In the modern, raging world, where time has acquired unprecedented value due to the fact that it is constantly in short supply, and you want to get results immediately and immediately, even in construction technologies and materials, speed of execution, low cost and minimum costs for operation. That is why those who want to quickly move into their own separate housing are increasingly choosing to build houses from sandwich panels. Such houses can be erected literally in a matter of days at any time of the year, warm up quickly and retain heat well, which reduces heating costs, have good sound insulation, and most importantly, their construction is very cheap. Let's figure out what sandwich panels are, whether it's worth building such a house and how to do it yourself. Babushkinsky district of Moscow perfect place for accommodation.
IN Lately advertising of houses made of sandwich panels does not stop for a minute. From every iron we are assured that these are the strongest houses in the world, everything collapses around, but panel buildings remain intact, that they are the warmest and most economical, do not deform or sag, and in general - it is simply impossible to find anything better. But the most absurd thing is something else: you can often find advertisements with the following content: “We are building houses from sandwich panels. ECOhousing for ridiculous money”, etc. So - a house made of SIP panels is by no means environmentally friendly and harmless to health. The only reason why such a house can be called ECO is that by living in it, you can save on heating, and therefore save Natural resources. Those. IVF comes from the word “savings”. Let's figure out what are the advantages of the technology of building houses from sandwich panels and what are the disadvantages.
Advantages of houses made of sandwich panels:
As you can see, the list is rather long, but there are also flaws:
Now the choice is up to everyone, to build or not to build. Of course, the low cost of a house made of sandwich panels is a significant argument, which is why such houses are often built in summer cottages for temporary residence. If you decide that you need just such a house, let's look further.
SIP(Structural insulated panel) or sandwich panels are a material consisting of three layers.
As outer layers durable used sheet material: OSB (oriented strand board), magnesite boards, fiberboard (fibreboard), wooden boards. The thickness of the plates is 9 mm or 12 mm. Most often in SIP panels For the construction of houses, OSB-3 (OSB-3) boards with a thickness of 12 mm are used, intended for use in load-bearing structures at high humidity.
core sandwich panel is insulation: expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam or mineral wool. The thickness of the material varies depending on the customer's needs and can be from 50 mm to 250 mm. The most commonly used polystyrene foam is PSB-25 or PSB-S-25 with a density of 25 kg/m³.
The outer layers are glued to the core underneath high pressure. The result is a new, durable composite material.
In the CIS countries, SIP panels of various sizes are used:
12+100+12=124 mm;
12+150+12=174 mm;
12+200+12=224 mm.
OSB (Oriented Strand Board) or OSB is made from wood chips with a diameter of no more than 0.6 mm and a length of no more than 140 mm. The chips are laid in three layers perpendicular to each other, a waterproof adhesive resin is added and the material is pressed under high pressure and temperature. The result is a material with increased bending strength and increased elasticity. The surface of OSB boards is waterproof, and the boards themselves are easy to saw with any woodworking tool. Distinctive feature OSB boards differ from other similar materials in that the ability to hold the fasteners is provided not by the resin, but by the method of laying the chips.
Expanded polystyrene is 98% composed of carbon dioxide, thanks to which it has its thermal insulation qualities. It burns, melts from an open fire and releases compounds. Mice love to live in polystyrene foam, gnawing nests in it. In SIP panels, polystyrene foam is covered on both sides with OSB boards, this ensures (albeit partial) fire safety of the structure. Used in SIP panels due to its low cost and lightness.
Mineral wool with a density of 100 - 120 kg/m³ can also be used in SIP panels. It does not support combustion, does not burn itself and does not spread fire. During heating, it may release unpleasant odors binder, but, nevertheless, much more environmentally friendly than polystyrene foam. Rarely used in SIP panels due to their heavy weight (the panel will weigh 2 times more than with PSB) and high cost. Usage mineral wool as a core, the cost of a house made of sandwich panels increases by 1.5 - 2 times.
Having decided to build a house from sandwich panels, you first need to create a house project. Panel construction technology gives large field to select a ready-made project and allows you to adapt other projects.
SIP panels are available in standard sizes 2500x1250 mm and 2800x1250 mm. This determines the typical height of the first and second floors of the house. Although you can build walls of any height, you will then have to sharpen the panels, which is not very beautiful or reliable.
Panel thickness 124 mm, 174 mm, 224 mm sets the area internal space. For internal partitions panels with a thickness of 124 mm are used.
Without help construction organization this issue still cannot be solved. Making sandwich panels yourself negates all the savings and low cost of such a house, since this is not an easy and labor-intensive task.
By contacting a design bureau or construction company, you need to develop a project for your home. Then, based on this project, SIP panels of the required size and parameters are manufactured. Buying strictly standard panels and then customizing them to fit the project is also possible, but it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. When the order for the production of panels is completed, they are delivered to the construction site by truck and begin assembling the house.
Prefabricated house made of sandwich panels - a lightweight structure that does not require heavy buried foundation. Most often, strip shallow foundations or slab, pile-grillage, strip-column foundations are used.
Consider the option of a shallow strip foundation:
Let the foundation dry completely for 28 days, then remove the formwork. We waterproof the surface of the foundation by laying roofing felt in 2 - 3 layers or hydroglass insulation, and coat it with bitumen mastic on top. It is better to do this shortly before the construction of the walls begins, so that the waterproofing layer is not exposed to the open air for a long time.
We take a beam with a cross-section of 250x150 mm and lay it in the middle of the foundation. We carefully measure the horizontalness of its location.
We connect the timber in the corners using a “half-tree” or “paw” notch. Then we secure the connection wooden dowel. To do this, drill a hole in the beams with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 100 - 150 mm. Drive in a dowel slightly shorter than the hole. We finish it off with a mallet.
We secure the timber to the foundation using anchors. There are two anchors in the corners and at a distance of 1.5 - 2 m from each other. The anchor length should be 350 mm, diameter 10 - 12 mm. We recess the heads of the anchor bolts into the strapping beam.
A special feature of construction using Canadian technology is that it is possible to build a house entirely from sandwich panels, including the floor, the floors, the attic floor, and even the roof.
But our domestic construction companies Nevertheless, it is recommended to install a regular wooden floor on joists in such houses, laying insulation between the joists. This will make it more reliable and durable; such a floor will be easier to repair and disassemble in case of unforeseen situations or breakdowns.
Let's consider the option of arranging a floor from SIP panels:
Important! The gap between the edge of the OSB board and the surface of the insulation inside the panel should be 20 - 25 mm. This is enough to tightly connect the panels with 50 mm thick timber.
Important! Sometimes they do it differently. The connecting beams have no protruding parts; they are the same dimensions as the dimensions of the future floor. After the structure is assembled from sandwich panels, into the grooves of which beams are inserted, the panels are also connected along the perimeter with a solid 40x200 mm trim board. Then this structure is installed on the beam of the lower trim and fixed with anchors.
The next stage of building a house from sandwich panels is laying the guide board, also called a “lay board”. The dimensions of this board depend entirely on the thickness of the sandwich panel. Let us assume for simplicity that our sandwich panel is 224 mm thick. Then we will need a board 50x200 mm.
Important! When building walls from sandwich panels, it is extremely important to install the first corner panels evenly. All other panels will only repeat the spatial arrangement of these two, and it will be impossible to make a mistake and place them non-vertically.
Openings for windows and doors can be cut into already installed walls or in advance, which is somewhat more difficult to accurately calculate, except in cases where sandwich panels are ordered strictly according to the design at the manufacturer.
To the beam top harness The floor beams are fastened in the standard way. There are several such fastenings: by cutting, using corners or brackets. You can choose any one.
Important! As already written above, the ceilings of the second or attic floor can also be completely made using sandwich panels in the same way as the floor. But this method is not strong enough and is more labor-intensive.
The roof for a house made of sandwich panels can be made with a regular rafter roof, where the rafters rest on the Mauerlat or on grooves cut in the tenon beams attic floor. Then the sheathing is stuffed onto the rafters and laid roofing material. If the attic is cold, there is no point in insulating it. If an attic is planned, then insulation is laid between the rafters and closed from the inside vapor barrier film. On the roof side, a waterproofing superdiffusion membrane is applied to the insulation.
But there are other ways. The photo showing a house made of sandwich panels shows that the roof is made entirely of sandwich panels. In this case, the roof is installed starting from one edge, gradually building up along the ridge. First, the first rafters are installed, which are fixed with self-tapping screws to the Mauerlat. Sandwich panels are then attached to them, just like in the walls.
Then the next rafter is installed, which is inserted into the groove of the previous panels, etc. This method more labor-intensive than installation regular roof with insulation.
In general, assembling a house from sandwich panels is not very good difficult task. Two or three people can handle it in two weeks if the weather is favorable. IN rainy weather It is better not to work with panels, since the edges of fresh cuts are unprotected and susceptible to moisture. The most convenient way to install windows is standard sizes so that you don’t have to order individually later.
Houses are built from a wide variety of materials - it can be concrete or brick, timber, blocks, etc. Each material has its own advantages. Great importance has the price of the material, as well as its reliability and practicality. Sandwich panels for building a house are a convenient building material that allows you to quickly, easily and inexpensively build a house of any kind.
Sandwich panel – quite broad concept. In any case, it means two outer layers, between which the insulation is fixed. Exterior sheets can be wood, metal or composite materials. Insulation - mineral wool, polyurethane foam, fiberglass or. For residential construction, they are usually made from polystyrene foam as insulation.
A private house from SIP panels 
SIP panels are very durable and can withstand loads of more than 2.5 tons Sandwich wall panels are quite lightweight; ordinary or. A metal or wooden frame, to which the panels are attached. A frame is not needed for assembly, since the panels themselves and the beam connecting them cope well with this role. The panels are suitable for installation not only load-bearing walls, but also internal partitions. withstand large longitudinal loads, so they can be considered wall. For roofs and floors, if sandwich panels are used, then with additional frame from beams.
A house made of sandwich panels does not shrink; immediately after the walls are erected and placed under the roof, it can be connected to communications, occupied and moved in. This is how sandwich houses differ from brick or wooden ones.
Today, a variety of house designs are offered, for which enterprises manufacture ready set panels. A prefabricated house is built quickly, lasts a long time, and during operation is in no way inferior to houses made from other materials. Such houses include - they are easily assembled like a designer - two or three people can handle such work without the involvement of heavy equipment.
Such a prefabricated Canadian house can be built in just 3 weeks | Panel view | Dimensions, mm | OSB thickness, mm | Price per panel | Price per m2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Today, building a house from any material is not a particular problem. But the most amazing thing is that you can build a house in a minimum amount of time. This technology for building houses is called Canadian.
SIP technology (structural insulating panels, also called sandwich panels) appeared in Canada forty years ago and only recently reached Russian consumers. However, this technology has already gained popularity, mainly due to its low cost and speed of construction.
The use of sandwich panels provides a unique opportunity to build a house in a matter of weeks and move in immediately after construction. This is a big plus for those who want to check in faster new house. Residential buildings SIP panels are built at any time of the year, retain heat well in winter and cool in summer, and have excellent sound insulation.
What are SIP panels
When building a house using Canadian technology, SIP panels are used, which are a three-layer structure. The insulating outer layers are made from different materials– metal, plastic or fiberboard. Internal represents thermal insulation layer, which, depending on the required tasks, can be made of fiberglass, mineral wool, polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam.
All three layers are bonded using hot or cold pressing.
Sandwich panels with metal coating. Metal is more resistant to external influence, has excellent sound insulation and is fire resistant.
The choice of sandwich panels depends on your wishes in terms of noise and heat insulation of the house. The thicker the internal insulating layer, the more expensive the panel will be. More detailed information, as well as sales of sandwich panels, is available at the link.
Advantages of building houses from SIP panels
Now let's see how high-quality and justified the characteristics of houses built using Canadian construction technology are:
As you can see from this list, there are many advantages to building a house using SIP technology. However, there are some limitations.
Disadvantages of using sandwich panels for construction
Like any other material, SIP panels also have their disadvantages:
Any material for building a house will have pros and cons; the choice of “what to build from” is up to you, depending on your financial capabilities and the desired result.
What kind of houses are built using sandwich panels?
The active popularization of SIP technology is capturing more and more people's attention, and today many are thinking about building houses using this technology.
Using Canadian technology, it is possible to build completely different structures - from garages to sports complexes and agricultural buildings.
But the most popular type of construction is still the construction of a residential building. These can be small one-story houses or spacious cottages. After all, the cost of a house using Canadian technology allows for the least expensive construction.
A popular type of buildings made from sandwich panels are dachas. It is much more pleasant to have a warm, cozy and roomy house on your site that you can build in one season and enjoy your holiday in it for many years. At the same time, the country house will have all the characteristics of a full-fledged real estate.
The Dachny Season company builds turnkey houses from SIP panels according to ready-made and individual projects. We have been working in the field of low-rise housing construction for more than 15 years and provide a full range of services - from geological surveys of the site and design to commissioning of objects and waste removal.
SIP panels (Structural Insulated Panel) are used as external wall structures. It's environmentally friendly pure material with a base made of polystyrene foam 150 mm thick. Under high pressure, it is covered on both sides with sheets of moisture-resistant OSB-3 (class E1).
Standard-sized panels are factory-fabricated and then cut to fit the needs of a specific project. The power frame is made from chamber-dried planed boards (humidity 14-18%), all lumber is additionally coated with an antiseptic composition.
SIP houses are assembled "turnkey" on a pile-screw or strip foundation in 1.5-2 months. They have high sound and heat insulation properties, are not susceptible to insects, and are resistant to longitudinal and transverse mechanical loads. House construction technology allows you to hide internal communications in the walls and does not impose restrictions on the choice of materials for facade cladding and interior decoration.
The catalog of the company "Dachny Season" presents projects of houses of various sizes, number of storeys and architecture. Any of them can be adapted to the specific wishes of the customer. We publish detailed drawings, descriptions of materials, equipment, and photos of finished objects.
Our advantages:
Specialists of the Dachny Season company, for an additional fee, are ready to lay internal communications, carry out internal and external Finishing work, install interior doors, install a drain, hem the roof with soffits. You can buy it separately from us finished project houses from SIP panels or order the development of an individual architectural and planning solution.
Delivery of materials within Moscow and the Moscow region (within 100 km from the Moscow Ring Road) is free. For advice on choosing a project, please call: +7 (499) 650–50–18.
A house made of sandwich panels can be built at any time of the year, spending a minimum of time on all the necessary construction activities. For this reason, such residential buildings are currently popular all over the world.
The technology for constructing houses from the products we are interested in has now been worked out to the smallest detail. The construction process itself is quite simple and straightforward. If desired, a building made of sandwich panels (SIP or SIP) can be erected independently, without involving specialists in the process. The key advantages of such residential buildings are given below:
After describing all the advantages, you might think that the sandwich panels used to build a house are ideal material for arranging a comfortable and economical home. But not everything is so rosy. The disadvantages of the described buildings will be discussed in the next section.
Houses made from sandwich products last no more than 25–30 years. In terms of strength, they are significantly inferior to buildings made of concrete, brick and natural wood. The panels in question are non-ecological products. In their production, synthetic products, various additives and chemically produced resins are used.
Also, the disadvantage of residential buildings made from SIP is their complete tightness. such that the output is a kind of thermos building in which the air is not renewed. It is necessary to equip it with supply and exhaust forced ventilation. The costs of its proper installation significantly increase the cost of construction.
SIP buildings are officially classified as flammability category G1. It is believed that one can live in such houses without fear of fire. In practice this is not entirely true. Sandwich products burn actively and quickly and at the same time emit a lot of harmful substances. In addition, polystyrene foam, which is part of the panels, becomes liquid when burning and collects into hot drops, which fall from top to bottom like a kind of fiery rain. Putting out such a fire is problematic.
House designs made from sandwich panels are designed for home use in almost any weather conditions. As noted, such buildings do not collapse even in strong hurricane winds. But punching a hole in a building with a hammer or an ax is not at all difficult. This is worth remembering for those who decide to build their own SIP house.
And one more important point. A house made of sandwich panels that you plan to build with your own hands requires the design and installation of a special heating system - air heating. It makes sense to entrust its installation to professionals. In principle, it is also possible to install a standard heating system– with batteries under the windows, traditional wiring. But then you can forget about saving on heating your home. But this is one of the main advantages of SIP buildings.
Sandwich panels are special three-layer products. They consist of:
The core and outer layers of SIP are connected into single design under pressure. The result is a composite material with increased strength characteristics.
We already said that sandwich inexpensive home usually made with an expanded polystyrene core. This material consists almost entirely of carbon dioxide (approximately 98%), which gives the products unique heat-shielding properties. In addition, polystyrene foam is a very light and inexpensive material. It is worth remembering that it can melt if there is a source of open fire nearby.
Mineral wool does not burn and does not support combustion processes. But it is rarely used for making SIPs. The reason is its high cost and heavy weight. Panels with a mineral wool core weigh 2–2.5 times more than products made from polyurethane foam and expanded polystyrene. If you build a house from SIP with mineral wool insulation, the cost of construction work approximately doubles.
Let's say a few words about the outer layers of the products that interest us. It is advisable to use those panels that are made from wood chips (OSB). The latter has a length of up to 14 cm and a cross-section of up to 0.6 mm. Such chips are laid in three layers. Then it is filled with a special adhesive waterproof resin and the resulting composition is pressed at a certain temperature and pressure, obtaining after all these operations products with a high elasticity index and bending strength. The OSB surface is easy to saw and at the same time has excellent resistance to moisture.
First step - . It is impossible to do without this stage. The frame-panel construction technique allows you to choose any house designs made from sandwich panels. Can be purchased ready-made diagram. It’s even better to order from a specialized studio individual project residential building. Then you can build a unique home where you will feel comfortable and pleasant living.
After this, based on the drawn up project, you should order sandwich panels with the required dimensions and in the right quantity for construction work. Allowed to use Standard products. But in this case, the construction process will become significantly more complicated and protracted. It will take you a long time to adjust SIPs of standard sizes to the required parameters. Some craftsmen make panels with their own hands. But for this you need to have special equipment. This option is not considered by the average home craftsman.
While the panels are being manufactured, you can begin to lay out the foundation for your future home. made of SIP do not require the construction of heavy foundations, as they are lightweight structures. It is enough to make a shallow strip or strip-column base. If desired and if you have free time, you can pour a pile-grillage or slab foundation.
The shallow foundation for the house is arranged as follows:
The foundation will harden for about four weeks. Then dismantle the formwork, lay several layers of hydroglass insulation (a modern moisture protector) or ordinary roofing felt on the surface of the base, coat the resulting structure with bitumen-based mastic.
Now we begin laying the crown beam. Its cross-section should be 25x15 cm. The beam should be placed strictly horizontally in the middle of the base for the building. In the corners, the crown element is connected according to the “claw” or “half-tree” patterns, and then carefully fastened with a wooden dowel. The latter must be driven into the timber carefully using a mallet. The beam is fixed to the foundation with anchors with a cross section of 1–1.2 cm and a length of 35 cm. The distance between individual fasteners is 150–200 cm. Important! the anchor heads must be recessed into the crown beam.
We begin construction work with the installation of the floor. We prepare the bars. From these you will make tenon beams and joists for the floor base. If SIPs with a thickness of 22.4 cm are used, take the cross-section of the beams 20x5 cm, if products 17.4 cm are used - 15x5 cm. at this stage you need to perform a proper calculation. We take the length of the beam such that it fits easily into the groove of the crown beam and at the same time fits completely onto the foundation. Trim (if necessary) the panels, make a gap (about 2–2.5 cm) between the surface of the insulation and the edge of the SIP. Start assembling the floor base.
The corner panel is installed first. Then the next product is added to it.
SIP splicing is carried out in a row to the required length. Treat the grooves of the sandwich panels (excess can be easily removed and washed from the surface). Then place the beam. It should be pressed well and held under pressure for 5–10 seconds. After this, secure the beam with 3.5x40 mm screws (use hardware designed for working on wood) or zinc-coated self-tapping screws. The distance between fasteners is up to 15 cm. Install the second panel from the side of the beam, then the third and all subsequent ones.
After arranging the floor, start building walls. Install the bench (guide board 5x20 cm) horizontally on the floor base, fix it with self-tapping screws. According to the project, which determines the location of the SIP, you begin the installation of sandwich products, starting the operation from the corners. The panels are fastened to each other with 1.2x22 cm self-tapping screws, the grooves and lower ends of the products are filled with polyurethane foam. Between the mounted and previously mounted SIP, an additional board is inserted (its cross-section is 5x20 cm) and fixed with the same self-tapping screws.
Next, install the crown beam on top part panels, attach them to it with brackets, corners or by cutting into the ceiling and install the roof. If the construction is carried out on your own, it is better to install SIP on a simple and reliable architectural element of the building. The entire sequence of actions for building a dwelling from sandwich panels is clearly presented in the video.
