Unfortunately, not all areas have water supply. Owners of such real estate have to choose an uncomfortable life “without amenities” or manually drill water wells. This method can be considered the cheapest and most common way of arranging a source for autonomous water supply. Specialists are usually invited to carry out the work, but if desired, you can do it yourself. Today we will look at how to drill a well with our own hands and what methods exist.
A very common drilling method, most often used for developing shallow wells. Its essence is that with the help of auger blades the soil is destroyed and brought to the surface. There are two technologies for such drilling. For the first, a screw is used, the blades of which are welded to the base at right angles. During operation, the blades cut the soil at an angle of 90°, after which it is crushed and transported upward. The main disadvantage of the method: part of the soil falls into the well and needs to be removed to the surface.
The blades of the auger tool that destroy the soil can be welded to the axis at different angles; this fact does not affect the drilling technology. In any case, auger drilling resembles the twisting of a “corkscrew” with the sequential lifting of the destroyed rock
The second technology is more convenient. In this case, a screw with blades is used, which are welded to the pipe at an angle of 30-70°. The device cuts the soil and, without crushing it, transports it to the surface.
The advantage of the method is that nothing gets inside the well. On an industrial drilling rig, it is necessary to supply flushing fluid, most often water, into the workings. A jet pumped into the casing pipes washes the dump to the surface. In the process of manual well drilling, pumping is unlikely to be used. However, professionals recommend the use of flushing fluid, which greatly facilitates the drilling process.
When using this method, drilling is done using special tool, which is a pipe at the end of which there is a core bit with sharp cutters made of durable metal. Super-hard rocks are first broken up with a chisel, then drilled with a bit and the slurry that has clogged up in the core pipe is lifted.
The crown, rotating together with the pipe, goes deep into the ground, forming a well of the corresponding diameter. The sludge collects inside the projectile and rises with it to the surface. The blows of a heavy sledgehammer are used to free the hollow “glass” from the rock. In the process of drilling a well with your own hands, either clean water or mixed with clay must be supplied inside the projectile. This strengthens the walls of the well and prevents them from collapsing.
Column crowns can be of many different types, their choice depends on physical and mechanical characteristics rock in which the well is to be drilled
In its upper part, the core pipe is equipped with fastening devices onto which rods are attached. This way the required drilling depth is achieved. The build-up occurs in stages. After the first section of the pipe has been buried, a new rod is attached to it, the length of which is from 1.2 to 1.5 m. Then the steps are repeated. Thus, a technological column is formed from the projectile and rods. It is very important that the glass and pipes are connected to each other as firmly as possible. There should be no noticeable play or unwanted movements at their attachment points.
A heavy drilling tool is raised to a height of 2 meters and forcefully lowered onto the drilling site. It breaks the rock and grabs it with a cutting and gripping device located on the lower edge of the pipe. It's called a bailer and can be the most different types, depending on the soil type.
To facilitate the drilling process, a clay mixture or water is poured into the well, which is later scooped out using a special device made in the form of a bucket.
Diagram of a bailer with a ball valve, one of the types of tools specially designed for working with soft and loose soil
The shock-rope method involves the use of a tripod. It is being built above the drilling site. The height of the device is about two meters. A block is mounted on the top of the equipment through which the cable is thrown. A bailer is firmly attached to its end. The tool is raised to the surface of the earth and lowered into the well using a cable. The bailer is cleaned of sludge through a technological hole located half a meter from its lower edge.
Some craftsmen claim that they know how to manually drill a well, which does not require erecting a tripod at all. Long-term practice shows that this is only possible for depths less than 10 m and will require excessive physical effort from builders.
You can learn more about the technology of drilling water-bearing wells from the following material:
The method is very similar to the previous drilling method. The main difference: it performs rotational and impact movements at once. Thus, the forces applied to the projectile increase and the drilling process accelerates. The soil, knocked out with a bailer, is transported to the surface using a special bucket. The method is considered the best for constructing a well in rocky hard soils.
To facilitate the drilling process, a homemade tripod is used - a design that makes removing the drill from the well much simpler and easier
It should be noted that the least effective of all methods is the auger method. However, it is the simplest, which is why it is most often chosen when you are going to drill a well yourself. However, the choice of drilling method also depends on the composition of the soil on the site. Screw method Most often it is useless on hard soils, and the use of impact-rotary is impractical on soft soils. Thus, before you start drilling, you should definitely find out the composition of the soil in the area.
The following material will help to pump up the well after drilling:
There is a drilling method that will require minimal financial investment. This is manual drilling of wells using an ice drill. The tool is used as a drill, and homemade rods are used to build it up.
The knife of the ice ax will serve as an auger, and steel pipes with a diameter of up to 25 mm can be used as extension rods. To make the process go faster, reinforced cutters are welded to the winding edges of the improvised auger
Among other things, the work will require casing pipes to form the wellbore, a shovel and a device for removing cuttings from the site.
Drilling with an auger made from an ice drill includes the following operations:
The casing can be installed after completion of drilling work. In this case plastic pipes inserted into the well and connected in series after the previous part is lowered down. This is not the most rational way, since you will have to clean the face of sludge again.
Plastic pipes are very light, quite durable and inexpensive, so they are most often chosen for constructing a well casing
Experience shows that drilling a well with your own hands is quite possible, although quite labor-intensive. You should take the matter seriously: choose the right drilling method, select the necessary materials, study the instructions and then get to work. The result of your efforts will be clean water from your own well on the site.
Central water supply is a privilege for residents of urban centers. Even on the outskirts of a metropolis it is difficult to connect to communications. Or need to spend a considerable amount for laying pipes, or access to the benefits of civilization is physically inaccessible due to the distance of utility networks.
There is nothing to say about isolated villages. The only way to get water is to drill your own well. The main thing is to find appropriate place. We will tell you the details about this important process and provide visual diagrams and show a thematic video.
We represent the people, and therefore very effective ways searching for water in the area.
Method 1. Ordinary clay unglazed pot with capacity 1-1,5 liters are filled with a mixture of jari (a type of paint based on copper acetate), white incense (tree resin), sulfur and sheep's wool in proportions 4:4:4:5 .
Pot hermetically sealed and weighed. It needs to be buried in the proposed location of drilling a well to a depth 30-35 cm. After a day, the container is again sent to the scales and, if the mass of the pot has increased, then the water is nearby.
Instead of old recipe absorbent composition can be used silica gel.
Method 2. If there are no water sources nearby, you need to observe the chosen location for the well. Evening fog above the “destination” indicates that there is water here. Than fog thicker- those closer water.
Method 3 will give a result close to 100 % . Can be drilled manually with a garden drill to depth 5-10 meters. If the presence of water in the well is obvious, all that remains is to complete the deepening work.
The more water, the more likely it is to build a well rather than a well. The nominal drilling depth is 10-15 m. The location for the well must be chosen no closer than 30 m from contaminated areas. It could also be artesian well, that is, an underground pressure source.
Manual drilling uses shock-rope and rotary methods or Abyssinian well. The simplest thing is rotary drilling. Required Tools and materials:
Drill rods.
Winch.
Drill tower.
Casing pipes.
Winch on the tower the drill with rods (drill string) is lifted and removed from the well. If the water is shallow, you can remove the drill manually using a block on a winch. Also, instead of a winch, you can build a regular gate (like on wells). The drilling tower is made in the form of a tripod from scrap materials.
Drilling rods- these are pipes with a threaded or keyed connection. A drill is attached to the lower rod. Types of drills: spiral or spoon.
Spoon drill(spoon drill) - metal cylinder with spiral or longitudinal cutting. Its axis is eccentric relative to the center of the rod. That is, the axis of rotation of the rod and the lower drill must coincide, but for the “spoon” it is shifted by 10-15 millimeters.
Thus, the tool makes a hole with a diameter greater than its own. This allows the drill to move freely in the casing pipes, which can be lowered directly during the deepening process.
Length Borax-spoons - 700 mm, the diameter is selected according to the dimensions of the well.
On video an example is given self-made tool:
Homemade spoon drill made from ordinary thick-walled pipe with hardening. It can be used for drilling in wet sand, loam, black soil, alumina, and so on.
Boer spiral type (coil drill) is made from a twisted metal strip of tool steel and resembles a drill. The lower end of the tool is equipped cutting edge, the pitch of its spiral is equal to the diameter. Can be used for drilling in clay and clay soils with gravel filling.
To remove liquid mud from a well, use bailer. Its valve closes when rising and retains the “silt”.
Above the future well tower is being installed higher than the length of the rod. At the first stage, the drill string includes one rod and a drill. After every 600-700 mm column needs to be removed and cleared of soil. As it moves, the length of the drill string increases by attaching an additional rod.
Such necessary operations, How column lifting, disassembling the rod, her assembly and return descent take a lot of time. Therefore, it is necessary to capture the maximum amount of soil with the drill. If drilling is carried out in loose soil, it will fall down from the walls of the well. Therefore, one should lower oneself into the “well” casing, but not to the very bottom, but at a distance 0,5-1 meter from it.
The video shows the process in detail mechanized well drilling:
As the casing goes deeper, it lowers lower. Drilling continues until the waterproof layer. It is necessary to completely penetrate the aquifer so that water enters the well in maximum volume(this point is presented very clearly in video at the end of the article).
Drops to the bottom of the well fine metal mesh filter. The lower part of the casing pipes, in the walls of which holes are drilled, also serves as a filter. Before installing the filter at the bottom of the well, you need to fill 30-50 centimeters of coarse sand or fine gravel. Water is supplied to the house through a pipeline using pump, so it is necessary to install cables and metal-plastic pipes.
Drill a well deep more than 20 meters manually it will be very difficult.
Any ready A well-maintained water well will last for decades. Service is checking fasteners, lubrication and adjustment of pump parts, electrical work and so on. Typically, the “technical inspection” takes place on site, without requiring dismantling of the equipment.
It is also necessary to carry out well insulation, or rather its upper part.
Materials such as polystyrene (foam), mineral or glass wool are best used if groundwater is located close, as well as when the soil is deeply frozen.
It is advisable to make the insulation layer thick 35-50 centimeters.
Drinking water is standardized according to the standards of the World Health Organization ( WHO). You can familiarize yourself with them in the “Guide to Drinking Water Quality”.
Water purification from a well is carried out in special laboratories after determining the presence of impurities as a percentage. The analysis must be carried out regularly, since the composition may change due to seasonal and even daily fluctuations. Based on the results obtained, the water well is cleaned in the most appropriate way.
Universal well water purification system - reverse osmosis. Several types of impurities are removed at once, ensuring high quality liquids. Therefore, to completely get rid of iron, humic compounds, viruses and bacteria, only this system can be used.
After laboratory tests you need to contact specialists who will select the most effective system cleaning.
There are such types water filters:
Jug type. Contains activated carbon, which partially reduces the amount of contaminants in water. "Jug" can't delete a large number of inorganic, organic impurities and bacteria. The water is filtered slowly. After a month you need to change the cartridge.
Carbonic. Contains activated carbon, which effectively removes chlorine from water. Due to a possible interruption in the water supply, the cartridge often becomes clogged, so the composition of the water can become doubly toxic. Does not reduce the number of bacteria, viruses and inorganic impurities.
Ceramic. Helps purify water only from “garbage” of large fractions. Organic and inorganic substances, viruses and bacteria are not retained. In addition, the filter quickly becomes clogged with dirt. Therefore, it requires frequent cleaning and disinfection.
WITH reverse osmosis . Significantly reduces the content of harmful and toxic impurities in water. Mechanical barriers and a membrane purify the liquid almost perfectly, but useful minerals are lost and a distillation effect occurs. Therefore, you need to connect a mineralizer to the filter. Does not destroy bacteria and viruses.
Coagulation method. When coagulants are added, the water is divided into 3 layer. Light impurities collect in the upper one, and toxins in the form of sediment collect in the lower one. The middle layer is drinkable. Requires special equipment. At home, the process is dangerous, since toxic substances from other layers can enter the water.
At the end of the material, we suggest you look video, which shows the drilling work:
Having your own source of uninterrupted water supply is the dream of everyone who lives in their own home!
This desire is quite feasible; it is enough to drill a high-quality well on your site.
This can be done both on your own and with the help of professional specialists!
There are several types of wells, differing from each other in depth, and therefore in the quality of the water supplied. Shallow or sandy wells are drilled to a depth of 10 to 50 meters.
If the source is more than 50 meters deep, then it is considered artesian. It is characterized by a limestone layer, and it can only be broken through with special equipment.
Each type has its own drilling method. There are several technology options - rope-impact, perforated, rotary.
If you plan to break through a water source yourself, then manual drilling technology is also used. What you choose depends on the size of the planned burial, the type of soil, and the purpose of using water.
The most common types of water sources are a well, a sand well and an artesian well. They are characterized by their own depth, quality and volume of supplied water. They also differ in the type of soil in which they break through and in their service life.
Main types:
Well or Abyssinian well does not require the use of special equipment for operation, and can be done independently. Used metal pipe with a sharp tip and holes in the walls.
The tube is driven into the ground to a depth of 8-10 meters. Thanks to the holes on the walls, the pipe is siege-proof and at the same time serves as a filter for the well. The soil type should not be hard.
The advantages of such a well include accessibility of manufacturing on your own and simplicity of design. However has its downsides- it is impossible to install an in-depth pump, but only a surface one, due to the small diameter of the pipe.
As a result, it is not possible to provide sufficient water supply pressure. Another disadvantage is the relatively small service life is about 5 years.
Drilling into sand occurs up to a level of 15-30 meters. A pipe is installed in the drilled hole, at the end of which a metal grid from of stainless steel. The mesh is designed to filter pebbles, which are rich in coarse-grained sands.
It is in these layers that the filtration pipe is installed. Such a water source can meet the needs country house.With constant use it will last 15 years.
Of course, to cover all water needs and provide the house with crystal clean water is only capable of artesian well. Drilling occurs to the level of calcareous rocks.
Therefore, the depth of artesian water can reach 200 meters. Such a source can provide more than 10 cubic meters of water per hour. Its service life is 50 years.
The choice of drilling method depends on several factors. Basically, this is the depth level and type of soil that needs to be penetrated. In this regard, there are several types of drilling:
Nature itself will help you determine the right location. Where plants grow more intensively, there is a possibility that the water horizon is shallow.
The main criterion for a water source is purity, so you need to move it away from potential pollutants by at least 25 m (drainage pits, toilet). Also You should keep a distance from home - no closer than 5 m. The well must not be placed in depressions of the terrain. so that it does not become a sink for surface contaminants.
Without tripods it will be impossible to carry out the drilling process. You can make them yourself. You need to take 3 pipes 5 meters long. They need to be laid out on the ground so that the two sides at the top converge with each other, and at the bottom their edges diverge. Place a third one between them, in the middle.
Schematically, you should get a triangle divided in half. Then, through the joined edges, drill a hole into which to insert the fastening pin. Secure the edges of the pin so that the tripod does not move apart. The winch with a cable is attached to two side legs.
If you plan to use not impact technology, but to break through the soil with a drill, then you can also make it yourself. To do this, you will need a metal rod with a sharp end, to which the knives will be welded.
To make knives, you need to take metal disks 10-15 mm thick and cut them in half. Weld the first two halves at a height of 20 cm from the point of the rod.
At vertical arrangement shaft, knives are welded to it at an angle of 200 from the imaginary horizontal. The opposite knife is welded crosswise to the first one at the same angle. The half-discs must be very well sharpened so that the drilling process takes place quickly and with minimal physical effort.
To drill an Abyssinian well, it is necessary to prepare pipes for driving in advance. They should be galvanized or stainless steel, one inch or three-quarters in size. Pre-cut threads for connection on each section.
Also in the initial section you need to weld the impact cone. From the tip to a height of up to 500 mm, 5-8 mm holes are drilled for the flow of water into the pipe, which are closed with a filtration mesh (P52 stainless steel).
A steel headstock is required to drive the pipe into the ground., with a round hole in the middle, and with two fasteners on the sides. The load must be heavy, more than 30 kg. The hole in the plate is placed on the pipe, and ropes are attached to its side fasteners.
To create a collision point on the pipe, a clamp is securely attached to it. Ropes are needed to lift the headstock. It is best to attach rollers on top of the tripods, through which you throw ropes. This will greatly facilitate the process of lifting the metal plate.
The metal plate hits the clamp with acceleration, thereby driving the pipe into the ground. As you deepen, the clamp must be moved upward and new pipe sections must be secured tightly to the threaded connection.
Video on how to drill a well with your own hands:
Another video on how to make a drill with your own hands:
If after the next blow the pipe goes into the ground unhindered, then the water horizon has been reached. It’s worth going deeper another half a meter and stopping.
After completing the drilling work, you need to cut off the excess piece of pipe and fix it on it check valve with pump.
In order for your water supply system to work as efficiently as possible, you need to choose the right pump for it. You can choose it based on several parameters:
In order to reliably know the depth of the well and the water level in it, you can take a simple measurement. To do this, a load is suspended from a rope and lowered to the very bottom. The distance from the load to the wet edge of the rope will indicate what the water level is. And the total length of the rope immersion will be equal to the depth of the well.
These readings are important because they are stated in the pump passport, and are one of the main characteristics under which the drilling equipment will operate.
Well production represents the volume of water released by a source over a certain time. Based on this, you need to optimally select the right pump. You also need to decide on its size, because most equipment is made to fit 4 inches. If the well diameter is smaller, finding a pump will be much more problematic.
The motor, pumping 50 liters per minute, is capable of covering all the needs of an average family of up to 4 people. If your plans include watering large areas, then it makes sense to buy a pump with a capacity several times higher. Although the price will be higher, all water needs will be covered.
To prevent the walls of the source from crumbling and the water to remain clean, casing pipes are used. The material used can be different - steel, asbestos cement, plastic. Which pipe to choose depends on the type of drilling, depth, hole diameter, and soil type.
Steel They are the most expensive in terms of cost, and it is most advisable to use them in an artesian well on limestone. Another advantage of this use is that the service life of the metal casing pipes and the well itself are the same.
Asbestos-cement have a number of advantages. These include chemical neutrality, lack of corrosion and unlimited shelf life. However, there is a significant disadvantage - fragility, and as a result, increased wall thickness.
This leads to the fact that, with the same internal diameter, a larger external diameter will have to be punched under the asbestos-cement pipe. And this leads to higher costs of work. Most often, these pipes are used on limestone artesian wells.
Plastic(there are PVC and HDPE) it is advisable to use for wells with shallow depths (up to 50 meters), provided that there are no quicksands in the ground. Since the main disadvantage of pvc pipes are of low strength, it is better to use them on simple soils. The advantages include the absence of corrosion and the impossibility of foreign components getting into the water due to the quality of the material.
Price for drilling 1 linear meter costs 2000-3000 rubles, depending on the region. Also, a number of factors will influence price formation, such as:
If you make calculations for a small well, 10 meters deep, then specialists will make it turnkey for about 20,000-30,000 rubles. This includes the cost of work and prices for materials.
If you break through the source yourself, then you need to purchase:
In addition to this you will need Additional materials- self-tapping screws, stainless steel mesh, seal on threaded connections. Even a preliminary price calculation shows that shallow well It’s more economical to break through and do it yourself.
But if there is a need for a large debit or artesian water, then you will have to turn to specialists, since this can only be done with special equipment!
Any summer cottage, private or Vacation home must be provided with water. Most agricultural plants cannot grow without water. In the absence of moisture, the plant will simply dry out, not pleasing the owners with a juicy and tasty harvest. Therefore, the well is summer cottage must be present. Currently there are simple ways drilling operations that do not require the use of expensive drilling equipment.
Manual drilling of a well is a real opportunity to obtain the water necessary for life without the use of heavy drilling rigs. As a rule, situations arise when creating a well on a summer cottage using special equipment is impossible.
This can happen due to a number of reasons. For example, narrow space, which can arise due to dense buildings, as well as unfavorable terrain and other circumstances. If one of the above cases occurs, then you need to use the construction of a well manual method.
Many people ask the question: how to cut a water well with your own hands? This is quite hard physical work, and it is unlikely that one person can cope with it. Therefore, you need to take care in advance about help, which you can ask from friends or neighbors in your summer cottage.
It is used for construction various technologies. In turn, the life-giving source is divided into types:
So, to perform well drilling work you need the following tools:
The first on the list of devices for creating a well is a drilling rig. It is used for digging soil for deep wells. With this design, it became possible to immerse the drill to great depths. You can also lift it together with barbells. If you immerse the device over short distances, you can remove it manually, without using a tower.
What are drill rods? They are made from ordinary pipes, which are connected to each other using threads or, in rare cases, keys. For the manufacture of cutting attachments, sheet steel with a thickness of 3 mm or more is used. After their manufacture, it is necessary to sharpen the edges of the nozzles. It should be taken into account that during the rotational movements of the drill mechanism, they must crash into the ground clockwise.
Setting up a well does not take much time and effort. First you need to install the tower. It is located where the future water well will be located. Its height should be several times greater than the length of the drill rod.
This is done to make it convenient to remove the rod when lifting the drill. How to construct a well? We take a bayonet shovel and dig a small amount of land to determine the direction of the drilling process. At the first stage, creating a well with a drill is quite simple. The first steps of rotation can be performed by one person, but later, when the pipe is immersed to a greater depth, assistance will be needed. To pull the drill out of the soil, you need to perform counterclockwise movements. If it cannot be removed, you should repeat the procedure again.
The more the drill is immersed in the soil, the harder it is to perform. To facilitate the work process, water is used, thanks to which the soil will become soft and advancement will be easy. During the work, it is necessary to bring the drilling structure to the surface. This is done every half meter of advancement and serves to clear the ground. Further drilling occurs according to the same principle. It takes a lot of time to immerse and raise the drill. Therefore, you should try to extract as much soil as possible.
The drilling process continues until the structure reaches the aquifer. It can be determined by the condition of the excavated soil. Next, you need to reach the next layer - the water-resistant layer, which comes after the aquifer. To do this, the device is immersed even lower. Manual drilling of the well reaches the level of 20 meters. This process will ensure maximum water flow into it. It is worth noting that a do-it-yourself well without equipment will only work when immersed to the first aquifer. Another important point is pumping out dirty water. For these purposes, as a rule, two types are used and submersible.
Such devices are designed for partial or complete immersion in water.
To ensure that the device can operate smoothly for a long time, its body is made of stainless steel. Deep ones have small overall dimensions, which is very important when installed in narrow wells. In addition, they have impressive power. Externally, the pump resembles a long cylinder, usually from 0.5 to 3 m. It is specially designed for a specific well diameter. To install it you must have
After several buckets of dirty water have been pumped out, it is necessary to rinse the location of the water. After this it will become clean. If this does not happen, then you need to use a drill and dive a few more meters. Without equipment, it can also be equipped - using a hydraulic pump or drill.
To create a well with your own hands without equipment, you need to mark out the rock using a driving glass. It is a heavy device that falls into the soil from a great height (the height of the drilling structure). To implement this method it is necessary to build a drilling rig, as well as purchase tools for extracting earth from the well and shock-rope equipment. So, an ordinary three-legged structure, which can be made not only from steel elements, but also from wooden logs, can serve as a tower. Its height should be proportional to the size of the impact element.
Let's talk about cable percussion drilling technology. As mentioned earlier, the process is based on lowering the driving glass from the height of the drilling tool. In this case, the driving tool breaks up part of the rock and captures it. With its volume, the soil is extracted from the site of the future well. A steel pipe is used to equip the drilling rig. At its end is cutting element, which resembles half a turn of a screw.
Will be in direct contact with the soil. There is a hole at a distance of 0.5 meters from the end of the steel pipe. It serves to remove the mined earth and, as a result, clean the drill bit. A cable is attached to its upper part, which is necessary for lowering the mill to a depth, as well as extracting it to the surface along with the contents. The glass must be constantly freed from the ground. It fills every 0.5 m.
A do-it-yourself well dug without equipment requires the necessary casing. It is performed using special whole asbestos-cement pipes or individual pieces. If you work with segments, you should pay attention to their diameter. They should be the same so that in the future the immersion of the structure will be easy and will not cause additional problems. The pipe connections must be secured with staples that will be invisible under the strips of steel. They prevent individual elements from slipping.
It serves to prevent the walls from collapsing when rotational movement auger, and also eliminates clogging of the well. Casing pipes cover the layer where the bad dirty water, and prevent it from entering a clean source.
When the well is ready, a steel pipe with a filter is lowered to its bottom, which is a fine grid that does not allow small and large fractions to pass through, and also ensures water purification. After this, it is secured with a clamp. At this stage, the question of how to drill a water well with your own hands can be considered closed.
The last step is to cover the structure using a caisson. It resembles a cap that serves to protect any contaminants from entering the well. After some time, you can notice the pipe rising. There is no need to worry about this, as it is natural process, not requiring any intervention. Serious changes must be made when the water begins to become contaminated with sand or other rocks.
Advantage manual method is that you can drill a water well with your own hands absolutely anywhere. This repents not only land plot, but also some premises, such as a garage or barn. If you install a water source in any room, the owner of a summer cottage will not have to spend extra money on insulation, or purchase heating equipment. In addition, there is no need to use massive, expensive drilling rigs. A well that was built manually can last different quantities time. The service life depends on the depth and frequency of use. Therefore, such a source can last for several months or a couple of years. To increase this period, high-quality maintenance is necessary.
The main disadvantages of such a system are the shallow depth and, in some cases, the cost of the work.
The manual method can be several times higher mechanical process. In addition, such wells can quickly become clogged, which is a significant problem.
Of course, manual drilling of wells is a complex process. But there is also a significant advantage - low cost of work. Since it is used own strength, and not special drilling equipment. Therefore, we can conclude that this method of drilling wells is the most popular precisely because of its acceptable economic indicators.
So, we figured out how to make a well.
Water in a summer cottage or in a private home is a necessary resource that cannot be lived without. However, organizing a public water supply is often impractical. Due to the remoteness of land holdings from each other, centralized water supply is an expensive proposition. It is easier and cheaper to use an individual water source. True, you first need to organize it. Own well will provide its owner with confidence that the economic needs of the site and housing will be met. At the same time, the owners will not have to pay for water supply, counting every cubic meter of water spent. Digging a well is difficult and expensive, but drilling a well yourself is possible if you are familiar with the drilling technology and the type of well construction.
Before drilling, the site area must be examined, determining the level of occurrence groundwater. The amount of work that will need to be done to make the well water-bearing will depend on this parameter. The type of well is chosen taking into account the depth of the water-containing formation.
If water is found at a depth of 3-12 m, choose the “” type. At a depth of up to 50 m, a sand well is used, and an artesian well, if the water lies in the ground at least 200 m. Almost every summer resident can do the first two types manually, but an artesian well will require a drilling rig and professional drillers.
This type of source involves pumping water from a depth of up to 50 m. A sand well is called this because it “gives water” from a water-containing sandy layer of soil, the depth of which is usually just fifty meters. This depth does not guarantee the purity of the water, so it is recommended to periodically check the contents of the well at the sanitation station for the presence of organic and chemical compounds.
To organize a sand well it is used classic scheme with pump. And to purify water from suspended matter and debris, use a filter installed at depth. The filter needs to be cleaned regularly. The service life of a sand well is about 15 years.
This is the simplest needle hole to make. It is shallow, so care must be taken to carefully select a place for it.
There should be no septic tanks, garbage heaps, cesspools or sewage pits nearby. Due to the shallow depth harmful substances may leak into the source, contaminating it.
If the ground does not contain pebbles or other hard rocks, drilling a well can be done in the area around the house or directly in the basement of the house. The well in the basement is convenient to use even in cold weather. Equipping a home well manual column and a pump so that you can use water, regardless of the availability of electricity.
Provided that there are already wells of this type in neighboring areas, there is a high probability of water occurring in a limestone formation in this area. In other cases, drillers are ordered to test a well to determine the depth of water. An artesian well can provide water to several areas at once. Often drilling is ordered together in order to save money and get the desired result.
The choice of well type depends on the type of soil and the planned amount of water consumed. Abyssinian well and a sand well will provide a low flow rate. And if the flow rate is 10 cubic meters per hour or more, you will need to install an artesian well. It is better to drill any well away from potential pollutants and close to the house so that there are no problems with laying the water supply.
When drilling artesian wells, professionals use drilling rigs. For smaller wells, a regular tripod with a winch is suitable. It will lower and raise the drilling tool, consisting of a core pipe, drill rods, a drill column, and a drill.
Special equipment, without which it is problematic to make a well, is a drilling tool that will help you go deeper into the ground (auger), a tripod and a winch. To drill a well with your own hands, you will need a metal auger. An ice screw, which is used for winter fishing, can act as an auger. The main thing is that the drill is made of high-strength steel. This is the most cheap option drilling a well. In addition to the tripod, you will need pipes of different diameters (water pipes, hoses, casing), valves, caisson, filters, and a pump for the well.
1. First you need to dig a hole or pit, the dimensions of which are 150 by 150 cm. To prevent the recess from crumbling, its walls are lined with plywood, boards, and pieces of chipboard. Another option is to dig a trunk with a diameter of 15-20 cm and a depth of 1 m with an ordinary drill. This is done so that the pipe is more stable in a vertical position.
2. A strong metal or wooden tripod (called a drilling derrick) is placed directly above the recess, securing a winch at the junction of its supports. Towers made of logs are more common. A drill string with one and a half meter (if drilling independently) rods hangs on a tripod. The rods are threaded together into one pipe and secured with a clamp. This design is used for lifting and lowering equipment.
The pump is selected in advance in order to determine the diameter of the future well and core pipe. The pump must pass freely into the pipe. That is why the difference between the diameter of the pump and the internal diameter of the pipe should be at least 5 mm.
Lowering and lifting drilling equipment is the drilling of a well. The rod is rotated while simultaneously hitting it from above with a chisel. It’s much more convenient for two people to do this: the first one turns the gas wrench, and the second one hits the bar from above, breaking through the rock. Using a winch simplifies the process: it makes lifting and lowering equipment into the well much easier. The rod is marked during drilling. Markings will be required for orientation. The markings help determine when it is time to pull out the rod and clean the drill. It is usually recommended to do this approximately every half meter.
3. To make it easier to overcome different layers of soil, special drills are used.
4. It is easier to go through the sand layer with a spoon drill, adding water while drilling. If the soil is hard, use a chisel. Drill bits come in cross and flat types. In any case, their purpose is to help loosen hard rocks. They overcome quicksand using the shock method.
For clayey soil, you will need a coil, a bailer and a spoon. Coils or spiral drills work well clay soils, since they have a design similar to a spiral, and the pitch of the spiral is equal to the diameter of the drill. The size of the lower base of the drill is from 45 to 85 mm, the blade is from 258-290 mm. Pebble layers containing gravel are pierced, alternating with a bailer and a bit, with casing pipes. Sometimes you can't do without pouring water into the hole. This can significantly simplify the task of drilling a well. The option of drilling a well using a pump is also worth considering.
Soil drilling process
5. If the rock brought to the surface has become important, then the aquifer is already close. You need to go a little deeper to cross the aquifer. Drilling will suddenly become noticeably easier, but you cannot stop. You need to find a waterproof layer with a drill.
Once the required depth has been reached, the next stage begins - arrangement. A filter column consisting of a pipe, a settling tank and a filter is lowered into the finished well. You can make it yourself from a filtration mesh, perforation and casing pipe, or use a ready-made, store-bought sand filter for a submersible pump.
To strengthen the pipe, the space behind it is filled with 5-mm crushed stone or coarse sand. The backfill must be above the filter level. Filter - essential element any well. Main function filter - protection from sand and large impurities. In parallel with backfilling, water is pumped into a pipe with a sealed upper end. This manipulation helps to flush the annulus and filter. After washing, a natural barrier is formed for large impurities. Bailout of a well with a bailer attachment or auger pump means that water is pumped out of a fresh well until the water becomes clean and clear. This stage is called buildup. For it, electric power is most often used. centrifugal pump. The advantage of this mechanism is that it can pump high-density liquid media. A regular household pump is also acceptable, but it will require more effort and time. If there are problems with the power supply, it is possible to use a hand pump.
After pumping, the pump is lowered to a depth on a safety rope (see picture above). They connect to it water pipe or hose with a diameter of 25 or 50 mm. The choice of diameter depends on the capabilities of the well - the amount of water that can be pumped out of the well in a certain period of time.
If a metal pipe is used, the pump is not fixed. Instead, a waterproof cable coming from the pump is attached to the pipe.
To select a pump of the correct power, you must take into account such parameters as:
The required pump power directly depends on these parameters. For shallow depths (up to 9 m), a self-priming surface pump, in other cases a submersible well pump will do a good job.
After the pump is immersed, a pipe is brought out into the wellhead, equipped with a caisson, welded to its head. A valve is installed on it, which will open the way for water to the top and regulate the flow. If the water intake rate is excessive, the low-productivity well will quickly dry up, and the pump, running idle, will fail. Pipes are connected to the caisson, which will serve as a water supply to the room. They require waterproofed and insulated trenches. You can read about how to choose a pump for a well, and about how to choose a pump for a well.
Wells of all types need timely cleaning. Signs that an aquifer well requires service may include: jerks in the water outlet, the presence of air pockets or impurities (silt, sand) in the flow. If you miss the moment of maintenance, the productivity of the well may no longer be restored. Recovery normal functions, the well is purged with a water or air compressor. More radical methods cleaning - acid or electricity. However, these methods are risky and are best left to specialists.
Before starting work, it would be a good idea to ask your neighbors what the water level is in your area. If there are wells nearby, take a look there.
Water level above 5 m – good news, because the only drilling tool you need is a garden auger.
A small-sized drilling rig or mechanical drilling device - “handbrake”, can be rented. This way you will have the opportunity to use convenient equipment and not pay a lot of money for it.
You cannot lower the water pipe into the well all the way to the bottom. It should not reach the deepest point by about half a meter. This way the water will go up better.
The pipe leading into the well must have on the surface ventilation holes, otherwise, without air access, the water will quickly become musty. It is convenient to equip the pipe with a hinged cover so that there is constant access to the well.
The most convenient way to equip a well is a solid plastic pipe.
After the well is operational, be sure to submit your water for examination. Water is recognized as drinking water if its transparency is at least 30 cm, the nitrate content is no more than 10 mg/l, there are less than 10 E. coli in 1 liter, and the maximum rating of smell and taste is 3 points.
Advantages: low cost; no need for bulky special equipment to enter the site; due to the relatively shallow depth, homemade wells are pumped faster and take less time to tighten; If there is no electricity, water can be obtained using a hand suction pump.
The main disadvantage of self-drilling is the limited depth and lack of specialists who can help maintain a homemade well. Thus, after reading this article, we hope that you will not have any questions about how to drill a well with your own hands.
