IN Lately In construction, drawings of wooden stairs to the second floor have become especially in demand due to the excitement around houses of two, three or more floors. Making one of these stairs yourself is quite a feasible task for people who know the basics of woodworking and construction. Below we will analyze all kinds of stairs, learn how to correctly calculate and build a flight of stairs to the second floor.
With the spread of fashion for houses with several floors, the question arose about the advisability of building stairs to the upper floors. The fact is that there are many types and variations of stairs, both made of wood and other materials. Moreover, each of them has its own characteristics and is installed based on the size of the room, capabilities and preferences of the owner.
Stairs come in the following types:
It is also necessary that the structures meet all requirements, where the main ones are that the stairs must be comfortable and safe. It should be easy to climb, even while holding a variety of heavy things.
Therefore, the most comfortable option is to build a flight of stairs, but there is one drawback: such a design takes up a lot of space.
It can be compensated by building it under the stairs extra room as a chest of drawers or wardrobe. Spiral types take up very little space, but the design of such a staircase is complex, and it is not possible to drag large, heavy objects (such as furniture or home appliances) along it to the second floor.
In addition to those mentioned, there are a number of requirements for them, namely:
Let's now move on to calculations and construction.
Before any work related to construction, the first step is to make the necessary measurements and calculations. Having all the data for construction in hand, you need to draw drawings that depict approximate view structure and dimensions of all its components. The staircase is no exception, so for its construction it is necessary to take measurements. Let's take the marching one as a basis.
First you need to find out the dimensions of the space, the number of steps and the width of the span. All calculations are performed as follows:
All data obtained must be taken into account when constructing the drawing. Sample drawing wooden stairs can be seen in photo No. 1, and photo No. 2 shows an auxiliary table that will simplify the calculations.
Photo No. 1 
Photo No. 2 To build, you first need to prepare the following materials:
Tools you will need a circular saw and a screwdriver. First, the stringers are cut out (photo No. 3). Next, the steps, risers and treads are cut.
Photo No. 3 You can cut handrails, balusters or railings yourself, but this process requires special woodworking skills, so it is better to purchase ready-made ones.
When starting installation, spaces for stringers are cut out in the floor beams, and a support beam is installed on the floor for them. The stringers are installed very carefully, you constantly need to check the distance between them and the level, then everything is fastened with anchor bolts. Using a screwdriver and screws, immediately screw in the risers, then the steps and treads.
Then you can begin installing the balusters. To do this, support posts are installed below, on the floor of the first floor and at the very top of the stairs to mark the boundaries and further placed along the entire length of the stairs. Handrails are installed on top of the balusters.
All material is carefully polished and given correct form and is treated with substances that will protect the wood from rot, moisture and insects. And the final touch is to varnish the stairs. After it has completely dried, the staircase to the second floor is ready for use.
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If you are planning to build a two-story a private house or country house, then at a certain point during construction you will need to take care of the structure staircase design to the second floor. Not everyone can make a staircase with their own hands - for this you need to have certain carpentry skills, some experience, as well as a sufficient amount of free time. Isn't it better to take advantage of the profitable and... offer from our professional company in Moscow. We offer stairs for every taste, color, style and economic capabilities of our clients. And with the current price list and 100 great photos designs you can find in the presented article.
Before you begin to familiarize yourself with the incredible variety of staircase systems from domestic manufacturer in Moscow, let's get acquainted a little with the theory - what kind of stairs actually exist in nature.
So, staircase structures to the second floor are divided into the following types:
Spectacular and compact products, complex in manufacturing method, but with a magnificent appearance. Their main advantage is their small size, allowing the structure to be placed even in a very small area of the room.
Photo 1.This type of staircase structures is the most common and in demand. This is explained by the simplicity of the circuit, reliability, conciseness and relatively low cost.
Photo 2.This type of staircase is a wonderful solution for those who want to combine the advantages of the two types listed above - compactness from a screw design and practicality from a marching system.
Photo 3.Today modern manufacturers offer consumers an incredible number of various staircase systems made from materials such as:
Photo 4. The cost of wooden stairs is also very different, it all depends on the value of the wood. For example, a product made of oak with handmade railings will cost much more than a staircase made of beech or spruce 
Photo 5.
Photo 6.
Photo 7. Forged stairs are grandiose and magnificent. High price such work more than pays off with the incredibly impressive appearance of the product 
Photo 8.
Photo 9. Staircase structures that combine several types of manufacturing materials are a real work of art that can transform your home beyond recognition Our specialized enterprise in Moscow offers its customers modern, safe and beautiful staircase designs for every taste. In the company's assortment you will find a huge number of already finished products, and you can also order a staircase according to an exclusive original design.
Photo 10. Spectacular and high-quality products from the company "Stairs Profi" will fit perfectly into both modern and classic interior The huge and varied catalog of our company includes ready-made stairs at attractive and competitive prices, classified in the following areas:
Photo 11. Modular system fits perfectly into any modern interior
Photo 12. Wooden stairs - stylish, reliable and environmentally friendly 
Photo 13. Stairs for cottages will certainly decorate the interior of your home 
Photo 14.
Photo 15. Order a staircase from us and you will transform your home beyond recognition 
Photo 16.
Photo 17. Staircases decorated with forging are always in trend 
Photo 18. Metal stairs are suitable for stylish country house 
Photo 19.
Photo 20.
Photo 21.
Photo 22.
Photo 23.
Photo 24.
Photo 25.
Photo 26.
Photo 27. There are all sorts of staircases that do not exist in nature - order an exclusive design for yourself
Photo 28. The staircase will create comfort and emphasize the style of your home
Photo 29. Wood is the most universal material for stairs
Photo 30.
Photo 31.
Photo 32. Straight staircase in the style of "minimalism"
Photo 33.
Photo 34. Designer design of the second floor
Photo 35. Cozy wooden staircase for a country house
Photo 36.
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Photo 39.
Photo 40. One of the incredible design solutions
Photo 41. Classic is always in fashion Photo 42. Photo 43. Photo 44. Forged products - grandiose and magnificent
Photo 45. Photo 46. Photo 47. Photo 48. Photo 49.
Photo 50. The price of a stair product depends on many factors - the complexity of the design, the cost of the material, the exclusivity of the design
Photo 51. A staircase with wide steps and a slight bend is absolutely safe to use
Photo 52. Thanks to forged elements, the design looks light and airy
Photo 53.Let's take a closer look at the prices for each of the types of stairs presented by our company, indicating their current prices.
Photo 54. Modular staircase "Duet" with steps made of natural oak
Photo 55. The "Duet" design with beech steps is an economical and effective product for your interior Modular stairs"Elegant" series is an excellent solution for stylish interior at affordable prices presented below:
Photo 56.56 335
rub.
Photo 57.50 390
rub.
Photo 58.51 321
rub.
Photo 59.44 290
rub.
Photo 60."Prestige" with a 180 degree turn - price 47 160
rub.
Photo 61. Direct "Prestige" - 42 748
rub.
Photo 62."Solo" of direct design - a stylish and effective product at an affordable price 70 858
rub.
Photo 63.78 498
rub.
Photo 64. 180 degree rotating design "Modern" - exclusive and fashion design for a reasonable price 125 262
rub.
Photo 65. Staircase with a 90 degree turn, "Modern" series, cost 120 030
rub.
Photo 66. The product "SuperElegant" with a 180 degree rotation has a price 108 277
rub.
Photo 67.113 118
rub.
Photo 68.This type of staircase products will appeal to those who appreciate natural wood, simplicity and reliability of design. The material used for the manufacture of these stairs is environmentally friendly, beautiful and reliable.
Most private housing projects involve a second floor or attic, and here the question arises - how to make a wooden staircase to the second floor. At a quick glance at the illustrations, it seems that only a talented craftsman can master a reliable and aesthetic staircase. But this is quite possible for anyone who has experience working with wood. You can order ready-made balusters and other elements in a carpentry workshop. But it’s much more pleasant to complete all the stages of making the stairs yourself, using the tips in the article.
Construction of a wooden staircase to the second floor of a private house requires skills in using tools, drawing up drawings and preliminary sketches. This is necessary to:
Choose wood as the main material structural material- this is correct both from the point of view of the environmental friendliness of the material and for reasons of practicality. Wood is a pleasure to work with for experienced professionals and novice craftsmen who want to know how to make a wooden staircase to the second floor? But it is important to choose the option that is within your power at this stage, and it is important that it fits harmoniously into the overall design of the house. This is a malleable material that, if present, suitable tool allows you to make a staircase of any shape:
Based on the type of construction, a distinction is made between marching (straight) and spiral (rounded) staircases. Wooden spiral staircases to the second floor are more beautiful, but also more difficult to manufacture structural parts and assemble, so they are quite rare. In general, this is appropriate when limited space, if you place an inclined flight of stairs almost negro, only vertically between the floors. It requires special installation precision and special design details, such as rounded railings.
But we can give an example of a parable about a Chinese master to whom a student came. The old man appreciated the admiration for the beautiful vase and the young man’s desire to master old technology, describing in general terms the features of the craft. But the impatient young man interrupted the master and asked why not make an elegant product, as in the sample, but simpler and faster, using modern technologies. But the wise old man replied that when he was young, there was no technology, only the secrets of craftsmanship, so he studied not from the primitive, but from perfect models.
Of course, today many are trying to use modern methods woodworking, machine tools and convenient power tools. And if no one knew how to make the simplest version of a straight staircase, they would try to master a more complex technological process - wooden stairs to the second floor, photo:
Some complex designs are really not worth taking on, especially if it is an original design from real masters. But they can be used as inspiration, so that you have something to strive for.
For those who are confident in their abilities and are ready to learn good examples, it is better to start with a marching wooden staircase for the second floor. Depending on the area of the room allocated for its design, you can choose not only a straight staircase, but also a rotary staircase. Up to the second floor they usually do:
It is advisable to separate the installation of a wooden staircase to the second floor with more than 10 steps by a landing and a turn, after which it can ascend along the wall at different angles:
Attention: Spiral staircases are structures with limited functionality, since it is difficult to lift heavy furniture and other large loads to the second floor. It cannot be shared by 2 people, and only 1 person can use it at a time. They are suitable when another staircase leads to the second floor.
To make a wooden staircase to the second floor you will need a lot of wood. Structurally, it is a broken plane (steps and risers) with additional limiting elements. They all have their own names.
To make the parts of the staircase in a private house leading to the second floor, use high-quality dry boards or timber, without knots or other defects. Suitable:
Tip: The thickness of the balusters varies, depending on the overall design, but you should not burden the structure of a wooden staircase with too massive railings with wide turned parts. It is much more expedient to order ready-made balusters turned on a machine from a carpentry shop.
A small dictionary:
Attention: To save money, steps are often made narrower than the width of the foot. But if you can climb up the stairs comfortably and without touching your heels, but going down the narrow treads is inconvenient or even dangerous!
There are steps different shapes, and even in one design of a wooden staircase can be successfully combined:
Before you start making a wooden staircase to the second floor of a private house, you definitely need calculations and a drawing.
Attention: The staircase sketch can be developed on a computer using interior design programs for better visualization. Drawings and calculations for the number of steps on a wooden staircase to the second floor are made independently or using specialized architectural programs. Such services can be performed by architects or carpentry workers, as well as companies specializing in the manufacture of stairs. The quality and accuracy of the calculations will be guaranteed, although all calculations can be done independently.
Important: The choice of the design of a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands is based not so much on aesthetic preferences, but on safe and convenient movement. It should be so comfortable that during daily use there should be no discomfort when going up or down.
Let us remind you a little about how to calculate a wooden staircase to the second floor. All calculations of the height and width of the structural parts of the stairs are done in different ways:
The width of the steps depends on the width of the doorway, and if the stairs go from one door to another on the floor above, they are guided by the size of the passage to the second floor. And in order to calculate the number of steps, it is important to take into account their height (including the thickness of the board), divided by the distance from the floor to the top of the second floor. But there are many subtleties that are important to consider, for example, rotating design involves a landing that will replace one step. There may be a wide winder step at the bottom that does not fit into the general calculations.
Tip: Gently wide stairs are considered the most convenient, but they also take up a lot of space. However, under it you can equip a pantry, toilet or niches for working tools and useful items.
The calculation of a comfortable staircase is twice the height of the riser plus the width of the tread (step) and is directly proportional to the average step of a person. At the same time, the step of a person of average height on a straight plane is about 600-640 mm.
Attention: Climbing stairs is calculated using the formula: 2a+b = 600...640 mm.
It is also important to consider that there is sufficient headroom so that you do not have to bend over when there is another flight of stairs above. Calculations begin with measurements of the height between floors and the parameters of the staircase opening, after which you can make drawings of wooden stairs to the second floor:
A greater overhang is made when the width of the steps is forced to increase when the size of the flight is insufficient. Having made all the calculations, you can purchase lumber or order ready-made structural parts. When ordering a project and structural elements from specialized company, make sure that:
Further work will resemble assembly children's construction set. However, if you are wondering how to build a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself, then if you have good tool All the work can be done with your own hands. Perhaps this experience will become your profitable business in the future.
Each staircase option needs its own step-by-step technology. In general terms, it is better to familiarize yourself with this process in the master class. To avoid any incomprehensible moments, watch the video about the wooden staircase to the second floor:
Don't start with stairs complex design, so let’s start our acquaintance with a direct single-flight design. Rough plan works:
Tip: It is most convenient to work with a power tool, and if you do not have one, we recommend renting one. To save on the number of days of skiing, do all the calculations in advance so that you can do it in 1 day. Having returned it, set aside a day for assembly, inviting 1-2 assistants or auxiliary workers.
The stringers are placed parallel, at a place convenient for attaching steps, temporarily fixing wooden slats through 3-4 cuts.
It is more convenient to first install risers, which will add strength wooden structure. And we’re already building on this foundation. stair steps screwdriver.
Attention: Before fixing the staircase parts, it is important to sand all surfaces and remove all irregularities in the cross sections. The rounded and milled edges look beautiful.
The most difficult task remains - to securely fasten this heavy structure to the passage to the 2nd floor. They do it different ways, for example, so that the top of the span is attached to special wooden racks or directly to the floor and ceiling with special parts.
The final stage is securing the handrails with balusters, and attaching the railings to them. After this, the stairs are covered with stain and varnished or painted with enamel. A good addition would be LED lighting.
Attention: Another staircase layout will differ in installation, so use the above as an example. For 2-flight staircases, the platform and supports are first secured, to which the flights are led - photo.
Low-rise construction, if we're talking about about residential buildings, implies the construction of at least two-level buildings. Therefore, to move to the second floor you cannot do without an internal staircase. Purchasing a ready-made kit, firstly, will be quite expensive (at least 35,000 rubles), and secondly, it must be adapted to specific premises before installation, or reconstructed (remodeled). And this means additional costs and time.
In most cases, it is more expedient to make the stairs to the second floor with your own hands, especially since the time frame will be approximately the same. The simplest and inexpensive option- wood construction. This article will explain in detail all the nuances of choosing lumber, drawing up a drawing of a staircase and the features of its assembly.
In relation to a private house, the two most common are spiral staircases and marching staircases. The first option is quite complicated, and it is unlikely that you will be able to implement it yourself without practical skills and experience in this area. You will have to make specific engineering calculations, which means you cannot do without the help of a professional at least at this stage of preparation. Focusing only on diagrams available on the Internet is not entirely correct. They do not take into account the specifics of a particular structure, so they will definitely have to be processed taking into account the specifics of its dimensions, layout and a number of other factors. And the installation of a spiral staircase itself, especially a wooden one, is far from a simple process.
For DIY assembly the optimal solution is a marching wooden staircase. Based on the height of the ground floor room, there can be one or two spans (rotating structure).
But in details, even completely identical stairs can differ greatly. And this is easily explained by the fact that making it yourself involves an element of creativity. Since all private houses differ in many respects (dimensions, ceiling heights, layout, internal content), following any single standard is futile. By the way, the author has already drawn the reader’s attention to this. Therefore further – only general recommendations, which will help you competently draw up a drawing of a wooden staircase, taking into account all the features of the structure, and install it locally.
There are several options for the execution of flight stairs. Their main varieties are shown in the figures below. It is not difficult to decide which modification to choose for installation yourself, knowing all the features of the house and the premises of the first and second floors.
When describing any product or prefabricated structure, one cannot do without special terminology. The following pictures explain well what the main elements of the staircase are called.
When determining this parameter, you should focus on such points. Firstly, will it be convenient to move up the stairs at the same time, towards each other? Secondly, will it be possible to move large loads (furniture, furniture) from floor to floor? household appliances and so on). For a private home recommended width of internal stairs – 130±20.
When calculating this parameter, inexperienced “home craftsmen” are guided by the ceiling of the room on the first floor. This is not true. When drawing up a staircase drawing, not only this parameter is taken into account, but also the total thickness of the ceiling and floor of the second room (together with finishing). That is, the last step should be on the same level as it.
This refers to the distance between the steps and the ceiling of the second floor. It is clear that moving up the stairs, constantly bending your head, is not an option for saving space. Mostly, masters focus on 200. This is enough, since rarely anyone’s height exceeds this value.
The optimal slope is 40±5º. Exceeding this value will make it difficult for elderly people, small children, and those whose physical capabilities are limited for some reason to climb to the second floor. But a flatter design also has a number of disadvantages. The consumption of wood increases, and much more space for its installation will be needed. Here you need to choose the most suitable option for a particular home.
What to consider:
This is the last stage of calculations. Initial data – parameters of steps and their number. As practice shows, when independently compiling drawing of a staircase, it often does not fit effective length to the first floor room. How to proceed? There are several options:
Regardless of its design, all basic technological operations are identical. If you understand the nuances of constructing a single-flight staircase, then assembling it according to any other scheme will not be difficult.
Steps. For them, board sections are selected that do not have any defects in the form of chips, cracks, or curvatures. Their recommended thickness, taking into account the expected loads, is 35±5. It is no longer practical, since both material consumption and the total weight of the structure increase. Less is undesirable for safety reasons when moving up stairs (taking into account the loads being carried).
At the stage of preparing the steps, it is necessary to round off the sharp edges of the board fragments to eliminate the risk of injury. In addition, their front surface and the ends must be carefully polished - no chips, burrs, and so on. It will come in handy for you here. The length of the steps is selected depending on the chosen design of the wooden staircase. But their projections beyond the stringers by more than 3 (cm) are undesirable.
Risers. They are not load-bearing elements, and often play only a decorative role. You can save a little on them by using a 10 or 15 board. By the way, some wooden stairs can be assembled without them. Such structures look even more impressive, and, in addition, cleaning the spans is greatly simplified.
Stringers. These are supporting elements for the entire staircase, so lumber for them should be chosen especially carefully. Special attention– equality of all parameters. Both stringers must be like “twin brothers”, otherwise the staircase after assembly will turn out to be asymmetrical, with distortions, curvatures, and so on. The pictures show some options for stringers.
The feasibility of making fencing elements with your own hands is questionable. It’s good if it is possible to process balusters and handrails using machine tools. Otherwise it's better to buy ready-made samples. Taking into account the fact that they (especially in a side view) are what first catch your eye, such costs are completely justified.
Fastening stringers. Fixing the outer one on the wall is only possible if the base is strong enough (a house made of brick, timber, etc.). In other cases, the entire staircase structure is mounted on racks.
To prevent movement of the lower part, a support block is installed on the floor of the first floor. The top of the span is attached to the ceiling itself (you will need to make a cutout in the beam along its width) or “fastened” to it with anchor bolts. The stringers themselves must also be fastened together so that they do not “lead” during the drying process of the wood. For example, like this.
Risers. If it is decided to use them in the staircase design, then they are attached to stringers.
Steps. To avoid mistakes, their installation begins from the bottom of the structure. Side fastenings are on the support beams; if there are risers, then at least at one point (in the center) on them.
Balusters. First, only two are mounted - upper and lower. A cord is stretched between them. Using it as a guide, it is easy to install along the flights of stairs and align all the others.
Fastening handrails. When it comes to wooden stairs, this does not a priori mean that these elements must also be made of wood. Making them from it with your own hands is quite difficult. Here you will need not only experience, but also the appropriate tool. Options for handrails are plastic or metal.
After checking the symmetry of the structure and the reliability of all connections, a number of measures are carried out:
This article is an overview of the most popular types of stairs, and also contains practical advice how to make and calculate stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands. Scheme, calculations, dimensions, and drawings are attached. At the end of each chapter there is a video with a visual display of the construction process.
For ease of reading, the article is divided into several chapters:
For convenience, the article has a navigation panel with which you can go to any item and start reading from the required chapter.
Example of a metal staircase project
The staircase is used for comfortable movement between floors. As a rule, this design is used daily - two-story houses Most often they are built with bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor. From this we can derive the two most important rules when designing a structure - safety and convenience.
Above the shelves Important: Stairs are a source of increased trauma for people of all ages. A fall can have an extremely negative impact on a person’s health, so you should make it as safe as possible. There are several ways to do this that allow you to completely minimize the risks.
First of all, it is necessary to make steps of optimal height and width. It’s easy to trip on steps that are too high, and it’s extremely difficult to walk on narrow ones, so you can easily slip. It is necessary to take this into account when designing, including the size in advance in the project.
In a big house The most optimal height of steps can be considered 150-200mm. This is enough to take a confident step, without fear of stumbling or placing your foot incorrectly. The depth or width must be at least 200mm - this requirement is easy to obtain from middle length human legs.
In addition, every staircase needs railings. They allow you to move with greater comfort and safety - the risk of falling is significantly reduced.
Important: The material must be non-slippery. It is better not to make stairs from tiles or varnished wood - they have a smooth surface that is very inconvenient for movement. If wood is still used, processing is not superfluous sandpaper or upholstering steps with carpet.
Above the sofa Convenience often depends on safety. If the steps are safe, then at the same time they will be comfortable. Of course, sometimes, for the sake of convenience, you can deviate a little from standard sizes– if only a tall person will use them, you can make the height of the steps more than 200mm.
Graph of the relationship between the inclination of the stairs and ease of use The spiral staircase has its own special appearance, due to which it becomes possible to create a design that is completely unlike anything else. Besides, screw design allows you to save a lot of space on both floors, making the room more ergonomic.
Screw In the case of creating a spiral staircase to the second floor, the calculation must begin with the number of steps and their height. Based on what was said in the last chapter, the optimal height between steps is 200mm, and the depth is 200-300mm. But we must take into account that spiral staircases the steps look like expanding cones, therefore their depth must be calculated in a special way.
With central pillar It is better to use mathematical formulas for calculations. First, you need to find out the circumference of the structure. The most convenient way to do this is using the formula 2*3.14*r, where r is the span width. For example, with a span width of 1000 mm, the circumference will be 6280 mm. To get the width of the step with outside, it is enough to divide this distance by the number of steps in one flight. For example, with 10 steps the distance will be 628mm, which will allow you to create a smooth staircase without voids.
Calculation diagram for the screw model The height of the structure is determined by the height of the room, just as when creating a regular staircase. The height between the steps should be optimal - for example, 150-250mm is usually enough. Optimal height It’s better to calculate based on the height of the room. For example, the ceiling height in the room is 2700mm. The steps will be 20mm thick, the floor thickness will be 150mm.
Advice: Calculations must begin with the floor - the floor is the zero step. First, you need to sum up the height of the room and the ceiling, since this is the distance the staircase should go to. IN in this case it is equal to 2850mm. To get the number of steps, you need to divide it by the suitable height of one step with its height - for example, 220mm. The result, rounded up, is 13 steps. The last, 13th step, in this case, will serve as the floor of the second floor.
Graphic construction and dimensions At this stage, it is best to create the project on paper. It is not necessary to make it as accurate as possible in the drawing plan, but even a simple sketch will help to better understand the project.
When calculating the size, it is necessary to start from the most comfortable width of the stairs of 800-1000mm. This is enough to walk even with a large load on your hands, without restricting your movements (unfortunately, large furniture will still have to be lifted through the windows).
Screw model project A spiral staircase is a circle, so the diameter is equal to the addition of the width of the passages and, if the staircase is built with a central support, the size of the support. On average, the diameter of such a structure is 1600-2000mm, which is enough for its convenient use, regardless of its features. More details in the table below
Advice: Very often the size of the stairs depends on the height of the ceiling. For the little one country house there is no point in making a very wide staircase - 700mm will be enough to get to the second floor. For attics, exactly the same rule applies.
This video shows how to make stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands (the diagram and dimensions of the project are attached). The main points of installation are shown, as well as all the features of working with this type of structure.
An ordinary staircase can be built using similar calculations and methods. A do-it-yourself wooden staircase to the second floor in a private house is much simpler to make than a spiral staircase, but takes up relatively more space. Next, we will consider the main points of the calculation and video instructions.
Made of wood In this case, it is necessary to start from the same average values - with a depth of 200-250mm and a height of 200-250mm. The distance must be divided in the same way - calculating from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor.
Calculation example The calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor must take into account the length - it is the addition of the depth of all steps. The more there are, the longer the length itself will be. For an ordinary staircase in a room, on average, 10-12 steps are enough, which in total will be equal to 2000-2500mm with a depth of 200mm and 2500-3000mm with a depth of 250mm.
Design of a staircase with a 90 degree turn Advice: The average width of such a structure should be 800-1000mm. This size should provide complete freedom of action. Therefore, if railings are planned, then there should be additional space for them on the steps.
The opening above the structure should begin from the place where less than 2000-2200 mm remains from the step to the ceiling - this is enough for anyone of any height. You should not make the opening too short - savings in this case can result in inconvenience and additional labor costs.
Designations If you plan to create a turn, then it must be calculated under the same conditions - the only change is the width of the step - steps in the area of the turn are calculated similarly to screw steps, but they can be made with an emphasis on the wall.
This video provides instructions for designing and installing a wooden staircase with a 90-degree turn.
Concrete is excellent material for stairs - it is very durable and allows you to work with any volume. Often for such a design it is enough just to assemble the frame and fill it.
Formwork for concrete structures Important: It should be noted that the creation concrete stairs Do-it-yourself construction on the second floor requires a very large investment - a completely cast structure requires a huge amount of concrete. Most likely you will have to order a full-fledged concrete mixer - the usual manual method The process will take an extremely long time.
Cast design To facilitate this process, the span should be further strengthened in different blocks. A good idea is to create a frame of foam blocks, on which the formwork is subsequently laid. This allows you to get additional space under the structure and use it for household needs.
The video below shows the process of assembling the formwork and pouring it, depicting the main points of the work.
Metal is an extremely flexible and yet durable material. Metal staircase to the second floor with your own hands, unfortunately, is not the most comfortable - it is quite difficult to heat, but the strength will be very high. In addition, a metal staircase takes up little space - this is important for houses with a small total area.
Iron construction Features of the calculation in this case include the fact that the metal stage takes up very little space. Usually its size is 5-10mm, and despite the entire height of the structure, their total volume rarely exceeds 90-100mm.
The calculations are no different from ordinary stairs, but with the difference that it is necessary to take into account the resistance of materials. For design we recommend using metal pipes with a wall thickness of at least 8mm, and for steps - reinforcement no thinner than 7mm. At the same time, with wide steps, thicker options should be used that will not sag under the weight of a person.
Do-it-yourself single-flight iron staircase to the second floor Advice: If the structure is created from square profiles, it is worth selecting them with a cross-section of at least 5 mm - square profiles are much more stable than round ones due to their hard edges. You can work with metal using both welding and fasteners.
The video below shows an example of creating a metal staircase structure, which is subsequently covered with plasterboard. It displays the main points of the work.
This question is purely personal. Despite optimal width span 800-1000mm, given value can vary greatly depending on a person's personal preferences. It must be taken into account that the wider the opening, the more resources will be required.
Width examples different types stairs It is worth setting a separate minimum limit of 500mm - a narrower design will be completely inconvenient to use, and moving some things or furniture along it will be quite problematic. The maximum limit depends solely on the room, but still, you should not make the width more than 2000-2500mm, especially in cases where the staircase is not the main one in the hall.
Scheme of stairs with straight flights 
Angled 90 degrees 
Drawing U-shaped stairs with turntable 
Plan wooden model
Detailed drawing
Calculation 
Simple staircase
With 180 degree rotation 
Straight staircase project 
Direct two-flight
