Commercial activity is impossible without various bureaucratic measures. After registering an individual entrepreneur or legal entity, these business entities are assigned statistical codes and numbers. The entrepreneur is responsible for determining the specifics of his activity and recording it in the form of a digital designation.
Information about coding rules is collected in a document called OKVED.
OKVED- this is nothing more than an “all-Russian classifier of types of economic activity.”
The domestic edition of the directory was created by the Ministry of Economic Development, taking into account the classification rules followed by the European Economic Community. Russian and European encodings are partly the same. Thus, the first four positions of the Russian code are identical to the beginning (4 characters) of the code from the international directory. The following designations represent a breakdown of the types of economic activities characteristic of the Russian Federation.
How is the OKVED code deciphered? What information about the activities of the enterprise does it contain? To understand the principles of coding, you need to look at an example of a single code. Its components indicate the scope of business and inform about the features production process, and also characterize the materials and raw materials involved in production.
So, the OKVED code is deciphered as follows:
01.1 – growing plants;
- 01.2 – raising animals;
- 01.3 – mixed production (growing plants and animals).
01.21 means cattle breeding;
- while at 01.22 - raising small cattle and horse breeding.
01.13.1 (subgroup) – growing grapes;
- 01.13.2 (subgroup) – cultivation of other fruits and nuts;
- 01.13.21 (type) - growing berries and fruits;
- 01.13.22 (view) - growing nuts.
To make the code easier to read, dots are placed between some of its components (in particular, class and subclass, as well as type and subtype).
But why do businessmen need these complex encodings? The fact is that the main function of OKVED is statistical. Russian laws oblige individual entrepreneurs and companies to take part in the generation of statistics. So OKVED is necessary primarily for the state, which, using a classifier, organizes business entities according to their areas of activity for its own convenience.
This simplifies the processes:
When opening his own business, an individual entrepreneur (or the founder of a company) himself determines what type of activity he will engage in and finds its code in the classifier. By the way:
A company can have several types of activities. Their number is not limited, but one of them must be fixed as the main one.
The names of activities and their codes are contained in the company's Charter. They must also be reflected in the application for state registration.
When registering an enterprise, you do not need to strive to record everything in documents possible types his activities. This can be done later. The entrepreneur's task is initial stage– determine which types will be the main ones and assign them codes, and the most suitable ones!
Why is code selection so important?
When wrong choice encoding, the company will be forced to spend more money. However, an entrepreneur who wants to save money is not recommended to choose a more “affordable” (in terms of mandatory deductions) type of activity that he is not actually going to engage in - this is punishable.
To correctly indicate the OKVED code, you need to determine the type of activity of the enterprise and find it in the classifier directory. This is done as follows:
Once selected codes can be changed, deleted or supplemented. But the founder of the enterprise must timely register everything changes made. This is done by updating the version of the Charter (for LLC), which, in turn, is made on the basis of the decision of the participants. Having completed the update, you must submit an application for amendments to () (form No. P14001) to the tax service.
The process of notifying interested authorities about new types of activities differs little from the process of registering an enterprise. The only difference is that in case of notification, the founder is not charged a fee.
To make changes to codes, the following documents will be required:
The Federal Tax Service will register the changes and enter them into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (USRIP). The certificate of registration and a new extract can be collected after 7 working days.
Having received these papers, the individual entrepreneur or the founder of the company submits an application to Rosstat. Later he receives a letter about the assignment of new codes. Without newsletter about registration in the State Statistics Service register (usually called “statistics codes”), it is impossible to open a bank account, so its presence is mandatory for an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity. In addition, “statistics codes” may be required for licensing, participation in tenders, and customs operations. Social insurance relies on this letter when determining the rate of insurance for employees against accidents and occupational diseases. And finally, it is often requested by auditors when conducting an audit.
An entrepreneur must inform the tax authorities about changes in the list of services or specifics of production within three days. Ideally, companies should confirm their activities every year, no later than the first quarter.
It is important for a businessman to remember that the correct determination of the OKVED code is important not only for statistics. In particular, the code affects the amount of tax deductions.
Beginning businessmen are often faced with the need to obtain OKVED, but not everyone knows what it is, what it is for, and how it is correctly deciphered. These and numerous other questions will be discussed in the next article.
The answer to this question lies in the decoding of the abbreviation OKVED - this is an all-Russian classifier of the type of economic activity. In other words, it is a code or statistical information provided by a businessman to the state as an explanation of the direction of business activity. For example, special codes exist for the following types business:
And that is not all. The list with the classification of types of OKVED codes includes about 100 types of economically profitable activities, each of which contains many subparagraphs. Such a large number of codes is made to ensure that the entrepreneur has the opportunity to characterize his activities as accurately as possible.
OKVED is an organization's code that determines the direction of its activities. Typically the codes individual entrepreneurs and organizations do not differ, since there is a single all-Russian classifier. The OKVED code of an organization can be found out not only by those managing the organization, but also by third parties. To do this, it is enough to know either other details. With their help, it is easy to access OKVED, even online on the FMS website.
Registration of documents for a business will not be complete without individual determination of OKVED codes. They are designed to help a novice businessman legally open his own business. For what other purposes is OKVED used?
It is important to remember when individually selecting an OKVED code that many of the activities require additional licensing. If they suit you, you will need to collect a number of documents to finally register your business.
Do OKVED codes affect anything?
It has already been noted why it is necessary to obtain codes. But does the core activity code affect the range of services and, if so, how? Let's look at some of the nuances of this issue:
In addition, the amount of transfers to the social insurance fund for each employee depends on how risky the chosen type of activity is. The more complex and dangerous the activity being carried out, the higher the deductions.
Working with codes can seem very difficult if you don't know their classification. So that decoding does not seem complicated, let us turn to the structure of the activity code according to OKVED:
Typically, classes and subclasses are used. Separate classes are used with the addition of certain letters. As can be seen from the structure, the complete activity code corresponding to one or another profile can contain from 2 to 6 elements (each 2 are separated by dots).
Please also note Special attention Please note that when registering a type of business activity, you must indicate at least 4 code characters. If fewer numbers are indicated, the registration application may simply not be accepted. The resulting code contains the required number of characters: this must be specified.
Finding out your OKVED code is not difficult - to do this, just refer to the relevant classifications presented on many sites on the Internet and choose the one that suits you best. Of course, to open your own business, self-selection is not enough - you need to officially receive a code. There are several options here:
When you first receive an OKVED code from the State Statistics Service, you do not pay state fees, but if the document is suddenly lost, you will have to pay for re-issuance. To avoid troubles with restoring the code, it is recommended to make 1-2 photocopies of it.
What to do if OKVED changes?
Primary activity codes can be changed completely free of charge, without paying any fees or contributions. The procedure is complicated because it requires a lot paperwork: to change the code you need to refill a number of documents in form P14001, namely:
When filling out applications, code numbers must be written from left to right, indicating each number in a new separate cell.
Filling begins from the first cell. The completed application must consist of 7 sheets. With it, as well as other details, the company will need to come to the notary, and then to the Federal Tax Service. A similar form will also be filled out when an additional code is entered (if the company has two or more activity profiles), when it is changed, or deleted. You can carry out the procedure for changing or deleting codes yourself or through special organizations offering services for such work, where professionals will competently fill out the documentation and help you quickly change or delete the profile of interest.
OKVED for online stores
If you decide to open an online store, then keep in mind that it operates under the same conditions as a physical store: it pays taxes, is listed as a separate organization, and has employees. That is why you will also need to obtain a special code to register it. Here are some tips to give:
In cases where a physical store corresponding to an online store is subsequently opened, a new OKVED corresponding to sales will also need to be entered. And if this type of activity becomes your main one, then the code for the main activity profile will need to be replaced.
Still don’t understand how to choose your OKVED code? Why is this so important, and what problems might arise when defining it? The answers to these and additional questions look in the following video, where the founder of the school of successful entrepreneurs will share his knowledge and experience:
Correct selection OKVED code is the key to successful business activity for both individual entrepreneurs and organizations. The more accurately it is selected, the better for the businessman and his own business. That is why the issue of registering OKVED codes should be approached with all seriousness.
OKVED is an all-Russian classifier of the type of economic activity that allows you to determine the main and additional types of activity of an entrepreneur or an entire organization. It is a code or statistical information that it provides to regulators to help clarify the direction of its activities.
As you can see, the numbers “go” from the general to the specific: for example, 45.1 (subclass) - preparing a site for construction, and 45.11 (class) - dismantling buildings and their demolition, 45.11.2 (subclass) - carrying out work with land, respectively.
Some other OKVED codes can be found in the table:
Thus, under each paired numbers there is a drop-down list, and the task of the entrepreneur/organization is to correctly select from this list the type of activity that corresponds to the work performed. The code is approved by the statistics authority.
Since July 2016, there has been a change in classification codes, so it is necessary to indicate a new code, otherwise the application will be declared invalid (consideration of the application by the tax authorities takes no more than 7 days), and in 2017 the updated classifier will come into force.
The following factors must be taken into account:
Then you need to fill out the application form P14001 to make changes:
When registering a legal entity or individual business, everyone is faced with such a concept as OKVED codes.
This article will discuss this concept in detail, provide a decoding and a diagram for independently selecting and changing activity codes.
The abbreviation OKVED stands for All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activities.
In fact, OKVED is a list of codes, each of which relates to a specific type of activity, service sector or production.
OKVED is used for:
Almost all types of business activities that are permitted on the territory of Russia are included in the OKVED classifier. Given the fact that reference Information contains a very large number of codes; for ease of use, a universal structure was introduced:
Considering a large number of classes, they were divided into separate sections, which are designated by letters, each of which defines a specific area of activity:
Depending on the type of business activity, the OKVED code may take the form of a combination of three to six characters (digits). 
Let's take a closer look at the principles of OKVED using a specific example. Let's assume that the company is a meat production plant and handles non-edible by-products. The code for this type of activity is located in section D, which combines the codes for manufacturing industries, with the designation DA.
The section looks like:
Production of food products, including beverages (subsection DA):
The OKVED code in each case depends solely on the activity in which the enterprise is engaged and its direction. In our example, the company is a meat enterprise and works with non-edible by-products, therefore the OKVED code is 15.11.4.
Each type of activity of an enterprise has its own OKVED code, which includes classes, subclasses, groups, subgroups and types of activities. You just need to find the encoding that suits your organization.
If we look at the OKVED selection process in more detail, it looks like this:
If none of the codes precisely defines the type of activity of the enterprise, you have the right to choose “Provision of other services” in the section that relates to the main area.
If you plan that in the future the organization will carry out other activities, then it is better to determine in advance OKVED for additional areas (it can be one or several).
The selection of OKVED must be taken responsibly, since if it is determined incorrectly, you may have difficulties obtaining patents, licenses and changing the type of activity.
Once you have finally decided on the correct selection of the OKVED code for the enterprise, it (they) must be registered. To register a code, you must contact the registration authorities at your place of residence and submit the appropriate application for enterprise registration. If the codes are changed, you must indicate the previously selected OKVED in your application. Registration of the code is carried out simultaneously with the registration of the enterprise itself.
If during the operation the type of activity of the enterprise changes, or it is necessary to add additional services, the OKVED code must be changed, or one (several) additional ones must be included, defining other areas.
OKVED is a document that is part of the all-Russian classifier of social, technical and economic data. It is a set of codes that are assigned to certain areas of activity. The classification of a company according to OKVED does not depend on the source of investment and form of ownership. But for registering an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity, determining rates for non-state funds, and applying preferential treatment in the tax service, assigning codes is of great importance.
Work specifics economic entities is divided into several categories, each of which is assigned a number - OKVED code. It is needed to determine the structural unit and specifics of the company’s activities.
Until 2003, such classification was carried out on the basis of OKONKH (classifier National economy of all-Union significance), it was replaced by OKVED, the values of which correspond to the international classifier for identifying areas of activity.
Assigning codes is necessary to describe and decipher the type of business, as well as for other purposes:
A businessman encounters the procedure for assigning OKVED codes when registering his business. Such actions are required when creating a company, changing activities or making some changes to the structure of the enterprise.
One entrepreneur may have more than one code (up to 100) that determines the type of activity. Their number depends on the scale of the business. But do not rush to certify all the codes at once, since the risk category directly depends on the specified areas of activity, according to which the rate is set to determine the size of the contribution for insurance of workers against accidents at work.
Codes with decoding at the request of the founder can be indicated in the charter in the section “ General provisions"or in a separate paragraph. At the time of registration, indicate only those areas that you actually intend to study. The type of business, as well as the statistics code, can be changed at any time.
Registration or adjustments for enterprises are entered into the statistical register of economic entities.
ReceiptOKVED values are necessary in the following cases:
The receipt of statistics codes is not affected by the organizational form and territorial location.
The classifier consists of all possible areas of activity that are allowed in Russian Federation. Due to the huge list, a classification scheme has been developed. Classes, groups and species are designated by numbers. They can be collected in sections, which are designated by a specific letter.
How many digits are indicated when choosing a code? The numerical value of the code identifies the transition from a general activity to a specific particular type (from class to subgroup).
It is recommended to indicate the first four digits; this makes it possible to work in all directions that the selected group includes. You can detail the description of the types of business by writing down the following numbers of subgroups (if desired), but such actions are unnecessary.
The procedure for obtaining codes is carried out at the time of registration of a business entity. Individual enterprises independently draw up an application indicating the areas of business. Limited Liability Companies choosing OKVED based on their status and the main directions of planned activities.
Codes can be assigned at the time of registration with the Federal Tax Service. The declared areas of activity are indicated in state register, after which the founder of the company receives an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (and the individual entrepreneur from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs) with the corresponding OKVED codes (clause 5 of article 5 Federal Law dated 08.08.2001 N 129-FZ).
In some cases, at the time of registration of an organization, the Federal Tax Service issues OKVED codes with registration documents. In such a situation, contact Federal service There is no need for government statistics. But this doesn't always happen.
The second, more common way to obtain codes is to receive an information letter from the Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation.
It consists of the following steps:
Already in some cities of the Russian Federation there is a “one window” scheme in which the procedure for registering individual entrepreneurs is carried out. In this place, the tax authorities are combined with the statistics service. This makes it possible to send a response with OKVED numbers along with registration documents.
As already mentioned, the procedure for obtaining information for both individual entrepreneurs and LLCs is the same. The list of documents for the Federal Tax Service is different.
Scrolldocumentation for individual entrepreneurs:
For legal entities (LLC, CJSC, OJSC) the list of documents is slightly larger:
To save time, you can contact a specialized law firm, which will collect and submit documents to the necessary authorities for a fee (the cost depends on pricing policy companies).
