Foam block is not the most popular material for making a shed. However, if for some reason wood is not suitable for construction, then foam block is usually chosen.
Such a barn looks solid and capital. Moreover, if there is a house made of foam blocks next to the barn, both buildings will look harmonious. Often, a shed made of foam blocks is no longer finished in any way - even in this form, the utility block looks very decent. In addition, an important advantage of foam blocks is that there is no need to protect them from adverse factors, unlike wood.
Overall, as I said, foam block is a great choice if wood is not an option for you for some reason. It is durable, reliable, lightweight, warm, does not need processing or protection - what else is needed for a utility unit?
A utility block is a non-residential building on a site. You can store canned goods, garden tools, various instruments. Sometimes the building is used as a workshop, summer kitchen or storage for harvest. The utility room may have space for a shower and toilet.
And if there is nothing else on the dacha plot other than a garden and a vegetable garden, then such a building will come in very handy. After all, here you can relax, hide from the scorching sun or sudden downpour. Often, a building that was intended as a temporary shed for a summer cottage can remain on the site for a long time. Therefore, you should take construction responsibly and carefully consider all the details in advance.
IN Lately Constructions made from foam blocks are becoming increasingly popular. The use of this material can significantly reduce construction time and has a low cost. And, in addition, owners of summer cottages can easily build household blocks from foam blocks with their own hands.
At this stage it is necessary to develop all technical documentation, choose appropriate place and purchase necessary tools and materials. To successfully position the utility unit, you need to consider the following points:
Having decided on the construction site, we need to move on to the next step - choosing a project. Today you can purchase from some construction companies finished projects household blocks made of foam blocks for a summer residence. The catalogs contain many photos, from which you can easily choose the appropriate option.
This service saves time and money, since you do not need to carry out calculations yourself and you can be sure that all the details are taken into account. In addition, the design of a utility block made of foam blocks can be modified or changed in accordance with the wishes of customers. However, some owners of suburban areas successfully use free projects, or carry out work according to homemade plans.
To build a utility block from foam blocks with your own hands, you will need the following tools and materials:
Depending on which projects are used, this list may be supplemented or changed.
There is absolutely no need to create a powerful foundation for a shed. The foundation for a utility block made of foam blocks is most often made of a strip type. First you need to clear the area, remove all debris and stones. Then small trenches are dug. Their width should be 30 cm and depth 40 cm. A mixture of sand, gravel and crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the pits, which must be thoroughly compacted. Then install the reinforcing mesh, as shown in the photo.
After this they build wooden formwork(it should be slightly above ground level). Pour in a concrete solution prepared from one part cement and four parts a mixture of sand and gravel. Filling the base at one time will give it additional strength. When the concrete has hardened, you can remove the formwork and begin waterproofing. To do this, the foundation is covered with ordinary mastic, and then covered with rolled roofing felt. The photo shows how to properly build a reliable foundation.
The principle of laying foam concrete blocks is almost no different from laying bricks. You need to start by building corners, between which a special cord (mooring) is pulled. It will help maintain horizontality when laying walls. Foam blocks are laid on a prepared solution of cement and sand or on a special construction adhesive.
When using traditional cement mixture the thickness of the seams will be slightly greater than when using glue. When laying blocks, you should always use a building level to ensure that the walls are level. Be sure to leave space for window and door openings.
When the walls are completely laid out, you can move on to the next stage of construction - installing the roof. The roof for the utility block is made single-pitch or gable. The second option is suitable for areas with heavy snowfall, and in addition, it provides additional space in the attic, which is also used for storing various things. Slate is most often used as a roofing material. It has great water resistance and a low price.
The barn can also be covered with ondulin, metal tiles or sheets of galvanized iron. On final stage door and window designs. Then they make the floor. Plastering the utility block from foam blocks will give the building a more attractive appearance. The walls of such buildings, as a rule, do not require additional insulation. You can install cabinets, racks and shelves inside the room. The lower shelves are made wider and stronger. Bulky and heavy objects are placed on them. As a rule, lighter items are stored on the upper shelves. large sizes.
The ease of laying foam concrete blocks allows even an inexperienced person to build a small shed in a fairly short time. Phased construction household blocks made from foam blocks are shown in the video.
They undertake the construction of a barn if it is necessary to find a place for gardening tools, building materials or old things that may still be useful. With a little work, you can even shelter animals or create a small workshop in a self-made outbuilding. For these plans to be put into action, you only need to choose the right material, for example, foam blocks.
Foam blocks used as a material for building a shed have the following advantages:
Inside a shed made of foam blocks will be warm even in winter, because this material has a porous structure
If we consider negative points, then experts say the following about foam blocks:
The advantage of foam block sometimes becomes a disadvantage: the porous structure is destroyed in severe frost
In order for the construction of a shed made of foam blocks to go smoothly, you need to carefully prepare for it: draw up a drawing and indicate on it all the necessary dimensions.
To make the barn as comfortable as possible, it is better to build a building measuring 6x3 m.
A barn with dimensions of 6x3 m is considered the most popular option, as it is quite spacious and does not take up much space.
In a room 3 m wide and 6 m long, it will be possible to create two compartments with dimensions of 2x3 m and 4x3 m. Thanks to the arrangement of these rooms, you can achieve the multifunctionality of the barn. For example, a building can simultaneously be a shelter for livestock and a workshop.
In a 6x3 m barn you can create 2 rooms - one spacious for storing large items and one small for auxiliary purposes
It makes more sense to make the roof of the barn gable. The rafter system, which forms a roof with two slopes, allows you to create an additional attic compartment in the utility room. You can store fruits and grains in it.
The height of the roof depends on how the outbuilding is used. If you need a barn with 2 floors, then the roof with two slopes is made as high as possible.
For a barn, a roof 3 m high may be enough, because under it you can easily place boxes with vegetables
In order not to be mistaken in the amount of material used to build a shed, you should turn to mathematical formulas. Before making calculations, you need to find out what the parameters of the purchased material are and decide on the height, width and length of the future room.
For the construction of a shed, a foam block with dimensions of 200x300x600 mm is suitable, because it weighs little and guarantees the strength of the walls
Suppose they are going to build a building on the site from foam blocks with parameters of 20x30x60 cm. It has been decided that the barn will be 6 m in length and 2.5 m in height. In this situation, the computational actions should be as follows:
Next, calculate the required amount of building materials for constructing the roof of the barn. This is about wooden beams and boards that will become elements of the supporting structure of the roof, as well as external material, for example, red metal tiles.
When moving on to calculating the amount of roofing materials, you need to keep in mind that the length of the overhangs at the back, front and sides should be 50 cm greater than the length and width of the base. If this condition is not met, the walls of the building will be covered with snow and flooded with rain.
When building a barn roof, you will need not only boards and roofing material, but also waterproofing sheet and fasteners
When constructing a gable roof, there will be a need for the following materials:
The type of foundation is chosen based on the construction raw materials from which it is planned to construct the building.
The choice of foundation is influenced by the material of the barn walls, because heavy blocks need to be placed on a solid foundation
For commercial buildings, it is customary to create one of the following foundations:
When deciding on what basis to place a foam block shed, you need to carefully analyze the soil at the construction site.
The choice of foundation mainly depends on the composition of the soil, because the foundation always interacts with the soil
Consider the following nuances:
Clay soil requires the creation of a particularly reliable foundation that will not move under the influence of frost heaving forces.
Only screw piles cannot be immersed in rocky soil, but other types of foundation are quite suitable for it
Although a shed made of foam blocks in itself is a kind of thermos, it, like other buildings, requires additional protection heat-insulating material. The insulation will insure the room from cooling the walls and crumbling foam blocks.
Material that serves as a barrier to cold must be laid on the ceiling and floor, outside and inside the foam block shed. This is especially true if the building is located in an area where cold temperature lasts a long time.
The barn can be insulated from above and below, outside and inside, thereby creating a barrier for heat escape
When planning to insulate a shed made of foam blocks, they choose one of the following materials:
The outer side of the shed walls is insulated with mineral wool if it is necessary to meet a limited budget. But this material attracts not only its low cost, but also its good ability to lock in heat. Mineral wool can allow vapors to pass through, which is why it becomes a matter that ventilates both the foam blocks and the space behind them. This type of insulation is also non-flammable and does not deteriorate for a long time.
Mineral wool is considered an inexpensive and high-quality material for insulating barn walls
However, some facts may make you change your mind about insulating a shed with mineral wool:
Polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam have the same base, but differ in their characteristics:
Polystyrene foam is in high demand because it easily sticks to walls and is cheaper than polystyrene foam.
Polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene are not comparable to mineral wool, because these insulation materials do not transmit noise and continue to function without problems when exposed to low temperatures. The ability of foam materials to retain heat is also much better than that of mineral wool.
They resort to cork as insulation, taking into account following features this material:
Cork attracts the attention of many because it combines the properties of insulation and finishing material.
Penofol is a foamed foil polyethylene that can retain almost 100% of warm air in a building. Since this material has such a unique ability, it is actively used as insulation. interior walls.
It is customary to insulate walls indoors with penofol, since it is small in thickness
Installation of penofol involves attaching beams with a section of 1x1 cm to the walls. They form a lattice, into the cells of which cut pieces of heat-insulating material are placed. The seams between the layers of insulation are sealed with aluminum tape.
Any place in the house, not excluding the roof and interior walls, can be insulated with polyurethane foam. The material has become popular due to its simple installation technology. Polyurethane foam is not attached to the wall, but is sprayed onto it without the use of an adhesive. Therefore, this insulation is firmly connected to the surface when its structure hardens.
Polyurethane foam has earned a good reputation, as it is characterized by the following advantages:
Polyurethane foam is applied to the wall in an unusual way- spraying
The thermal insulation of polyurethane foam is much better than the ability to retain heat of all other materials. A 5 cm thick layer of this insulation functions in the same way as 8 cm of polystyrene foam or mineral wool laid in a 15 cm layer.
Polyurethane foam is extremely flame resistant. Unlike other insulation materials, this material deteriorates only if it is in close proximity to a fire source. Fire of polyurethane foam never occurs.
When the floor is insulated with expanded clay, you get an ideal layer that does not let warm air out of the building. This material is usually poured exclusively onto concrete surface, on which a lattice of beams with a cross-section of 15x10 cm is laid. A space of 60 cm must be left between the structural elements.
Expanded clay is usually used to fill the area under the subfloor, which significantly speeds up the process of insulating the room.
Expanded clay, consisting of granules, is poured into the cells of the lathing created on the floor. The resulting layer of insulation is leveled so that the crumbly material is located only under the collected material. wooden elements design. Expanded clay is covered vapor barrier film, and later - a subfloor, that is, plywood sheets or oriented strand boards.
To build a shed from foam blocks you should use:
When starting the construction of an outbuilding, the first step is to prepare construction site. The area is cleared of debris and made perfectly level. After this, they move on to building the foundation and other work.
Most often, the foundation for a shed made of foam blocks is made as a strip foundation. This type of foundation is created in stages:
Under strip foundation for a barn with two rooms, markings are made along the perimeter of the building and under the internal wall
Sand and gravel are distributed evenly and pressed, creating dense layers
The formwork boards are strengthened, and metal rods are placed inside it to strengthen the base.
The formwork can be removed when the concrete has completely hardened.
It is prohibited to fill the formwork with concrete if there is bad weather or unbearable heat outside. Otherwise, the composition will not be able to harden within the specified period, that is, in 4 weeks.
To build the walls of a shed from foam blocks, follow these steps:
The blocks are laid in the same way as bricks, that is, they must overlap the seams
Metal rods are placed before laying every fourth row
The construction of the roof begins after making sure that the solution between the foam blocks has hardened. The roof should be built in stages:
Mauerlat bars are laid only after the blocks are covered with waterproofing material
All gables are placed at the level of the tensioned twine, otherwise the roof will not be level and airtight
The roofing material is attached to the sheathing using a screwdriver and special roofing screws
If you want to make the fasteners more rigid, it makes more sense to use metal ones. fasteners. Wood parts will not cope with the task well, since they gradually dry out, preventing the nails from providing the necessary rigidity of the joints.
It is preferable to insulate the barn from the outside and cover it with plaster, which gives the building a finished look
The task of insulating a shed is performed as follows:
The adhesive composition is not spread over the entire surface, but applied pointwise
Fastening elements can be installed at the joints of slabs, thereby connecting two adjacent elements of insulating material to each other
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Expanded clay concrete is a building material that contains sand, cement and expanded clay. Application will ensure the construction is environmentally friendly clean material, which does not require significant costs. Used to construct partitions, load-bearing walls and for mounting openings in monolithic housing construction. Expanded clay concrete blocks are excellent for subsequent finishing works and have thermal insulation and frost-resistant properties. The ease of installation of the expanded clay concrete block allows you to erect buildings and structures with your own hands. For example, you can without special effort build your own shed.
You can make an expanded clay concrete block with your own hands; for this you will need sand, cement and expanded clay. Vibrating pressing and steaming machines are used to make finished goods, suitable for various housing constructions. The use of expanded clay blocks for the construction of agricultural buildings, ancillary structures, namely a barn, is relevant.
Due to the foamed and fired clay in the composition of expanded clay, the lightness and strength of blocks made from this solution is ensured. Expanded clay concrete has thermal insulation properties and is recommended for the construction of buildings in areas with hot and cold climates.
When building sheds from this material, it is worth remembering its high porosity; for this, the walls are covered with a waterproofing layer. Due to the lightness and large size of expanded clay blocks, installing walls in a barn will not take much time and effort.
When working with expanded clay concrete blocks You will need the following tools:
It is necessary to dig trenches under the foundation to a depth of at least 50 cm. A barn made of expanded clay concrete elements begins with marking the area and digging a trench to a depth of 50 cm. Next, they begin to pour the foundation. To provide the barn with a warm floor, in addition to pouring concrete, they lay thermal insulation materials. The concrete solution is left to harden and gain maximum strength characteristics. After which they begin to lay expanded clay concrete elements.
To maintain heat in the room, experienced builders It is recommended to lay more than one block. The solution is prepared at the rate of three parts sand and one part cement. The barn construction technology includes installing ventilation for fresh and natural air exchange.
To build a shed with your own hands, you need to have certain knowledge and skills. It will take about a week to build a custom shed. At the end of construction, windows, doors, and flooring are installed. Check air circulation.
The construction of outbuildings begins with determining the optimal location. For convenience, sheds are located near the house or behind it, but in such a place that they are not conspicuous. After choosing the territory, they begin to mark it, installing pegs throughout the entire area of the site. Next, remove a layer of soil 0.3 m deep, in which the roots of the plants are located.
Before proceeding with the installation of the foundation, the purpose of the shed is determined. For storage small items erected, belt is used in the case of future storage of large equipment in a barn. At columnar foundation make aerated concrete columns along the entire perimeter of the site. To do this, holes are dug, and their middle is filled with sand and compacted. To install a strip foundation, a ditch is dug and the bottom is covered with sand. The strip type foundation requires the installation of formwork and reinforcement structure. The ditch is flooded concrete mortar and left to dry for a week.
Reinforcement of the first row of blocks. Laying the first row of walls starts from the corner. The second row is carried out in the middle of the block of the previous one in relation to the bottom row. The third row is laid like the first. Before starting to build a wall, it is important to take care of future openings for windows and doors. Openings connect glue mixture or concrete mortar. You should ensure that the installation is even, using a building level.
Roofs for utility buildings are suitable for ordinary pitched roofs. A base of beams one to one and a half centimeters thick is prepared for the roofs. The bars are mounted alternately with the crossbars. When installing the beams for the base, maintain a distance between them that corresponds to one meter. The roofs of the barns are covered with slate, observing technological process, namely:
The shed is an important part summer cottage. Today we will look at the foam block as construction material for the construction of a utility block. Before contacting a construction company, owners should know approximately the construction technology, types of materials and their advantages. This will help you clearly formulate your thoughts when addressing construction company and save time at the planning stage of construction of a shed made of foam blocks.
Foam block, or lightweight building stone, is inexpensive material, who has proven himself in construction small houses. It is produced by mixing cement, sand, water and a synthetic or natural foaming agent. During the mixing process, a homogeneous mass is obtained, cut into measured pieces and left to harden outside. The process does not require special skills or expensive equipment, so when purchasing material there is a high risk of purchasing a low-quality foam block.
Polyethylene film for protection against moisture;
Marking, containing information about the characteristics of the foam block.
Do not confuse foam block and aerated concrete block. In the second case, lime is added to the mixture. During chemical reaction with aluminum powder it releases hydrogen, which causes the porous structure of the material. After the blocks are formed and dried, they are subjected to heat treatment. This significantly increases the price of aerated concrete.
You can distinguish a foam block from aerated concrete with the naked eye: it does not have through pores, due to this the moisture resistance of the material increases.
On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of buildings made of foam concrete blocks from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.
There are several reasons to build a utility block from foam concrete blocks:
The building is being erected behind short term due to the ease of laying blocks;
Porous structure The material provides slight thermal insulation of the room. due to this, animals can be kept in the building winter period;
Foam block does not burn, but during a fire it does not emit harmful substances;
The blocks have light weight with a large volume, this allows the construction of buildings on any soil using a lightweight foundation;
Blocks easy can be cut, they are given any shape and size;
The walls allow air and steam to pass through well, creating a comfortable microclimate inside the room.
Foam blocks have several disadvantages:
The material has unsightly appearance and demands exterior finishing;
Outer layer of foam block absorbs water, therefore waterproofing is desirable for him;
At temperature changes Moisture-saturated blocks quickly collapse due to the alternate freezing and thawing of water inside the pores.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that specialize in the construction of houses and other objects made of foam concrete. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
There are several types of foam blocks according to different criteria:
Low-density thermal insulation blocks weigh 11–19 kg, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.12 W/m °C. Found application in insulation of internal walls of buildings. Brands D400 and D500. Not used for the construction of load-bearing structures;
Structural thermal insulation blocks have an average weight of 23–35 kg, thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.14–0.29 W/m °C. Brands D600 and D900. Used for the construction of load-bearing walls of low-rise buildings;
Structural blocks have a high density and sufficient strength for the construction of load-bearing walls or ceilings. The average weight of one block is 39–47 kg, the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.36 W/m °C. Block brands D1000 and D1100/
Rifled blocks formed from a mixture by cutting with a steel wire. This type of block has improved geometry and edge integrity;
Shaped blocks Not as precise, they are made by pouring material into partitioned molds. The manufacturing process is very simple, does not require special equipment and skills, so the material is characterized by low cost;
Reinforced blocks with polypropylene fiber have increased strength and are used for the construction of load-bearing walls.
On our website you can familiarize yourself with the most. In the filters you can set the desired direction, the presence of gas, water, electricity and other communications.
Wall has a standard size;
Septal half-blocks are used to erect walls inside the building;
Non-standard blocks are made to order.
It is recommended to build a shed made of foam blocks from D600 grade material. Structural and thermal insulation blocks have the necessary strength, and low thermal conductivity will protect the shed from freezing. The blocks have relatively light weight, so for construction you can use a small amount of workers.
If special glue is used to hold the blocks together, then construction can only be done from cut materials.
Before starting work, the customer needs to clearly formulate his desires when contacting a construction company engaged in the manufacture of a turnkey shed from foam blocks:
Owners first choose size future construction. The optimal dimensions of the utility unit are 4*6 m;
The owners choose building location, and representatives of the construction company inspect the site and render a verdict on the possibility of installing a utility block at this location. The decision depends on soil analysis and the location of the barn relative to other buildings and site boundaries;
The owners choose roof shape, location of doors and windows.
After receiving data about the future facility, engineers draw up a project for a utility block made of foam blocks, approve it with the customer and begin construction.
The design calculation allows you to determine the amount of material, the expected temperature in the room and the load on the foundation and foundation (the soil on which the foundation rests). The calculations are performed by engineers after the project has been agreed upon with the customer. They advise the most suitable materials, methods of finishing walls and creating a roof.
First, a plan for the barn is prepared and the material for its construction is selected. Standard size foam block brand D600: 20*30*60 cm. Amount of material for the shed:
For calculations of the number of blocks The length of the wall is divided by the length of the block 600/60 = 10 pcs. This is the number of blocks for laying the first row long wall;
Calculated similarly number of blocks for a short wall. The width of the block, multiplied by half (400-(20*2))/60=6 blocks, is subtracted from the value of its pancakes;
Located sum of blocks for laying one row: 10*2+6*2=32 blocks;
Standard height the buildings 250 cm. The number of blocks is calculated similarly: 250/30 = 8.3 blocks. The value is rounded up;
For construction one barn you will need 9*32=288 D600 foam blocks.
In addition to blocks for construction, it is necessary to purchase boards for the construction of the floor, joists and roof truss system.
In most cases, a strip foundation is suitable for constructing outbuildings for a dacha made of foam blocks. I stack it in accordance with the rules:
Foundation poured in a pre-prepared trench, at the bottom of which sand or sand-gravel mixture is laid;
Deepening the foundation must exceed the freezing depth of the soil. This value is individual for each region;
Foundation is poured 40 cm above ground level;
Extra Strength the foundation is attached to the reinforcement mesh;
The foundation is poured at once;
Further work can be carried out a week later. During this time concrete mixture gains 70% strength. It will gain all its strength in 28 days;
The mixture should set at positive temperature And high humidity from 90%.
In regions with cold climates, outbuildings must be insulated. This will prevent the interior temperature from dropping too much at night. Livestock can be kept in insulated utility blocks.
Insulation for the shed:
Mineral wool;
PenoplekWith;
Cork;
Penofol;
Styrofoam.
When building a summer cottage shed from foam blocks, the optimal insulation is mineral wool. The material does not burn, does not emit harmful substances, has low thermal conductivity (0.035 W/m °C), and is easy to install. Mineral wool is laid in blocks on a sheathing with inside walls, it requires additional vapor barrier on the room side and waterproofing on the wall side. Mineral wool is covered with sheets of plywood and only after that is done interior decoration premises.
The roof shape is selected based on snow load individual for each region. Gable roof stronger, it allows efficient use attic space and is suitable for covering spans of more than 4 m.
For arranging the roof, choose a profiled sheet. Durable, durable and cheap material copes well with protecting buildings from environmental influences.
You can clearly see how a shed is built from foam blocks in the following video:
Despite the simplicity of the design, we must remember that fairly high operational requirements are imposed on sheds, which means that their construction should be carried out by professionals. This is a guarantee not only of the speed of construction, but also of the quality and durability of the building.
