Availability of a basement own garage allows people living in the city to properly store homemade preparations without filling the refrigerator with jars and without occupying the balcony. By ensuring the correct microclimate inside the underground room, food will remain fresh for a long time. We will talk further about how to make a basement in a garage on your own.
In order to carry out the work quickly and efficiently, it is necessary to prepare tools, equipment, purchase materials and draw up an action plan in advance. Only after this can you begin arranging the basement. Construction of a basement involves the following stages:
The most important factor influencing the construction of underground facilities is soil. The density of the material determines what equipment you will need. If you are lucky and the density of the earth allows you to dig a pit of 3-4 meters with your own hands, you can skip the next point and proceed directly to construction.
Sometimes the density of the soil does not allow excavation work to be done manually.
If the soil is extremely hard, it is necessary to hire an excavator and ensure access of special equipment to the site.
The second problem is groundwater. In cases where groundwater lies close to the surface, you will need powerful waterproofing. In this case, it is better to use dense monolithic concrete for the foundation - it better resists moisture penetration.
You should also take into account the depth of soil freezing in winter period. This information will be useful when choosing a method for insulating a room.
To build a basement under the garage, you first need to develop a project. Ideally, work on creating a basement should be planned before construction and arrangement of the garage begins. This will allow you to choose the most suitable method of laying the foundation, consider high-quality ventilation of the upper and lower rooms, and also perform reliable waterproofing.
The floor in the basement plays the role of support and protection from groundwater. Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to its strength. How to arrange the floor in the basement with your own hands?
This the best way install a floor in the basement under the garage.
If construction takes place in dry soil, then it is better to purchase solid red brick for the walls. In order to build an underground room in moisture-saturated soil, you need to use reinforced concrete and rubble concrete.
How to build basement walls with your own hands?
Overlapping basement will serve as the floor of the future garage. To create it, a reinforced concrete slab is poured or ready-made factory slabs are laid. It is important to provide a convenient and sufficiently wide entrance to the underground room, which, however, should not prevent you from parking your car in the garage.
Constructing a basement under a garage requires the creation of a reliable waterproofing system. Neglecting this point will lead to the crop being subject to rot and disease.
Before pouring the floor, the bottom of the pit should be filled with drainage, which will remove water without allowing it to accumulate. This has already been mentioned above. Additionally, the system can be used drainage pipes and wells. But, of course, the more complex the design, the more expensive it will be to create.
Tightly compacted clay must be placed in the space between the walls of the pit and the concrete walls of the basement. Its layer must be at least 15 cm.
In cases where groundwater lies above the planned floor level, additional waterproofing is required. To create it, roll insulators and bitumen mastics are used. The edges of the insulating layer are placed on the walls of the room at a level of 10-15 cm higher maximum height rising groundwater.
If you want to build a basement in dense, dry soil, there is no need for such a complex waterproofing system. It is enough to simply cover the walls and floor with hot bitumen mastic.
No matter how you plan to use the basement under the garage, it is necessary to provide ventilation to it. Along with waterproofing, it will prevent the increase in humidity levels in the room.
Diagram of the ventilation system for a garage with a basement.
Providing air exchange in the basement can be done according to the principle of natural or forced ventilation. Arrangement natural ventilation It is quite simple, so it is recommended to choose it for those who do everything with their own hands. You will need a minimum set of tools and two pipes - exhaust and supply.
The main disadvantage natural system ventilation is its inability to work independently late autumn and in winter. When it freezes, the pipes quickly become clogged with ice and the air flow is blocked. To avoid this, you need to insulate the pipes and clean them from time to time.
Forced ventilation consists of several fans mounted in the air ducts that create air flows. You can make it according to the principle of a natural system, that is, install two pipes, or make a single ventilation duct.
Air duct with fan.
The most important advantage of such ventilation is that it copes well with temperature changes and maintains the necessary microclimatic conditions even in the heat. Its arrangement makes air circulation constant, which cannot be achieved when using natural ventilation.
Lamp with moisture-proof housing.
If desired, lighting can be installed in the basement. His device can be anything. The main thing is that it is turned on from the garage or at the entrance to the basement. As light sources, you should choose lamps in plastic housings protected from moisture. This will reduce the risk of short circuits due to condensation formation.
By following the recommendations above, you can create a basement in your garage. The basement (its walls, floor, ceilings and stairs) is not so complex design, and if you have some construction experience, you can build it yourself.
If you have a lot of vegetables every year and you don't know where, pay attention to how you can build a basement in the garage. The underground room can be used to store not only the gifts of nature, but also other things. We offer you to understand in detail the intricacies of the process.
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Before the beginning construction work should be prepared . When working on a detailed drawing, you should make sure that there are no communications in the place where construction is planned. Considering that most often cellars in a garage are located at a depth of 2.5–3.5 m, the pipes will be higher.
When calculating the dimensions of the pit, the following should be taken into account:
Attention! When choosing a material for building walls, you must take into account the groundwater level.
If you decide to build a cellar in the garage with your own hands, we suggest you consider all the main stages step by step. This will allow you not only to determine the upcoming scope of work, but also to make preliminary calculations of the costs of their implementation.
When starting to build a cellar in the garage, you should prepare the right material. You will need a sufficient amount of concrete, the base of which will be M400 or M500. Walls can be erected from any durable material, including concrete slabs. To ensure a sufficient level of protection from groundwater, roofing material should be prepared.
Attention! For walls, it is unacceptable to use materials that absorb water well: slag concrete and sand-lime brick.
The list of equipment and tools used is standard and depends on the list of works. In addition, you must have a sledgehammer, drill, pliers, etc.
The method of forming a pit depends on the type of soil in a particular area. If the earth is dense and heavy, the question of how to make a pit for a cellar in a garage usually does not arise. It is quite difficult to dig it out with your own hands. If the soil is soft and the volume of soil removed is relatively small, you can use a shovel.
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Team leader of the repair and construction company "Dom Premium"
Ask a QuestionIn order not to think about how to properly dig a pit for a cellar in a garage, carefully study the drawings. They contain all necessary information about size and shape.
After the pit is completely formed, you can begin to form. The service life of the structure as a whole depends on its strength characteristics. The work is performed in the following sequence:
| Illustration | Description of action |
 | Pour a layer of sand onto the bottom of the prepared hole and compact it thoroughly. |
 | Place a layer of film on top. To prevent it from moving, we use pins. We lay the reinforcing mesh according to the level. |
 | Now about how to make a floor in a garage cellar. We pour the concrete slab. The surface should be formed strictly according to the exposed beacons. If work is carried out in winter time, special antifreeze additives should be added to the solution. Let the solution dry completely. |
The process of pouring the floor can be seen in more detail in the following video:
Usually the cellar is quite deep, so care should be taken to ensure availability. Most often, preference is given to the following designs:
For the manufacture of both structures the following can be used:
Concrete structures have high strength Having decided on the type of construction, it is important to know how to make a comfortable staircase to the garage basement. To ensure the safety of systems, the following requirements are established:
To figure out how to properly make cellar walls in a garage, you need to know what materials they will be built from. If it is decided to give preference to a monolithic structure, the work is performed in the following sequence:
Installation of vertical slabs is carried out using special equipment. In this case, the verticality of the formed wall and a strong connection of the elements must be ensured.
It is possible to use expanded clay concrete blocks:
| Illustration | Description of action |
 | If this has not been done previously, a base is formed from which the walls will be installed. |
 | The first layer is laid on the strip. |
 | We form the walls, carefully controlling their verticality. |
To create optimal conditions in the basement, you need to properly arrange the cellar in the garage. can be natural and forced. Let's look at the features of each type.
Arranging natural basement ventilation in a garage does not require significant costs. When performing installation yourself, the work is performed in the following sequence:
In winter, such a system stops functioning due to the formed frost if it is not taken care of. Exits should be carefully insulated and snow should be removed from them in a timely manner.
The design difference of the forced system is the presence of a special electric one that ensures the circulation of air masses. The vortex flow it creates ensures the timely removal of air masses outside the room. Fresh air is supplied to the cellar through the top.
Attention! It is possible to install fully mechanized ventilation, equipped with a programmable monoblock.
We suggest watching a video about the features of the functioning of such a system, so that later it will be easier to build exhaust ventilation with your own hands:
Before starting work, you should decide how to cover the cellar in the garage. The choice will depend on the size of the underground structure. If its width matches the dimensions inspection hole, you can take a forty board. In other cases, more reliable elements that can withstand the weight of the car will be required. As a rule, the choice is made in favor of a reinforcing frame or. The latter should be chosen if the garage has yet to be built.
You can create a ceiling for a cellar in a garage with your own hands, with properties comparable to a concrete slab, as follows:
To make a hatch you can use various materials, but most often this element is formed from a steel sheet. For this:
The quality of all structural elements of the basement in the garage can be done with your own hands. If this is not done, the room will be quite cold and dampness may appear over time. Not only the ceiling and walls should be insulated, but also the floor. Most often, foam plastic is used as a thermal insulation material - it has an affordable cost and good thermal insulation characteristics.
Ceiling insulation work is carried out in the following sequence:
Wall colors can be any If the garage has yet to be built, building a cellar usually does not pose any particular difficulties. We invite you to watch a video that tells you how to dig a cellar in a finished garage. It can be used as a video instruction:
Over time, dampness may appear in the basement, and sometimes water begins to accumulate. In such situations, repair of the cellar in the garage is urgently needed: it will help get rid of mold and other negative consequences of high humidity.
To avoid dealing with mold in the future, you need to: waterproofing works qualitatively from the beginning.
You can easily make a cellar in your garage with your own hands to store a variety of jams and pickles. A garage basement is a very useful utility room, so it makes sense to start building it and properly arranging it.
Basements in garages differ from each other in terms of their depth into the ground. The most common option is a cellar with a depth of 1.6 to 3 m. This type of “garage pit” is called completely buried. It can be used to store any supplies prepared for the winter by thrifty housewives.
Semi-buried basements are built a little less often. They are deepened into the ground no more than a meter. If you wish, you can also make a so-called above-ground cellar - dig a small hole on the floor of the garage and place some kind of plastic container in it.
When choosing the type of garage basement, you should take into account the depth of soil water in a particular area. Experts advise building cellars whose bases are at least 0.5 m away from the source of moisture.
Buried storage facilities are usually built under capital garages with relatively large areas. The dimensions of such basements, in principle, can be any size. In practice, they dig holes no more than 2.5 m wide and about 2 m deep. All work is carried out according to a pre-drawn plan (construction drawings, thermal and waterproofing diagrams, a set of materials used, and so on).
Sunken basements are best done simultaneously with the construction of the garage itself. But it is quite possible to build a cellar in finished building– the technology for carrying out construction activities will be the same. It’s just that in a garage that’s already in use, it won’t be possible to use special equipment for digging a pit. The work will have to be done with a shovel and other tools, without relying on the help of machines.
Some important advice to help you properly build a basement in your garage with your own hands:
After the pit has been dug, it is necessary to carefully level its bottom and then compact it. The bottom level is always taken 25–30 cm less than the mark at which the future floor covering will be located.
A cushion of . is placed on the compacted floor. Several layers are made so that the thickness of the sand layer is at least 20 cm. Each part of the pillow should be compacted, using water if necessary. Professionals, in addition, recommend installing an additional gravel layer of similar thickness.
After this, we select the type of floor we want to build. It can be concrete, soil or clay. When laying concrete base Reinforcing bars must be used. Metal products will provide the surface with high strength. Floors with reinforcement are practically not afraid of ground shifts. The rods are poured with concrete, the surface thickness should be about 7.5 cm.
Then the concrete layer is waterproofed using roofing felt (it is advisable to make two-layer products by gluing two sheets of material with molten bitumen). The insulation is made so that the edges of the roofing material protrude 12–14 centimeters beyond the foundation.
Instead of concrete mortar, when arranging the bottom of the cellar, it is allowed to use ready-made reinforced concrete slabs. In this case, you will have to very accurately level the base of the hole, using a laser or conventional building level. The slabs are installed on a 15-centimeter layer of crushed stone and 5-centimeter sand.
It is not recommended to do soil foundations. It is reasonable to lean towards this option only when the soil water in the area is at a low level. Soil foundations are built on a gravel-sand cushion. They must be protected from moisture.
The most economical and at the same time environmentally friendly is the clay base. It is made of two layers. First, one layer of clay is laid (it should be thick enough), then roofing felt, which will serve as a waterproofing agent, and again a clay layer on top of it. In most cases, wooden boards are subsequently mounted on such a base. Their installation is carried out after the clay has completely dried.
It is prohibited to use lightweight materials for the construction of wall surfaces in the cellar. Construction Materials– Chipboard, plywood sheets and so on. It is necessary to use strong and reliable products. Walls can be built from concrete, well-burnt red solid brick, or from foam blocks, which are popular these days.
If you use brick you will have to spend a lot of money. This material is quite expensive. After installing the brick walls, their surface will also need to be well plastered. Working with foam concrete products is much easier. Their advantage is that there is no need to carry out measures to waterproof the resulting surfaces.
Most often, the walls of the cellar are made of concrete. The step-by-step process looks like this:
As you can see, the instructions for constructing concrete walls for a basement are simple. There is no special wisdom in it. Anyone can cope with such work home craftsman. Please note that it is not advisable to dry finished concrete walls using hair dryers and other heat devices. The right thing to do is to wait until they dry naturally.
If you decide to make a very small basement, it is quite acceptable to make its ceiling from wooden boards. You just need to insulate it from the inside using available materials. In other cases, the ceiling should be made reliable and massive. Don't forget that it will have to support the weight of your car parked in the garage.
A durable floor is usually made of a concrete slab. In this case, you need to use a special reinforcing “skeleton” for it. Equipped with a hatch with a double cover. It is not difficult to purchase such a hatch of any required size. If you really want to, you can do it yourself. The hatch is installed in a hole that needs to be made in concrete slab. In this place you will have the entrance to the cellar. Choose its sizes yourself.
Overlap with inside always treated with hot bitumen and insulated after the bitumen mixture has cooled. Glass wool or more expensive (but, note, more effective) polystyrene foam in plates is usually used as insulating material. Its marking is PSB-S-25. This expanded polystyrene foam can be used to thermally insulate not only the ceiling, but also walls and the outer parts of the basement foundation.
The safety of fruits and vegetables in the basement for a long time is ensured competent organization its ventilation system. It can be made natural or forced.
The natural supply of fresh air is simple to arrange:
The efficiency of natural ventilation is low. In summer, it often simply does not function (the air outside and in the basement has the same temperature), and in winter the system can become clogged with frost and snow, from which the ventilation must be constantly cleared.
Forced air exchange systems are many times more modern and efficient. But their installation requires financial costs for the purchase of special fans operating from a household power supply. These devices are installed in ventilation pipes, which are installed in the same way as when organizing natural ventilation. A scheme using one double-leaf pipe is also possible.
Forced systems from climatic conditions almost independent. They guarantee an optimal microclimate in the cellar. If you want to create the most reliable ventilation in your basement, buy a special monoblock controlled by a mini-computer. This technique will itself calculate the required amount of fresh air supplied to the cellar, as well as draw out the required volume of moist and warm flows from it.
And don't forget to build a staircase to your garage cellar. It can be the simplest - attached, or stationary, made of metal, durable wood or concrete.
The main requirement that must be met in the basement of the garage is the absence of humidity. What finishing of the basement in the garage will help get rid of dampness and fungus, and eliminate mustiness in the room?
It is important to think through all the details of the design of the cellar under the garage at the stage of laying the foundation. In this case, it is necessary to immediately prevent moisture in the basement by performing simple construction work that is easy to do with your own hands.
The garage foundation must be properly insulated from moisture from the outside and inside. The main problem is the seasonal rise of groundwater and humidity in the basement due to spring and autumn floods.
The picture of a cellar and a hole in the garage being flooded with water every spring and autumn is not uncommon.
The second important requirement is high-quality ventilation of the cellar. Without access to fresh air, food quickly becomes moldy. But this is not one minus. High humidity causes rapid corrosion of metal, so store the car in a garage with damp basement just dangerous.
Ventilation can be as natural - air flow is ensured correctly installed system pipes or forced - installation of a fan if it is not possible to remove the pipes during repairs or refurbishment of the garage.
The third requirement is that the walls and ceiling of the cellar or basement in the garage must be insulated. This will ensure positive temperatures in cold weather and prevent the appearance of condensation on the walls in summer.
At the first stage of laying the foundation of a garage with a cellar, it is necessary to find out three facts:
If the garage has already been built and there is a desire to dig a cellar, then you need to pay attention to the following parameters:
An important rule for the foundation of a garage with a cellar is that the lowest point of the foundation must be located at least 50 centimeters below the freezing point of the soil. During frost, the soil freezes and pushes out the weak foundation, which leads to rapid deformation and destruction of the entire building.
When digging a pit in an already built garage, especially if the cellar floor is much lower than the base of the garage foundation, it is important to correctly maintain the distance to the walls:
For example, the cellar floor is 1 meter lower than the garage foundation. This means you need to step back a meter from the foundation when digging a pit.
According to the dimensions of the preliminary drawing, you need to dig a pit and carefully compact the soil. The dimensions of a standard garage cellar are 2.5 m (width) by 2 meters (depth).
Important. The basement walls should not be located closer than half a meter from the garage wall. This is necessary for high-quality waterproofing.
After the pit has been dug and the floor has been thoroughly compacted, we proceed to constructing a buried foundation:
Important. It is imperative to install a drainage system around the perimeter to drain groundwater and seasonal water.
A reinforced concrete screed made of cement with water-repellent additives (Dehydrol Lux 10-2) is installed over the waterproofing layer or filled with ready-made concrete - grade W20. The thickness of the concrete screed of the cellar floor is at least 20 cm.
If you plan to arrange a cellar with a clay floor, then you need to pour the clay in several layers and carefully compact each one. The first layer of clay is 15 - 25 cm thick, the second layer is up to 1 m, compacted with moisture over sheets of roofing felt.
A prerequisite is that the walls of the basement or cellar in the garage must be made only of reinforced concrete or red brick. Sand-lime bricks and foam blocks do not withstand high humidity even with high-quality waterproofing.
It’s easier to lay out the walls in the garage cellar concrete blocks– this will reduce construction time, but requires costs for renting special equipment. If the basement is being built in a finished garage, then you need to concrete the walls of the cellar or do brickwork.
Concreting the basement walls, cement grade not lower than M400:
Concrete hardening should occur naturally - the average time for complete hardening is 28 - 30 days, depending on weather conditions.
Important. When concreting basement walls, be sure to tap each poured layer with a rubber hammer to avoid voids and cavities in the walls.
The brickwork of the basement walls in the garage is done in one row with an offset of half a brick. Be sure to check the vertical level or plumb line every two rows of masonry. Sanding the seams is a must.
The garage floor will be the basement ceiling, so the main attention should be paid to the thermal and waterproofing of the floor slab:
You can insulate the floor slab on top of the concrete floor screed:
The hatch for entering the basement should also be insulated with foam plastic or mineral wool, so as not to create cold bridges in the cellar and not to provoke the appearance of dampness in the basement.
The main characteristics of the decoration of the walls, floor and ceiling of the cellar are resistance to the destructive effects of moisture. What options for disinfecting and protecting surfaces can be used, and what materials are the most popular for finishing a basement in a garage.
Brick or concrete walls the cellar is necessary in front finishing additionally protect from moisture that comes from the soil into the concrete body:
Without good waterproofing, even good waterproof paint and plaster will not last long in a damp basement.
To work you will need a sprayer for impregnation and blowtorch. The procedure for performing waterproofing:
After the insulation has hardened, for reliability on the floor it is necessary to perform a finishing cement screed to protect the insulation layer (thickness up to 5 cm). Instead of stekloizol, you can use bitumen mastic or several layers of roofing material.
Brick walls do not need to be plastered; it is enough to treat them with water-repellent impregnation. Applying plaster to basement mills - carrying out work:
Before finishing painting, you need to wait until the walls are completely dry - this will take about two days.
The simplest method of protecting and disinfecting walls and ceilings is mortar. It is enough to dilute the slaked lime with water and apply it to the walls in two layers, wait until the first layer has dried, then apply the second layer.
Lime mortar is applied to brick and cement walls in the cellars every year. Since the antiseptic properties of lime decrease after 12 months.
Acrylic and silicate paints with antiseptic additives are more durable than lime, but are also more expensive. It should also be taken into account that before applying acrylic paints On concrete walls, the surface must be treated with a primer for better adhesion of materials.
Acrylic based paints or liquid glass, covering the walls with lime, high-quality waterproofing and any other decoration of the basement walls in the garage will not guarantee dryness if you do not equip the cellar with high-quality ventilation.
It’s easy to make a natural ventilation system with your own hands from metal-plastic pipes. The main thing is not to forget about installing a garage basement with ventilation during the construction stage. Proper arrangement of a cellar without a ventilation system is impossible.
The main disadvantage of natural cellar ventilation is considered to be uneven air supply. In winter, the pipes are covered with frost and clogged with snow, and in summer the temperature outside is higher than in the cellar and the flow of fresh air into the basement is limited.
These problems can be avoided if you install a small household fan at the inlet of the pipe, which can be turned on as needed, so as not to waste money on electricity.
It’s easy to make natural ventilation in the cellar with your own hands:
It is necessary to install dampers in the pipe to be able to regulate the air flow and protective grilles from mice, leaves and debris.
The garage and cellar will always be dry and comfortable if you install coercive system ventilation. The simplest option is to install a regular low-power fan on the supply pipe of the air duct.
If the garage undergoes frequent repairs and painting work, then the fan must be installed on the exhaust hood.
Pipes for the ventilation system are suitable: ordinary plastic ones for plumbing or corrugated metal ones. They are inexpensive and corrugated pipe Easy to install in any garage or cellar design.
If you spend the money and take the time proper finishing cellar under the garage, the room will always be dry, warm and comfortable. Damp cellars and basements cause enormous damage to your car. Corrosion of the metal of a car in a wet cellar in a garage is guaranteed.
The cellar is an important object for everyday life. Here the owners store various preparations and food products. The basement can be arranged both in the private house itself and in a separate building. For those who live in an apartment, the second method will be the only possible option.
You can arrange it yourself. To do this it is necessary to consider detailed instructions carrying out construction. Each stage is performed in a certain sequence. Only by following all the recommendations and requirements of sanitary and construction standards can you obtain a high final result.
Studying how to make a basement in a garage, it is necessary first of all to consider the sequence of stages of this process. Preparation begins at the garage design stage. Doing this at this stage will be much easier than subsequently digging a cellar in a finished building.
You should also prepare necessary equipment, materials. Next, a plan for the future construction is drawn up. Its arrangement is carried out using a certain technology. At the first stage, it is necessary to explore the soil characteristics of the site for construction.
Based on the research, a basement project is created, drawings are prepared, and the required amount of materials is calculated. After this, you can begin excavation work.
After arranging the pit, the floor, walls and ceilings are created. Hydro- and thermal insulation is installed. Ventilation is installed. At the final stage, you should purchase a ladder and install lighting. Racks and drawers are installed.
Before creating, it is necessary to carry out reconnaissance measures regarding the characteristics of the soil on the site. The choice of construction methodology, as well as the equipment used, will depend on its density.
If the soil is loose enough, you can dig a pit by hand. However, it often happens that it is hard. It is difficult to dig out with a shovel. In this case, it will be necessary to provide for the possibility of using an escalator. Special equipment must freely approach the construction site.
It is also necessary to find out the level of groundwater in a given area. If such sources come close to the surface, it will be necessary to provide a layer of high-quality, thick waterproofing. In this case, the foundation will be poured with high-density monolithic concrete. In addition, it is necessary to find out to what level the soil freezes in winter. The choice of basement insulation system depends on this.
After reconnaissance work is carried out, it is created. The depth of the pit should be 1.7-1.9 m. The width inside the room should be 2-2.5 m. Experts do not recommend increasing this figure.
Drawing up a drawing of the room indicating all dimensions will allow you to calculate the required amount of materials. The distance from the walls should be about 50 cm. The waterproofing layer will take up that much space.
If the foundation is of a strip type, the level of the base of the room should exceed 30 cm from its mark. This option can be chosen only if calculations confirm that carrying out such work will not harm the building. Surface strip foundation can be used as a wall.
The plan must indicate waterproofing, ventilation system. The most practical option creating an entrance will be a hatch with a ladder. If the basement area is large, you can build concrete steps.
All cellars can be divided into two types. In the first case, it is built house with basement and garage, components single design. In the second, the basement will be located at a certain distance from the main building.
The hole can be completely buried or only half buried. The choice depends on the characteristics of operation and the capabilities of the owners. If groundwater comes close to the surface, the owners can create a semi-buried pit. Its walls are made of cinder concrete. They can also be made of brick. The depth of the pit is only about 70-90 cm.
Fully buried pits are very popular. Their depth can be 1.5-3 m. Groundwater should not approach the base of the basement closer than 50 cm.
Construction of a basement in a garage requires excavation. This work is quite hard. Therefore, it is best to perform it together with partners. Sometimes it is possible to dig a foundation pit for a basement manually using shovels.
If the soil is dense, you will need to use an excavator. However, this will be possible to do before the garage is built. If it has already been built, it will be almost impossible to bring equipment inside the building.
The pit should have small dimensions. Its walls and floor should be well compacted. It makes it easier Finishing work. If, when constructing a pit, it turns out that groundwater comes closer to the surface than expected, you will need to immediately lay a thick layer of insulation. It will be easier to install if the base is well leveled.
Requires careful selection of materials. They differ in cost. The quickest way to make walls is by using reinforced concrete slabs. This is one of the most expensive options. Finishing with monolithic concrete will cost less. You can also use high-quality fired red brick. This material has an acceptable cost. Slag concrete and sand-lime brick are not recommended.
To make the foundation, you will need to purchase concrete grade M100. You can also prepare the solution yourself. For this, cement brand M400 is purchased. It is mixed with crushed stone and sand. The floor is filled with mortar and the walls are also finished.
The formwork is assembled from solid solid boards. For waterproofing, you can use the method of laying several layers of roofing felt on molten resin.
Considering how to build a basement in a garage, it is necessary to study the technology of creating a floor. After finishing, the base will rise by several tens of centimeters. First you should lay a sand cushion. It should be 20 cm thick. The pillow is laid in layers. Each of them needs to be compacted. If necessary, sand is mixed with water.
You can strengthen the bottom of the pit using a layer of gravel. Its thickness should be about 25 cm. It is also compacted well. The floor can be concrete, dirt or clay. In the first option, reinforcement is used. This is the most reliable way. The screed should dry well.
Clay flooring is considered inexpensive and environmentally friendly option. The first layer of clay should be thick. Waterproofing is laid on it. Next, the second layer of clay is poured.
A dirt floor is less reliable. The earth is poured onto a sand cushion and waterproofing. It is compacted well.
Can be created from hard materials. It can be reinforced concrete or foam blocks. The second option is simpler. Concrete walls require the use of reinforcement. The mesh is assembled without welding. Next you need to make the formwork. For this, ordinary boards are used.
Before pouring concrete, a layer of clay must be poured between the walls of the pit and the finishing. The thickness should be about 15 cm. It is especially important to perform this procedure in areas where groundwater comes close to the surface.
Concrete for walls must have strength class M400. You can add a little crushed stone to it. The solution is poured into the formwork gradually, in layers (20 cm each). They should be bayoneted. The solution is poured to the level of the future ceiling. The finish must be allowed to dry well naturally.
The use of foam concrete blocks speeds up and simplifies the process. In this case, there is no need to install waterproofing. The work is done quickly.
Studying how to make a basement in a garage, attention should be paid to the arrangement of the ceiling. It must be durable. The floor must support the weight of the car that will stand on the base of the garage. It is best to use a reinforced frame and a concrete slab for these purposes.
If the cellar is small, the ceiling can be made of durable boards. The ceiling needs to be well insulated from the inside. The ceiling has a hatch. Its roof should be double.
Next you can install ladder. It comes to the first cover from the base of the floor in the cellar. If desired, the stairs can be laid out from foam blocks. The room in this case should be large in size.
Must have high-quality waterproofing. Otherwise, the entire building will not be durable and reliable. Since the cellar is completely underground, the waterproofing must be of very high quality.
If the soil is dry, you can get by exclusively with the bitumen variety. insulating materials. Moreover, in this case, its hot variety is used. The surfaces are coated with a layer of bitumen.
For damp soils in which there is a high probability of groundwater rising, another method is suitable. In this case, the surfaces are covered with rolled roofing felt. It is made with the addition of bitumen mastic. If necessary, this material can be easily replaced during wear. The repair will not take much time.
Waterproofing is laid on the base of the floor. It is also placed on the walls to a height of about 15 cm. This will avoid rotting processes inside the room.
Ventilation in the garage basement is important element the buildings. Without it, dampness will accumulate inside the basement and fungus will appear. It will become impossible to store food in such conditions. The ventilation plan must be drawn at the stage of creating construction drawings.
You can do natural or forced ventilation. In the first case, the expenditure of effort and time will be minimal. This will require two pipes. Through one of them, air will flow into the cellar, and through the second, it will exit the room. The outlet of the supply pipe should be located at a distance of 20 cm from the floor. Its second end is brought outside and covered with a protective canopy and mesh. The exhaust pipe should be discharged at a distance of 20 cm from the ceiling.
Forced ventilation involves the installation of special equipment. The costs in this case will be higher. This system is necessary for a large cellar. For a small basement, you can choose natural ventilation.
Requires installation of high-quality thermal insulation. Otherwise, all supplies will freeze in winter. The insulating material is installed from the internal and outside walls In this case, condensation will not form.
In some cases, the basement will need to be heated using a stove or other similar equipment. This will allow you to maintain supplies at a temperature outside the garage walls of less than -10ºС.
Next you can carry out lighting. It shouldn't be too powerful. A simple housekeeper will do for this. Wires must have a high insulation class. All connections must be made using modern varieties terminals The switch should be installed inside the garage. It can also be installed in front of the basement entrance. It is advisable to protect the light bulb with a plastic case. This will prevent the destructive effects of moisture on it and reduce the risk of a short circuit.
Having considered the technology of how to create a basement in a garage, everyone will be able to carry out a similar procedure on their own. Following the recommendations professional builders, you can create a reliable, durable structure. The preparations will be stored in it until spring.
