The companies that create and sell it talk a lot about the advantages of prefabricated housing made from SIP panels. However, relatively simple technology building a house from SIP panels, built with your own hands, reveals many nuances. They are contained, for example, in the issues of creating an optimal foundation design for a SIP building or choosing from several existing ones the most suitable method of connecting building elements to each other.
Even at the stage of choosing the size of the future house, the first appears. Indeed, in order to minimize waste of building materials, it is necessary to take into account standard width SIP panels – 1.25 m. If the development of the house project was ordered from a specialized organization, then expansion gaps will also be included in the construction plan. These are 3 mm tolerances, which are specifically left at the junction of two panels. However, as experience shows, OSB-3 boards, which make up the cladding of SIP panels, can have quite significant deviations in standard sizes. Thus, in accordance with the standards, the permissible error is +/- 3 mm per linear meter. In addition, SPI panels from different batches can also differ significantly in linear dimensions, up to 5 mm. This leads to the fact that, for example, one of the 8 panels that make up a 10 m long wall on the plan will have to be cut at the installation site. You can, on the contrary, get a gap of 20-30 mm, which is already eliminated by filling with polyurethane foam.
Structures made from SIP panels have significantly less weight than walls made of brick or even porous concrete (gas or foam blocks) and, often, they do not require wide, powerful foundations. However, when choosing the type of foundation, it is necessary to focus on the characteristics of the soil. Therefore, houses using the new technology of SIP panels can use the following types of foundations:
This is the so-called “Swedish” or “floating” foundation. It is one of the most expensive, but most effective bases. It is recommended to use it on weak-bearing unstable soils (swampy, quicksand, peat bogs). Moreover, if the area is marked high level rising or standing groundwater, then a branched drainage system should be installed under the reinforced concrete monolithic slab.
Elements of basic structures are often placed in “floating” foundations. engineering communications houses, layers of insulation, and in some cases heating systems. Such a design can play a role thermal battery and significantly increases the energy efficiency of the entire structure.
The technology for building houses from SIP panels on a slab base allows for the construction of two and three-story buildings.
On non-heaving soils, its depth may be higher than the freezing level. If you plan to equip the house basement or the rock adjacent to the base is subject to severe frost heaving, then the base of the foundation is buried below the actual freezing mark. Ribbon structures, especially reinforced concrete ones, have a fairly high load-bearing capacity, so they can be used for the construction of houses of any number of floors.
It is characterized by a laying depth exceeding the level of soil freezing. Installation of SIP panels is carried out on a prefabricated reinforced concrete grillage, which performs the functions of tying piles. Bored supports support the weight of structures, allowing houses with attics to be built on them.
A prefabricated wooden rand beam is usually used as a strapping on them. On soils with average bearing capacity, screw piles can be used in the construction of one-story houses, as well as those with small attics.
Before starting the installation of SIP panels, a lower trim (crown) beam with a section of 100x150 mm is laid on the foundation base. The place where it is placed should be reliably waterproofed. For this purpose it is used bitumen mastic, roofing felt (in two layers) or several layers of bitumen paper. In addition, the timber itself must be treated with antiseptic and water-repellent compounds. The figure below shows a diagram of laying the strapping on a strip foundation.
IMPORTANT! For installation of the bottom beam, removal of " zero level“, it is necessary to approach with special responsibility. Not only the ease of subsequent assembly of SIP panels, but also the quality and durability of the entire structure depends on the accuracy of its positioning.
The lower beam is fastened to the base using anchor bolts with a diameter of 10-12 mm. They are buried in the concrete by at least 100 mm, installed in increments of 50 cm. The bolts are screwed flush with the surface of the beam. To do this, it is recommended to drill countersunk holes in the wood - holes larger than the diameter of the bolt head, and to simplify installation operations, use socket wrenches. The recesses of the recesses can be filled with tar or bitumen; they will help prevent corrosion of the fasteners.
The structure of the basement tier (floor) consists of wooden logs(load-bearing frame) and horizontal SIP panels. To assemble it, the first panel is laid on top of the frame in the corner. A groove is selected in the polystyrene layer along the perimeter of its end part. A SIP key or an insert from a piece of timber 80x200 mm (for SIP with a thickness of 225 mm) is placed into the short inner end. Such protruding elements become ridges, to which the next SIP panels with pre-selected grooves are installed.
After assembling the first row, a groove is also selected in its longitudinal end part for laying a log made of 80x200 mm timber or doubled from 2x40x200 mm boards. The pairing is made with wood screws 75 mm long, screwed in at intervals of no more than 40 cm. The panels are attached to the joists through OSB-3 facing boards with self-tapping screws 40 mm long at intervals of 150-200 mm. The final stage of creation basement floor is the protection (rubbing) of the external ends of SIP panels. They are covered with a 40x200 mm board.
This is what a typical arrangement of basement floor elements looks like:
IMPORTANT! Before laying the panel elements of the basement tier, their lower planes must be treated with bitumen waterproofing mastic.
Sometimes, for the sake of imaginary savings, the technology for building houses from SIP panels is deliberately violated and ordinary boards on joists are used to construct the basement floor. The creation of a thermal insulation barrier is carried out on a base of expanded clay, poured directly onto the ground over a layer of waterproofing. Although this method can be used when installing strip foundation, however, its effectiveness leaves much to be desired. Good thermal insulation such a design will require the installation of additional insulation between the subfloor and the finished floor, such as sheets of foam plastic or mineral wool. This will negate the initial savings and will end up being more labor intensive.
After assembling the basement floor, the beams of the lower wall framing are installed on it in accordance with the plan of the interior. The elements of the bottom trim are beams with a width corresponding to the thickness of the polystyrene foam in the SIP panel and a height of 50-60 mm. A massive beam of this size is not always available for free sale, and it costs a lot. Therefore, often, a composite element made up of several boards is used instead. suitable sizes. The lower trim is fastened with 75 mm self-tapping screws in increments of no more than 40 cm.
When placing the timber, it is necessary to take into account the location of the doors in interior spaces. For ease of installation, as well as to prevent errors in planning, timber in doorways is cut out after assembling the walls from SIP panels. Therefore, in such places, the lower trim is not screwed to the floor.
The wall assembly of houses from SIP panels is carried out using methods similar to those already described for the lower floor. The most common is frame method, in which the splicing parts are no longer logs, but double racks 40 (50) x 150 mm (for self-supporting insulated wires with a thickness of 175 mm):
IMPORTANT! In order for the rack to extend into the panel to the required depth, a groove is made in the polystyrene foam. The strength of the connection of the wall elements, as well as the thermal efficiency of the joint, depends on the uniformity of its sampling. Therefore, when self-production For a quality groove, you should purchase or rent a thermal knife (in the figure below) or a special device for an angle grinder, consisting of a stop and a milling attachment.
The frameless connection method involves the use of dowels made from OSB-3 boards or special thermal inserts, the so-called “splines”. They are a narrow fragment of a SIP panel, its dimensions fitting inside the groove of a full-size panel. This frameless assembly technology makes it possible to reduce heat loss through the wood material of the timber, which has a higher thermal conductivity than polystyrene foam. The diagram for installing a SIP panel in a frameless manner using splines is shown in the figure below. It is optimally suited for the construction of one-story houses.
IMPORTANT! Regardless of the chosen installation method, the joints of any elements are treated with polyurethane foam before placing them in place. It helps to achieve absolute tightness of joints and increase the reliability of the structure as a whole.
After completing the assembly of the walls of the first floor, the upper ends of the panels are also foamed, and a 40 (50) x 150 mm strapping beam is placed into the foam sample. It is screwed along all OSB sheets with self-tapping screws 40 mm long, and to the frame posts - 75 mm.
Interfloor and attic floors are made in the same way as the basement level, just as the technology for assembling the walls of the second or attic level repeats the installation operations for the walls of the first floor.
Installation of the roof begins with securing the load-bearing elements, mauerlats, purlins and ridge, resting on the load-bearing walls (in the case of a frameless assembly method) or on the racks of the structure. The purlins are fixed at the point of contact with the base with two 8x280 mm self-tapping screws.
Next is installed rafter system. Each rafter at the point of contact with the purlins is fixed with 8x280 mm self-tapping screws. Installation of rafters begins from one of the gables. If the roof has a complex multi-slope structure, then installation begins with the valleys. Below is a structural diagram of the placement of load-bearing elements of the roofing system.
Important! The rafter system of a house is a particularly important structure, so it is better to involve experienced assistants in its construction.
Assembling a house from SIP panels with my own hands quite accessible, even to home craftsmen who do not have much experience in the construction of such structures. As a last resort, you can purchase ready set(designer), from a wide range offered by specialized companies. Carefully adjusted elements of such a constructor, as well as detailed instructions for assembling a house from SIP panels, make its use more preferable if you plan to do some or all of the work yourself.
- not only a material with very high heat retention rates, durable, strong, but also a high-quality, convenient building structure, which allows you to literally complete the construction of a structure within a few days on a prepared foundation. At the same time, the assembly of houses can be carried out without the use of special equipment, manually, with the help of just a few people.
To build houses from SIP panels, a foundation must be equipped. Since the design is quite lightweight, the following are most often used:
The latter option is the most profitable, since it is ideal for building houses on any soil and guarantees the absence of problems with soil heaving when freezing. A pile foundation is created very quickly using special equipment, but can also be installed manually.
We will assume that the assembly of houses from SIP panels is carried out according to a pre-developed construction project, supplied with instructions. The structures are supplied ready-made, required sizes, with door and window openings. This is the most common option chosen by thrifty owners. In this case, there are no time delays, the pairing of SIP wall elements with each other is guaranteed.
If the owner of the future house made of SIP panels prefers to act completely independently, the necessary elements are prepared according to the project documentation. “Live” assembly, when after installing one element the preparation of the next one just begins, practically does not occur.
The beginning of the construction of houses from SIP constructs is the assembly of the base located on the foundation. Usually it is a structure made of timber. Assembly is carried out in several stages:
We will assume that the construction technology involves assembling the floor of the first floor from SIP panels. This not only speeds up the work, but also avoids waste of timber. This approach has its drawbacks, but is used quite often.
Instructions for assembling the first floor floor from SIP panels are as follows:
All connections are foamed during assembly. The panels are connected to each other with self-tapping screws, the lower surface of the floor of houses made of SIP structures is waterproofed using bitumen mastic. If intermediate boards or timber were used, they are also attached with self-tapping screws to the strapping board. It’s very simple; in practice, all the work is done in a few hours.
The main thing where the instructions for installing SIP panels on the first floor of houses begins is the installation of a guide, a 100 mm beam. It is screwed to the foundation, with anchor bolts, directly through the floor structures where the walls will be placed.
This work must be carried out with the utmost care to ensure that even with errors in cutting wall elements, the general direction of the SIP panels will be respected. The correct installation of the timber is checked according to the instructions for the project and using templates.
Assembly is carried out in the following order:
The technology for assembling the first floor from SIP panels is also simple. More control and care will be required, but the work is not difficult. When connecting SIP elements of a house wall at indirect angles, either the instructions for the project or the laid guide beam will help determine the direction and actual dimensions of each structure.
The assembly of the first floor is completed by foaming the perimeter along the top and installing the trim board panels into the technological groove. It gives additional strength to the entire structure of SIP elements and will work as a place for attaching the upper structures.
The technology for assembling the second floor is no different from the first. The floor is laid, and the SIP structures are attached with long self-tapping screws to the strapping board located at the end of the walls of the first floor. If you follow these instructions, the ceiling will work as a means of ensuring the strength of the entire structure, connecting all the walls together.
If the roof is assembled from SIP panels, it will not need rafters and other structural elements, which are designed to provide strength. In practice, a support beam is laid - a mauerlat, located along the perimeter of the future roof. It is screwed to the top floor trim board.
The installation technology also does not involve any special difficulties:
The technology for assembling the roof surface is similar to creating the floor of the first floor. Although SIP panels have sufficient strength, it is recommended to use a connecting board when creating a roof to ensure good rigidity and high resistance to wind gusts.
It was not possible to find anything complicated in the technology of assembling a house from SIP constructs. The technique is simple and requires only accuracy and attentiveness. All connections must be foamed; after assembly, all gaps between SIP panels larger than 3 mm are coated with waterproof polymer glue, which guarantees high performance of the structure.
The assembly of internal partitions from SIP panels of smaller thickness is also not difficult and is carried out according to the instructions for the walls - using a guide beam, controlling the installation at a precise angle, and also carefully foaming all connections. The instructions do not provide for the use of a connecting board between individual SIP elements. The strength of the tongue-and-groove system is more than enough for interior partitions.
Construction from sip panels (SIP) can be considered the fastest that currently exists in this market. It’s quite possible to build a one-story cottage in a week or a week and a half. The technology came to us from Canada. It is also extremely popular now in European countries.
Buildings made from sip panels are very warm and quite reliable. In our conditions, the material is ideal for construction country cottages And country houses. In this regard, many who want to become owners of such temporary or permanent housing are interested in how to build a house from sip panels with their own hands in record time due to technology.
Sip panel is a three-layer building material. The inner part is a thick layer of polystyrene foam, which acts as an insulating and insulating material. On both sides, 2 layers of chipboard OSB are attached to it. It is made from wood chips, multi-directional and glued under pressure.
Expanded polystyrene provides excellent sound and heat insulation. OSB boards and high-quality glue produced using special technology reliably fix insulating material. During construction, sip panels are connected to each other with polyurethane foam, and wooden beams give rigidity to all structural components.
Advantages of this building material:
1. Durability - 100 years or more.
2. Fast construction using the joining method of SIP panels.
3. You can build in any season, since there are no solutions that require special conditions for hardening.
4. Very simple design roofs.
5. Thanks to the small thickness of the panels, the usable area inside the house increases.
6. A building built using this technology is very light and does not shrink.
7. Excellent thermal insulation, allowing you to save energy even during the heating season.
8. Easy installation of doorways.
9. Perfectly smooth and Smooth surface panels allows you to use any finishing without first leveling the walls.
10. Expanded polystyrene and OSB boards do not rot; Rodents do not live in them.
11. The material is absolutely clean and environmentally safe.
12. Construction from it is quite simple and does not require the involvement of heavy construction equipment (cranes, etc.) in the process.
13. Low prices SIP panels make construction with them the most cost-effective option.
Flaws:
1. The panels do not allow water vapor to pass through, so buildings made from them need high-quality ventilation.
2. The material cannot boast of high fire resistance. In this regard, the issue of electrical wiring insulation needs to be given Special attention. It is recommended to install a fire alarm.
3. The material is not resistant to moisture, so the foundation must be made wide enough to protect the structure from dampness.
4. The technology for constructing houses from sip panels does not allow for much diversification of standard projects.
You should always start with design. And although you cannot expect much variety in this matter, it is important to correctly calculate the size of the rooms, the placement of communications, etc. The complete assembly of the building is shown in the video.
A building made of sip panels is very light weight and does not require a powerful foundation. For a one- or two-story house, you can build a strip or pile-screw house. During the construction of the foundation, it is very important to properly waterproof it. To do this, you will need bitumen mastic and 2 layers of roofing material, the sheets of which must be laid overlapping.
Then you can begin laying the subfloor, which we also build from the same SIP panels (video). The photo shows how the floor is attached to the foundation. The panels are connected to each other and immediately fixed using polyurethane sealant and self-tapping screws.
You can see what the assembly of building walls from SIP panels looks like in the video.
It is assembled literally like a large construction set. First, the lower trim is installed. As is the case with many modern building materials, construction from sip panels begins from the corners of the house. Subsequent ones are attached to the corner panels, butt to joint, in both directions, up to the next corners. A wooden beam is laid between the panels, fixed with sealant and self-tapping screws.
To build any building, you must use a building level. IN in this case This is also true, despite the fact that the sip panels are perfectly smooth. Using a level will help prevent walls from deviating from the ideal vertical. The ends of the walls and the upper sections are covered with sealant, after which we begin to make the upper trim.
To create floors between floors, the same sip panels are used. They have sufficient strength for this and can withstand very significant weight (furniture, the residents themselves, etc.). After installing the floors, we continue to build walls - now on the second floor. The ceilings are reinforced with wooden beams.
Door/window openings are made very simply: they can simply be cut using a regular hacksaw. The material lends itself perfectly to processing and requires almost no effort during this process. All this can be done with your own hands.
The technology for constructing a roof on such a building is extremely simple. To build it, we again use the same SIP panels. The slabs are mounted according to the same principle as walls and interfloor ceilings. It is not necessary to use rafters. How the roof and wall panels are connected is shown in diagrams 1 and 2.
Please note that a support column is installed in the center. For this you can use a 50x70 mm beam. All mount roofing elements made using self-tapping screws, sealant and connecting bars. Once the roof is assembled, you can immediately begin the finishing coat. The roof can be covered with almost any material (metal tiles, corrugated sheets, soft tiles, etc.). The choice of material depends on the preferences and financial capabilities of the home owner.
The outside of the building can be lined with plastic lining, siding and any similar material that will protect the walls from moisture. Interior decoration even more simple. Since the walls made of sip panels are absolutely flat, there is no need to install any leveling frame.
The walls inside the building can be covered with wallpaper, plastered, even tiled or mosaiced (bathroom, kitchen, etc.). Almost any floor covering will also work. You can lay laminate, linoleum, floorboards and even parquet on the floor if you so desire. Even including all the finishing touches, the construction of a 3-4-room mansion from sip panels in the worst weather can take a maximum of a month and a half.
The technology is simple and low-cost; the cost of all materials is also minimal. Everything is done simply and very quickly. If you need the most inexpensive country house with excellent heat and sound insulation, construction from sip panels is just the thing. In the next video we posted a review from the owner of such a house. It will help to better understand what such a structure is like.
Building a house from SIP panels with your own hands.
Here we give a summary of tips for building houses from general plan sip panels:
In the vast majority of cases, two types of foundations - on screw piles and shallow strip foundations - can completely solve the problem of reliable support Canadian home in outskirts of Moscow.
If you make a concrete pile foundation (below the freezing depth) for a lightweight Canadian house on heaving soil, it is better using TISE technology (with widening of the lower part of the piles) and with high grillage (with a gap between the grillage and the ground).
This is correct in theory. In practice, in the Moscow region, bored piles are often made under SIP houses without widening, and often the grillage is supported on the ground (low grillage).
Problems do happen, but in most cases, lightweight houses on such foundations stand without problems. The fact is that a powerful reinforced concrete grillage not only prevents uneven subsidence of the piles under the weight of the house, but also compensates for the uneven pushing out of the piles by the lateral forces of frost heaving. In essence, we are dealing with a “floating” foundation of an unreasonably expensive and complex design.
Why are such foundations made? The answer is simple: “Customers love it.”
Clients like a lot of things that are harmful. For example, it is beautiful when the foam protruding from the joints of SIP panels is neatly cut off.
But this cannot be done outside. The exterior decoration of the house has not yet begun polyurethane foam destroyed by ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Pruning only speeds up this process.
The best for a house made of SIP panels pile foundation — screw. The blade of the screw pile performs the same function as the widening of the lower part columnar foundation, made using TISE technology: they reduce the pressure of the loaded pile on the ground and prevent it from being pulled out by the forces of frost heaving of the soil.
Thus, screw pile, working as an anchor, provides a fixed point of support if the piles are screwed below the freezing depth into the load-bearing (!) soil..
Due to the increased rigidity of SIP structures, they are less sensitive to seasonal ground movements. For small country houses, the most inexpensive option is suitable - a foundation on posts.
As a rule, these are small concrete blocks, installed on a sand bedding (necessarily at the corners of the house, the joints of load-bearing walls and several intermediate ones).
Construction using Canadian technology is possible at any time of the year. A great time for construction is winter. Due to rain, construction may take a little longer. Measures must be taken to prevent dirt from entering the construction site.
There may be problems with access to the site. In terms of weather, summer is the most favorable season for DIY construction. But summer has its own difficulties due to the growing excitement in the construction market, with quite understandable consequences.
Important question: What structural elements of a house should be assembled from SIP? External walls are always assembled from SIP panels. The walls turn out surprisingly warm and smooth.
It is also advisable to assemble internal load-bearing walls from SIP panels. The issue of partitions is secondary. Partitions can be assembled from anything even at the final finishing stage. Most often, partitions are assembled from SIP panels with a thickness of 124 mm.
The use of SIP panels for the assembly of zero and attic floors or roofs is justified by their high thermal insulation ability.
SIP flooring does not require a subfloor. Finish floor coverings (laminate, linoleum, carpet, etc.) are laid directly on the SIP floor.
Use SIP for assembly interfloor overlapping is possible, but not entirely advisable due to low impact noise indicators.
Making a complex roof from SIP panels is problematic. It is possible to assemble a roof of any complexity from SIP, but a reasonable question arises - why, if a proven classic rafter system with insulation is simpler?
It is not recommended to use beams made from boards assembled at a construction site for joining SIP panels due to the risk of cracks forming. And if you can find a massive wooden beam of the required cross-section in the markets, it is only raw.
This requires clarification. Concepts dry or raw lumber (timber, boards, etc.) are used only for household level. In fact, all lumber contains moisture. Excessively damp wood has many disadvantages, one of which is shrinkage (change in linear dimensions).
Moisture in wood is present in 2 forms - free (capillary), filling cell cavities and intercellular space (up to 70%), and bound (hygroscopic), located in cell membranes (about 30%).
Removal free removal of moisture (often called plant sap) occurs quite quickly and easily during atmospheric drying. Moreover without change linear dimensions and volume of wood. Only its density decreases. Very often, a board from which a significant part has been removed is called “dry.” free moisture.
The problem is that wood shrinks later, namely through evaporation. related moisture! It is at this stage that the linear dimensions of wooden lumber are significantly reduced.
During forced chamber drying, dry-looking coniferous lumber shrinks up to 12% in the transverse direction to the fibers!
Due to the anisotropic structure of wood, removal related moisture is accompanied by cracking and warping. Therefore, truly dry lumber can be distinguished from raw lumber without a moisture meter. presence of cracks.
To remove most of the bound moisture, forced (chamber) drying is necessary. Therefore dry edged There is no lumber on the markets. All that is sold is a cheese cutter - freshly sawn wood, which must be dried in a chamber.
Kiln-dried lumber is expensive. In addition, after drying to the required moisture content, edged lumber loses its GOST dimensions.
Planing (sizing) eats up a few more millimeters of thickness and width, which ultimately makes such lumber unsuitable for joining SIP panels with polystyrene foam thicknesses of 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm.
Massive timber with a thickness of 100x150 mm and 100x200 mm of chamber drying is almost impossible to find. Solid timber requires particularly mild drying conditions, i.e. special equipment.
Regular drying chambers designed for drying boards up to 50 mm thick for further planing into moldings or for the production of laminated veneer lumber, I-beams, furniture panels, etc.
Today there is no acceptable alternative to massive rectangular beams for joining 174 or 224 mm SIPs in floors and roofs. Wooden I-beams (I-Joist, etc.) with a height of 200 mm are rather weak for this purpose.
A massive rectangular beam of 100x200mm can replace a 300mm I-beam in terms of rigidity and strength, but you can’t fit it into a 224mm SIP panel.
LVL and laminated timber are expensive. For example, the retail price of laminated timber 100x200 mm is 650 rubles. per m.p. (May 2013). This is more than 30 thousand rubles. per m3.
Floors and roofs are places where insulated classic beam (rafter) structures compete with SIP structures in terms of price, manufacturability and other parameters. If technical details You are of little interest, go straight to the next point.
Often, especially in small buildings, the device of zero overlap and SIP roof is the most optimal solution. But for large spans, traditional floors on wooden beams may be better than SIP floors.
It's not just a question of price. We wrote about the problem of connecting beams in floors and roofs above in the previous paragraph. There are other reasons to take into account when making your decision:
SIP panel by its design it is a wall panel and is designed to bear large longitudinal loads. As a ceiling, the SIP panel does not have any special advantages, although it has good bending strength.
The ground floor and interfloor floors of a house must not only withstand certain loads, but also be sufficiently rigid (not bend too much). The floor should not “walk” under your feet. It is easier to assemble a floor of the required rigidity from beams of a suitable cross-section.
SIP floor panels are often made narrower (usually twice as large - 625 mm). Joining the panels on floor beams. This means that the main load-bearing element the ceiling made from SIP panels is still the same wooden beam. The rigidity of a beam is determined not so much by its cross-sectional area as by its height and shape. And 200 mm, which is dictated by the “slab” panel, is good for spans of up to 4 meters.
If the spans are longer than the length of the SIP panel, then the strength of the floor depends on the beams (at the transverse joints of the panels, the entire load falls on the beams)! For this reason, for spans of more than 5 meters, it is better not to make SIP floors - the pitch of 625 mm of beams with a height of 200 mm is too large (according to SNiP, the permissible span for a beam of 200x100 mm with a pitch of 625 mm is less than 5 m).
If floor beams are installed with a pitch of 625 mm, as in a SIP floor, then OSB-3 slabs sewn onto the beams at the top and bottom and without glued polystyrene foam will work like shelves on an I-beam! OSB-3 slabs for covering floor beams, unlike SIP, do not need to be cut into strips 625 mm wide. It will take half as many self-tapping screws for installation (saving effort and time).
The ceiling must have the same thickness everywhere, but the spans it covers are most often different. Beams can be laid out in different directions and at different pitches, thereby optimizing material consumption. Usually the largest spans are above the living room. There it is advisable to make the ceiling stiffer by reducing the pitch of the beams and (or) increasing their cross-sectional area.
When making floors from SIP, this possibility will most often not be available. The overlap will turn out to be weak in some places, and vice versa in others. Cover the spans above the bathroom, hallway, etc. beams 200x100 mm with a pitch of 625 mm - this is luxury.
The photo shows that the main damage to the SIP sheathing occurred in the area of the panel joints. Most probable cause— penetration of steam under the waterproofing substrate of soft tiles from the attic through poor-quality joints of SIP panels. When installing soft roof directly on the SIP surface it is necessary to vapor barrier the joints SIP panels on the premises side. You can use adhesive tape:
This rule should also be followed when exterior decoration walls made of SIP. If something that impedes the escape of steam is mounted directly on the SIP sheathing without a ventilation gap, the joints of the SIP panels on the room side should be well vapor-insulated. As they say in the birthplace of SIP technology, "That's why foam plus tape makes so much sense to us."
For the same reason, it is undesirable to vapor barrier SIP structures of the zero (lower) floor from below from the underground side. This is often done with bitumen mastics because “customers like it.” This does not increase the service life of the ceiling. It is necessary to take care of good ventilation of the underground by installing a sufficient number of vents in the basement!
If the ventilation of the underground is poor, bitumen mastic will hide from view problems with OSB-3 sheathing that may occur due to constant moisture, which will not allow taking the necessary measures to eliminate the causes in a timely manner. The same thing can happen as with OSB-3 under bitumen roofing in the photo above.
For external protection of enclosing structures from moisture, special vapor-permeable membranes (wind protection) are used, which protect the structure from precipitation and wind, but do not prevent steam from escaping from the structure to the outside.
It doesn't have to be film. Many Decoration Materials can perform the function of vapor barrier of the building envelope.
For example, a 12 mm thick OSB-3 board prevents the diffusion of water vapor as a vapor barrier (Sd > 2 m according to DIN 52615), so SIP panels do not need a vapor barrier.
Other examples are elastic plaster, laminate on a synthetic backing, etc. Linoleum will protect the lower floor from both steam and moisture.
The basic rule for constructing multilayer enclosing structures is that the vapor permeability of the wall should increase from inner surface(warm room) to the outside (street). If you do the opposite, give steam from warm light indoors entrance and make it difficult to exit, then it will remain in the enclosing structure, wetting and destroying the building material.
If subsequently, at some point in the joints of SIP panels, a space unfilled with foam is discovered, there is no need to panic. The defect can be easily eliminated at any time. It is enough to make a small hole in the SIP panel sheathing and fill the voids with polyurethane foam.
If the exterior decoration of the house is postponed, it is better to hide the external walls of the SIP house from the effects of ultraviolet radiation and slanting rains. Unprotected from sunlight polyurethane foam quickly breaks down, wood dries out and cracks (especially on sunny side). Because of this, during heavy slanting rain, moisture can penetrate into structures.
To prevent this from happening, you need to seal the resulting gaps with mounting material. Increased attention should be paid to protecting the joints of walls and ceilings from rain. The simplest and most inexpensive way is to sheathe the outside of the walls with a membrane (wind protection) that does not allow moisture to enter the walls, but allows steam to escape outside.
A few notes on the operation of a “freshly built” SIP house. By various reasons the design of the house may contain excess moisture. Most often it is bad weather. It is rarely possible to assemble a house without rain.
Excess moisture from the structure enters the air, so initial stages operation of the house is possible high humidity indoor air. During this period, increased attention to ventilation of the house is necessary.
Insufficient ventilation can lead to problems, since humidity and heat are a fertile environment for blackness and even mold to appear on the surface of wood. Ventilation and treatment of problem areas protective composition effectively eliminates adverse consequences. But it is better not to allow them.
You need to be especially careful during the cold season. Despite the cold, at first the windows in all rooms should be kept slightly open. Turning on the heating in a clogged room can cause the air humidity to rise so that the dew point is on the surface of the walls.
Unfavorable conditions for wooden structures may occur when heating only parts of the rooms. Water vapor from warm rooms enters cold rooms and condenses on the walls there. Dampness forms with all the ensuing consequences.
Canadian construction technology is one of the most in demand today. Along with it, the so-called SIP technology, which is based on the assembly of a house based on panels, is popular. It is noteworthy that today it is not at all difficult to assemble SIP panels with your own hands. The main thing is to follow the technology.
It is worth remembering that simply knowing how to cut and join panels to build a house will not be enough. Firstly, the material must be durable. Secondly, reliable. Thirdly, close attention must be paid to compliance with construction technology. Well, the most important thing is that before making SIP panels with your own hands, make sure you understand the basic requirements for building housing based on wooden frame. This will save not only money, but also nerves.
So if you want to build energy efficient house, SIP panels are perfect for this. Firstly, they are light in weight, which means that the assembly can be easily handled by two people. Secondly, the construction itself from SIP panels is simple, provided that technological features process. This means that there will be no particular difficulties in the construction of a residential building. At the same time, the walls turn out to be durable, and if you additionally finish them with plasterboard, you can forget about the noise from outside. It is important to make the number of joints as small as possible; accordingly, you need to think about this first and only then about the amount of waste.
Before you make SIP panels with your own hands, you need to have an idea of what it is. SIP in English sounds like Structural insulated panel, which means “three-layer panel.” To create the outer layer, a durable sheet of material is used, for example OSB, fiberboard, a wooden board, a magnesite plate with a thickness of either 9 mm or 12. Insulation is located in the middle - most often it is polystyrene foam, mineral wool or polyurethane foam. The thickness can be very different - it depends on the wishes of the customer. The outer layer is securely glued to the middle one. Thus, a new composite material is obtained, characterized by high strength.
You can create future load-bearing structures for the house in the garage, so as not to rent for this special room. Of course, there are a large number of people who will say that the production of SIP - DIY panels are almost impossible under such conditions. However, it is noteworthy that the technology itself originated precisely in garage conditions. So it’s not entirely true to talk about the complexity of the process.
So, to make SIP panels with our own hands, we first need a large table on which oriented strand board (OSB) can easily fit. We lay a sheet of OSB on it, which should be even, and apply glue to it. This can be done using a spray gun, a rubber spatula with teeth, or other homemade devices. Adhesives for panels, by the way, are made in a wide variety today, so there is plenty to choose from. For one SIP panel we will need approximately 2 kg of this substance, it all depends on how the composition will be applied.
After applying the glue to the surface of the drywall, we lay a sheet of expanded polystyrene (foam) of the best quality possible. We again apply glue to it, on which we now place a sheet of OSB on top. The main thing in this generally easy process is precision and accuracy in the design of the edges.
Glue SIP - Panels with your own hands need to be done quickly before the glue dries. According to the above diagram, you need to lay out about five panels, and then press them tightly. This can be done using a press or vacuum pressing, which you can do yourself. So, the simplest option is to use an awning to create a vacuum. You need to pump out the air from under it vacuum pump. It will take about an hour for the glue to dry, and the panels are ready for further use. In general, in 8 hours of work you can create about thirty products with your own hands.
IN Lately this material is being used in the construction of houses more and more often. The advantages of building housing based on SIP panels include the following:
SIP assembly - panels are simple and efficient;
The construction process can be carried out at any time of the year and at any temperature;
The walls will be thin, and therefore there will be more usable space;
Walls based on SIP panels are characterized by excellent thermal insulation;
Houses made from such material will not shrink, so you can begin exterior finishing almost immediately after construction is completed.
On the other hand, this material also has disadvantages. Firstly, it is fragility; at most, your house will last up to 30 years. Secondly, the strength indicators are not very high. Thirdly, the composition of OSB - the basis of the SIP panel - includes resins and other additives that are not environmentally friendly.
As already mentioned, this material is easy to use because it can be cut. For example, if a modular structure needs to be given a certain shape, you can use an electric hand saw for this. With its help, it is easy to cut the element as needed according to the drawing.
SIP panels are fastened using lumber, which is first subjected to antiseptic treatment. Self-tapping screws are also used, which are fastened according to the tongue-and-groove principle. This device ensures that the connection is airtight, and the voids that may form between the materials can be filled with foam.
Many experts advise installing SIP panels not only on walls, but also on internal partitions and even roofing. For example, if based on this material one collects zero or greater thermal insulation can be achieved. SIP panels can also be used for flooring. In this case, the flooring material can be laid directly on this rough covering.
It is worth remembering that for assembling walls it is best to use material 50 mm thick, but as a connecting beam for floors and roofs it is better to choose a more reliable one - panels up to 100 mm.
As you can see, making SIP panels with your own hands and further installation of housing is not difficult. As a rule, when self-construction building requires the lightest construction, for example, for a small country house. This means that most jobs can be completed with the help of two or three people.
As a rule, such houses are built on one floor, and instead of the second, an attic is erected. This solution is not only good in decorative terms, but will also improve thermal insulation characteristics future housing. It is quite possible to build a roof based on SIP panels, however, it is best to choose the simplest structures with one or two slopes. But more complex ones roofing systems It's best to leave it to professionals. We should not forget that wood is a material subject to many influences. Accordingly, care must be taken to process it as best as possible. This way you can extend the life of a future residential property.
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