove is installed in the steam room. The firebox door of the heating unit is located in the dressing room.
The installation of the stove is carried out with the obligatory fulfillment of fire safety requirements: the walls around it are sheathed with fire-resistant material, a sheet of metal 10 mm thick is laid in front of the furnace firebox.
Also very successful is the 4x4 m bathhouse project presented in the following image.
In accordance with the previous recommendation, the interior space here was first divided into 2 identical parts, one of which was eventually equipped as a spacious lounge. The other half was again divided in half, subsequently allocating one part to the steam room, the second to the washing room. In this project, the furnace is fired from the washing room.
If desired, you can install the stove against the wall of the steam room adjacent to the rest room so that the unit is fired from a large room. In these moments, the owner is guided by his personal preferences.
For comfortable operation of the steam room in the cold season, the project can be equipped with a small vestibule, as in the image below.
The area of the steam room's interior is determined in accordance with the expected number of visitors. In general, wash rooms in compact baths are in most cases made to a minimum size so that there is enough space to install a shower stall and, if necessary, a toilet. This option will allow you to allocate more free space to the steam room.
Despite such modest dimensions, a space of 4x4 m is quite enough to arrange all the necessary premises:
Having a covered terrace is a big advantage. Firstly, there is an additional equipped place for relaxation. Secondly, if there is a terrace, bad weather will not be able to spoil your visit to the bathhouse.
Along with this, if the space is limited to the strictly considered 4x4 m, in order to equip the terrace you will have to significantly reduce the dimensions of the internal rooms. In general, the owner will still have to sacrifice something in order to make the most efficient use of the available space, and what exactly is something everyone decides for themselves.
An important stage in drawing up the internal layout of any bathhouse is determining the optimal dimensions of each room, taking into account the available space. Calculations are usually carried out in accordance with the expected number of people who will simultaneously be in the room being equipped. For example, 1-2 people will be more or less comfortable in a steam room with an area of 3-6 m2, for 2-3 people you need to arrange a room of a larger size - on average 4-8 m2, etc.
The information given in the following table will allow you to quickly navigate and correctly determine the internal dimensions of each bath room.
As noted, the main rooms of any bathhouse are the steam room, wash room and dressing room, as can be seen in the following image.
Key information for each room listed is provided in the following table.
Table. Bath premises
PremisesBasic information
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If previously the dressing room was used primarily as a locker room, as well as a place for storing dry firewood and other bath accessories, now this room is often additionally equipped as a rest room. To do this, it is enough to place a table, chairs or a corner in the dressing room, as well as a TV and musical equipment, if space allows and there is a need for it. When calculating the area of the dressing room, follow the following rule: at least 1.3 m2 of free space per visitor. At the same time, the mentioned 1.3 m2 does not include the space occupied by furniture and technical equipment. To ensure the required level of air exchange and overall greater comfort of use, an adjustable window is installed in the dressing room. Important! The door leading from the dressing room to the steam room is installed with the expectation of opening strictly in the direction of the first. |
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The key functions of this room are fully demonstrated by its name. For maximum ease of use, the washing machine is equipped with both cold and hot water supply. Water is heated using a furnace, electric water heater or other available methods. Design the washing room in such a way that each visitor is given free space of at least 1-1.2 m2. The equipment for the washing station is at the discretion of the owner. For example, you can get by with installing a regular shower tray, but it is much more comfortable to place a full-fledged shower stall in the washroom. |
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The design of the main bath room is carried out taking into account many important nuances and additional points, including: - dimensions of the furnace and features of its installation; - free space between the heating unit and the objects closest to it; - approximate number of people visiting the steam room at the same time; - dimensions of shelves and their number, etc. If you follow current requirements, the steam room must be designed so that each visitor is given at least 1 m2 of free space if the person sits while in the bathhouse. The mentioned quadrature does not include the space occupied by objects internal situation steam rooms, walkways, etc. It is recommended to make the steam room at least 200-210 cm in height - this will ensure optimal performance heating and will allow every average visitor to comfortably use the bathhouse. Regarding the length and width of the steam room, everything depends on the specifics of the project. Along with this, it is necessary that either the length or width of the room exceeds 2 meters. |
The issue of designing shelves as one of the key elements of arranging a steam room deserves special attention.
So, if they are placed on shelves, their width should be from 90-100 cm, and their length should be at least 180-200 cm - such dimensions will be comfortable for most visitors with an average body constitution.
If the steam room space is not enough to arrange “lying” shelves, you will have to limit yourself to installing shelves for sitting. Recommended dimensions of such elements: length - in accordance with the size of the steam room, width - 40-50 cm.
Plans for bathhouses with separate steam room and shower: a - bathhouse for 1-2 people with seated seating in the steam room 
The lower shelves are traditionally made the narrowest - this part of the steam room is the least hot, which is why children usually sit below. Draw up a project with the expectation that there will ultimately be at least a 1-meter gap between the top shelf and the ceiling of the bathhouse. The recommended distance between the shelves themselves is 350-500 mm.
Plans for baths with a combined steam room and shower: a - for 1 person; b-for 2 people; c - for 3 people:
1 - steam room-shower; 2 - dressing room; 3-doors; 4 - shelves for sitting; 5-stand; 6 - oven; 7 - bench; 8 - shelf-bed; 9-bed; 10 - chair; 11 - table
If desired, the owner can change the recommended dimensions at his discretion. It is only necessary to control that, as a result, each visitor to the steam room feels comfortable in it and, at the same time, observes the basic safety regulations.
Possible configuration options for shelves in the steam room are presented in the following image.
Regarding the interior lighting of the steam room, there are only 2 recommendations:
manufacturing materials and design of lighting fixtures must be designed for use in a bathhouse;
the installation of lamps must be done so that there is enough light in the steam room and the light does not “hit” the eyes of the bathhouse visitors.
In addition to the nuances of the internal arrangement of the bathhouse premises and their dimensions, special attention should be paid to the finishing of each room. Traditionally, natural and environmentally friendly materials are used in the interior design of a bathhouse, the favorite among which is wooden lining.
Wood – natural material, meeting all basic sanitary and hygienic standards and requirements regarding the internal arrangement of buildings and rooms with high levels of humidity and temperature.
Wood, unlike various kinds of artificial “brothers”, does not emit components harmful to human health during the heating process. In addition, the natural material is characterized by excellent thermal properties, impressive durability and relatively low thermal expansion.
However, not every type of wood will “feel” equally good in a bathhouse. Since ancient times, Russian steam rooms were finished mainly using larch, cedar and linden. Among modern options, abashi wood is highly respected - lining made from this material is ideal for finishing the inside of bath rooms. Basic information regarding the materials mentioned is given in the following table.
Table. Properties of materials for finishing bath rooms
MaterialMaterial
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During heating this material releases a number of different essential oils, under the influence of which the air around is saturated with a pleasant aroma. In addition, the released essential oils have a beneficial effect on the human body. During operation, linden does not lose its original color, which makes it possible to think much less often about the need to repeat repair and finishing work in the bathhouse. |
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A material that is rapidly gaining popularity for the improvement of interior bath rooms. Tropical wood is characterized by minimal thermal conductivity and promotes effective heat retention in the bathhouse, almost without heating up during operation. The material has a visually pleasant yellowish tint and an almost uniform texture, making the finished finish look very beautiful. |
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The material “feels” great in the temperature and humidity conditions typical for a steam room. When heated, cedar wood releases a pleasant aroma of pine needles. When choosing cedar lining, consider one very important point - low-quality material during operation can begin to intensively release resin, so it is recommended that finishing be done exclusively using high-quality boards designed specifically for the planned event. |
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Edged or tongue-and-groove boards made from hardwood are excellent for cladding ceilings. Coniferous species are not suitable for finishing floors - during the heating process, many of them release resin, the contact of which with the skin leads to burns. |
The finishing of the steam room should be done using wood as much as possible. High Quality, because It is in this room that the most severe operating conditions are created.
Important! When covering the steam room with clapboard using nails, fastening must be done using the “sunk-in” method. The boards are not directly covered with anything after sheathing, because... When heated, any paint and varnish materials begin to release substances harmful to humans.
When designing the interior decoration of the steam room, be sure to provide for the installation of a high-quality thermal insulation layer - thanks to it, the heat will be retained inside the room for as long as possible, which will allow you to avoid excessive and inappropriate heating costs. Thermal insulation is usually installed in combination with hydro-vapor barrier materials, which ensure a longer service life of both insulation and finishing materials. If you wish, you can buy combined material, combining the functions of insulation and vapor barrier, for example, based on mineral wool with a foil coating.
The cladding of the steam room is best done using hardwood. Favorites include abashi and linden. A more budget-friendly and quite good option is aspen.
When designing a floor, you can give preference to a leaky or non-leaky wood structure, or a permanent concrete floor. Concrete floors are usually finished with tiles. The advantage of this option is a longer service life compared to wooden structures.
Boards require much more frequent repairs compared to concrete and tiles. If wooden flooring is chosen, it is better to use edged or tongue-and-groove boards for its arrangement. The flooring elements are attached to pre-arranged timber joists. The floor design is traditionally made with a slight (usually 2 mm per 1 m) slope in the direction of the drain hole.
The decoration of the relaxation room is done at the discretion of the owner - here the temperature and humidity conditions are not as extreme as in the steam room, so the choice is limited mainly by the preferences of the owner, the available budget and the features of the project.
The walls in the washing room can be covered with clapboard made of larch, or any of the previously mentioned materials. The main requirement is that the finish must be as resistant to moisture as possible.
In view of the mentioned requirements, the most preferred finishing option for the wash room is wood coniferous species, for example, cedar or pine. These materials tolerate contact with moisture normally, maintaining key performance and aesthetic qualities for many years of service.
Many people have the desire to have their own bathhouse on site: it provides a unique opportunity to improve your health, relax and unwind after a hard day. And if the bathhouse is near your house or dacha, and you don’t need to go anywhere, this method of relaxation is generally priceless. But there are a lot of questions: where to put it, how to deploy it, how many and what kind of rooms there should be, what size and what kind of foundation to make, and a thousand others. For now, let's talk about the layout of the bathhouse on the site and inside.
You need to start by choosing a place to build a bathhouse. In this case, you need to rely on data from a geological survey of the site: choose the best soils and the lowest location of groundwater. Then the foundation can be made inexpensively, and the bathhouse will stand well. Without such a survey of the site, you have to choose at random.
In this case, it is advisable to immediately exclude places where groundwater comes close. They can be seen at sunset. Inspect the area in the evening. If there are places where small midges hover in a column in one place, there is water close below. It’s good to dig a well here, but you can’t build a house or a bathhouse.
Having excluded all wet areas, you can try to fit the planned building in dry areas. There are also some restrictions here:
If your site overlooks the shore of a river or lake, it makes sense to put a bathhouse nearby: you can take a dip and not bother with building a pool. It will also be possible to organize a water supply from the reservoir, but in this case it will be necessary to fool around with the drainage so that the wastewater does not get there. So the optimal location of the bathhouse on the site is an individual matter.
The most common layout of baths: entrance to the south, windows of the rest room to the west. The entrance is in the south because the snow melts here first and there are usually fewer snowdrifts. And windows are made in the western wall, because most often they steam in the afternoon and the setting sun illuminates the room.
But this is only the most common layout and nothing more. You can place both the entrance and the windows in the way that seems most convenient to you: maybe you have an amazingly beautiful landscape to the east, and to the west all that is visible is the wall of the neighbor’s barn. No one will stop you from doing as you see fit.
There are constant battles around how to properly take a steam bath. They also apply to the number and volume of premises. There are several approaches to this issue. Choose the one that is closest to you.
This bathhouse layout has a small vestibule. It will not allow cold air to rush into the room
The first postulate is that when using a bathhouse all-season (and in winter too), there should be a vestibule at the entrance to the bathhouse. Otherwise, the rest room will quickly get cold: with each opening of the door, a portion of cold air will rush into it. There is no debate here. There are only a few options for organizing a vestibule: it is fenced off inside or attached outside.
If you only steam during the warm season, there is no need for a vestibule. In the summer, people often relax outside after a steam room: on the terrace or porch.
But there is a dispute about the composition of the premises that are needed in the bathhouse. Most people are of the opinion that the steam room and sink should be separate. But since the size of the baths is usually small, these two rooms turn out to be small. This is good for dry-air saunas: small volumes warm up quickly. In this case, a separate sink from the steam room is also necessary: the sauna must be dry. No more than 10% humidity. A large amount of steam at a temperature of 100°C or higher will burn the nasopharynx and bronchi. Therefore, if the bathhouse is dry-air, then the sink must be separate.
Some supporters of moderate temperatures and high humidity - a regime that is typical for a Russian bath - believe that a washing room and a steam room can and should be combined. There are several reasons for this:
In principle, the second problem can be solved: you need to maintain a fairly high temperature in the washing room, 35-40°C, and there is already enough humidity there. It will create an almost “hammam” atmosphere. Under such conditions, you can rest. To do this, trestle beds are made in the washing department, on which people rest in a warm, humid atmosphere after the steam room. Then the washing area should be large. And they go into the rest room only when they are no longer going to enter the steam room.
The second approach to vaping is different: after the body has warmed up, it needs to be cooled down. For this purpose, contrasting procedures are used - cool or cold showers, dousing, rubbing with snow, etc. That’s when a separate washing room with a cool atmosphere is needed. There are also fonts with cold or cool water here. With this approach, they stay in the steam room for quite a long time - 10-15 minutes, because they need to warm up again.
Ideally, you will need to visit both types of sauna to decide which is best for you. Whichever one will be better for you is the one worth building.
Now, let's summarize. The bathhouse can have two or three rooms. There may be a relaxation room, and separate rooms for a steam room and a washing room. In another option, there is a relaxation room, and the steam room and washing room are combined in one room.
This room can be classified as optional, but it is desirable. It is much more convenient if all things are collected in one place. But even here questions and disagreements arise: where should the doors go. There are usually two options: to the rest room and to the washing room. Both options are imperfect.
If the entrance to the locker room is made from the rest room, then after undressing you will have to walk through this room. If there is no one else in the bathhouse, this is one thing, but if a campaign has gathered and someone is already resting, this is a completely different story.
The second option is preferable from this point of view: from the locker room you immediately go to the sink, and from there to the steam room. But then damp air from the sink will inevitably end up in the locker room. And damp air = wet clothes. It's still a pleasure. So you usually have to choose: walk through the rest room in a negligee or put on wet clothes after the bath.
But more often, they still make an entrance to the locker room from the washing room, and solve the problem of humidity with good ventilation: they make two channels, one at the bottom for the intake of fresh air, and the second at the top for the removal of damp air. An exhaust fan is usually built into the top one (for wet rooms). This is how, in pairs, natural and forced ventilation cope with high humidity.
In addition to the composition of the premises, it is necessary to determine the size. Since most often there are three rooms - the sink and the steam room are separate - we will describe approaches to choosing sizes for all three rooms.
The main thing when planning a bath is to determine the optimal size of the steam room. It’s clear that you want to save on construction costs and on wood for heating. But a room that is too small is completely uncomfortable: the sauna overheats quickly, and you feel like you’re in a cage.
It is most reasonable to proceed from how many people should fit in the steam room at one time. Moreover, the sizes also depend on the type of steam room. No one moves much in the dry air vehicle. Everyone sits decorously on the shelves: at this temperature you can’t move. Therefore, one meter is enough for one person to “sit”. To lie down, it’s already 2.2. So here it is. Decide how long a person can sit with you and how long can lie down. Then you calculate the area of the shelves, add space for the stove and a little for the passage to the shelves. You get the minimum dimensions of a steam room for a sauna.
In a Russian bathhouse, they mostly lie on the shelves. And also, the bathhouse attendant is waving brooms. Therefore, the dimensions here should be larger.
For a wet Russian steam room, the width and length are chosen so that two or three can lie comfortably - depending on how many people will be steaming at the same time. We calculate the area of the required shelves (80-100 cm wide for one, 2.2 to 2.5 m long), add the area for placing the stove, the screen around it, approaches and gaps, and we get the minimum volume of the steam room for a Russian bath. If the dimensions do not allow, leave one “lying” place, always a place where the bath attendant stands, and, if possible, at least a small shelf for “sitting”.
In general, the area in the steam room is used more rationally if it is not square, but rectangular. Moreover, the stove is usually located on the long side. And also keep in mind that from the stove, even covered with a brick screen (for Russian baths it must be covered with a screen), there should be a distance of about 20-30 cm to the shelves, but more is better.
For information on choosing ceiling heights and doors, read the article « The height of the ceiling and shelves in the bathhouse and sauna ». Briefly, we can say the following: for a conditioned steam room (steam is mixed evenly throughout the entire volume), the finishing ceiling is not lower than 2.10 m, and for a pie room (steam is collected under the ceiling) not lower than 2.4 m.
Let's immediately talk about the height of the shelves - this is another stumbling block when designing a steam room. In general, each parameter is selected individually. If you customize the steam room “to suit you,” then the height of the shelf should be up to the knuckles of your lowered hand. Stand on the floor (on a grate or stool, if you have one), lower your hand down. Where your knuckles are is where the surface of the shelf should be.
If several tiers of shelves are planned, then the top one should not be closer to the ceiling than 115 cm. And one more thing: the second one is higher than the first - 45 cm: then you can not only lie on the top shelf, but also sit (if you want it “hotter” ).
You need to draw everything in size and it all should fit into the steam room in its “pure” form, taking into account the walls and insulation layer
But not everyone who will take a steam bath has the same height. That's why they make side steps. You can have several pieces of different heights for people of different heights: they lean on such a step when they need to climb onto shelves. The same steps are used by the bathhouse attendant: people have different waist circumferences, and sometimes even in a steam room that is tailored to suit you, you have to stand on a step to make it more comfortable.
One little tip: make the steps wide. Firstly, if necessary, you can sit on them, and secondly, wide and low ones are more stable.
Here again, there are two approaches: either try to get by with the minimum - this is if the size of the bathhouse is limited, or plan it as convenient as possible, and put the resulting dimensions into the project. If we talk about the minimum, then you can get by with a small shower, above which you can also attach a shower device. In this case, a size of 1.5 * 1.5 meters will be sufficient. A little cramped, but not too tight.
For comfort and in case you relax in the steam room, you need to place trestle beds here. Then, probably, you need to fence off the shower stall separately - it’s 1.2 * 1.2 m (or more, if you want). And add one or two trestle beds (depending on the number of people steaming in one go). The size of the trestle beds may be similar to the shelves in the steam room, or slightly different. Here the dimensions are no longer critical. The main thing is to lie comfortably.
Some people put fonts in the washing room. Here you can’t get by with small dimensions, and the sizes of the font can be different - from one and a half meters in diameter and more.
And again, two layout options even in baths of the same size. Some try to block off as much area as possible for the relaxation room, leaving a minimum for the steam room and washing area. This option is suitable if the bathhouse is something like a club. Then the main action is precisely the gatherings in the relaxation room. And the room stands out and is accordingly spacious.
But there are people who enjoy precisely the processes taking place in the steam room. And then the situation changes radically: the necessary minimum is allocated for the rest room: a hanger, a table, several benches/armchairs/chairs. All. But all other areas are allocated for the steam room.
Having decided on the size of all the rooms and their location, take the time to draw everything to scale. This can be done on a computer using programs or the old-fashioned way on checkered paper. Just draw large, and while maintaining proportions, taking into account the thickness of the walls and partitions, insulation and finishing. Then count the real areas that remain in “pure” form. Absolutely: a surprise awaits you. And unpleasant. All the piers and walls take up a lot of space. And in the remaining space you will need to “fit” all the items. There are especially many difficulties with the steam room. So be especially careful here. Most likely, the already completed bathhouse plan will have to be redrawn, and more than once.
Pay attention to the location of the doors. It is desirable that they be located as close as possible. Especially in walk-through rooms. It's all about the same utilitarianism: it's impossible to use all the passages. So they eat up a decent amount of space.
It is also necessary to consider the layout of the premises in the bathhouse from a safety point of view. Therefore, it is advisable to make the path from the steam room to the street as simple and short as possible, without labyrinths. This is necessary in case someone becomes ill. The sooner a person can get out into the fresh air, the better. Therefore, some projects provide two doors in the steam room: one from the washing room - for regular use, the second - to the vestibule - for emergency situations.
In order to be able to evacuate as quickly as possible, the washing room must have a window of decent size - no less than 50*50 cm. And it must open inward (again, safety precautions). And it’s better not to skimp on size: small sizes will not provide the amount of fresh air required for ventilation. It’s also difficult to climb out through the small window.
Many, by the way, do not install windows in either the washing room or the steam room, and they are very mistaken. Now we will briefly explain why.
These windows are needed not for lighting, but for ventilation. The steam room needs two windows - one in the wall opposite the door, measuring 40*40 cm or so. Its upper edge should be level with the door lintel. The second window in the steam room is made under the shelf. It can be small - 20*20 cm.
All of them are needed for ventilation and drying of rooms after use. Then you will not have any problems with wood and fungus. They are also opened to correct temperature/humidity. Everyone is comfortable with their own conditions, so they regulate them with the help of windows. Read more about where windows should be in a bathhouse and what sizes they are, and in the article “Which doors to choose for a bathhouse and sauna” we talk about doors and their sizes.
The window in the washing room is also an emergency exit. You shouldn’t forget about this either. Of course, we try not to break the rules and install the stoves correctly, but it’s better to be safe.
Let's consider the option of building a bathhouse of the most popular size. Dimensions 4x5 are close to ideal. According to this, instructions for choosing a layout and building a bathhouse of this type will be of interest to many.
Purchasing a ready-made bathhouse project developed by specialists and using it to navigate during construction is a very convenient option. But not everyone can afford it, so you will have to develop everything yourself. The declared dimensions allow you to experiment a little with the arrangement of the rooms. It is even possible to create a separate room for the installation of a distribution panel and a small boiler room (if necessary). But this will require making partitions between the walls, which is often associated with increased financial costs.
When starting detailed modeling of rooms in a schematic drawing, it is necessary to consider the location of the following rooms and additional elements:
In order to comfortably accommodate a large family in the bathhouse, the layout can be made by slightly adjusting the internal space. In this case, it is permissible to slightly increase the area of the steam room, thereby creating the opportunity for more people to steam in it. Do not greatly underestimate the dimensions of the rest room. Sacrifice a couple of squares of washing area. Then you can relax with a large group, take a steam bath, and take turns taking water procedures.
This is a kind of air cushion between the cold outside and the warmth in the washing department. Therefore, the procedure for insulating walls requires special attention. Its functionality should not be underestimated. The dressing room protects the premises from the cold and allows you to relax after the steam room. The ideal size in a bathhouse with dimensions of 4x5 is a meter wide and 3–3.5 in length. In this case, the entrance to the bathhouse can be made from one edge, separating the room itself with another door. This way, cold air will not enter the rest room.
A stove heated from the dressing room will allow you to create additional coziness. In this case, the entrance to the washing compartment should be in the middle. The steam room and the room with the shower are located on different sides, while the steam room should be in contact with the rest room with one wall. Stove heating is installed in this side so that it can heat two rooms. In addition to the correct location of the dressing room and its interaction with other rooms, you must adhere to the following recommendations:
The layout allows the wash compartment to be relatively large. The placement of several watering cans is allowed, provided that direct access to water is used. There are also special requirements for the construction of this department. For example, the area is calculated based on 1 m/sq per person. A slight reduction in dimensions is allowed if it is necessary to redesign the premises. The optimal size for a bathhouse is 4x5 meters, would be a washing room with dimensions from 1.8 to 2 meters. In such an area you can place all the amenities, including benches for installing bath accessories.
In the washing department, ventilation is simply necessary. For large rooms, you can make two vents at the top of the walls or one full window. Some designs place vents at the bottom and top to ensure a constant flow of air throughout the room. This is more necessary to ventilate the wooden floor. If the surface is finished with ceramics, then natural ventilation is sufficient, without creating an additional inflow.
The most important thing is the functional compartment in the bathhouse. There are increased requirements for the arrangement of a steam room. Considering that in a 4x5 meter bathhouse the steam room has a fairly spacious room, it is necessary to take care of a high temperature sufficient to carry out the appropriate procedures. Therefore, it is recommended to make a stove-heater, having first built a foundation in the intended location of the masonry.
The use of devices powered by electric heating elements is not always justified in economic terms, which affects high energy consumption rates. The dependence of consumption can be reduced by double thermal insulation of the steam compartment or by additional installation of steam generators.
The correct design of a paired compartment also includes the level of comfortable movement. The overall dimensions of the bathhouse allow you not to save on space, and in some cases you can sacrifice space in the washing room and relaxation room to create space in the steam room. In this regard, electric ovens will be more profitable. But for them you will have to lay electrical wiring separately. A heater is more profitable, but it takes up more space. It is necessary to find the best option. Because the room is designed for several people, there should be no discomfort due to lack of space.
The shape of the steam room is a regular square or rectangle, depending on the location. In any case, it is necessary to work out the installation of the oven in such a way that it is located on the opposite side of the shelves. If the stove is heated from the dressing room, then according to the location, the paired seats are designed in a different plane.
Considering the use of all possible material options for the construction of a 4x5 meter bathhouse, it is difficult to give preference to any one type. The average dimensions allow the construction of buildings on a frame basis, but you will have to spend money on additional insulation and finishing. A brick bathhouse, provided it is laid with ceramic stone, does not require additional decor, but such buildings also do not have a high degree of thermal savings.
The best option would be to assemble a log frame, but good wood is not cheap and therefore additional finishing will be required, both outside and inside. Treated wood eliminates this. High natural thermal insulation values make it possible to avoid the need for additional wall insulation. But for such privileges, you will have to pay an amount almost equal in cost to building a brick bathhouse.
Despite the choice of material, a 4x5 bathhouse requires a reliable foundation. Whether it is a strip base or a pile version - they must be capital, made in accordance with all standard indicators. Preliminary soil reconnaissance is required to determine the depth of the foundation. Even the most reliable strip foundation poured with reinforcement in several layers, provided that groundwater passes through it, will collapse in literally 2 years.
Having given preference to laying a log frame from untreated wood, after erecting the walls under the roof, it is necessary to allow the structure to stand for at least six months. Shrinkage processes occurring during this period of time minimize minor flaws. Insulation work will be easier to carry out, and besides, after shrinkage, the risk of breaking door structures and window openings is minimal.
Particular attention is paid to insulation, because, unlike small bathhouses, a structure with dimensions of 4x5 will be more difficult to warm up if the walls, floor and ceiling are poorly insulated. Provided that a recreation room will be installed in the attic, additionally insulate the rafter system. Heating inside the attic and temperature changes contribute to the accumulation of condensation, which can subsequently cause fungal deposits to appear on the wood.
The option of building a 4x5 bathhouse allows you to experiment with the layout of the premises. But this needs to be done thoughtfully so as not to harm the overall microclimate necessary to create comfort inside.
The bathhouse is a great place to relax. It is not surprising that many owners of their own land plot besides home and utility rooms They also want to build a steam room there.
In this article, illustrated with a photo, we will look at how to build a bathhouse with your own hands, having previously planned everything. We are sure ours detailed instructions will be useful to you and planning a 4 by 5 bathhouse will become an easy task for you (see also the article “4 by 5 by 4 by 5 bathhouse - a pleasant bathhouse in all respects”).
Of course, the easiest way is to purchase a project created taking into account your individual requirements regarding the following components:
However, the price of such a project will be quite high, which will ultimately increase the overall construction cost and then the steam room will no longer be so long-awaited.
Advice. You can use standard projects, which are presented in abundance on our thematic resource. Here you will find drawings that have already been tested by other lovers of water treatments. It is easy to make changes to any project taken as a basis that will satisfy all your requirements and desires.
If you decide to plan a steam room yourself, then you must provide the following:
If you want to build a room for your family, then in this case you need to develop a plan for a 4 by 5 bathhouse, which will allow you to stay in it comfortably for at least big company.
Building functional steam rooms that can accommodate a family of four to five people is not only profitable, but also practical, because you can always invite friends over.
Below is a detailed diagram of a 5x4 bathhouse with a description of all the rooms that it includes:
The dressing room is necessary in order to protect the room from the cold, and it will also serve as a kind of vestibule, which will help maintain the microclimate inside the steam room.
Advice. If the room is adjacent to another building or is in close proximity to it, then you can refuse to build a dressing room, which will significantly save on construction costs.
The layout inside the 4 by 5 bathhouse provides for certain requirements for the dressing room:
The layout of a 5x4 bathhouse necessarily includes a washing room. You can even install a washing machine here, thereby freeing up space in the house.
There are also certain requirements for the washing room, adhering to which you can arrange this room with maximum comfort:
Advice. Be sure to install a shelf or bench in the sink. This will allow you to relax there after the steam room. Also, children or adults who are contraindicated in the steam room can relax on the bench.
And the last thing that the 4x5 bath plan involves is the arrangement of a steam room, which, in fact, is the main room in the entire building. There are also certain requirements and rules that must be followed.
First of all, pay attention to the level of comfort - it should freely accommodate at least two people, and preferably three, which will allow those washing to monitor each other’s well-being, thereby increasing the level of safety.
The shape of the steam room is most often square, but the shape of a small rectangle is also acceptable. The stove is usually installed in the far corner, which will allow better control of the temperature and microclimate in the room. The hood is done near the exit.
It is also important to properly arrange the shelves, which can have different shapes and appearance:
There are also time-tested rules for arranging shelves, which are also recommended to be strictly followed:
When arranging a steam room, pay special attention to the shelves, because mistakes when creating them will ruin the impression of even the most luxurious bathhouse!
Creating a bath plan for the whole family is not as difficult as it might seem. Choose from the projects presented on our website the one that is most suitable for you. If you are not satisfied with something about it, make changes to it, taking into account the above requirements (find out here how to build a 5 by 5 bathhouse for a suburban area made of timber).
This will allow you to build a bathhouse according to all the rules, but also taking into account your wishes. In the video presented in this article you will find Additional information on this topic.
Steam room layout
The Russian bathhouse is extremely popular not only among the population of our country. With the help of such a water procedure, you can say goodbye to many diseases and provide your body with complete relaxation and cleansing. Steam will fill you with new strength and an optimistic attitude, even if there is a lot of stress in your life. As practice shows, the 4x4 bathhouse project is one of the most popular options for a family of up to 4 people.
Of course, it is not so spacious, but the room quickly heats up and is able to evenly distribute and maintain the temperature for a long time. The layout of the bathhouse involves placing the steam room and washing rooms separately from each other. That is, so that visitors do not interfere with each other.
Summer and winter versions of the relaxation room differ from each other. The photo of the summer version shows that one of the corners of the bathhouse structure is cut off to create a terrace. Bathhouse designs for winter recreation involve heating the room using a heater stove, which also serves the steam room. A 4 by 4 sauna is functional, comfortable and attractive. If you build the structure yourself, it won’t cost too much.
4x4 bathhouse designs combine compactness and comfort, and are also an excellent solution for a small family. The one-story building occupies an area of 16 square meters. m and is divided into three adjacent rooms: a vestibule, a relaxation room and a steam room.
The photo of the relaxation room allows you to see that this is the most spacious room, which has everything you need to relax after visiting the steam room and is decorated accordingly. It is necessary to place a bathroom in the room near the steam room. Over time, you will have the opportunity to appreciate its presence in the bathhouse more than once.
Advice from the master!
Neat finishing and original solutions make the appearance of the baths attractive, especially when bright Sun rays Fill the room with light thanks to wide windows. Bathhouse project 4 by 4 s wooden porch with steps will emphasize the laconic design. The aroma of wood and a homely cozy atmosphere will relax you and distract you from the everyday hustle and bustle.
The choice of building materials will affect the quality of the 4x4 bathhouse, so the preparation of wood requires compliance with certain rules:
Logs must be properly prepared
The layout of a 4 by 4 bathhouse and the financial estimate take into account all the nuances and financial costs of construction. A classic wooden steam room easily removes moisture outside and protects the premises from waterlogging. Typically, such a construction scheme includes several stages:
For the construction of baths, pine or spruce round timber with a diameter of 250 mm is used. Wood creates an indescribable, specific atmosphere in the steam room. Experienced craftsmen developing bathhouse projects often add other wood species to the design. Usually this is larch, oak or linden. The plan of a classic bath includes two rooms - a dressing room and a wash room, which is combined with a steam room. In spring, on the south side the snow melts faster and the ground dries out, so it would be appropriate to enter here.
In order for the air to enter the dressing room already heated, you can make a small vestibule in a 4 by 4 bathhouse. The dressing room is often used as a locker room and rest room, where you can place shelves, benches, small table and hangers. If the layout of the bathhouse includes a separate room for relaxation, then you can put a fireplace in it. The universal ratio of the dimensions of the steam room, wash room and dressing room in the plan is considered to be 1: 1.5: 2.
Advice from the master!
In a 4 by 4 bathhouse, a steam room and a washing room can be combined. To prevent steam from heating excess space in the room, the ceiling height should not exceed 2 m. A wooden covering or rough tiles are laid on the floor. A 4 by 4 bathhouse has a floor with a slight slope; a drain is installed in it to drain water, but there should be no insulation in the floor. If it was decided to use insulation, it must be reliably protected with waterproofing material. When all the work is completed, all that remains is to enjoy the benefits of your own steam room.
It seems that the steam room is being set up without any hassle. And it’s hard to argue with this, because when decorating such a room, they don’t think about architectural delights. However, creating a steam room must follow strict rules. Only a flawlessly constructed steam room can become a place for complete relaxation.
The main furniture of the steam room is a shelf, a high platform on which to steam. If the bathhouse is intended for visiting a large company, then there should be several shelves in the steam room.
The platform in the bathhouse is built from wooden slats, and small gaps are left between them, which will not allow moisture to linger on the surface of the shelf.
The easiest option for installing a shelf is attaching a wooden structure to the floor
Typically, a high platform is attached to walls, behind which horizontal support bars are laid. This fixation option is better than the standard floor grip, since it does not limit the area of the steam room and greatly simplifies cleaning the floor that is not occupied by the legs of the shelf. Another advantage of a platform attached to the walls is the ability to place it on the floor under wooden structure buckets and other bath accessories.
In addition to the platform, there is a stove in the steam room.
In most cases, a brick oven is installed in the steam room, which heats up relatively quickly and does not cool down for a long time.
There are many options for a stove for heating a steam room: it can be either brick or metal. And in Lately Bathhouse owners even install electric stoves in the steam room. The choice of device for producing hot steam depends on the preferences and financial capabilities of the steam room owner.
You can use an electric oven to heat the air in the steam room, but it is expensive. 
The stove is sometimes placed in a corner near the door, but this is not The best decision 
The steam room can look original if you make shelves from different boards 
Corner shelves take up little space, but may be inconvenient 
Fans of a simple Russian bath do without lining and build shelves from thick boards
When planning the construction of a steam room, you need to decide what size it will be. There should be 0.7 m² per person in the steam room.
Experts advise making a steam room for 3 or 4 people in the bathhouse. This is due to the recommendations of doctors not to steam alone. It is much more difficult to bear the heat without company.
There is no need to make the steam room either cramped or very spacious. In the first case, it will be uncomfortable, and in the second, it will be quite cool, because it is difficult to heat a large room. It is preferable to create a steam room of size 2x2.4 meters. But from standard solutions leaving is not prohibited.
In a large bathhouse it is possible to make a large shelf 
The dimensions of the steam room must correspond to the dimensions of the washing room 
To save space in the bathhouse, it is worth making a steam room less than two meters wide and building it corner shelves 
Even in a small bathhouse it is possible to make a steam room 3x2 meters
To some extent, the width of the steam room depends on the way a person is placed on the shelf. If it is planned that the person relaxing in the bathhouse will sit on a platform, then the room is made compact.
When you decide to steam while lying down, more space is provided to create a steam room. In this situation, the optimal width is equal to the height of the tallest person in the family, plus another 20 cm.
The dimensions of the shelf and bath are chosen taking into account the position in which it is convenient to steam
The height of the steam room can be from 2.2 to 2.4 meters. It is determined based on the height of the tallest visitor to the bathhouse. When entering the steam room, this person should not touch the ceiling with his head.
A bathhouse with a steam room is installed in a log house made of logs or beams made of linden or aspen. These materials retain heat, smell pleasant and do not retain exhaust air in the room. Adherents of alternative options often install baths made of brick or laminated timber.
The walls and ceiling of the steam room are insulated both on the outside and on the inside using regular or foil-lined mineral wool.
Mineral wool is a high-quality raw material and inexpensive. Only foam glass, a material that is unusually resistant to the influence of high temperatures, can better perform its task of preserving heat in a bathhouse.
Mineral wool rolled into a roll is considered the best material for insulating the steam room
Expanded polystyrene is absolutely not suitable for insulating a bathhouse. Constantly heating up due to hot steam, it will begin to release toxins.
Glassine or foil is used as a waterproofing sheet. And the casing for attaching all the materials that protect the steam room from heat loss and fungal damage is made from wood that does not contain resin. We are talking about linden, alder, aspen and cedar. Materials made from these trees do not deteriorate for a long time, as they are not afraid of dampness and temperature changes.
Foil is ideal for protecting steam room walls from moisture
It is customary to decorate the steam room only with natural wood. Materials treated with chemicals are not suitable for covering surfaces in a steam room, as high temperatures cause them to release toxic substances into the air. This phenomenon does not happen with traditional lining, the planks of which are connected to each other according to the “tongue and groove” principle.
To decorate the steam room, it is advisable to purchase lining 15 mm thick. It is important to check the purchased material for splinters. There should be no defects in high-quality construction materials.
Lining has become the most popular material for finishing bath rooms
It is wiser to cover the floor of the steam room with boards or cover it with tiles. If the choice is made in favor of a wooden covering, then you should purchase material only from larch. There is no need to put insulation under the board floor, since practically no heat escapes from the steam room through the bottom.
A practical steam room owner will decide to cover the floor with tiles, which, unlike wood, can be easily washed and disinfected. It’s good if he also realizes that the tiles need to be glued to the lower zone of the walls, because drops of water often fall on this place.
Ceramic tiles do not deteriorate from exposure to moisture and are therefore often used to decorate steam rooms.
Windows in the steam room should be completely abandoned, but the door should be such that it does not let precious heat out of the room. The temperature in the steam room will not drop if you build a 30 cm high threshold at the entrance to the steam room and make the door ceiling low.
By creating a threshold, less warm air will escape from the steam room
To make it convenient to enter the steam room, it is better to install the doors near the stove. They should open inward, to the side where the person entering cannot get burned due to accidental contact with the stove.
The door to the steam room should open without problems. This means there are no constipations or locks that could break due to dampness and extreme heat.
Wood and glass are considered good materials for making steam room doors.. Boards, compared to glass, have more significant advantages, because they can be insulated. But a glass door can visually increase the area of the steam room.
You may like the glass door because it seems to attract a person to relax in the steam room
Creating a steam room will require the use of materials such as:
The formula will help determine how much material is needed for the floor and ceiling of the steam room: N = Sp/Sm, where N is the volume of construction raw materials, Sp is the surface area, in m², and Sm is the area of one piece of material, in m² (for example, the area one tile or board).
Calculation of the amount of material for finishing the walls of the steam room is carried out after determining the area that needs to be covered with clapboard, according to the formula S = (2AN + 2BH) – ah, where A is the length of the room; H - room height; B is the width of the room; a - door width; h - door height.
Having found out the area of the walls, calculate the area of one wood panel: the length of one lining element is multiplied by its width, and then the groove area is subtracted from the resulting value. The last computational action to determine required quantity lining is the division of the finishing area by the area of one panel.
Installation of building materials in the steam room must be carried out using the following tools:
Creating a steam room indoors is step by step process, consisting of waterproofing, insulation and finishing work.
To prepare the steam room for finishing, perform the following steps:
Immediately before finishing the steam room, do the following:
Suitable sized pieces of mineral wool are placed in the sheathing
Planed boards are attached to the ceiling with long nails
Installing the lining resembles assembling a construction set: each board is inserted into the groove of the plank attached above
To finish the floor in the steam room, do the following work:
The wall behind the stove can be protected from fire with a brick screen
To avoid heat loss through the exit, the door installed in the steam room is trimmed with boards on both sides. The inner surface of the entrance structure is covered with foil and mineral wool.
In the steam room, it is recommended to make two-tier or three-tier shelves in the form of a ladder. The first stage should be located at a large distance from the floor, since cool air circulates at the bottom of the steam room. The second shelf is made 50 cm higher than the first.
The second or third step of the platform, if it is the last, should be 1 meter away from the ceiling. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to use a broom on the shelf.
On the wall of the steam room next to which the stove is located, they create ventilation ducts. The hole for the air supply is made in a place slightly above the floor level, and the exhaust duct is located opposite the supply duct - on the wall near the ceiling. The diameter of this hole should be 2 times larger size supply channel. Both ventilation passages are equipped with valves.
The inlet opening is created at the bottom of the steam room
The steam room should be illuminated with lamps placed in stainless metal housings. All wires are insulated and hidden in special boxes. The switch is mounted outside the steam room.
It makes more sense to mount lighting fixtures under the steps of the shelf. As a result, the light will not “hit” your eyes, and the lighting will be soft.
The finishing and arrangement of the steam room should be undertaken with a full understanding of the matter, because this construction task takes a lot of time and effort. To make the room warm and reliable, it is better to refuse savings. As a result, the steam room will be safe, high-quality and beautiful.
When drawing up a project for facilities intended for water and air procedures with increased temperature conditions, it is necessary to take into account many technological subtleties. First of all, the space inside must be correctly demarcated. The layout of the 4x4 bathhouse deserves special attention, since such buildings have a square shape, which causes some difficulty in preparing documentation.
Most often, such a design includes three or four compartments: a washing area, a steam room, a relaxation area and a dressing room, which acts as a thermal boundary between the street and internal space. The listed premises are capable of forming comfortable conditions for bathing events. In each of them, it is recommended to have a low ceiling and a high threshold so that the heat does not escape quickly.
The most interesting thing is that the layout of the 4 by 4 bath allows you to make this compartment quite spacious, but its area should not exceed 4-5 square meters, otherwise the efficiency of the facility will decrease significantly. Exceeding the above dimensions will also result in loss of comfort.
Attention!
Any 4x4 bath plan should include separate steam room, since the dimensions of the building allow this to be done.
Combining compartments is appropriate if the area of the object does not exceed 15 square meters.
This room is intended for water procedures, so it has high humidity and therefore requires good ventilation. In many cases, this part of the bathhouse connects the steam room and the relaxation area.
This layout option is quite convenient during operation.
Note!
When planning 4 by 4 m baths, very often the washing compartment coincides with the dimensions of the steam room, since the dividing wall is installed strictly in the center of the main partition, located perpendicularly.
It is unlikely that it will be possible to create a full-fledged room for relaxation in such a small building, because a locker room is also needed. However, it is quite possible to combine it with this zone.
In most cases, a room is formed by constructing solid wall from the side of the door.
Important!
If you are drawing up a plan for a 4 by 4 bathhouse without outside help, then you need to take into account the square shape of the object.
In some cases, the resulting spaces are very narrow and inconvenient to use.
It is always advisable to arrange one that does not take up much space, but does the job the most important function, which consists in reducing heat losses. This type of room is always located at the entrance door to the building. Depending on the square footage of the object, its dimensions may vary.
Any instructions for designing a bathhouse must contain information about the location heating structure. Specific information is reflected in SNiP 41-01-2003, which clearly states that such structures should be protected thermally resistant materials, especially when it comes to wood. Regarding efficiency issues, the stove must be installed so that it heats several rooms at once.
When you plan to build a bathhouse with your own hands, first of all the common space must be correctly divided, then there will be no discomfort during operation. You need to evaluate all factors that can affect the final result. You can learn more about the preparation by watching the video in this article.
From spring to late autumn, dacha chores do not end. Make sure you have a place where you can take a break from your worries and don't let the outdoors turn into hard labor.
Today, the bathhouse has become a favorite place of relaxation, which combines hot air steam room and the coolness of the font. A 4 x 5 bathhouse will fit even in a small area. It can comfortably accommodate 3-4 people, so spending time with loved ones, organizing a corporate party or accommodating guests is quite possible.
Everyone plans the bathhouse independently, because not everyone can afford to purchase a ready-made project. Interior design, ventilation, lighting, temperature and humidity, as well as the choice of building materials are often left to the discretion of the owner. But they will help you plan the location of the bath branches ready-made options leading designers.
A separate sink and steam room are an undeniable advantage of 4 x 5 bathhouse projects. Perhaps this is their only similarity, and from the mass of options, everyone can choose what they like best.
The design of bath rooms should be as comfortable as possible and meet high requirements security.
It is important that all sockets and switches in bath rooms are located in the dressing room, which is protected from moisture and high temperatures.
A pair of birch or oak brooms hanging on the walls and a samovar on a table covered with a lace tablecloth will help you decorate a relaxation room in the Russian style. Bright curtains, soft sofas with colored pillows and a hookah will immerse you in the atmosphere of a Turkish bath - hammam. The laconic rectangular shape of the table and benches, as well as painting the walls white, will recreate the atmosphere of a Finnish bathhouse.
If the bathhouse has a water supply, the washing room is equipped with a shower cabin or shower panel. If the water is heated in a tank, the shower is replaced by a ladle, and on the washroom shelves there are basins, troughs and other containers for mixing water. This compartment is not hot, but humid, so the washroom is finished with tiles, mosaics or porcelain stoneware that can withstand such conditions.
Make a choice in favor of practicality, because the walls of the bathhouse must be thermally conductive so that it heats up quickly and retains heat, durable in order to “survive” both rain and snow drifts, and also “breathable” in order to withstand high temperatures. Well, the aesthetic appearance of the future bath will be formed by the texture of the material.
For durability, the bathhouse must be lined with brick or siding, and also treated with pest control.
To ensure that your future bathhouse pleases you for many years, listen to the advice of professionals:
To make the decoration of the bathhouse look organic, use wood of the same color.
