Communication is carried out through different means. Highlight verbal and non-verbal means communication.
Verbal communication(sign) is carried out using words. Verbal means of communication include human speech. Communication experts estimate that modern man speaks approximately 30 thousand words per day, or more than 3 thousand words per hour.
Depending on the intentions of the communicants (to communicate something, to find out, to express an assessment, an attitude, to encourage something, to come to an agreement, etc.), various speech texts arise. In any text (written or oral) a language system is implemented.
So, language is a system of signs and methods of connecting them, which serves as a tool for expressing thoughts, feelings and expressions of people’s will and is the most important means of human communication. The language is used in a wide variety of functions:
- Communicative. Language acts as the main means of communication. Thanks to the presence of such a function in language, people have the opportunity to fully communicate with their own kind.
- Educational. Language as an expression of the activity of consciousness. We receive most of the information about the world through language.
- Rechargeable. Language as a means of accumulating and storing knowledge. A person tries to retain the acquired experience and knowledge in order to use them in the future. In everyday life, notes, diaries, and notebooks help us out. A " notebooks» of all humanity are various kinds of monuments of writing and fiction, which would have been impossible without the existence of a written language.
- Constructive. Language as a means of forming thoughts. With the help of language, a thought “materializes” and takes on a sound form. Expressed verbally, a thought becomes distinct and clear to the speaker himself.
- Emotional. Language as one of the means of expressing feelings and emotions. This function is realized in speech only when a person’s emotional attitude to what he is talking about is directly expressed. Intonation plays a big role in this.
- Contact making. Language as a means of establishing contact between people. Sometimes communication seems to be aimless, its information content is zero, the ground is only being prepared for further fruitful, trusting communication.
- Ethnic. Language as a means of uniting the people.
Speech activity refers to a situation where a person uses language to communicate with other people. There are several types of speech activity:
- speaking - using language to communicate something;
- - perception of the content of spoken speech;
- writing - recording the content of speech on paper;
- reading - perception of information recorded on paper.
From the point of view of the form of existence of language, communication is divided into oral and written, and from the point of view of the number of participants - into interpersonal and mass.
Any national is heterogeneous; it exists in different forms. From the point of view of social and cultural status, literary and non-literary forms of language are distinguished.
The literary form of a language, otherwise known as a literary language, is understood by speakers as exemplary. Main feature literary language- presence of stable norms.
Literary language has two forms: oral and written. The first is spoken speech, and the second is graphically designed. The oral form is original. Non-literary forms of language include territorial and social dialects, and vernacular.
For and behavior special importance represent nonverbal means of communication. In non-verbal communication, the means of transmitting information are non-verbal signs (postures, gestures, facial expressions, intonation, glances, spatial location, etc.).
To the main nonverbal means of communication relate:
Kinesthetics - considers external manifestations human feelings and emotions in the process of communication. These include:
- gesture;
- facial expressions;
- pantomime.
Gesture. Gestures are various movements of the hands and head. Sign language is the most ancient way of achieving mutual understanding. In various historical eras and at different nations They had their own generally accepted ways of gesturing. At present, attempts are even being made to create dictionaries of gestures. Quite a lot is known about the information that gestures convey. First of all, the amount of gestures is important. Different peoples have developed and entered into natural forms expressions of feelings different cultural norms of strength and frequency of gestures. Research by M. Argyll, which studied the frequency and strength of gestures in different cultures, showed that within one hour, Finns gestured 1 time, the French - 20, Italians - 80, Mexicans - 180.
The intensity of gesticulation can increase with the increase in a person’s emotional arousal, as well as with the desire to achieve a more complete understanding between partners, especially if it is difficult.
The specific meaning of individual gestures varies across cultures. However, all cultures have similar gestures, among which are:
Communicative (gestures of greeting, farewell, attracting attention, prohibitions, affirmative, negative, interrogative, etc.)
Modal, i.e. expressing assessment and attitude (gestures of approval, satisfaction, trust and mistrust, etc.).
Descriptive gestures that make sense only in the context of a speech utterance.
Facial expressions. Facial expressions are movements of the facial muscles, the main indicator of feelings. Studies have shown that when the interlocutor's face is motionless or invisible, up to 10-15% of information is lost. There are more than 20,000 descriptions of facial expressions in the literature. The main characteristic facial expressions are its integrity and dynamism. This means that in the facial expression of the six basic emotional states (anger, joy, fear, sadness, surprise, disgust), all movements of the facial muscles are coordinated. The main informative load in facial expressions is carried by eyebrows and lips.
Visual contact is also exceptional important element communication. Looking at the speaker not only shows interest, but also helps us focus on what we are being told. Communicating people usually look into each other's eyes for no more than 10 seconds. If we are looked at a little, we have reason to believe that we are treated poorly or what we say, and if we are looked at too much, it can be perceived as a challenge or a good attitude towards us. In addition, it has been observed that when a person lies or tries to hide information, his eyes meet his partner's eyes for less than 1/3 of the conversation.
Partly, the length of a person’s gaze depends on what nation he belongs to. Residents southern Europe have a high gaze frequency, which can be offensive to others, and Japanese people look at the neck rather than the face when speaking.
According to its specifics, the view can be:
- Business - when the gaze is fixed in the area of the interlocutor’s forehead, this implies the creation of a serious atmosphere of business partnership
- Social - the gaze is concentrated in the triangle between the eyes and mouth, this helps create an atmosphere of relaxed social communication.
- Intimate - the gaze is not directed into the eyes of the interlocutor, but below the face - to chest level. This look indicates a great interest in each other’s communication.
- A sideways glance is used to convey interest or hostility. If accompanied by slightly raised eyebrows or a smile, it indicates interest. If it is accompanied by a frowning forehead or drooping corners of the mouth, this indicates a critical or suspicious attitude towards the interlocutor.
Pantomime is gait, posture, posture, general motor skills of the whole body.
Gait is the style of movement of a person. Its components are: rhythm, step dynamics, amplitude of body transfer during movement, body weight. By a person’s gait one can judge a person’s well-being, his character, and age. In psychologists' studies, people recognized emotions such as anger, suffering, pride, and happiness by their gait. It turned out that a “heavy” gait is characteristic of people who are angry, and a “light” gait is characteristic of joyful ones. A proud person has the longest step length, and if a person suffers, his gait is sluggish, depressed, such a person rarely looks up or in the direction where he is going.
In addition, it can be argued that people who walk quickly and swing their arms are confident, have a clear goal and are ready to realize it. Those who always keep their hands in their pockets are likely to be very critical and secretive, as a rule, they like to suppress other people. A person with his hands on his hips strives to achieve his goals in the shortest way in the least amount of time.
Posture is the position of the body. Human body capable of taking about 1000 stable different positions. The pose shows how this person perceives his status in relation to the status of other persons present. Individuals with higher status adopt a more relaxed posture. Otherwise, conflict situations may arise.
Psychologist A. Sheflen was one of the first to point out the role of human posture as a means of nonverbal communication. In further research conducted by V. Schubz, it was revealed that the main semantic content of the pose consists in the individual’s placement of his body in relation to the interlocutor. This placement indicates either closedness or a willingness to communicate.
A pose in which a person crosses his arms and legs is called closed. Arms crossed on the chest are a modified version of the barrier that a person puts between himself and his interlocutor. A closed posture is perceived as a posture of distrust, disagreement, opposition, criticism. Moreover, approximately a third of the information perceived from such a position is not assimilated by the interlocutor. Most in a simple way The way out of this position is to offer to hold or look at something.
An open pose is considered to be one in which the arms and legs are not crossed, the body is directed towards the interlocutor, and the palms and feet are turned towards the communication partner. This is a posture of trust, agreement, goodwill, and psychological comfort.
If a person is interested in communication, he will focus on the interlocutor and lean towards him, and if he is not very interested, on the contrary, he will focus to the side and lean back. A person who wants to make a statement will stand straight, tense, with his shoulders turned; a person who does not need to emphasize his status and position will be relaxed, calm, and in a free, relaxed position.
The best way to achieve mutual understanding with your interlocutor is to copy his posture and gestures.
Takeshika - the role of touch in the process of nonverbal communication. Handshakes, kisses, stroking, pushing, etc. stand out here. Dynamic touch has been proven to be a biologically necessary form of stimulation. A person’s use of dynamic touches in communication is determined by many factors: the status of partners, their age, gender, and degree of acquaintance.
Inappropriate use of tactical means by a person can lead to conflicts in communication. For example, a pat on the shoulder is possible only under the condition of close relationships and equal social status in society.
Shaking hands is a multi-talk gesture known since ancient times. Primitive people, when meeting, extended their hands to each other with open palms forward to show their lack of weapons. This gesture has undergone changes over time, and its variants have appeared, such as waving the hand in the air, placing the palm on the chest and many others, including a handshake. Often a handshake can be very informative, especially its intensity and duration.
Handshakes are divided into 3 types:
- dominant (hand on top, palm turned down);
- submissive (hand from below, palm turned upward);
- equal.
The dominant handshake is the most aggressive form of it. With a dominant (powerful) handshake, a person communicates to another that he wants to dominate the communication process.
A submissive handshake is necessary in situations where a person wants to give the initiative to another, to allow him to feel like he is the master of the situation.
A gesture called the “glove” is often used: a person clasps the hand of another with both hands. The initiator of this gesture emphasizes that he is honest and can be trusted. However, the “glove” gesture should be applied to people you know well, because at first acquaintance it can have the opposite effect.
A firm handshake, even to the point of cracking your fingers, is distinctive feature aggressive, tough person.
A sign of aggressiveness is also shaking with an unbent, straight hand. Its main purpose is to maintain distance and prevent a person from entering your intimate area. Shaking the fingertips serves the same purpose, but such a handshake indicates that the person is not confident in himself.
Proxemics - determines the zones of the most effective communication. E. Hall identifies four main areas of communication:
- Intimate zone (15-45 cm) - a person allows only people close to him to enter it. In this zone, a quiet, confidential conversation is conducted, and tactile contacts are made. Violation of this zone by outsiders causes physiological changes in the body: increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, rush of blood to the head, adrenaline rush, etc. The invasion of an “alien” into this zone is regarded as a threat.
- Personal (personal) zone (45 - 120 cm) - a zone of everyday communication with friends and colleagues. Only visual contact is allowed.
- Social zone (120 - 400 cm) - an area for holding official meetings and conducting negotiations, conferences, and administrative conversations.
- Public zone (more than 400 cm) - an area of communication with large groups of people during lectures, rallies, public speaking etc..
In communication, it is also important to pay attention to voice characteristics related to non- verbal communication. Prosody is the general name for such rhythmic and intonation aspects of speech as pitch, volume of the voice, and its timbre.
Extralinguistics is the inclusion of pauses and various non-morphological human phenomena in speech: crying, coughing, laughter, sighing, etc.
The flow of speech is regulated by prosodic and extralingual means, saving language means communication, they complement, replace and anticipate speech utterances, express emotional states.
You need to be able not only to listen, but also to hear the intonation structure of speech, evaluate the strength and tone of the voice, the speed of speech, which practically allow us to express our feelings and thoughts.
Although nature has endowed people with a unique voice, they themselves give it color. Those who tend to change the pitch of their voice sharply tend to be more cheerful. More sociable, more confident, more competent and much nicer than people who speak in a monotone.
What the speaker experiences is reflected primarily in the tone of voice. In it, feelings find their expression regardless of the words spoken. Thus, anger and sadness are usually easily recognized.
The strength and pitch of the voice provides a lot of information. Some feelings, such as enthusiasm, joy and distrust, are usually conveyed in a high-pitched voice; anger and fear are also conveyed in a rather high-pitched voice, but in a more wide range tonality, strength and pitch of sounds. Feelings such as grief, sadness, and fatigue are usually conveyed in a soft and muffled voice with a decrease in intonation towards the end of each phrase.
Speed of speech also reflects feelings. A person speaks quickly if he is excited, worried, talks about his personal difficulties, or wants to convince or persuade us of something. Slow speech most often indicates depression, grief, arrogance or fatigue.
By making minor mistakes in speech, for example, repeating words, choosing them uncertainly or incorrectly, breaking off phrases mid-sentence, people involuntarily express their feelings and reveal their intentions. Uncertainty in word choice occurs when the speaker is unsure of himself or is about to surprise us. Typically, speech impediments are more pronounced when nervous or when a person is trying to deceive his interlocutor.
Since the characteristics of the voice depend on the work of various organs of the body, their condition is also reflected in it. Emotions change the rhythm of breathing. Fear, for example, paralyzes the larynx, the vocal cords become tense, and the voice “sits down.” At good location the spirit's voice becomes deeper and richer in shades. It has a calming effect on others and inspires more confidence.
There is also a reverse connection: with the help of breathing you can influence emotions. To do this, it is recommended to sigh noisily, opening your mouth wide. If you breathe deeply and inhale a large number of air, the mood improves, and the voice involuntarily decreases.
It is important that in the process of communication a person trusts the signs of non-verbal communication more than verbal ones. According to experts, facial expressions carry up to 70% of information. When expressing our emotional reactions, we are usually more truthful than in the process of verbal communication.
COMMUNICATION(English) communication,intercourse,interpersonal relationship) - interaction of 2 or more people, consisting in the exchange of information between them of a cognitive and/or affective-evaluative nature.
Verbal communication— uses human speech, natural sound language, as a sign system, that is, a system of phonetic signs that includes two principles: lexical and syntactic. Speech is the most universal means of communication, since when transmitting information through speech, the meaning of the message is least lost.
The system of phonetic signs of a language is built on the basis of vocabulary and syntax. Vocabulary is a collection of words that make up a language. Syntax- these are the means and rules for creating speech units characteristic of specific languages. Speech is the most universal means of communication, since when transmitting information, the meaning of the message is lost to the least extent compared to other means of transmitting information. Speech, therefore, is language in action, a form of generalized reflection of reality, a form of existence of thinking. Indeed, in thinking, speech manifests itself in the form of internal pronunciation of words to oneself. Thinking and speech are inseparable from each other. The transmission of information through speech occurs according to the following scheme: the communicator (speaker) selects the words necessary to express a thought; connects them according to the rules of grammar, using the principles of vocabulary and syntax; pronounces these words thanks to the articulation of the speech organs. The recipient (listener) perceives speech, decodes speech units for the correct understanding of the thought expressed in it. But this happens when the communicating people use a national language that is understandable to both, developed in the process of verbal communication over many generations of people.
Speech performs two main functions – significative and communicative.
Thanks to significative function for a person (unlike an animal) it becomes possible to voluntarily evoke images of objects and perceive the semantic content of speech. Thanks to the communicative function, speech becomes a means of communication, a means of transmitting information.
The word makes it possible to analyze objects, things, to highlight their essential and secondary features. By mastering the word, a person automatically masters complex systems of connections and relationships between objects and phenomena of the objective world. The ability to analyze objects and phenomena of the objective world, to identify the essential, the main and the secondary in them, to classify these objects and phenomena into certain categories (i.e., to classify them) is an indispensable condition when determining the meaning of a word. A dictionary compiled on this basis, covering terms and concepts of any special field activity is called thesaurus.
Communicative function of speech manifests itself in means of expression And means of influence. Speech is not limited to just the totality of transmitted messages; it simultaneously expresses both a person’s attitude towards what he is talking about and his attitude towards the person with whom he is communicating. Thus, in the speech of each individual, emotional and expressive components (rhythm, pause, intonation, voice modulation, etc.) are manifested to one degree or another. Expressive components are also present in written speech (in the text of a letter this is manifested in the sweep of handwriting and the force of pressure, the angle of its inclination, the direction of the lines, the shape of capital letters, etc.). The word as a means of influence and its emotional and expressive components are inseparable, acting simultaneously, to a certain extent influencing the behavior of the recipient.
Distinguish between external and internal speech. External speech divided by oral And written. Oral speech, in turn, – on dialogical And monologue. In preparation for oral speech and especially in writing, the individual “pronounces” the speech to himself. That's what it is inner speech. In written speech, the conditions of communication are mediated by text. Written speech May be direct(for example, exchanging notes at a meeting, lecture) or delayed(exchange of letters).
A unique form of verbal communication includes fingerprint. This is a manual alphabet that serves to replace oral speech when deaf and blind people communicate with each other and with persons familiar with dactylology. Dactyl marks replace letters (similar to printed letters).
The accuracy of the listener's understanding of the meaning of the speaker's utterance depends on the feedback. Such feedback is established when the communicator and the recipient alternate places. The recipient, by his statement, makes it clear how he understood the meaning of the received information. Thus, dialogue speech represents a kind of consistent change in the communicative roles of those communicating, during which the meaning of the speech message is revealed. Monologue same speech continues long enough without being interrupted by remarks from others. It requires preliminary preparation. This is usually a detailed, preparatory speech (for example, a report, lecture, etc.).
Constant and effective exchange of information is the key to any organization or company achieving its goals. The importance of verbal communication, for example in management, cannot be overestimated. However, here, as shown above, it is necessary to pursue the goal of ensuring a correct understanding of the transmitted information or semantic messages. The ability to accurately express one’s thoughts and the ability to listen are components of the communicative side of communication. Inept expression of thoughts leads to incorrect interpretation of what was said. Inept listening distorts the meaning of the information being conveyed. Below is a methodology for two main ways of listening: non-reflective and reflective.
Language is realized in speech and through it through utterances it performs its communicative function. The main functions of language in the communication process include: communicative (information exchange function); constructive (formulation of thoughts); appellative (impact on the addressee); emotive (immediate emotional reaction to the situation); phatic (exchange of ritual (etiquette) formulas); metalinguistic (interpretation function. Used when necessary to check whether interlocutors use the same code).
By observing nonverbal means of communication, we are able to glean a huge amount of information about our partner. However, the information received may not be entirely reliable, since, firstly, there is a possibility that we may not have fully correctly interpreted the received signals, and secondly, our interlocutor may be trying to hide the truth by deliberately using his knowledge of non-verbal signals. That is why, to complete the information, it is necessary to analyze both non-verbal and verbal means of communication.
Verbal (or speech) communication- this is “the process of establishing and maintaining purposeful, direct or indirect, contact between people using language” (Kunitsyna V.N., 2001, p. 46).
According to the authors of the book “Interpersonal Communication” (ibid.), talking people may have verbal flexibility in varying degrees. Thus, some of them pay minimal attention to the choice of speech means, talking at different times with different people, in different circumstances, mainly in the same style. Others, trying to maintain their stylistic appearance, are able to perform different speech roles, using a different style speech repertoire in a variety of situations. However, apart from individual characteristics participants in verbal communication to choose a style speech behavior social context also influences. The role situation dictates the need to turn to poetic, then to official, then to scientific or everyday speech.
Thus, holding a scientific conference for parents requires the teacher to be able to operate with strict scientific terms (which, nevertheless, must be deciphered in speech in order to eliminate misunderstandings among the insufficiently prepared part of the audience and thereby prevent aggressive attacks or “self-elimination” of listeners that are possible in such cases).
In cases of conflict with parents, it is better to adhere to a formal manner of communication. The authors of the monograph mentioned above provide the following principles for constructing speech communication.
Principle of cooperation(“requiring interlocutors to act in a manner that is consistent with the accepted purpose and direction of the conversation” - suggests that verbal communication should:
The principle of politeness, which implies the expression in speech:
Pedagogical practice shows that incorrectly constructed verbal message can lead to both misunderstanding between partners and open conflict. That is why most of the literature devoted to the problems of constructive behavior in conflict is aimed at optimizing verbal communication (Grishina N.V., 2002). Verbal communication can be disorganizing and is a channel for seeking relationships.
What primarily distinguishes us from others biological species? Moves social and personal progress? Allows us to explore the world more broadly, making us who we are - creatures with developed intellect and thinking?
Of course, this is communication - the exchange of information and interactions between two or more individuals.
Communication is divided into two groups: verbal and non-verbal. And also - for individual and mass. The interaction of verbal and nonverbal means of transmitting information helps to diversify the conversation and give it the desired character. Both of these forms are equally important in live communication.
This group includes the transmission of information using words - speech. There are two types of speech interactions:
Oral conversation:
Written conversation:
Speech is possible thanks to the main tool of communication – language. Language is a system of signs and symbols, different combinations of which convey information about a specific object/phenomenon. Using language requires thinking and intelligence.
The peculiarities of the language are that it is diverse and multifaceted. So, there are non-literary and literary forms and types of it, used by people depending on the specific life situation.
Mastery of verbal communication skills is the key to successful interpersonal communications. It is necessary to develop not only intelligence, correctness and literacy of speech, reading classical literature and studying native and foreign languages. It is important to be able to speak in the sense in which psychology teaches it - to learn to listen to your interlocutor, to remove barriers and fear of contacting other people, to express understanding and sympathy. A person who skillfully uses verbal communication skills will easily find mutual language with any personality, even the most difficult one.
The nonverbal form of communication is also called “body language” or “gesture language.” It includes all the information that we convey to the interlocutor or interlocutors without speech, as well as interactions with them that carry a certain emotional connotation. For example, a handshake (expresses friendliness and willingness to cooperate), a kiss (love), a pat on the shoulder (a familiar friendly gesture), etc.
Nonverbal communication occurs only in face-to-face conversations. Conversation in in social networks through personal messages is deprived of this communicative component.
Psychology pays special attention to this form of communication - it says more about a person than verbal communication can tell.
Non-verbal means are very important for pedagogical communication. They help the teacher attract and hold the attention of students and develop his teaching style. With the active and appropriate use of gestures and facial expressions in the process of pedagogical communication, students better assimilate the material and use thinking, they become more open and make contact more easily.
A heavy gait is typical for people who are overwhelmed by anger or other negative emotions, while a light, airy gait indicates a person’s cloudless mood.
This is how the interaction of verbal and non-verbal means of transmitting information is manifested.
People watch their speech and what they communicate to their interlocutors. It is much more difficult to constantly control facial expressions, gestures, and gait. Not all of us can do this. However, it helps to understand a person's true feelings and motivations, which is used in psychology.
Psychology tells us that in communication it is important to maintain the correct balance between verbal and nonverbal communication. The audience is unlikely to be imbued with a monotonous, unemotional reading of a report or presentation without paying due attention to the speaker. But there is no need to go to extremes: there are people whose thoughts and emotions outstrip the capabilities of the speech apparatus. They gesticulate wildly, swallow their words, making the interlocutor tired of such expressiveness.
In addition, it is worth considering the situation in which this or that form of communication is appropriate, as well as the characteristics and intelligence of the interlocutor.
We tend to communicate with each other. Conversation is a process of exchanging opinions that arouse each other's interest. It is impossible to imagine our life without it. There are verbal and non-verbal means of communication. In this article we will take a closer look at the first type.
If nonverbal communication is carried out through facial expressions and gestures, then with verbal communication it is much easier. With it, a person uses only words to exchange information with his interlocutor. So, verbal communication in a broad sense is the process of exchanging information between people, carried out by verbal means.
People understand the meaning of verbal communication as opposed to non-verbal communication. After all, there is nothing complicated here. A person makes sounds from which words are made. If these words are related to each other in meaning, and the interlocutor understands the thought of his friend and answers him in the same way, then this is communication in a verbal way. There is nothing complicated here, is there?
Let's take a closer look at verbal and nonverbal communication, or rather, one of the myths that says that nonverbal contains much more information than verbal. There is some truth in this, but more often than not it is not so. There are times when people don't talk to each other. However, they show dissatisfaction or something else to their interlocutor with the help of a simple gesture or facial expression.
In this case, this myth is justified. But for the most part, people communicate through conversation. As examples, a boss assigns a task to his subordinate or junior manager. In this case, you should not pay attention to his gestures or facial expressions. Here you need to grasp words; they are important sources of information. Such communication does not constitute an expression of one’s own feelings, nor does it constitute affiliative communication. So we looked at verbal and non-verbal means of communication.
Verbal types of communication imply compliance with certain rules. Bring clarity to the conversation. It is necessary for the interlocutor to understand you as best as possible, what you told him and what you want. But this doesn't always work out. Many people cannot immediately clearly formulate a sentence that contains the main idea. Such verbal communication is unpleasant for the interlocutor.
He, in turn, stops perceiving this information, begins to get distracted and “ignore” what was said. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly improve the quality of verbal communication. We need to strive for the perfect conversation. Here are some tips to help you become a good conversationalist:
Let's return to communicating verbally. So, verbal means of communication include speech and voice. We write a speech on a piece of paper, and sometimes we speak it out loud to a friend, we can read it in a magazine without voicing it, or we can simply think about tomorrow and make some kind of plan in our heads. All this is speech.
It turns out that verbal communication is not only a conversation with an interlocutor, but also reading a book, speaking in front of an audience, and even your own thoughts expressed in words.
On modern stage development of communication psychology, we understand that it is not always possible to understand a business person during verbal communication. As examples, relatives came to you from South America or some other country. They can learn Russian and more or less navigate it, but they will not be able to understand some words with diminutive suffixes. For this purpose, experts have created some rules that apply to business verbal communication.
So, in modern Russian there are 5 text styles. These are types such as official business, scientific, colloquial, and so on. All information we convey to our interlocutor relates to one or another style of speech. In a scientific style, speech should be logical and generalized, and in colloquial speech- this is a dialogue between two people, ordinary everyday conversations. Try to speak with your foreign guest in scientific language, without any interjections and diminutives.
In communication between two business people, the verbal form is more often used. This is due to the fact that such people express their main thoughts briefly and clearly, using simple Russian language, and not using any emotions and feelings. In the process of this business conversation it would be ridiculous not to know the rules of the Russian language, to allow speech and stylistic errors. This is not the level where this is allowed. However, there are other problems that are called communication barriers:
Verbal communication, like nonverbal communication, has its own characteristics, which we will talk about now. When talking to a person, pay attention to the distance at which you are from each other. We'll look at some basic communication layers:
Key Feature verbal communication is that it is unique to humans. The condition for such verbal communication is language mastery. Due to this, much more information is transmitted through verbal communication than through non-verbal communication. But it will not be possible to completely eliminate the non-verbal component in everyday life, no matter how much one would like to do so. When talking, some feelings and emotions still appear, and facial expressions change. It is impossible to do without this.
In the process of even short business communication, it is easy to find out what level of intelligence the interlocutor has. This is followed by a determination of his position in society. Through communication, we influence other people in a direct way. Imagine that in most cases, growth up the career ladder, that is, the career growth of a business person, depends on communication. And in this case it is almost impossible to express oneself with gestures or facial expressions. Know how to speak, use verbal rather than verbal methods. We do not pay attention to other types.
Sometimes we meet new people whom we have never encountered in our lives before. And it doesn’t matter whether the meeting is planned or accidental. The first thing we pay attention to is the appearance of a business person. What he looks like, what he’s wearing, what perfume he wears and how he behaves.
The next stage of familiarization is already related to communication. And often at this stage the idea of a person changes. Before this, everything could have been fine, but after hearing his speech, it immediately becomes clear, the desire to continue such communication disappears, and the negative takes place. The main thing is that you yourself do not find yourself in such a situation, in this person’s place. Watch your speech, speak correctly and clearly for others.
Verbal communication is the expression of one’s thoughts through words and speech, the exchange of information. Also, to fully convey information, a person also uses a nonverbal communication system, that is, he “speaks” using gestures and facial expressions.
Communication is a huge part of our lives. Every person wants to convey their thoughts, to be heard and understood correctly. A person uses the second to communicate signaling system, that is, speech. There is an opinion that verbal communication is in many ways inferior to non-verbal communication (transmission of information by gestures, facial expressions, changes in posture). Such a statement can be true in its own way only in affiliative communication between close people or relatives. Indeed, an abundance of gestures and a wealth of intonations are characteristic of a conversation with a person who is spiritually close. In the business sphere, it is important information aspect, that is, what is said, not how.
Communication through speech is quite complex. It comes in the form of dialogue, monologue, discus, etc. It is also important to remember that even within the same language there are many dialects that are not always similar.
Classification of types of verbal communication
One type of verbal communication includes dactylic speech or communication using gestures. Sign language in many countries of the world has the status of a state language, in Russian Federation he has been such since 2013.
Communication using words at this stage of human development is considered the most perfect way to transmit information. That is why the ability to competently and accurately convey your thoughts and considerations is highly valued. For this purpose, there are a lot of exercises with which you can improve and develop communication skills. They often take the form of a game and are carried out in groups.
The importance of nonverbal communication is difficult to overestimate. It arose long before the first word appeared. At the dawn of humanity, humanity communicated with the help of head nods, hand waves, and body turns. We “give out” more than half of the information using non-verbal signs, which help to establish psychological contact with the interlocutor. The most famous of them: facial expressions, gestures, pantomime.
This type of communication is undoubtedly quite informative, but there are several problems in understanding it. Firstly, the transfer of information through gestures and facial expressions occurs at the subconscious level and the “speaker” does not always control this process. Secondly, a subtle understanding of the methods of non-verbal communication allows you to influence the opponent’s subconscious and is one of the methods of manipulation.
Gestures in this type of communication make up the lion's share. We communicate about 60% of information this way. According to their semantic load, they are divided into:
The movements of facial muscles help convey about 15% of information.
Facial expressions are dynamic; there are more than 20 thousand descriptions of facial expressions. The main load lies on the muscles of the forehead and lower part of the face. Gaze also plays a big role in the communication process. It can be business, intimate, social. It all depends on the duration of eye contact and the point of its concentration (forehead, nasolabial triangle, chest). It has been noticed that if a person lies, then eye contact decreases by 1/3.
Body position, gait, posture, that is, pantomime, also play an important role. A person’s expressive movements can tell a lot about his lifestyle, self-confidence, and inner mental state.
Nonverbal communication is important in modern world. With their help, you can not only “bring your interlocutor to clean water,” but also better understand the experiences and thoughts of a loved one. One of the most famous books, “Body Language” by Alan Pease, formed the basis for many webinars by leading psychologists and psychotherapists.
Nonverbal communication and its importance cannot be overestimated. Psychologists have identified several important functions this type of communication:
Correct interpretation of non-verbal symbols is aimed at fully maintaining and conducting a conversation. Many books have been written and a large number of films have been made on this topic.
Each of us notices nonverbal signals subconsciously and interprets them according to our understanding of the situation. There are special nonverbal exercises that help develop this skill.
First of all, you need to learn to notice and control your own body language, and then learn to understand others. You can do independent exercises in front of a mirror. To do this, simply reproduce the facial expressions of actors from famous movie scenes or act out your own emotions (sadness, seal, laughter, rage). In the same way, gait, gestures, and body posture are worked out.
To understand other people's feelings, it is necessary not only to have a wealth of knowledge. Practice is equally important. It is important to pay attention not only to the words and actions of the people around you, but also try to record changes in their facial expressions and gestures in each specific situation. Nonverbal communication and special skills develop over the years, and first of all, attentiveness and even some scrupulousness in this matter are important.
It's no secret that verbal and nonverbal communication differs slightly between men and women. Women are more interested in discussing, and men are more interested in acting. Women explore the world through discussion and conversations, while men are closer to the world of accomplishments and discoveries. This is the secret of different perceptions of the world.
Women feel more confident and relaxed in nonverbal communication techniques . It is easier for them to express their emotions using gestures, their facial expressions are brighter and richer. Men are more restrained; they pay more attention to self-control.
Pantomime also differs in many ways. 
Eye contact is important for women; they openly look their interlocutor in the eyes during a conversation, their conversations are accompanied by an abundance of gestures and touches. Men, on the other hand, will pay attention to verbal communication, their gaze wanders around, and their gestures are stingy and laconic.
