Some building materials from which walls are erected immediately imply the need for exterior finishing of the house: the resulting picture is very unsightly. Others may lose their appeal over time. And the third case is extensive crack formation, which is “treated”, but the results remain visible. In all these cases, the question arises: “How to sheathe the outside of the house.” Moreover, most often it is necessary to “sheathe” - without using mortar or other similar means that require large quantity money and time. I want to do everything quickly and, very preferably, inexpensively, and, if possible, with my own hands. Oddly enough, there is a choice of materials and technologies, and a considerable one.
When selecting materials for cladding a house from the street, be sure to remember that in order to maintain normal humidity in the rooms, the vapor permeability of the materials must decrease from inside the room to the outside. That is exterior decoration should conduct steam better than the wall material. Then the increased humidity, which is typical for our homes, will be removed through the walls naturally (explanations in the photo).
If this principle is violated, moisture will accumulate at the interface of materials with different vapor permeability. It condenses, creating conditions for rotting and the development of fungi and mold. IN winter time freezes, destroying the wall material and/or finishing. Sooner or later such a system will have to be dismantled and rebuilt.
The trouble is that only wood meets this requirement. Most other materials for exterior decoration of a house have low vapor permeability. The problem is solved in two ways:
Today the second option is becoming increasingly popular. Very effective thermal insulation materials, allowing you to significantly reduce heating costs. But they have very low vapor permeability(expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foam). When using them, only the second humidity control scheme is possible. When choosing what to cover your house with, consider these points.
Wood has been used in construction and decoration for centuries, and it seems that it will be relevant for a long time. All thanks to its excellent appearance and ability to regulate indoor humidity. This is perhaps the only material that will remove excess moisture without problems, regardless of what material the walls are made of.
Wooden cladding can have a completely non-standard appearance: different colors and sizes, different direction. It's simple, but the effect is amazing
The most popular materials for wall cladding are block house and imitation timber. There is also lining for exterior finishing - it is thicker than what is intended for it, but otherwise it is no different.
The block house imitates the surface of a rounded log - the front part has a rounded shape. Imitation timber is very similar to planed timber. Both types of cladding are attached to the sheathing, then sanded and coated with protective impregnations, and optionally varnished or painted.
What does lumber look like? external cladding Houses
If you can’t decide how to cover the outside of a foam block house, consider the option wood cladding. In this case, lathing (metal or wood) is nailed to the walls. If necessary, insulation is placed between the slats - basalt wool(foam or polystyrene foam cannot be used) and then the wood sheathing is nailed on.
This building is sheathed with imitation timber. Under the skin there can be brick, log frame, frame or any of the building blocks
If you need the most cheap option, for most regions of Russia this is an ordinary planed board. Its thickness is from 40 mm, it is stuffed in the same way as a lining or block house onto the sheathing, the lower end of the upper board extends 10-20 mm onto the one located underneath it. It turns out the principle of the cone. So you can veneer it cheaply country house or even residential. With proper processing, such cladding has a very good appearance.
How to cheaply cover the outside of a house? For middle zone Russia - wooden planed board
The disadvantages of such finishing are the same as with any wood: it can be damaged by pests, rot, without proper care it quickly loses its decorative effect, becomes dark and ugly. If you want to cover your house and not think about it for years, this is not your choice. Behind wood paneling maintenance is required, and, most often, annually.
In some regions, boards and other lumber are far from the most available materials. In this case, it’s cheaper. This is the option when, having completed the finishing once, you can forget about it for a long time.
If you are thinking about how to decorate the outside of a timber house, perhaps your option is siding
Since the sheathing is nailed onto the sheathing, the façade is ventilated. If you need to inexpensively finish wooden walls(made of timber, logs, panels) siding is one of the options. It can also be used for buildings made of any other material: foam block, aerated concrete, slag-filled concrete, etc. This cladding is universal.
Siding is made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and is therefore also called vinyl. It consists of strips of material 205 and 255 mm wide, 1.1 mm and 1.2 mm thick. The longitudinal edges have a lock on one side and perforation for fasteners on the other (self-tapping screws are more often used).
The siding is also attached to the sheathing. It is recommended to use a special metal one, but impregnated ones are quite suitable. wooden blocks. Only standard starting and side stripes will be required. The only caveat: the screws need to be “undertightened” a little, leaving some play in order to compensate for temperature changes in the materials. With this installation, the siding will not crack due to stress.
The advantages of this material for external cladding at home: low prices, easy installation.
Flaw vinyl siding: it fades quickly in the sun, so it is advisable to use soft colors. Has quite a wide temperature regime operation: from +50°C to -35°C, but even in slight frosts it becomes brittle and easily damaged.
One more point: houses covered with siding and having a broken configuration look good. If the building is rectangular, without architectural frills, it does not have the most attractive appearance (as evidenced by the photo below).
If the building is simply long, without reliefs or protrusions, covering the walls with sading will not embellish it very much
Metal siding consists of strips of thin aluminum or galvanized steel, onto which a protective and decorative coating is applied. It has the same fastening system as vinyl.
House cladding metal siding simple: you can do it yourself even without much construction experience
The coating can be made of polymers. It is distinguished by its reliability, resistance to burnout and other climatic factors. Its disadvantage is the limited choice of colors. Second coverage option - powder coating. The color range is much wider, the paint lasts for years without signs of peeling.
If you are looking for something to clad the outside of your home for a durable and bright finish, one of the metal siding options may be right for you. It can be bent, it is very difficult to break, installation is not very difficult: you need good metal scissors, self-tapping screws, a screwdriver or a screwdriver. All installation features are the same as for vinyl, with the only difference being that metal can be installed at sub-zero temperatures.
It is not easy to harmoniously decorate a building covered with metal siding
From the point of view of durability, this is a good option, but from the point of view of aesthetics, it is difficult to work with: it looks too “manufactured”. The building no longer resembles a residential building, but rather a warehouse or some kind of workshop.
This is one of the varieties of vinyl siding, but it has a completely different configuration, appearance and greater panel thickness. It was developed specifically for decorating and protecting the plinths of buildings, but I liked it so much that it began to be used for cladding facades. Exterior design - under brickwork different types and colors, with or without patterns, wild stone. Sometimes the imitation is so successful that you can understand that it is not brick cladding, but vinyl, only by touching the wall.
It is mounted, like other types, on the sheathing, there are perforations and locks. The difference is that the basement siding panel does not look like a long rectangle, but a certain section of the wall with curly edges. These curly edges are used to join. Accordingly, the sheathing must be adjusted to the size of the fragment. When installing, first the edge of the panel is inserted into the already installed lock, a match is achieved, and then secured. The main thing is that during installation, do not overtighten the screws, leaving the siding room to move with temperature changes.
The sheathing can be made of treated wooden blocks (with protective impregnation) or from plasterboard profiles (galvanized). How to mount basement siding Look at the base in the video. It is mounted on the wall in the same way. The difference is in area.
Relatively recently appeared on our market new cladding: fiber cement boards and siding made of the same material. They consist of wood fiber, quartz, mica, cement, and may contain chlorine and asbestos (some materials used only for exterior decoration). This mixture is formed into sheets, then dehydrated in several stages, and fired using some technologies. Then a protective and decorative coating is applied to the surface:
The coating can be smooth - glossy or matte, or can imitate brickwork, wood and other finishing materials. It is installed on guide mounting strips and secured to the wall with clamps. This material may suit you if you don’t know what to cover frame house outside: it creates a continuous surface, the panel joints are sealed and precipitation will not get inside.
This house is also lined with fiber cement slabs
Watch the video to see how to attach fiber cement boards.
Fiber cement siding is produced using the same technology, only it is molded into long strips. They are basically standard: 3600*190*12 mm. This material is cut with a jigsaw, installed on a wooden sheathing with an overlap (like a cone) and nailed to it or screwed with self-tapping screws.
Thermal panels are a material that performs two functions at once - cladding and external insulation of houses. A layer of thermal insulation is applied to the thermal insulation layer at the factory. decorative covering. It looks like marble or a natural stone, does not burn, has low water absorption characteristics.
Do this finishing material based on foam plastic, mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. Depending on the type of insulation, the installation method is selected: polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam are glued to the appropriate composition. The joints are closed with a special aluminum strip or rubbed with paste.
Based on mineral wool, they are mounted only on a special system of profiles; the joints are also sealed.
A very attractive idea is to immediately insulate the house and cladding it. Excellent appearance, and the characteristics of this cladding are impressive. It’s just a pity that there is little operating experience and no reviews yet: it appeared only recently.
There are also clinker thermal panels. Clinker tiles are glued to the insulation. The material is not cheap, but the characteristics are impressive, as is the variety of finishes.
Another option for thermal panels is with clinker tiles
The choice of materials that can be used to cover a house at any time - winter or summer - is considerable. There are expensive options, and there are cheaper ones. In any case, in addition to cost, be sure to consider vapor permeability. Then you won’t have to deal with mold and dampness.
In terms of material consumption, time and money, plastering and putty operations take largest share V finishing works. Their total sometimes reaches a third of the entire interior decoration. Even in newly built houses, the levels of curvature of floors, corners and walls are quite high, not to mention standard buildings. Therefore, it is impossible to properly install or stick without leveling the walls. Accordingly, the cost of repairs increases significantly.
Construction and renovation companies offer detailed plan carrying out work, which includes finishing. Each organization has its own gradations, but there are, as a rule, some common points. Usually this is either a simple finish, improved (removing paint right down to the concrete, leveling surfaces) and high-quality (which involves applying primer in several layers, using a different type of material for each layer, etc.).
Away from such technologies are adobe houses, which represent special kind environmentally friendly housing from natural materials. In our article we will talk about interior decoration adobe walls. Adobe houses are often covered with thatch, and the decoration should not violate the concept of natural, clean home. Therefore, the walls of such buildings are either left purely adobe, or plastered, or covered with colored clay.
If the house is made of adobe, but the owner wants to give it more modern look, then the roof is covered with any type of tile or other roofing materials, and when carrying out external walls are used facade materials.
Can be taxed adobe house facing bricks, sheath facade tiles, thermal panels, siding, etc. Panel facade materials are mounted on profiles, stone or brickwork is made with a small gap from the wall (a ventilated gap is required). In order for adobe walls to breathe, this natural ventilation must not be disturbed. Otherwise, the natural microclimate in the house will worsen, and the adobe itself will become damp and lose its strength.
The best option is to cover the adobe house with bitumen or metal tiles, and the outer walls with decorative plaster. This is quite acceptable both in price and quality, a kind of compromise between old technology And modern materials.
An article has already been posted on the Vedrussa website telling how we built an adobe house measuring 10x10 meters. In the photographs the house is not finished on the outside. It must be said that he is still in this state. But this year we would like to do external finishing adobe walls. I think that my readers will be interested in the question of what exactly can be used to decorate the walls adobe house outside.
We have heard a lot of advice during this time. Most of all there were words about the fact that the house needs to be lined with bricks. True, the advisers immediately began to groan that it was terribly expensive (wow - 80 square meters bricks are needed, not counting the gables) and they said that finishing the facade with siding would be cheaper. But we immediately rejected this option, because we are trying to build an environmentally friendly house, so the plastic that makes up the siding has no place in our construction. After all the ordeal and search for an acceptable option, we settled on two possibilities:
1. Plaster and whitewash the walls using lime. The result will be an ordinary Ukrainian hut with white walls, which must be whitewashed again every year. The good thing about this option is that it requires very little money.
2. Plaster the walls with a special compound using gypsum and then paint with facade paint. This method is more expensive, but it has more advantages - when choosing correct composition plaster and paint ensure environmental safety; plaster and paint are lighter than in the case of lime composition, you can choose any color of paint that does not need to be updated every year.
Personally, I have been dreaming of a light green house for many years, so we will most likely settle on the option with paint. If you also want to make colored walls, then you need to know some points related to paint. Facade paints are divided into three types - acrylic butadiene styrene and PVA. In our case, you can only choose acrylic paints, since only they meet all the requirements of adobe for facade paint. They breathe (they allow moisture to pass from the adobe, but not to the adobe), are not susceptible to precipitation and do not fade in the sun.
It is important to remember one thing - finishing of adobe walls should be done at least in the third year of their existence, and better - in the fourth. By this time, the adobe will completely dry, shrink, and determine the optimal humidity and condition. If you do the finishing earlier, there is a risk that it will have to be redone soon.
If you decide to choose lime mixtures, there are also some tips here. First and most important, slaked lime diluted with water should not be exposed to freezing. If it freezes, then your plaster and whitewash will fall off the walls in flakes of beautiful snow. It is better to add finely chopped straw to the plaster, as well as fermented manure - then it sticks well to the walls and is easier to apply. Fermentation of manure is carried out as follows - manure and clay are poured in half with water until a thick “sour cream” is formed and left for three days in a warm place (preferably outside). After this time, the mixture ceases to smell unpleasant, all microbes are processed in it and it becomes suitable for making plaster. Do not apply plaster on external walls in the hot season - this work is best done in spring or autumn.
Adobe is an environmentally friendly material made from a mixture of clay, straw, sand and water. Houses built from adobe are a real masterpiece, capable of standing and providing comfort to those living in it for hundreds of years.
However, as you might guess, these buildings require a special approach to finishing, so next we will look at how and with what to plaster adobe walls.
Adobe houses have a number of advantages, among which, in addition to durability, are: favorable microclimate indoors. Such a house is cool in summer and warm in winter. In addition, this construction option is perhaps the cheapest.
Therefore, adobe houses in Europe are becoming more and more popular every day. However, many people reject the idea of such a building because they have no idea how to “tidy up” the walls.
In fact, there is nothing complicated about this, the main thing is to preserve the concept of an eco-friendly house, its main advantages and at the same time take into account some of the nuances of adobe walls.
As you know, adobe buildings do not tolerate moisture well, so the finishing must first of all be moisture resistant. However, it should be said right away that traditional cement plaster is absolutely not suitable for these purposes. The fact is that such a coating has a high heat capacity, good thermal conductivity and poor vapor permeability.
As a result, moisture seeps from inside the house through, after which it flows down. In the best case, such plaster of an adobe house will begin to crumble in a few years, in the worst case, this will lead to complete destruction of the walls, which can happen in a warm climate.
It is best to use a lime-based finish as a binder. This composition is easy to make with your own hands from lime and sand in a ratio of 1:5. It is perfect for thick, rough layers of plaster. For the mixture in a ratio of 1:1.
If the walls of the house are uneven, then to level them you can use a solution with a small admixture of straw, manure or sawdust. This will strengthen the overall mass, and thereby avoid the need to use plaster mesh. The fact is that the mesh is secured with long nails that destroy the walls.
Advice!
For internal plastering For an adobe house, you can use a gypsum-based mixture.
In the photo - shingles
Before plastering the adobe wall, it is necessary to prepare it:
Advice!
If plastering adobe walls is done using this method, then the wooden slats must be treated with an antibacterial compound before installation.
Once the walls are prepared, you can begin applying the coating.
Instructions for performing this work are as follows:
Before we begin to consider the area of use of adobe, it is necessary to define what this material is. So, adobe is ecological pure material. It is made from a mixture of straw, clay and sand. All this is diluted with water. It has long been known that buildings made of adobe are very durable and of high quality. And thanks to its many advantages, residents receive a comfortable stay, coziness and warmth. But in order to get the long-awaited and desired result, it is worth carefully studying all the nuances when using adobe.
Every person who plans to make renovations should know that houses made of adobe, in addition to being very durable, have some other advantages. First of all, you will find real comfort in the room. Indeed, thanks to its properties, the house will be cool in the summer and very warm in the winter. Adobe accumulates solar heat and energy during the day and releases it to the room at night.
We should also not forget about the low cost of such building material. Among the entire existing range, adobe is perhaps the most budget-friendly. For residents of many countries, including Europe, this is an important factor.
Of course, for many people it is somewhat unclear how to truly make quality house, which can serve its residents for a long time. But thanks to a few tips on using adobe, you can achieve excellent results.
Using plaster
In order for adobe walls to maintain their durability and strength, you need to carefully select the plaster. It has long been known that adobe is not very resistant to moisture. Under the influence of dampness, rain, high humidity, the walls lose their shape, swell, and with waterproof plaster you will extend the life of your home.
But be sure to remember that you should not use cement plaster. This material is vapor-tight, so the walls will not be able to “breathe”, moisture will not be able to evaporate, but will be retained inside. As a result, the liquid will begin to flow down the inner surface cement and this will adversely affect the durability of the house.
As practice shows, the most suitable binder for adobe is a solution of lime and sand. It is very easy to prepare if you know the correct consistency. The ratio of lime and sand should be 1 to 5. If you have a very thick layer of plaster, then this mixture is perfect. As finishing It is worth using the same solution of lime and sand, but in a different ratio - 1:1.
To level the walls and eliminate all imperfections and recesses, you can use a special solution, to which it is customary to add straw or sawdust. This procedure will not only eliminate unevenness in the room, but also strengthen the walls and extend the service life of the coating. Also, you will not need to use a plaster mesh.
As for using plaster indoors, you can use a gypsum-based mixture.
Preparation for plastering
To perform high-quality work, you must know what actions should be taken for a good result.
First of all, adobe walls must be coated several times with a primer, which tends to penetrate deeply inside. This will protect the walls from microorganisms and strengthen them. And also, with the help of a primer, the plaster adheres better to the walls.
Next, it is recommended to apply shingles to the adobe walls. She is subtle wooden planks, which are nailed at a short distance from each other (approximately 5mm). In this case, the first layer of shingles should be located at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the horizontal. The second layer is nailed perpendicular to the first, at the same distance of one plank from the next one. But it is worth noting that the procedure is quite labor-intensive and not always feasible. Therefore, shingles are not always applied.
Plastering
Having carefully prepared the walls, you can begin to plaster them. Initially, a solution of sand and lime should be applied to the entire surface. We mentioned above how to do it correctly.
The next step is to apply the plaster itself. The first layer should be no thinner than 1 centimeter. In this case, the plaster should be applied as evenly as possible. To do this, it is necessary to apply sketches construction material on the wall. Next, you need to give the coating time to dry, but be sure to make sure that it is still quite soft and pliable. Then you should use a wooden object, for example a grater, to level it.
Next you need to apply a second layer of plaster of the same thickness. First, the first layer must be moistened with water and you can proceed to the second application. Depending on the result you want to get, you can even out the coating when finished. If, on the contrary, you want to maintain naturalness, natural unevenness and roughness, then you can not touch the plaster and let it harden in the form in which you applied it.
The final step is to apply decorative plaster. It is made from sand and lime. You can add paint to this solution and give the walls the desired shade. But you should remember that you need to choose high-quality dyes that will maintain color, brightness and saturation for a long time.
Let us remind you once again about why it is worth using adobe as a covering for your home. Despite the fact that you will have to spend a lot of effort and time to create a home, as a result you will receive a high-quality home that is environmentally friendly pure product for enough low price. And it will be pleasant for you to stay in it both in winter and in summer, despite the extreme heat, frost or wind.
