No country house can exist without a normal water supply. Carry water with you when visiting the dacha in weekend days? This option is not even considered, since it is unlikely to be enough even for domestic needs. Constantly annoying neighbors with requests to replenish their water supply? This is possible only for the time being, for the time being - there is a limit to every human patience ... A source of water will be all the more necessary if in country house planned for a long or even permanent residence, and on the adjacent plot there is a desire to plant some flowers or crops. The outputs are to connect to the centralized water supply system (in most cases this is simply impossible or is associated with too high financial costs), or to equip an autonomous water supply source on your territory.
All these issues will certainly be considered in a separate publication of our construction portal.
The presence of a well in a suburban area is often necessary condition to create comfort. Many prefer to have an independent source even if they have centralized water supply. The absence of such causes the need to extract water from the bowels. The level of modern technology has significantly expanded the possibilities of drilling. But a do-it-yourself water well remains a reality and in an inexpensive way providing it.
Providing water is a paramount task in the arrangement of any residential premises. To date, there are several ways to extract water:
The arrangement of a well is a laborious process, therefore expensive.
Its disadvantage is also the fact that water is drawn from upper layers, which creates a high probability of contamination, both external and entering through the upper layers of the soil. The amount of water is limited, the average debit is 0.5 cubic meters per hour. The well requires constant cleaning and repair, all these processes are carried out manually.
The well is more modern, reliable, durable and affordable way getting water. You can drill a well for water at any land plot. Depending on the depth of the aquifers, the type of construction is selected: Abyssinian well, sand or artesian well. If the aquifer is located at a depth of up to 12 m, an Abyssinian well is drilled. If this indicator is 50 m, water can be extracted using a sand well. Artesian is necessary if the water is at a depth of up to 200 m.
The Abyssinian well has a small diameter; surface dirt and dust do not enter it. Cheap and reliable option with moderate water use. A sand well has an average flow rate of 1.5 cubic meters per hour. This is a filter view, i.e. on water-bearing sand is placed from polymers or stainless metal. An artesian well is filterless, the water is supplied clean, without impurities. The flow rate is from 5 to 100 cubic meters per hour.
The scheme of the principle of operation of a well for water (sandy type) gives a visual representation of its internal structure.
The choice of the type of well is an extremely important and responsible process.
Helpful advice! If there is no information about the depth of the water reservoir, it is not worth determining the type of well without preliminary exploration. This can lead to unplanned additional costs and unexpectedly low flow rates.
Appointment of the caisson. Prices and characteristics of the most popular models.
When arranging a well for water with your own hands great importance It has correct selection tools. It determines the speed and quality of work.
The drilling tool must be made of durable and wear-resistant material, preferably steel. You can buy it in the store, or you can make it yourself and be sure of its quality. The main tools used in self drilling wells:
The cost of a turnkey water well, the price per meter of drilling is a complex value, which is influenced by a number of circumstances. First of all, it depends on the location of the object and the specifics of the area. Geological sections in the territory of one region are heterogeneous, the distribution of aquifers is different. As a result, drilling wells for water in each area costs differently. In addition, soil composition and landscape matter.
First, a qualified study of the soil is carried out, as a result of which the technology and equipment are selected. Since all water well drilling work is carried out by one company, you can save effort and time by getting water in the shortest possible time.
The device of a well for water in a private house and the connection of a water supply system to it will not cause difficulties if you correctly draw up a diagram and purchase high-quality equipment. The water supply scheme of a private house from a well contains 3 main components:
These main components are equipped with additional:
To connect the water supply to the house, it is necessary to lay pipes. If you do not plan to arrange insulation in the form of a cement tunnel (which is troublesome and time consuming), you need to dig a trench that will lower them below the freezing point. Another insulation option can be fiberglass foil materials.
Raw materials for pipes are used differently: there are several types of metal and more more variety non-metallic, polymer products.
Helpful advice! When replacing or laying water pipes it should be remembered that contact with water and the formation of condensate will necessarily lead to the appearance of corrosion on metal products. Plastic pipes are not subject to corrosion.
When arranging pumping station one of the main mechanisms is the pump. The choice of this device is extremely important.
According to the method of operation, pumps are divided into 2 types:
Surface pumps pump water from wells, the depth of which does not exceed 8 m. They are installed on the surface, the installation method is quite simple.
For greater depths, submersible pumps should be selected. They are of several types:
The main parameters that should be considered when choosing a pump for a well:
Price submersible pumps for water wells is much higher than for surface wells. This is due to their greater power, performance, design and installation features. Among submersibles, the most productive and expensive are centrifugal pumps, among which screw types are popular. They have high specifications, good performance and reasonable price.
If necessary, dispense a small amount of water for a short time it is better to give preference to a vortex pump. A vibration device is more often used with a target orientation - to shake the well. Prolonged exposure to vibration can damage parts of the downhole structure closest to the pump.
Helpful advice! When deriving well parameters, some indicators are relative values. Therefore, when buying a pump, you should choose suitable model with performance margin.
You can buy a hand pump for water from a well. It requires physical effort, but it is much more reliable, much cheaper, easier to repair and more durable in operation. Hand pumps are of several types:
When choosing a hand pump for water from a well, it is necessary first of all to take into account the depth of the water reservoir. The deepest of the hand pumps is piston (up to 30 m), the membrane is effective up to 8–10 m. All types of hand pumps can fully replace the surface pump.
The cost of repairing a well for water is always high, since this process is complex and labor-intensive. It is not always possible to do this on your own. In order for the well to supply water for a long time and fully, it is necessary to follow the following rules when starting it:
Helpful advice! At the beginning of the use of water from a well, it is mandatory to take a sample for chemical analysis composition. This will make sure that useful properties water used as drinking water, and will also make it possible to properly operate the water supply system as a whole.
Even when paying the required cost of a turnkey water well, when the work was done by professionals, it is not always possible to avoid troubles during use. The most common problems during well operation:
If the well is not used systematically, but only in summer period silting is almost inevitable. There is no need to flush the structure in such a situation, but intensive pumping is needed.
Polluted water can become due to the ingress of soil, intermediate water. The most common cause is depressurization of casing pipes. Repair is needed, it can be significant if the casing needs to be replaced, and not just patching of individual sections.
Helpful advice! When purchasing materials for arranging casing pipes for a water well, the price of which is related to the budget, you should not choose: the efficiency of the most expensive pumping station can be reduced to zero precisely because of depressurization problems. Plastic rings are reliable and convenient when mounting the casing.
Weak flow may cause the filter to become clogged. The elimination of this problem will be cleaning or replacing the filter as a whole.
Figure out how to make a water well with your own hands, or order it on a turnkey basis, accepting the conditions and the cost of a water well already in finished version, - everyone decides for himself. The price cannot be a priority, just like the manufacturer of the equipment. The main thing is that the output should be the quality and quantity of water that is necessary for daily consumption and life support.
Any homestead, whether country cottage or a private house must be provided with water. Without life-giving moisture, they cannot grow, pleasing the eye with lush flowering, and no fruits can fully bear fruit. cultivated plants. A do-it-yourself well for water, despite the seeming grandiosity of the process, is a very real possibility of extracting water, which can be done independently without the use of heavy drilling equipment. There are several drilling methods that are quite simple to perform and do not involve the use of expensive equipment and considerable effort.
Water can be extracted by using different technologies. The main types of water wells used for the extraction of life-giving moisture:
The exact depth of a water well cannot be determined in advance. Tentatively, this will be the depth, as with a similar well drilled in neighboring areas, or a well located nearby. Since deviations are possible due to the uneven occurrence of soil layers, casing pipes should be purchased based on the parameters of the water supply sources already equipped on the site, but with a slight adjustment.
The design of the well for water is a kind of narrow well
The service life of wells directly depends on the intensity of use: the more often a structure is used, the longer it will last.
To perform the work, the drill itself, the drilling derrick, the winch, rods and casing pipes are required. The drilling tower is necessary when digging a deep well, with the help of this design, the drill with rods is immersed and lifted.
The easiest way to drill a well for water is rotary, which is carried out by rotating the drill
When drilling shallow wells, the drill string can be removed manually, without the use of a derrick at all. Drill rods can be made of pipes, products are connected with dowels or threads. The lowermost rod is additionally equipped with a drill.
The cutting attachments are made from 3 mm sheet steel. When sharpening the edges of the nozzles, it should be noted that when the drill mechanism is rotated, they must cut into the soil clockwise.
Drilling technology familiar to most owners personal plots, applicable for the construction of a well under water
The tower is installed above the drilling site, its height must exceed the height of the drill rod in order to facilitate the removal of the rod when lifting. Then, a guide recess for the drill is dug on two bayonets of the shovel. The first turns of rotation of the drill can be performed by one person, but as the pipe sinks, additional help will be required. If the drill does not come out the first time, turn it counterclockwise and try again.
As the drill goes deeper, the rotation of the pipe becomes more difficult. Softening the soil with water will help facilitate the work. In the course of moving the drill down every half meter, the drilling structure should be brought to the surface and freed from the soil. The drilling cycle is repeated again. At the stage when the tool handle is level with the ground, the structure is built up with an additional knee.
Since it takes a significant part of the time to lift and clean the drill, you should make the most of the design, capturing and extracting the maximum possible portion of the soil layer to the surface.
When working on loose soils, casing pipes should be additionally installed in the well, which prevent soil from shedding from the walls of the hole and blocking the well
Drilling continues until it enters the aquifer, which is easily determined by the state of the excavated land. Passing the aquifer, the drill plunges even deeper until it reaches the next aquifer - the impervious layer. Immersion to the level of the water-resistant layer will ensure the maximum inflow of water into the well. It is important to note that manual drilling is applicable only for diving to the first aquifer, the depth of which does not exceed 10-20 meters.
For pumping dirty water You can use a hand pump or a submersible type pump. After two or three buckets of dirty water, the aquifer is washed out and usually appears pure water. If this does not happen, the well should be deepened by another 1-2 meters.
You can also apply manual way drilling based on usage conventional drill and hydropumps:
The essence of this method, how to make a water well with your own hands, is that the rock is broken using a driving glass - a heavy tool falling from the height of an equipped tower.
To perform the work, a home-made drilling rig is required, as well as tools for using the shock-rope method and extracting soil from the well.
The well tower, which looks like an ordinary tripod, can be made of both steel pipes and ordinary wooden logs. The dimensions of the structure must be proportional to the dimensions of the downhole tool.
The optimal ratio is the height of the tower, which exceeds the length of the bottomhole glass by one and a half meters
The process consists in alternately lowering the driving glass, which breaks and captures the rock, and lifting to the surface with the trapped drilling tool blade.
To equip the drilling rig, you can use a steel pipe, the end of which is equipped with a cutting device. Cutting edge reminiscent of appearance half a turn of the auger, will be in direct contact with the bottom. A hole must be made in the steel pipe half a meter from the edge, through which the mined soil can be removed, emptying the drill glass. A cable is attached to the top of the glass, with the help of which the glass will be lowered and its contents will be retrieved to the surface. The glass should be freed from the ground as the structure is deepened for every half meter.
Here is a video example of exploration drilling in this way:
A do-it-yourself dug well under water requires additional casing, which can be made both from a single asbestos-cement pipe, and from individual cuts of asbestos pipes. When working with cuts Special attention is given equal pipe diameter in order to ensure subsequent unhindered immersion of the entire structure. Each pipe link is kept from slipping and secured with staples, which are then hidden under stainless steel strips.
A do-it-yourself water well can also be “cased” with steel or plastic pipes
"Casting" of the pipe is necessary:
A pipe is lowered to the bottom of the well with a filter made of a fine mesh that does not allow grains of sand to pass through and provides water filtration. The pipe lowered to the required depth is fixed with a clamp. This will prevent spontaneous subsidence.
With a competent arrangement of a well for water, the above-ground part of the structure is covered with a caisson - a head that protects the source from pollution.
The head is a tank with a closing hatch with a hole diameter that allows you to freely access the water well
Over time, the effect of a slight "squeezing" of the pipe out of the soil can be observed. natural process spontaneous lifting of the pipe to the soil surface does not require additional measures for deepening.
Driving a pipe into the ground is one of the main stages of drilling a well on a site. If you want to save money and do without the involvement of specialists (professional drilling of a well costs about a thousand dollars), then you can use the recommendations below, which are understandable even to those who do not have any knowledge in the field of drilling.
It is worth pointing out right away that this method good only if the soil on the site is soft. Then it is quite possible to drill a water well on your own. But on a site with hard soils, the help of specialists and the availability of appropriate equipment are simply necessary. For independent work, electricity and a little preparation will be required.
First of all, you need to purchase pipes.
Their diameter should be about 5-7 centimeters, and the length - 1.5-2 meters. You need to buy eight segments with such parameters (no more). At the ends of the purchased pipes, threads are cut and bushings are bought to connect the pieces of the system into a single whole. In addition, you will need a steel bar (several pieces 20-30 mm in diameter and 2-2.5 meters long).
Separate pieces of a rod made of steel must also be threaded at the ends and connecting sleeves. It is also worth purchasing a steel cone, the diameter of which should not exceed the diameter of the pipe. To this cone it is necessary to weld a part of the pipe with specially cut longitudinal slots. The slots should be wrapped with a mesh - this will be such a kind of filter.
Now the clogging of the pipe begins. Ready product with a cone and holes can be driven in using two steel rods interconnected. They are lowered inside the pipe until they rest against the cone, and then they begin to sharply raise and lower. The impact cone will go deep into the ground.
When the filter is almost completely hidden underground, its threaded part must be wrapped with tow, put on the sleeve and attach another piece of pipe. If the rod becomes too short, it is also increased with the help of appropriate bushings. On average, the pipe should be driven in to a depth of three to six meters.
Having hammered the pipe to the required depth, it is necessary to check whether the aquifer has been reached. To do this, pour a bucket of water directly into the pipe. If it does not go deep, then the clogging continues. Then again pour a bucket of water.
When the poured water leaves quickly, it means that you have reached the middle of the aquifer. Now you need to get a steel bar. It can jam, therefore, to release it, it is necessary to hit the rod with a hammer in the direction from the side to the top.
In order to check the quality of the water, you need to pull out the rod, screw the fitting with the pump onto the well and pump out 2-3 buckets of water. In most cases, after this going good water. Experts recommend not being limited to 20-30 liters, but pumping out 200-300 liters.
Then clean water is collected in a kettle or other container and boiled. If, after boiling, it becomes cloudy, reddish, or sediment falls to the bottom, then it makes sense to deepen the well by another meter. However, it should be borne in mind that this well - due to pipes of small diameter - will not be able to give out very a large number of water in a short time. Therefore, if the site is large enough, you may have to make a couple more of these wells.
As a rule, the greatest number of questions arises during the installation of the pipe. So let's take a closer look at this issue.
There is no single answer to the question of how to clog a water pipe. It all depends on the possibilities, the materials at hand, and your imagination. In addition to the steel bar drilling method described above, most often used to install the base of the well any load weighing from ten to thirty kilograms having holes for a handle and a special nozzle. For example, it is possible to clog a pipe with a glass from the buffer of a railway car, if it is additionally equipped with handles.
As a stop, you can use a disk or plate with a conical hole that exceeds 6 - 10 mm. Additionally, cones are machined for emphasis, which are subsequently put on the pipe.
Cones are attached to the pipe (more than a meter from the ground), an emphasis is placed on top of them, and a load is already placed on the emphasis. Hitting the stop of the cone, the load first securely fixes the stop, and then begins to gradually deepen the pipe into the ground. When the cone reaches ground level, the emphasis is moved higher.
The place for drilling a well is chosen depending on the relief. As a rule, such a water supply system functions best at the lowest point of the site. If the relief is even, then work begins at the location of any container or artificial reservoir.
How to drill a well with your own hands? Overview of three drilling methods
If you have made a deliberate decision to secure your suburban area water, it is best to use wells. Wells can be drilled on your own and if you intend to do this, then this article will come in handy. But better installation water supply systems should be entrusted to specialists, because it requires considerable experience and knowledge.
To begin with, we must choose the right place for the future well, as well as so that it is as efficient as possible. We need to determine if the site has a shallow aquifer, for which there are certain signs.
Signs of a shallow aquifer present on the site
If at least one of these signs has been noticed, then you can safely proceed to drilling the well. These are all, of course, signs of more folk, more effective way identifying deep waters is a geological survey.
Folk "method of detecting deep waters
We’ll make a reservation right away that not all tools can be made with your own hands, some of them will have to be bought. If we manage to make, for example, a drill, then its quality will be doubtful, because standard factory drills are made of high-strength hardened steel.
At work we will need:
The drilling rig is a kind of tripod that you can assemble with your own hands from thick logs Ø15 centimeters. Between two of them we attach a winch, to which we hang the drill column with a rope. The column is a structure of rods interconnected by couplings and threads. There should be 6 rods in total, their length is from 1.5 to 3 meters.
The boards will be useful to us so that the walls of the pit do not crumble (we will talk later what it is). Drill heads are various kinds and are applied depending on the type of soil. Much depends on this type, up to the method of drilling a well.
Drill heads are of the following types:
We have selected the tools, we proceed directly to drilling.
The percussion-rope method of drilling consists of the following stages.
Stage 1. Pre-instruction. Before starting work, we must understand that the optimal depth of the well is 7-10 meters. You can drill no more than 20 meters on your own, if the groundwater is at a greater depth, then specialists must definitely do the drilling.
Important! It is impossible to drill a well on your own in any case, since at least two assistants will be needed for this.
Stage 2. Align the pit (rectangular "box") in the place where the well will be located. The dimensions of the pit should be 2x1.5x1.5 m, and it is needed so that unstable upper layers of soil do not crumble. We take the boards and make the lining of the walls of the pit.
Stage 3. We mount the tripod at the drilling site. We securely fasten it, then we place the drill column in the hole and turn the rod. The drilling process has begun. Every 60-70 centimeters we clean the column from adhering earth.
Stage 4. When we reach the aquifer, the drill column should be pulled out, and the filter should be lowered instead. We will definitely use the filter, otherwise the water pump will quickly become unusable. The voids formed between the walls of the well and the filter are covered with sand. Then we install pipes through which water will rise, and dismantle the walls of the pit. We fill up the well.
Stage 5. We install a water pump, which will be the "core" of the entire well. Outwardly, it will not look very attractive, so it is advisable to decorate it with some kind of decorative element, for example, a canopy.
In this way, we can drill a well up to 20 meters. Water located at such a depth has repeatedly passed through natural filtration, it will be clean and soft.
The well filter is the same important detail like a pump. There are the following types of filters:
During operation, it is desirable to fill the filter with gravel, which will prevent dirt from entering the pipeline. When choosing a filter, we must pay attention to the following parameters:
Options for arranging pipes for water lifting
This method is perfect if the depth ground water does not exceed 10 meters. It is no less effective than the previous one.
Stage 1. We dig a hole 1.5 meters deep in order to remove loose and unstable upper layers of soil. The area of such a pit should be approximately 1 square meter. We upholster its walls with boards so that it is convenient to work.
Stage 2. We take a steel pipe and cut one end of it with teeth, like on a hacksaw. We unbend the teeth in different sides. At the other end, we make a thread for connecting to pipes. Next, using clamps, we equip the pipe with handles so that you can hold it vertically. On the remaining pipes, we also make threads, but on both sides. Each pipe should be approximately 3 meters long.
Stage 3. We take a pre-prepared container of at least two hundred liters filled with water, a medium power water pump, as well as a hose that will reach the bottom of the pit. All pipes should have Ø12 cm, more if possible.
Important! This procedure is also not overpowered, you must have at least one assistant.
Stage 4. We insert the pipe into the pit to the maximum possible depth. We turn on the pump. The pressure of the water will erode the soil under the pipe, and it will gradually sink. It is desirable to constantly rotate the pipe at the same time.
Stage 5. The water will overflow from the pipe, but it can be reused by straining through a sieve. When the pipe is completely deep, we attach the next one to it and continue to work until the aquifer is reached. Then we remove the boards and bury the hole, and attach a cover to the end of the pipe, which will prevent debris from entering the system.
This is the easiest way to drill a well, but there are others.
If water is needed, for example, for watering a garden, then a well for this can be made using a conventional hand drill. The only condition is that the upper water table must be a maximum of three meters from the surface. If the length of the hand drill is not enough, then we increase it with reinforcing bars or small metal pipes. How to install f , you can read in our article.
We pass through the hardest layers of the earth with an additional load that clings to the handle of the drill. So the load on the hands will be less.
Important! The water extracted from such wells is not suitable for drinking, since it did not pass natural filtration!
If branches or roots come across during drilling, then we cut them down with an ax, previously attached to a long iron bar. After about two meters, wet sand will start to come across, so every 10 centimeters the drill will have to be pulled out for cleaning, otherwise we may break the device.
When the sand takes on a bluish tint, it will mean that we are almost there. When the first water appears, the drill can no longer be used, because it will no longer give anything - the liquid soil will not hold on to the blades. We just need to insert casing pipe – shallow well ready!
To lift the water, we will use a conventional electric pump.
Production drills are striking in their scale, which is why the very idea of drilling a well with our own hands seems stupid and impracticable to us. But those of you who have read the article already know that this is, to put it mildly, an exaggeration. All we need is a drilling tool, Additional materials, a bit of skill and, of course, patience.
