Stairs. Entry group. Materials. Doors. Locks. Design

Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands never get bored!

Content

Fungi are the causative agents of many plant diseases. Special agents are capable of suppressing their spread. chemical substances, which are called fungicides. They exhibit two forms of activity: fungicidal (destruction of the fungus) and fungistatic (partial suppression of development). These substances are one of the types of pesticides - chemicals, used in the fight against pests and diseases of plant crops.

Fungicides for plants

The term “fungicide” is derived from two Latin words: “fungus” (mushroom) and “caedo” (kill). From the name you can understand that they are chemical substances designed to combat pathogenic fungi that cause diseases in plants. Fungicides are drugs that exhibit two types of properties:

• protective - fungicidal (destruction of the fungus) and fungistatic (suspends the development of spores and mycelium of the pathogen);
• preventive – prevents infection of crops.

Fungicides are included in the group of pesticides along with insecticides, bactericides, nematicides and acaricides. All these substances belong to the category of toxic chemicals. Fungicidal properties are exhibited by:

• sulfur and its compounds, such as barium and calcium polysulfides;
• metal salts, including copper, cadmium and mercury;
• salts of dithiocarbamic acids;
• phenol derivatives;
• derivatives of triazole, imidazole.

Kinds

There are different classifications of fungicidal agents. The criterion for identifying species is the purpose of processing the plant. Taking this into account, fungicides are:

1. Protective. They are used to treat healthy crops to prevent diseases.
2. Medicinal. They are used for treatment after the disease is detected.

Depending on the composition, fungicidal preparations are divided into organic and inorganic. The former consist of special microorganisms that, after performing their functions, decompose in the soil. Inorganic include chemical compounds:

• copper;
• gland;
• sulfur;
• mercury;
• nickel;
• manganese

Another classification divides fungicides into types based on the principle of action:

1. System. The active components of the compositions of this category are absorbed into the vascular system of the plant, subsequently moving through its structures. For this reason, systemic garden fungicides are effective for a month.
2. Contact. They show activity on the part of the vegetation where they were applied.
3. System-contact. Considered more effective in protecting against fungi. Some components have a contact effect, while others have a systemic effect.

Fungicidal action

The active components of fungicidal agents interfere with biochemical reactions in fungal cells or block the enzymes that control them. There are different groups of fungicides with specific properties:

• triazoles, pyrimidines, morpholines, piperazines - block the biosynthesis of ergosterol - an integral component of fungal cell membranes;
• organophosphorus – suppress the formation of a lipid that is part of the membranes of the pathogen’s cell;
• hydroxypyrimidines and alanine derivatives - inhibit the synthesis nucleic acids;
• antibiotics (blasticidin, cycloheximide, kasugamycin) - suppress protein synthesis.

Fungicidal preparations

This type of pesticide is available in the form of suspensions, powders, concentrated solutions or tablets. Each drug has instructions that are followed when spraying. It is recommended to use freshly prepared fungicidal agents. This way their antifungal properties will be more pronounced. Different shapes The release of this type of pesticides has a specific purpose:

1. Powders are often added to the ground when digging or dissolved with water, and then used for watering.
2. Other categories are shown for processing tubers and seed material.
3. The largest group of fungicides is used during the period of active crop growth to treat green parts.
4. Another group of drugs is used to prevent spoilage of grain stocks or vegetables in vegetable warehouses and granaries.

System

Modern fungicides are a group of systemic ones. They move through the vascular system of plants, protecting new growths that appeared after treatment. The main purpose of use is the treatment of already diseased crops, but it can be used for preventive purposes. Among the systemic fungicides, the following products are distinguished:

1. Glyocladin. A biological preparation used for the prevention or treatment of root rot in indoor and garden crops and vegetables. During sowing, 1-4 tablets should be placed in the soil. The protective effect lasts for 1-1.5 months.
2. Quadris. The active substance in the composition is azoxystrobin. Available in 1 liter bottles and 6 ml bags. Effective against brown spot vegetable crops and grapevine, downy or powdery mildew, late blight. The drug is able to protect peas, cabbage, potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, and lawns. Use for protection indoor plants Extreme caution is recommended. The product is phytotoxic for certain varieties of apple trees.
3. Mikosan. Biological product used for garden and indoor crops. The substances in the composition do not destroy the fungus, but help fight it more effectively by stimulating the production of lectins in tissues. It is rational to use Mikosan in the early stages, when some spots appear on the leaves. To soak planting material, you need to dilute 100 ml of the product in 10 liters of water.
4. Planriz. It is considered one of the most effective remedies against fusarium, verticillium, gray mold, ascochyta, alternaria, and formoza. The product is completely biological with a unique composition of bacteria that actively colonize root system, produce enzymes and antibiotics in it. They suppress the development of root rot. Additionally, bacteria increase the general immunity of vegetative crops. The average consumption rate is 0.5 liters per 10 liters of water.
5. Forecast. A fungicide from the category of chemicals used to protect gooseberries, wild strawberries, strawberries, currants and raspberries from spotting, scab, and powdery mildew. The consumption rate is 1 ml/1 l of water. The working fluid is consumed in an amount of about 1.5 liters per 10 square meters. m.
6. Raek. The peculiarity of this fungicide is its long period of protection against scab, powdery mildew and coccomycosis. The effect is observed within 2 hours after spraying. The product is used in relation to fruit crops. Available in two forms: ampoules of 2 ml of the substance and bottles of 10, 50 or 100 ml. The working solution consists of 1.5-2 ml and 10 liters of water. It is necessary to treat crops with it no more than once every 14 days.

1. Speed An analogue of the drug is Raek. Skor is effective against scab, oidium, and powdery mildew. The solution is prepared from 2-5 ml of the composition and 10 liters of water. The effect of the working fluid after treatment lasts for 1-2 weeks. Skor is non-toxic for people and animals, and completely harmless for birds.
2. Thanos. Fungicide based on cymoxanil. The substance penetrates into the tissues of the leaves, therefore it has a therapeutic effect even 1-2 days after infection. Used to protect tomatoes, sunflowers, potatoes, and onions. Release form: water-soluble granules. In the working solution, they are resistant to washing off due to their ability to bind to the natural wax of plant crops.
3. Topaz. The composition includes penconazole in a proportion of 100 g/l. The drug is in the form of an emulsion concentrate. The product exhibits fungicidal activity against powdery mildew, sulfur and rust in vegetable, ornamental, fruit crops and grapevines. For the first two diseases, the concentration of a solution of 2 ml per 10 liters of water is shown. For powdery mildew, the amount of emulsion is increased to 4 ml. There is 1 treatment per 1-2 weeks. Topaz is moderately toxic to humans and animals and is not dangerous to fish and birds.
4. Fundazol. The basis of the product is benomyl at a concentration of 500 g/kg. Fundazol is a disinfectant with a broad spectrum of action against most fungal diseases of leaves and seeds. The drug is compatible with many pesticides, growth regulators and fertilizers. A sign of this is the absence of sediment after mixing. Foundationazol is presented as a wetting creamy or white. For 1 liter of water, 20 g of product is required. Treatment should be carried out no more than 2 times a season. The effectiveness of the product is greater at higher temperatures.
5. Horus. Based on cyprodinil, the concentration of which is 750 g/kg. It is water-dispersible granules. The product protects pome fruit crops from Alternaria blight, moniliosis, scab, and grapes - from berry rot, stone fruit crops - from moniliosis, leaf curl, coccomycosis. 2 hours after application, Horus is no longer washed off by rain. The drug is more effective in cool, damp weather. At temperatures above 25 degrees, its activity decreases. The plants can be processed for the last time 14-30 days before harvest. Depending on the disease and type of crop, 2 g of Horus is diluted in 5 or 10 liters of water.
6. Pure flower. It is considered especially effective against powdery mildew, gray rot, and spotting. The advantage of the product is that the risk of being washed off by rain is minimal, this is due to the rapid penetration of the active component into the leaf tissue. The release form of Pure Flower is a high concentration emulsion. The working fluid is prepared from 5 liters of water and 2-4 ml of product. Treatment with it is carried out during the growing season for the purpose of prevention or at the first symptoms of infection.

Contact

The principle of contact fungicides is to protect only the parts where they are applied. These drugs do not have preventive properties. Their activity greatly depends on precipitation, the amount of working solution, chemical resistance and duration of action. Popular in the contact fungicide category are:

1. Agate. In addition to protecting crops from diseases, it helps increase productivity. Agate has a beneficial effect on the development of the root system and increases seed germination. For prevention purposes, you can use a fungicide for indoor plants. The product is produced in the form of a flowing paste in jars of 10 g. One spoon of the composition is enough for 3 liters of water. Spraying is carried out 3-4 times a season with breaks of 20 days.
2. Albite. In addition to the fungicidal effect, the drug promotes the growth and development of cultural plantings. It cures only early fungal infections. It is necessary to use a concentrated paste for watering the soil and spraying diseased plants. You can also use it to soak seeds before planting. To prepare the solution, you need to dilute 1-3 ml of concentrate in a small amount of water, gradually increasing the volume to 10 liters.
3. Bravo. It is used if wheat, potatoes, peppers and other vegetable crops are affected by the fungus. Chlorothalonil in the composition exhibits fungicidal activity. It helps get rid of late blight and perennial blight. The protective effect lasts 12-14 days. The consumption rate is 2.3-3.1 l/ha for cucumbers, potatoes, wheat, 3-3.3 l/ha for tomatoes and onions.
4. Baktofit. This product is used to treat fruit and berry crops, carnations, and roses to protect against pathogens, including powdery mildew. Baktofit is recommended for use when it is not possible to use chemicals. It works better in cool weather, even during periods of frequent rainfall, but must be applied a day before it rains. Repeat treatment after 5 days. The consumption rate is 2 g/l of water.
5. Bona Forte (Bona Forte). This composition is part of the comprehensive care for house plants older than one year. Treatment includes 3 stages: treatment and prevention of insects, fertilizing with fertilizers, stimulating the growth of green mass and the immune system. Bona Forte is effective against fungal infections, rust, and powdery mildew. To prepare the solution, you need to dilute 1 ampoule with 5 liters of water. The product cannot be stored.
6. Gamair. This biological preparation based on Bacillus subtilis is necessary for the treatment and prevention of diseases in indoor and garden plants. It is particularly active against leaf spot of bacterial origin, powdery mildew, late blight, and fusarium. The irrigation solution is prepared from 1 tablet and 5 liters of water. For spraying you need to take 2 pieces.

1. Maksim. Used to protect plants from diseases and disinfect soil. It helps get rid of root rot, fusarium, and mold. Available in 2 ml ampoules. One piece is diluted in 1-2 liters of water. The soil can be watered or sprayed. It is recommended to treat bulbs, seeds, and tubers with the solution immediately before planting. The working fluid must be used within 24 hours, so it must be used all at once.
2. Strobe. Kresoxim-methyl in the pesticide at a concentration of 500 g/kg is effective against powdery mildew, black spot, rust, scab, and root canker of shoots. For 10 liters you need to add 3-5 ml of the composition. The product is used only for prevention. If fungal spores are present, the drug will not be effective. The solution is suitable for soaking seeds of indoor plants.
3. Trichodermin. Possesses biologically impact. Indicated for the prevention of root system infections in indoor flowers and ornamental crops. The solution of the drug can be used to soak the seeds and water them. Such procedures help prevent root rot, rhizoctonia, and late blight. Release form: powder in a sachet weighing 10 g. It is diluted in 10 liters of water. The solution can be stored for up to 1 month in the refrigerator at a temperature not exceeding 5 degrees.
4. Trichophyte. Judging by the reviews, it is effective against root rot and sulfur. The product is sold in the form of a suspension. About 25 g of it are diluted with 1 liter of water. It shouldn't be too warm. The finished mixture is used for watering the soil and spraying foliage. For humans, Trichophyte is slightly toxic, so it can be used at home.
5. Fitosporin-M. A representative of microbiological preparations designed to protect garden, indoor, greenhouse and vegetable crops from bacterial and fungal diseases. Release forms: paste, powder, liquid. Bulbs and seeds are subject to treatment with them before planting or crops in the future. Fitosporin is incompatible with drugs that have alkaline reaction. It can even be frozen, this does not change the properties of the composition.

System-contact

These are more effective types of fungicides due to the combination of active components with contact and systemic action. They can be used both for the treatment and prevention of fungal diseases. Among the fungicidal preparations with such properties are:

1. Alirin. Includes soil microflora Bacillus subtilis, available in dry powder and tablets. The drug suppresses fungal infections on plants and in the soil, eliminates Alternaria blight, Rhizoctonia blight, Septoria blight, root rot, and powdery mildew. For a 10 liter bucket you need to use 2 tablets. Watering is carried out with this solution. For spraying, you need to dilute 2 tablets in 1 liter. You should not carry out more than 3 treatments. The interval between them should be 5-7 days.
2. Vectra. Used for the treatment and prevention of powdery mildew or scab in pear and apple trees, and oidium in grapes. The active ingredient is bromuconazole suspension concentrate. The working solution is prepared from 2-3 ml of product and 10 liters of water. Up to 5 liters of liquid should be used for a fruit-bearing tree, and up to 2 liters for a growing tree. Repeated treatment is indicated after 10-14 days. The latter must be no later than 10 days before the start of harvest.
3. Vitaros. Indicated for use when processing planting material (seeds and bulbs) when planting indoor plants and gardens. Vitaros suppresses fungus not only on the surface of the plant, but also inside. Available in ampoules of 2 ml and bottles of 10, 50 and 100 ml. The average consumption rate is 2 ml per 1 liter of water. Seeds or bulbs are soaked in the prepared solution for 2 hours.
4. Fitolavin. It is a prophylactic drug, used to prevent moniliosis, vascular bacteriosis, bacterial burn, root rot, anthracnose. It is a water-soluble concentrate in bottles or ampoules. Fitolavin does not destroy beneficial fauna, easily penetrates into crop tissue, and acts quickly. For 10 liters of water you need to take 20 ml of concentrate.

Copper compounds were the first to be used as plant protection agents against infections. Their effectiveness is due to the presence of moisture when applied to the organs of vegetative plants. Copper-containing preparations for plants exhibit protective and contact-prophylactic effects. From solutions, the active substance is gradually adsorbed by fungi until a lethal dose occurs. The following drugs have similar properties:

1. Abiga Peak. Contains copper oxychloride in a concentration of 400 g/l, presented in an aqueous suspension. Belongs to the category of contact fungicidal preparations. Abiga-Pik is active against fungal diseases in industrial, vegetable, flower, fruit and ornamental plants. Processing must be carried out in calm weather, always using a respirator. For 10 liters of water take 40-50 g of suspension, depending on the type of plant.
2. Bordeaux mixture. It is prepared in a special way. About 300 g of lime is slaked with water. The same is repeated with copper sulfate. Add 2-3 liters to lime hot water. Each solution is brought to a 5-liter volume. Next, the lime is filtered through double gauze, and copper sulfate is poured into it in a stream. The working mixture is actively stirred. It should have a bright blue color - this is a sign of proper concentration. A lack of lime can burn the plant, because it is an acidity neutralizer. The mixture can be stored for up to a day, provided that 7-10 g of sugar per 10 liters of solution is added to it.
3. Kurzat R. Provides reliable protection against fungal diseases due to the combination of two active components: cymoxanil and copper oxychloride. The substances have preventive, therapeutic and protective effects. The composition does not cause immunity to fungi. Protection of plants from pathogens lasts for a month. Kurzat is not dangerous for honey-bearing insects and warm-blooded animals. For 10 liters of water, use 30-50 g of wettable powder.
4. Copper sulfate. It contains copper sulfate, which helps in the treatment of diseases in pome, stone fruit, ornamental, berry, and fruit crops. It is a soluble powder. For 500-700 ml of water with a temperature of 40-50 degrees, you need to take 100 g. Stirring, bring the volume of the solution to 10 liters. You should not use metal utensils for cooking. The working mixture must be used on the same day. It should not be mixed with other drugs. Spraying is carried out in the morning or evening, when the weather is dry and wind activity is minimal.
5. Ordan. It is a cream or white powder, packaged in 25 g bags. It is effective for the treatment of fungal infections in potatoes, tomatoes, grapes, cucumbers and other crops if they are infected with peronospora, late blight, powdery mildew. Before use, the powder should be diluted with a small amount of liquid, and then the volume should be increased to 5 liters.
6. Profit Gold. Belongs to the category of contact-systemic, is effective against Alternaria and late blight. Antifungal activity is due to cymoxanil in the composition. This substance is quickly absorbed by the leaves. Additionally, the composition includes famoxadone. It remains on the surface for a long time. The drug itself is represented by dark brown granules that have a slight specific odor. One sachet can contain 1.5, 3 or 6 g. The concentration of the product in the working solution depends on the disease and culture.
7. Oksikhom. In addition to copper oxychloride, it includes oxadixyl. Presented as a soluble powder. Oxychome is used for macrosporiosis and late blight in potatoes and tomatoes, and downy mildew in cucumbers. The drug is effective against oomycete fungi. It is a dangerous substance, so it should not be mixed with other compounds. Depending on the crop, 30-35 g of powder are diluted in 10 liters.
8. Home. Is a representative of systemic contact drugs. The composition includes copper oxychloride. Hom is produced in bags of 20 or 40 g. It is active against scab of pears and apple trees, rot of plums, curl of peach leaves and mildew in grapevines. The working fluid is prepared by mixing 40 g of the substance and 10 liters of water. For indoor crops, 2-3 treatments are recommended, for garden crops – up to 5.

Fungicide treatment

The treatment procedure can be carried out using a solution when plants or soil are sprayed or watered. There is also a method of etching or adding powder to the soil. Regardless of the degree of toxicity of the fungicide, some rules must be followed:

• put on old unnecessary clothes that cover the entire body;
• use a respirator or medical mask to protect your face;
• Wear special transparent glasses over your eyes;
• at the end of the procedure, wash your hands with antibacterial soap;
• wash clothes, dry them, iron them and put them in a separate drawer.

Treatment of indoor plants

To prevent and treat diseases in indoor plants, systemic and contact fungicides are used. Experts recommend paying attention to biological products. They must be used according to the following instructions:

• depending on the selected drug, prepare a working solution from it, diluting it according to the packaging instructions;
• It is better to carry out the procedure before watering and in the morning, so that the room is ventilated during the day;
• pour the solution into a container with a sprayer, set it to the finest spray;
• spray evenly over the entire surface of the plant, without getting on the flowers themselves (it is better to cover them with a piece of paper);
• if the procedure is carried out in the summer, then remove the flower from the straight sun rays so that there is no burn;
• Blot drops of liquid on large leaves.

Treatment of garden plants

Do not start processing on a cloudy day due to the high risk of precipitation. The same applies to very windy weather, when the chemicals will be blown in the wrong direction. For processing, it is worth buying a special sprayer: lever, pump, battery or gasoline. Backpack or wheel sprayers are also convenient to use. The spraying procedure is carried out as follows:

• put on old clothes and special means protection;
• prepare a solution, pour it into a spray bottle or sprayer;
• process the required crops, evenly distributing the working fluid over each plant;
• wash the device while wearing protective equipment;
• then remove clothes, wash your hands and face thoroughly with antibacterial soap, and rinse things with soap.

Price for fungicides

You can buy this type of pesticide at markets, outdoor trays and specialized stores for gardeners. It is easy to purchase them in online stores by ordering and paying for your purchase online. Specific prices for the formulations listed above are shown in the table:

There is a huge variety of categories of medicinal preparations for plants in the world, each of which has its own characteristics, principle of action and purpose. Taking this fact into account, today we will take a detailed look at one of these categories, representing fungicides for plants, and talk about all their features, purposes and indications, which will be relevant for all gardeners.

Fungicides belong to the category of chemical (less often biological) preparations, the main purpose of which is to prevent and treat various fungal invasions in the vast majority of plants existing on our planet.

In addition, the therapeutic effect of fungicides also has a beneficial effect on the treatment and prevention of some other diseases, which is a kind of pleasant side effect.

How do they work?

Fungicides for plants are divided into two categories, each of which has its own principle of action.

Thus, contact fungicides are not absorbed and do not spread inside the plant, but only envelop it with a thin film, which protects and also has a detrimental effect on existing fungal infestations, quickly causing their death.

Systemic fungicides are absorbed and absorbed by plants, and also effectively cope with both external and internal fungal diseases, but are not susceptible to weather conditions(fungicide cannot be washed away by rain).

Regardless of which group the fungicides belong to, they all have a similar detrimental effect on the fungus, which is expressed in the following points:

1. They disrupt the process of fungal respiration.
2. They neutralize the ability of the nucleus of fungal cells to divide, which is more important for systemic fungicides.
3. They stimulate the formation of substances in the plants themselves that have a detrimental effect on fungi. The resulting substances are harmless to humans and plants.
4. When used externally, they can destroy the outer parts of the plant affected by the fungus, simultaneously causing necrosis in them. This measure is necessary to prevent the possible spread of fungal spores into healthy plant tissues after discontinuation of the drug.
5. Removes and breaks down pathogenic toxins in the plant body, which can provoke the development of both fungal and other diseases, as well as weaken the immune system.
6. They prevent the production of ergosterol in fungal cells, the suppression of which also leads to the death of fungal invasions.
7. Suppresses the formation of nucleic acids in fungal cells, which makes their development impossible.
8. Inhibits energy metabolism in fungal cells, which finally reduces their vital activity to nothing!

Also, there are biological fungicides, the effect on the fungus is in the following points:

As mentioned above, fungicides are of chemical and biological origin, and are divided into:

1. Contact drugs.
2. Systemic drugs.

In turn, in each group of fungicides there are drugs aimed at treatment, prevention, or treatment and prevention at the same time, which should be taken into account when choosing each individual product.

When purchasing a fungicide, remember that the drugs work well against any fungal infestations, but to increase their effectiveness, purchase fungicides targeted specifically at one of the above fungi, depending on which one appears on your plants.

In general, today there are more than 14 chemical classes of fungicides, a list of which is presented below:

• fungal fungicides;
• childreniocarbamates;
• imidazoles;
• carabamats;
• morpholines;
• pyrimidines;
• triazoles;
• organophosphate pesticides, etc.

Instructions for use

Fungicides are often used in three main ways, such as:

1. Etching.
2. Spraying and dusting.
3. Application to the soil.

Dressing consists of treating seeds or tubers with a fungicide for dressing before planting in order to protect the seeds from infection by the fungus and prevent their death.

Spraying and dusting consists of treating plants mainly with contact fungicides, which are sprayed onto healthy or damaged plants using a spray bottle. As a rule, several such pollinations are carried out per season, starting in spring and ending in autumn.

Application to the soil allows you to rid it of fungal spores and pathogenic microorganisms. To treat the soil, systemic fungicides are used so that, in addition to disinfecting the soil, they can be absorbed by the root system of the plant.

Fungicides for treating indoor plants are also very popular among the masses, the most effective and safe of which we have presented below:

1. Fundazol. The fungicide has a systemic effect and is both a therapeutic and prophylactic antifungal agent that can be used to treat most indoor plants. A solution of foundationazole is prepared at the rate of 1 gram of the drug per 1 liter of water. You can either water or spray plants with foundationazole, but when sprayed, it can leave light spots on the leaves, which are not dangerous, but spoil the appearance;
2. Agat-25K. A preventative fungicide that can be used as a light fertilizer. The fungicide is a biological type drug, and its solution is used at the rate of 1 scoop of the drug per 3 liters of water. The plant should be sprayed with the solution about 3-4 times, at intervals of 20 days. The drug is also suitable for seed treatment;
3. Vectra. The drug is effective against powdery mildew, septoria and gray rot. The drug is diluted at the rate of 0.3 ml of active substance per 1 liter of water. After completion of treatment, the drug retains its effect for about 2 weeks;
4. Oksikhom. A fungicide that has both contact and systemic action, and is perfect for both the garden and indoor plants. The drug exhibits its most pronounced qualities in the fight against diseases such as late blight, macrosporiosis, bacterial black spot, septoria, powdery and downy mildew. Oxychome solution is diluted at the rate of 4 grams of the substance per 2 liters of water. The diseased plant is sprayed about 3 times, at intervals of 14 days.

Fungicides for plants growing in conditions open ground, especially as agricultural crops, can be successfully treated with the above preparations, as well as some other fungicides presented below:

1. Colloidal sulfur. The drug has proven itself in the fight against powdery mildew, anthracnose, ascochyta blight and even mites. A solution of this sulfur is made at the rate of 10 liters of water per 100 grams of the drug. Plants are treated in 5 approaches, at intervals of 2 weeks;
2. Speed One of the best drugs today, which has a long period of action. Skor is a systemic fungicide that protects plants from almost all fungal invasions. A quick solution is made at the rate of 30 milliliters of the drug per 1 liter of water;
3. Strobe. An excellent remedy against powdery mildew, peronosporosis, rust and all other fungi. Suitable for both vegetables, grains and fruit trees, and for wild plants of our latitudes. The strobe solution is made at the rate of 0.4 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water.

List of drugs on our market and their names

There is a huge number of fungicides on our market, which are constantly updated with new samples. The most popular and well-proven drugs are presented in the following list:

1. Previkur Energy. An effective systemic fungicide that fights a number of diseases: late blight. perenospora, root rot, black leg. The drug is used for large quantities vegetables: cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, and also protects flowers, ornamental shrubs and seedlings of fruit and berry trees. The product stimulates plant growth and strengthens the root system.

   Previkur is the only product in Russia, after using which vegetables can be eaten within 24 hours.
   Easy to use: according to instructions required quantity The drug is diluted with water and watered into the soil, at the root of the plant.

Consento, KS. Available in the form of a suspension, it is a systemic fungicide. Prevents late blight on tomatoes and potatoes, downy mildew on cucumbers and onions, mildew on grapes, root and basal rot when growing seedlings.
The drug begins to act from the first day after treatment, has a preventive and therapeutic effect, and is highly heat-resistant.

Easy to use: pour 5 liters of water, measure 20 ml of the drug, pour into water and mix.

Pour the solution into the sprayer, pump up the pressure and spray evenly onto the plant until the leaves are completely wetted.

Abiga-pik. Available in the form of an aqueous suspension, and is suitable for the treatment of fungi and bacterial infections of all vegetable, flower and fruit crops. The drug can be used at any time, and its dosage, as well as the regimen of use, should be studied in the accompanying instructions;

2. Acrobat MC. Available in the form of water-dispersible granules, and is suitable for antifungal treatment of potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes and grapes. Spraying is carried out exclusively during the growing season, and the last treatment is done no earlier than 30 days before harvest, so that the fruits have time to remove this toxic drug;
3. Alirin B. It is a biological fungicide and is available in powder or tablet form. The drug is aimed at treating the root system of plants from rot, as well as destroying fungal spores in the soil itself. Moreover, the drug removes toxicity from the soil after it has been treated with other pesticides, by restoring the microflora in it and breaking down toxic elements into safe chemical compounds. Suitable for all garden and household crops. Treatment can be carried out in any season, when there is a need to destroy fungi in the soil, or to save the root system from death;
4. Bordeaux mixture. Available in powder form, it is intended for fungal protection of all vegetable, citrus, fruit, grain, melon and ornamental crops. The mixture is toxic and should only be used while wearing protective clothing. The treatment is carried out during the period of active plant growth, and the fruits are picked a month after the last treatment. The drug is compatible with most other fungicides and pesticides;
5. Gamair. Available in the form of powder or tablets, and belongs to the category of biological fungicides. Suitable for the treatment of fungal infestations, as well as the fight against necrosis of the stem core, soft rot, bacterial cancer tomato Combines with most types of both garden and indoor plants. It is used during the growing season, and for its production it requires the addition of gamaira to the solution liquid soap, at the rate of 1 milliliter per 10 liters of working fluid;
6. Glyocradin. Supplied in the form of tablets or suspension concentrate. Biological fungicide to suppress fungi in the soil and destroy their spores. Suitable for all types of fruit, vegetable and indoor crops. The drug cannot be combined with other fungicides of chemical origin. The treatment can be carried out at any time of the year when it is necessary to suppress fungal spores in the soil;
7. Quadris. It is a powder and is contact fungicide with a wide spectrum of action, which is suitable for fruit, vegetable, fruit and berry crops. Treatment is carried out during the growing season. Treatment is prohibited during flowering of plants, as well as if the temperature environment exceeds 30 degrees. The drug begins to act after 2 hours, and continues to act for 7-12 days, until the next treatment;
8. Oksikhom. Supplied in the form of a soluble powder, it is a systemic contact fungicide aimed at protecting tomatoes, cucumbers and potatoes. Use during plant growth, but prohibited during flowering;
9. Thanos. Supplied in granule form. The drug is aimed at protecting potatoes. Thanos is used up to 4 times per season. The drug is applied to the soil at intervals of 10-15 days;
10. Fundazol. Supplied in powder form, it is a common systemic fungicide that has earned respect among the masses. The foundation is used throughout the growing season, carrying out 3-5 treatments per season. The last treatment should be carried out 7, 10 or 20 days before harvest, depending on the crop;
11. Home. Supplied in powder form, packaged in sachets. It is a systemic contact fungicide that has proven itself excellent in the fight against apple and pear scab, late blight and curl. The drug is used during the growing season, with the exception of the flowering period. Treatment with the drug is prohibited at ambient temperatures above 30 degrees.
12. Horus. Supplied in granule form, it is aimed at protecting fruit and seed crops. It performs best in cool weather not exceeding 15 degrees Celsius. Use throughout the season, starting in early spring. Stop using 15 days before harvesting with seeds, and 30 days before harvesting with seeds.

Precautionary measures

When working with fungicides, always wear protective clothing in the form of gloves, goggles, an apron and a respirator, and strictly follow the instructions on the package. Keep fungicides away from children and pets.

Do not eat fruits treated with fungicide before it has dissolved. Preparations that are classified as fungicides are toxic; do not allow them to enter drinking water sources.

Conclusion

Today we learned the names of the main groups of fungicides presented on the markets of the CIS countries, which will be useful to all summer residents and plant lovers. Remember, when buying a fungicide, be sure to read the instructions, otherwise you risk destroying your plant by ineptly selecting dosages.

Content

Fungi are the causative agents of many diseases in plants. To destroy them, special chemical and biological substances are used. Fungicides are one of the types of pesticides - products intended to destroy pests and diseases of various crops.

What is the fungicidal effect of drugs on plants?

The name of the substances - fungicides - comes from the merger of two Latin words “fungus” and “caedo”, which mean “mushroom”, “I kill”. The compositions are directed against pathogenic fungi that cause plant diseases. Study the effects of fungicides:

• fungicidal - responsible for destroying the fungus;
• fungistatic – partially suppresses the development of unwanted organisms;
• preventive – prevents the formation of fungus.

Fungicides belong to the category of pesticides: they are included in the group consisting of insecticides, bactericides, nematicides, and acaricides. Protective and preventive properties are manifested due to the content:

• sulfur and its compounds: barium polysulfides, calcium;
• metal salts: especially copper, mercury, cadmium;
• salts of dithiocarbamic acids;
• phenol derivatives;
• triazole derivatives, imidazole;

To learn more about the effects of fungicides, study their main varieties. Each type is different individual characteristics:

Prevention and protection against diseases is carried out using watering, spraying, and seed dressing. Methods of using fungicides:

• dressing of seeds, bulbs, tubers - disinfection of planting material is carried out, further infection by fungus and death of seeds and plants are prevented;
• spraying and pollination - contact fungicides are used, the compositions are sprayed onto the affected crops using a spray bottle, if necessary, the procedure is repeated, start pollination in the spring, end in the fall;
• application to the soil - systemic fungicides are used, which not only effectively destroy fungal spores and pathogenic microorganisms, but are also well absorbed by the root system of plants.

Like any other chemical compounds, fungicides should be used taking into account certain safety rules. Use the following recommendations:

1. Before work, wear protective clothing: gloves, goggles, apron, respirator.
2. Read the instructions on the package.
3. Make sure that small children and animals do not come into contact with the substances.
4. Do not eat processed fruits; wait until the substance dissolves.
5. Remember that fungicides are poisonous, so keep them out of your drinking water.

Effective fungicides for indoor plants

Emulsions, powders, and solutions are produced for treating indoor plants. There are biological and chemical antifungal preparations for plants. The latter are recommended to be used before the period of active growth, after flowering and harvesting. Biological fungicides are often approved for use at any time.

Biological antifungal agents for the garden

Fungicidal biological products contain active bacteria that destroy pathogens and prevent their reappearance.

Systemic fungicides for the garden

Systemic fungicides quickly move through the vascular system of adult plants, protecting their growths that have developed after treatment. The main purpose of such compositions is to eliminate existing diseases and prevent their occurrence. The most effective fungicides are listed in the table:

Growing plants in garden areas near private houses, cottages or country mansions is a favorite pastime of many summer residents and gardeners. But on different stages Such work requires looking for effective methods to combat an impressive number of dangerous diseases and pests that, like an invisible scourge, attack all garden crops and turn them into garbage. To avoid this kind of event, many summer residents choose special fungicidal preparations that quickly and effectively eliminate the problem by performing comprehensive treatment of flowers, vegetables and other plants against the development of dangerous diseases.

What is the high benefit of systemic fungicides, why do such drugs have excellent antifungal and anti-stress properties, and what products deserve to be in your garden because of their performance and reliability?

It is important to understand that there are organic and inorganic preparations. In any case, both the first and second types may be the only solution for combating various fungal pests. Currently, the list of systemic fungicides is crowded with a lot of different proposals. The list of available products is very extensive and is constantly expanding, so choose the right product for your personal plot Anyone can.

Biological fungicides for plants are special substances of biological origin that serve effective means for the prevention, prevention and control of fungal infections, insects and other pests that can harm indoor flowers or garden crops. Most drugs are indispensable for providing reliable protection seeds during the dressing period.

If we translate the term from Latin, it will mean “killing mushrooms.” Timely use of fungicides for indoor plants or garden and vegetable crops will preserve the health of plants, improve yields, and also prevent the development of dangerous mycoses. For this reason, every self-respecting summer resident should respond responsibly to the need to purchase such drugs for his plot.

Characteristics and basic properties

With proper use of fungicides for plants, the protection of fruit and vegetable crops, as well as indoor plants, will be maximum. Such products effectively fight pathogenic fungi and prevent their further development. If you don’t know how to make the right choice, you can’t figure out the names and models, trust the professional employees from hypermarkets for home, garden and vegetable gardens, or study the mass of available articles on dacha portals. Tips like these will help you make the right choice, which is perfect for specific circumstances and situations.

Fungicidal substances may differ depending on certain parameters that determine the strength of the effect. To accept correct solution When choosing a suitable drug, you should take into account such features.

Based on their origin, fungicides are divided into:

• organic (biofungicides that consist of certain bacteria);
• inorganic (drugs created using complex chemical reactions and connections).

According to the degree of decomposition there are:

1. inorganic fungicidal preparations that remain in the soil for a long time and have a great effect on pests;
2. models of biological origin that are environmentally safe and harmless to the environment and soil;

By force of influence:

• compositions from plant components. They are considered “softer” and safer, but their effectiveness is not high enough;
• formulations based on chemicals that work much faster, but very often contain toxic components and can cause harm to the human body;

Other Features

Fungicides can also be divided into different groups according to the nature of distribution in plant tissues:

According to the purpose of use:

• for soil treatment;
• for treating pre-prepared seeds;
• for spraying during the growing season;
• for effective prevention of fungus;
• as universal composition(sometimes it is used when processing cultivated coniferous plants);

It is important to note that in Lately There has been an incredible increase in the popularity of biofungicides, which are characterized by a more gentle action and good performance. Many summer residents and gardeners refuse to use chemicals, fearing that they may harm plants and soil quality. Very often, such products cause various diseases in people, including complex degrees of poisoning, if basic care rules were not followed during processing. In turn, biological fungicides for plants are particularly effective in protecting indoor flowers and agricultural crops that are eaten.

Features of application

Fungicides are presented in the form of special powders that are applied to the soil or used to treat seeds, as well as in the form of solutions intended for spraying plants. Some types of drugs will be effective at different stages of life and development of fruit and vegetable crops. If we are talking about the fight against fungal infections of different crops, then it is necessary to follow basic safety rules, protecting yourself from the negative effects of active substances:

Failure to follow any rules can lead to various negative consequences, causing an allergic reaction or poisoning. It is better not to risk your health and pay attention to the mandatory preparation for the upcoming procedure.

Use of preparations for indoor flowers and garden crops

To effectively prevent fungal diseases, contact and systemic fungicides are used. At home, experts recommend using biological preparations that contain active bacteria. When used in city apartments, compositions in the form of emulsions, solutions and powders can be used. As for chemical fungicides, they can be applied before the beginning of the growing season or after flowering and harvesting. fruit harvest. Biological preparations are suitable for use at any time of the year, and certain products can also be used when harvesting fruits.

Indoor flowers need intensive protection from a wide variety of pests and diseases, so their use should be mandatory. Otherwise, the intensity of development of dangerous diseases will be very high.

As for the use of fungicidal-based solution and powder for the garden, such preparations will be effective when soaking seeds. They can also be added to the soil during loosening and digging. This will prevent the development of fungus in the soil and protect it from the development of dangerous pests. Spraying is carried out in early spring and towards the end of autumn, which is effective method for antifungal treatment of crops, especially peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes, etc.

In order for the use of the drug to be as effective as possible, it is necessary to properly dilute it in accordance with a certain proportion and general rules. So, dilution of the fungicide occurs as follows:

Experts do not recommend preparing too large volumes of fungicides. Also, the solution should not be left open during storage. This can lead to disastrous consequences, including poisoning of people or pets who may accidentally drink part of the composition.

Features of choosing an effective drug

When it comes to choosing a fungicidal agent, you need to know a number of subtleties and features that will significantly simplify the upcoming purchase. In the process, it is necessary to take into account the area of ​​treatment, the types of plants being treated, the degree of toxicity and the extent of the damage. You should also take into account the advice of professional agricultural technicians, gardeners, gardeners and connoisseurs of various flower plants. Do not forget that in nature there are a lot of pathogenic fungi that can be resistant to any chemical compounds, so from time to time the drugs used need to be replaced with others in order to increase their effectiveness.

Among the most popular fungicides that have proven themselves in the fight against various diseases and fungi are the following:

Before purchasing one of the products you are interested in, carefully read the instructions and take the selection of the appropriate proportion with full responsibility. This will avoid negative consequences in the future and carry out for real effective prevention or treating plants in your garden.

Fungi are a serious problem; they contribute to the development of various diseases affecting flowers, garden plants, vegetables and berry crops, soil. In order to protect vegetables and fruits from diseases, as well as prevent re-infection, gardeners use biological fungicides for plants. Below we will provide a list of such drugs with names and descriptions.

Fungicides are called chemicals. With their help, they fight pathogens that are causative agents of various fungal diseases in crops. These are powdery mildew, late blight, gray rot, downy mildew, fusarium and others. If fungicides are used correctly, then they actively kill the fungus without harming the crops.

Depending on your chemical properties fungicides are divided into two types:

The advantages of organic fungicides are that they are non-toxic, they can be combined with various pesticides, but chemical preparations are compatible with very few substances.

Inorganic fungicides

Gardeners and gardeners often change preparations and buy new ones to combat various pests in the most effective way. Particular attention is paid to such drugs that, in small doses, can give maximum effect. But you shouldn't experiment like that.

It is better to buy well-known, proven drugs that have already been used and have proven themselves well. It is best to treat plants before they begin to bloom and after the harvest is harvested.

Organic preparations

There are many different contact medications on the market. They are prepared differently than inorganic fungicides. In organic preparations, the main component is active bacteria, which, during use, are capable of inhibiting pathogens of fungal diseases of crops.

It is preferable to use biological fungicides in the dacha and garden because they are non-toxic, do not harm humans, plants, bees, animals, fish, and are highly effective. The drugs can be used during the growing season. Nowadays preparations are produced that can be used during fruit ripening and harvesting.

List of drugs

Fungicides, due to their influence, have different effects on plants; the structure of the treated crop and the composition of the fungicide are also taken into account. The most common drugs are:

"Abiga-pik"

It contains copper oxychloride. Local biological preparation in the form of a suspension. Characterized by the fact that it has wide range actions. Its purpose is to destroy fungi that form on grapevines, vegetable, industrial, fruit, ornamental crops, as well as on plants medicinal use and flowers.

It has moderate toxicity; if the recommended doses are met, it is not phytotoxic. Proportions: 40 g/10 l of water;

"Strobirulin"

Intraplant fungicide, used for preventive spraying, protects crops from the appearance of fungal diseases. Resistant to heat treatment, spreads well throughout the crop. Proportions: 50g per 8 liters of liquid;

"Acrobat MC" (dimethomorph)

Biological preparation in granules. Intraplant local fungicide for the destruction of late blight, dry spotting on potatoes. It destroys powdery mildew on grapes and cucumbers. Toxic. It is necessary to spray during growth. Harvesting can be done no earlier than 20 or 30 days after spraying. Proportions: 20 g per 5 liters of water;

"Alirin B"

Reduces toxicity in the soil after plants are treated with chemical fungicides and restores their microflora. It is recommended to use for plants that grow at home and in the garden, can be combined with other biological drugs. proportions: 2 tablets per 10 liters of water;

"Bordeaux mixture" (copper sulfate, calcium hydroxide)

Powdered preparation, actively protects vegetables and fruits, berries and melons, as well as ornamental plants and flowers. Toxic. Proportions: 300 g per 10 liters of water;

"Triazole"

Used for the prevention and treatment of plants. Mainly penetrates through leaves. Proportions: 5 g per 8 liters;

"Gamair"

Biological fungicide, powdered and in tablet form, used to exterminate fungi that infect crops and soil. It can be used for indoor plants and all varieties of fruit trees. Proportions: 2 tablets per 10 liters of water;

"Glyokladin"

A drug in the form of a suspension and tablets. This is an organic fungicide that serves to destroy fungal pathogens in the soil. Used for the prevention and treatment of plants in the garden and in the house. Compatible with inorganic fungicides. Proportions: 1 tablet per 300 ml;

"Quadris" (azoxystrobin)

The suspension is fungicidal, having a wide range of effects. Serves as protection for soil, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, potatoes and grapes from different varieties fungi, brown spot and powdery mildew. Increases productivity. Phytotoxic, compatible with other fungicides. Proportions: 200 ml per 7 liters of water;

"Benzimidazole"

An intraplant drug that is able to penetrate the soil and then into the roots of crops. Treats, protects seeds, has a disinfectant effect. Proportions: 100 ml per 6 liters of water;

"Dithiocarbamate"

The drug is local, it is used to prevent the possibility of fungi appearing on the stems and leaves of plants. Proportions: 1 mg per 1 l;

"Immidazole"

A local fungicide used to combat mold and powdery mildew. proportions: 6 mg per 10 liters of water;

Copper sulfate (copper sulfate)

Contact preparation, powdery, having wide range actions. Designed to destroy fungal diseases and various diseases in berry, fruit and ornamental crops and shrubs. Proportions: 100 g per 10 liters of water;

"Oxyhom"

Systemically local powdered fungicide with a wide spectrum of action. It perfectly protects tomatoes and potatoes from macrosproriosis and late blight, and cucumbers from powdery mildew. Proportions: 20 g per 10 liters of water;

"Raek" (difenoconazole)

An emulsion fungicide that protects plants for a long time, effectively treats late blight, powdery mildew, coccomycosis and leaf curl. Has the ability to quickly penetrate plants. When two hours have passed since spraying, it is not washed off by rain. Proportions: 2 ml per 10 liters of water;

"Strobe" (cresoximmethyl)

A highly effective preparation, granulated, has a wide range of effects, which is aimed at treating diseases of grapes, as well as ornamental, vegetable and fruit crops. Helps with black spotting, powdery mildew, and scab. Proportions: 4 ml per 8 liters of water;

"Fundazol"

Powdered intraplant fungicide that has a protective effect against various fungal infections of seeds and plant leaves. Quickly eliminates traces of powdery mildew, gray rot and spotting. Compatible with various regulators necessary for growth, pesticides and fertilizers. Proportions: 10 g per 0.5 l;

"Horus" (cyprodinil)

A granular product that perfectly protects pear and apple trees from Alternaria and monilosis. Saves berries and grapes from various rot. Proportions: 2 g per 10 l.

Results

The most highly effective and widespread means for combating various fungi and crop diseases are fungicides. When choosing a drug, you should take into account that it is as effective as possible. It is important that the product causes as little harm to the plants as possible. Therefore, low-toxic fungicides are preferable. Before using fungicides, you must read the instructions and prepare the solution, strictly following the dosages indicated therein.