Scope of use of farms from profile pipe
In order to assemble a truss from a profile pipe, it is necessary to use lattice rods. The process itself is quite labor-intensive compared to structures consisting of solid beams, but it is also worth paying attention to their cost-effectiveness. Exactly paired material is used to make the truss structure, while the gussets act as a practical and fairly high-quality material using riveting and welding.
Thus, it is possible to cover a span of almost any length, but do not forget about the need for serious installation work, which will require a considerable amount of experience and specific knowledge. Without correctly carried out preliminary calculations of the profile pipe trusses themselves, many errors and subsequent costs will follow.
Scheme of a triangular structure
If all the previous conditions have been met correctly and the quality of welding work has been performed at the proper level, it is necessary to install the structure in a previously prepared place and carry out installation work aimed at the upper trim following the pre-applied markings.
Characteristic advantages of load-bearing trusses made of profile pipes:
Similar structures such as trusses made of profile pipes are divided into several types. The subspecies are based on the selection of various parameters. One of the main ones is the number of belts.
Constructions can be separated by shape:
profile pipe trusses
Based on the variability of contours, there are:
These types of trusses are divided according to the angle of inclination; there are three main groups:
I would like to pay special attention to the design of the Polonceau type truss. With its help, you can eliminate the defect of the so-called long braces, which lead to a decrease in overall weight. A profile pipe truss consists of two or more triangular systems, which are connected to each other by tightening.
Pay special attention!
The asymmetrical shape is maintained if the angle of the roof of the profile pipe truss ranges from 6-10*.
The very height of the truss can be determined by the formula of dividing the length of the span itself into seven, eight or nine parts; this figure will depend on the features of the design you have chosen.
Triangular trusses from profile pipes
All necessary farm calculations must be made following established instructions SNiP:
If the length of the truss is more than 36 m, the level of construction elevation must be additionally taken into account in the calculations.
Metal trusses for slopes 6-10
The size of the selected panels should directly depend on the type and volume of further loads on the structure. It is worth remembering that the angles of the braces will directly depend on the rafters used, but the panel must fully comply with them. For the familiar triangular lattice, the angle will be equal to 45*, but for a slant it is only 35*.
The final stage of calculating a truss made from a profile pipe should be an indicator characterizing the gap between the obtained angles. Ideally, it should completely match the overall width of the panel.
Roof trusses
Absolutely all calculations of a truss made from a profile pipe must be performed in such a way that ultimately even the slightest increase in height will lead to an increase in the load-bearing capacity of the entire metal structure. If you choose the right angle of inclination, then the snow masses will not linger on its surface for a long time. Installing additional stiffeners will help strengthen the truss itself, which is one of the most acceptable ways to increase the efficiency of the structure as a whole.
To make accurate determinations regarding the dimensions of the device for canopies, you should be guided by the following information:
If we're talking about When measuring the step, the maximum permissible length from the canopy to one of the supports is equal to 1.7 m. If you are not guided by this principle, such indicators as the reliability and strength of the structure will remain in question.
You can calculate a truss made from a profile pipe using our online calculator.
After obtaining all the values, using special devices and the previously mentioned formulas, you can get ready-made diagram future farm from a profile pipe. Subsequently, you should think about further carrying out the necessary welding work in order to weld the truss from the profile pipe correctly.
How to make the right choice and make a truss from a profile pipe correctly:
The braces must be installed at an angle of 45 *, but the racks must be installed exclusively at a right angle. After completing the initial stage of assembling a truss from a profile pipe, you can begin welding the truss.
Each of the resulting seams is checked for quality separately, since only they can guarantee the required level of reliability of the entire structure of the future building or structure. After completing the welding work, the rafters are treated with a substance with an anti-corrosion composition and opened with paint.
Source: http://o-trubah.com/forma/profilnye-truby/kak-svarit-fermy/
Awnings for metal frame make life easier. They will protect the car from bad weather, cover summer veranda, gazebo. They will replace the roof of the workshop or the canopy over the entrance. By turning to professionals, you will get any canopy you want. But many can handle the installation work themselves. True, you will need an accurate calculation of the truss made from a profile pipe. You cannot do without the appropriate equipment and materials. Of course, welding and cutting skills are also required.
The basis of canopies is steel, polymers, wood, aluminum, reinforced concrete. But, more often the frame is made up of metal trusses from a profile pipe. This material is hollow, relatively light, but durable. In cross-section it looks like:
When welding trusses from a profile pipe, they often choose square or rectangular section. These profiles are easier to process.
Variety of pipe profiles
Permissible loads depend on the wall thickness, metal grade, and manufacturing method. The material is often high-quality structural steel (1-3ps/sp, 1-2ps(sp)). For special needs, low-alloy alloys and galvanization are used.
The length of profile pipes usually ranges from 6 m for small sections to 12 m for large sections. The minimum parameters are from 10×10×1 mm and 15×15×1.5 mm. With increasing wall thickness, the strength of the profiles increases. For example, on sections 50×50×1.5 mm, 100×100×3 mm and above. Products maximum dimensions(300×300×12 mm and more) are more suitable for industrial buildings.
Regarding the parameters of frame elements, there are the following recommendations:
A truss is a rod system, the basis of a building structure. It consists of straight elements connected at nodes. For example, we are considering the design of a truss made of a profile pipe, in which there is no misalignment of the rods and no extra-nodal loads. Then only tensile and compressive forces will arise in its components. The mechanics of this system allows it to maintain geometric invariance when replacing rigidly mounted units with hinged ones.
Example of a welded rod system
The farm consists of the following elements:
The lattice system can be triangular, diagonal, semi-diagonal, cross. For connections, scarves, paired materials, rivets, and welds are used.
Mounting options in nodes
Making trusses from a profile pipe involves assembling a belt with a certain outline. By type they are:
Types according to the outlines of the belts
Some systems are easier to install, others are more economical in terms of material consumption, and others are easier to construct support units.
The choice of design for canopy trusses made from profile pipes is related to the slope of the structure being designed. There are three possible options:
At minimum angle(6°-15°) trapezoidal belt shapes are recommended. To reduce weight, a height of 1/7 or 1/9 is allowed total length span. Designing a complex canopy geometric shape, you need to lift it in the middle part above the supports. Take advantage of Polonso farms, recommended by many experts. They are a system of two triangles connected by tightening. If you need a tall structure, it is better to choose a polygonal structure with a raised lower chord.
When the slope angle exceeds 20°, the height should be 1/7 of the total span length. The latter reaches 20 m. To increase the structure, the lower belt is made broken. Then the increase will be up to 0.23 span lengths. To calculate the required parameters, use tabular data.
Slope determination table rafter system
For slopes greater than 22°, calculations are carried out using special programs. Awnings of this kind are more often used for roofing made of slate, metal and similar materials. Here, triangular trusses from a profile pipe are used with a height of 1/5 of the entire span length.
The greater the angle of inclination, the less precipitation and heavy snow will accumulate on the canopy. The load-bearing capacity of the system increases with increasing its height. For additional strength, additional stiffening ribs are provided.
To understand how to calculate a truss from a profile pipe, it is necessary to find out the parameters of the basic units. For example, span dimensions should usually be specified in terms of reference. The number of panels and their dimensions are pre-assigned. Let's calculate optimal height(H) in the middle of the span.
The grille braces should have an inclination of approximately 45° (within 35°-50°).
Take advantage of the ready-made standard project, then you won’t have to do the calculation
In order for the canopy to be reliable and last a long time, its design requires precise calculations. After the calculation, materials are purchased, and then the frame is installed. There is a more expensive way - to purchase ready-made modules and assemble the structure on site. Another more difficult option is to do the calculations yourself. Then you will need data from special reference books on SNiP 2.01.07-85 (impacts, loads), as well as SNiP P-23-81 (data on steel structures). You need to do the following.
Among the methods for calculating statically determinate trusses, one of the simplest is considered to be cutting out nodes (areas where the rods are hingedly connected). Other options are the Ritter method, the Henneberg rod replacement method. As well as a graphical solution by drawing up a Maxwell-Cremona diagram. In modern computer programs The method of cutting out knots is more often used.
For a person who has knowledge of mechanics and strength of materials, calculating all this is not so difficult. The rest should take into account that the service life and safety of the canopy depend on the accuracy of the calculations and the magnitude of errors. It may be better to turn to specialists. Or choose from ready-made options design solutions, where you can simply substitute your values. When it is clear what type of roof truss made from a profile pipe is needed, a drawing for it will probably be found on the Internet.
If the canopy belongs to a house or other building, it will require official permission, which will also have to be taken care of.
First, the site where the structure will be located is selected. What does this take into account?
The characteristics of the soil and the influence of nearby buildings are also important. The designer must take everything into account significant factors and clarifying coefficients that are included in the calculation algorithm. If you plan to carry out calculations on your own, use 3D Max, Arkon, AutoCAD or similar programs. There is a calculation option in online versions of construction calculators. Be sure to find out for the intended project the recommended spacing between load-bearing supports and sheathing. As well as parameters of materials and their quantities.
An example of a software calculation for a canopy covered with polycarbonate
Assembling the frame from metal profiles should only be carried out by a welding specialist. This important task requires knowledge and skillful handling of the tool. You not only need to understand how to weld a truss from a profile pipe. It is important which units are best assembled on the ground, and only then lifted onto supports. If the structure is heavy, equipment will be required for installation.
Typically the installation process takes place in the following sequence:
By using a ready-made project, you will quickly begin assembling the canopy
Experts advise performing such responsible work only if you have the appropriate experience. It is not enough to know in theory how to properly weld a truss from a profile pipe. Having done something wrong, ignoring the nuances, House master takes risks. The canopy will fold and collapse. Everything underneath it will suffer - cars or people. So take this knowledge to heart!
Source: http://trubsovet.ru/nazn/primenenie/fermy-iz-profilnoj-truby.html
When the area of the structure is large enough, the issue of ensuring the reliability and strength of the structure becomes special importance. There is a need to strengthen the rafter system, the rafters of which could cover fairly long spans.
Trusses made from profile pipes are metal structures assembled using lattice rods. Manufacturing metal trusses is a more labor-intensive process than in the case of solid beams, but more economical. In production, paired material is used, and scarves are used as connecting parts.
The entire structure is assembled using welding or riveting.
With their help, you can cover spans of any length, however, it is worth noting that for correct installation competent calculation is required. Then, provided that the welding work is carried out with high quality, all that remains is to move the pipe assemblies upstairs and install them according to top harness, according to the markup.
Load-bearing trusses made from profile pipes have many undeniable advantages:
The division of these structures into specific types there are different parameters. Let's start with the main thing -
There are:
According to the first parameter, they distinguish:
According to the contour, there are:
For spans longer than 14 m, braces are used, which are installed from top to bottom. A panel (about 150 – 250 cm in length) is placed along the upper belt. Thus, with these initial data we have a design that includes two belts. The number of panels is even.
If the span exceeds 20 m, then there is a need for a sub-rafter metal structure connected by supporting columns.
The so-called Polonso farm deserves special mention. It consists of two triangular systems connected to one another through a tie. This constructive solution avoids the installation of long braces in the middle panels, which leads to a significant reduction in overall weight.
Attention!
Trusses made of profile pipes for a pitched roof with a slope angle of 6–10° should have an asymmetrical shape.
Heights are determined by dividing the span length into seven, eight or nine parts, taking as a basis the features of a given structure.
The calculations are based on the requirements of SNiP:
A mandatory component of any calculation and subsequent installation of a structure is a drawing.
A diagram is prepared indicating the relationship between the length of the metal structure and the roof slope.
For truss lengths exceeding 36 m, the construction lift is additionally calculated.
Calculations are carried out taking into account the fact that an increase in height leads to an increase in load-bearing capacity. Snow cover will not linger on such a canopy. One way to strengthen trusses from a profile pipe is to install several strong stiffeners.
To determine the dimensions of metal structures for canopies, follow the following data:
When calculating the pitch, it is necessary to take into account that the greatest possible distance from one canopy support to another is 1.7 m. If this limitation is violated, the strength and reliability of the structure will be in question.
When the necessary parameters are completely obtained, the corresponding design diagram is obtained using formulas and special programs. Now all that remains is to think about how to weld the truss correctly.
On a note
The calculations should take into account:
Making metal trusses for a canopy on video.
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There are not many structural elements in a frame building: foundation, supports and roof - but each of them must be strong and durable. The stability of the supports is ensured not only by the foundation, but also by special reinforcing structures - strapping trusses. Trusses are also responsible for the reliability of the roof, but these are rafters.
To strengthen the frame of houses, outbuildings and small architectural forms from corrugated pipe, special elements called trusses are used. They are used for the top and side connections of supports of canopies, gazebos, stopping pavilions and summer cafes. Reinforcing elements are also used when installing canopies above entrance groups, if the distance between walls or supports is large.
Thus, a truss is a reinforcing structure consisting of two belts connected by jumpers. This device provides rigidity to the structure and allows it to maintain its shape under any load.
Note! Except functional purpose trusses can also be decorative if the structure being erected does not have walls or gables or is sheathed with transparent material.
The belts determine the shape of the part: segment, double arc, triangle, rectangle or polygon. In this case, for the segment, rectangle and arc, solid pipes - straight or curved - act as the lower and upper chords.
In trusses of more complex shapes: triangular, convex and concave polygons, one or both chords are assembled from several pipes.
The shape of the truss chords is chosen in accordance with the purpose of the structure. For the lateral connection of building posts, strapping trusses with two parallel straight or arcuate chords or an upper straight chord and a lower arcuate one are usually used.
The shape of the roof truss belts depends on the type of roof:
| Roof type | Possible shape of belts | Farm name |
| single-pitch, hipped | straight lines forming a right triangle | single-slope |
| gable | straight lines forming an isosceles triangle: 2 straight lines form the upper belt, one - the lower one; | triangular |
| two pairs of lines forming parallel angles | polygonal | |
| two pairs of straight lines forming a pair of unequal angles | scissors | |
| 5 straight lines: two form the upper belt, 3 – the lower | Polonso farm | |
| attic | straight lines forming an isosceles pentagon with a wide base; | attic |
| arched | two parallel arcs | arched |
| two parallel broken lines | polygonal | |
| arc and straight line forming a segment or semicircle | segmental | |
| upper arc, lower broken line | console |
Jumpers are short pieces of pipe, usually of a smaller cross-section than those used for chords, attached directly or at an angle to the main structural elements. The complex of bridges is called the internal lattice.
Vertical jumpers are called supports or racks. Typically a farm has one or two main posts and several additional ones.
Inclined lintels are called struts or slopes; their number can be any. If the truss belts are connected by supports, then it is the supports that are strengthened by the slopes. In addition, the internal grille can consist of only vertical or only inclined lintels.
Note! Farms for frame buildings They are made not only from pipes, but also from corners. To ensure the required strength, each element of such a design is assembled from a pair of corners, which complicates calculations and installation and increases time costs.
Frame construction from corrugated steel pipe has gained popularity and is not losing ground. Profiled pipes allow you to create beautiful and strong structures of your own. for various purposes– from an umbrella over a sandbox to a residential, industrial or commercial building.
By using a profile pipe for the installation of trusses, you can create structures designed for high loads. Light metal structures are suitable for the construction of structures, arrangement of frames for chimneys, installation of roof supports and canopies. The type and dimensions of trusses are determined depending on the specific use, whether household or industrial sector. It is important to correctly calculate a truss made from a profile pipe, otherwise the structure may not withstand operational loads.
Arch truss canopy
Metal trusses made from rolled pipes are labor-intensive to install, but they are more economical and lighter than structures made from solid beams. Profiled pipe, which is made from round by hot or cold working, in cross section has the form of a rectangle, square, polyhedron, oval, semi-oval or flat-oval shape. It is most convenient to install trusses from square pipes.
A truss is a metal structure that includes an upper and lower chord, as well as a lattice between them. The lattice elements include:
Structural elements metal truss Trusses are primarily designed to cover spans. Due to the stiffening ribs, they do not deform even when using long structures on structures with large spans.
The production of metal trusses is carried out on the ground or in production conditions. Elements made from profile pipes are usually fastened together using welding machine or rivets, scarves and paired materials can be used. To mount the frame of a canopy, canopy, or roof of a permanent building, the finished trusses are lifted and attached to the top frame according to the markings.
To cover spans they are used various options metal trusses. The design can be:
Triangular trusses made from profile pipes are used as rafters, including for the installation of a simple lean-to canopy. Metal structures in the form of arches are popular due to their aesthetic appearance. But arched structures require the most accurate calculations, since the load on the profile must be distributed evenly.
Triangular truss for a lean-to structure The choice of design for canopy trusses made from profile pipes, canopies, and rafter systems under the roof depends on the design operating loads. The number of belts varies:
In construction, you can use trusses with different contours:
Outlines of truss belts In accordance with the angle of inclination, typical trusses are divided into the following types :
Before calculating the truss, it is necessary to select a suitable roof configuration, taking into account the dimensions of the structure, the optimal number and angle of inclination of the slopes. You should also determine which belt contour is suitable for the selected roof option - taking into account all operational loads on the roof, including precipitation, wind load, the weight of people carrying out work on arranging and maintaining a canopy from a profile pipe or roof, installation and repair of equipment on the roof.
To calculate a truss made from a profile pipe, it is necessary to determine the length and height of the metal structure. The length corresponds to the distance that the structure must cover, while the height depends on the designed angle of inclination of the slope and the selected contour of the metal structure.
Calculating a canopy ultimately comes down to determining the optimal spacing between the nodes of the truss. To do this, you need to calculate the load on the metal structure and calculate the profile pipe.
Incorrectly designed roof frames pose a threat to the life and health of people, since thin or insufficiently rigid metal structures may not withstand the loads and collapse. Therefore, it is recommended to entrust the calculation of a metal truss to professionals familiar with specialized programs.
If you decide to carry out the calculations yourself, you must use reference data, including information on the bending resistance of the pipe, and be guided by SNiP. It is difficult to correctly calculate a structure without the appropriate knowledge, so it is recommended to find an example of calculating a typical truss of the required configuration and substitute the necessary values into the formula.
At the design stage, a drawing of a truss from a profile pipe is drawn up. Prepared drawings indicating the dimensions of all elements will simplify and speed up the production of metal structures.
Drawing with dimensions of elements 
Manufacturing a structure from a profile pipe To ensure the required calculation accuracy, use construction calculator– a suitable special program. This way you can compare your calculations and the software calculations in order to avoid large discrepancies in sizes!
To weld a truss for a canopy in the form of an arch using a profile pipe, it is necessary to correctly calculate the structure. Let's consider the principles of calculation using the example of a proposed structure with a span between supporting structures (L) of 6 meters, a pitch between arches of 1.05 meters, a truss height of 1.5 meters - such an arched truss looks aesthetically pleasing and can withstand high loads. The length of the boom of the lower level of the arched truss is 1.3 meters (f), and the radius of the circle in the lower chord will be equal to 4.1 meters (r). The magnitude of the angle between the radii: a=105.9776°.
Diagram with dimensions arched canopy For the lower belt, the profile length (mн) is calculated using the formula:
mн = π×R×α/180, Where:
mн – length of the profile from the lower chord;
π – constant value (3.14);
R – radius of the circle;
α is the angle between the radii.
As a result we get:
mн = 3.14×4.1×106/180 = 7.58 m
The structural nodes are located in sections of the lower chord with a step of 55.1 cm - it is allowed to round the value to 55 cm to simplify the assembly of the structure, but the parameter should not be increased. The distances between the extreme sections must be calculated individually.
If the span is less than 6 meters, instead of welding complex metal structures, you can use a single or double beam by bending the metal element at a selected radius. In this case, calculation of arched trusses is not required, but it is important to select the correct cross-section of the material so that the structure can withstand the loads.
In order for finished floor structures, primarily large-sized ones, to withstand strength testing throughout their entire service life, pipe products for the manufacture of trusses are selected based on:
Data from these sources will allow you to familiarize yourself with the types of profile pipes and choose the best option, taking into account the cross-section configuration and wall thickness of the elements, design features farms.
Carport made from rolled pipes It is recommended to make trusses from high-quality rolled pipes; for arched structures, it is advisable to choose alloy steel. In order for metal structures to be resistant to corrosion, the alloy must include a large percentage of carbon. Metal structures made of alloy steel do not require additional protective painting.
Knowing how to make a lattice truss, you can mount a reliable frame under a translucent canopy or roof. It is important to take into account a number of nuances.
It is important to understand how to weld a truss from a profile pipe if the metal structure needs to be assembled directly on construction site. If you do not have welding skills, it is recommended to invite a welder with professional equipment.
Welding of truss elements The metal structure racks are mounted at a right angle, the braces are mounted at an angle of 45°. At the first stage, we cut elements from the profile pipe in accordance with the dimensions indicated in the drawing. We assemble the main structure on the ground and check its geometry. Then we weld the assembled frame, using corners and overlay plates where required.
We make sure to check the strength of each weld.. The strength and reliability of welded metal structures and their load-bearing capacity depend on their quality and accuracy of arrangement of elements. The finished trusses are lifted up and attached to the harness, observing the installation step according to the project.
Before creating an arched canopy with your own hands, a drawing and calculation of all elements and fastening points are made.
The drawing and project will help resolve issues regarding the range and quantity of purchased building materials, the interior and exterior of the metal structure and the design of the entire site.
Drawing of a polycarbonate canopy
Calculation of the strength of supports and trusses;
Calculation of roof resistance to wind load;
Calculation of roof load in the form of snow;
Sketches and general drawings metal canopy arched shape;
Drawings of the main elements with their dimensions;
Design and estimate documentation with calculation of the quantity and cost of building materials.
The basis of the metal canopy design according to the drawing is a roof truss. Calculating the shape, thickness, cross-section and location of truss slopes is complex. The main elements of the truss are the upper and lower belts, forming a spatial contour. The arched truss for the canopy is assembled using arched beams. The peculiarity of the arched truss is the minimization of bending moments in the structural cross sections. In this case, the material of the arched structure is compressed. Therefore, the drawings and calculations made are carried out according to a simplified scheme, where the roofing load, the load of the fastening sheathing and snow mass distributed evenly over the entire area.
Polycarbonate canopy project
The canopy project and its drawing include the following calculations:
The reaction of horizontal and vertical supports, stress in the transverse directions, which will affect the selection of the section of the supporting profile;
Roofing snow and wind loads;
Section of an eccentrically compressed column.
The truss is the basis of the entire covering. To install it, you will need straight rods connected in hinged or rigid units.
The truss includes upper and lower chords, posts and braces. Depending on the loads exerted on all elements of the arched truss, the material for it is selected. Loads on the structure are determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP. Why is a structure diagram selected, where the contours of the truss chords are indicated. The design depends on the function of the canopy, its roof and its angle of placement.
Arch truss calculation table
Afterwards the dimensions of the farm are determined. The height of the truss depends on the roofing material and the type of truss - stationary or mobile. Its length is optional. For spans between racks of 36 m or more, the construction rise is calculated - the reverse bending of the truss from the felt loads. Afterwards, the dimensions of the panels are calculated, which depend on the gap between the elements that distribute the load on the truss structure. The distance between nodes depends on this. The coincidence of both indicators is mandatory.
In an arched truss, the guide is the lower chord, made in the form of an arc. The profiles are connected by stiffening ribs. The radius of the arch can be any and depends on natural conditions location of the farm and its height. Its quality depends on the load-bearing capacity of the truss structure. The higher the farm, the less snow will be retained. The number of stiffening ribs helps to withstand loads. It is better to weld all the parts of the canopy.
To begin with, the coefficient μ is calculated for each span of the upper belt - the transfer load of the snow mass on the ground to its load on the structure. Why do you need to know the angle of inclination of the tangents? With each flight, the corner radius becomes smaller. To calculate the load, the indicators Q are used - the load from snow on the 1st node of the truss, and l - the length of the metal rods. To do this, the cos of the overlap angle is calculated.
The load is calculated by the formula - the product of l and μ and 180. By combining all the indicators together, the total load of the arched truss on the soil is calculated and the materials and their dimensions are selected.
Trusses made from profile pipes are durable, strong and economical. Profile pipe is a metal profile, rolled and machined.
According to the type of section they are classified into oval, rectangular and square sections. Trusses made from arched profile pipes have high strength, a long service life, the ability to construct complex structures, affordable cost, low weight, resistance to deformation and damage, moisture and rust, and the ability to finish them with polymer paints.
To assemble or fasten elements, paired corners are used. When constructing the upper belt, use 2 T-angles of different lengths.
The corners are joined by the smaller sides. The lower belt is connected by corners with equal sides. When connecting large and long trusses, overhead plates are used.
Paired channels distribute the load evenly. The braces are mounted at an angle of 45, and the racks - at 90.
After assembly, welding work begins, after which each seam is cleaned. The final stage is treatment with anti-corrosion solutions and paint.
Sheets of polycarbonate, a translucent plastic that can protect against weather precipitation, are installed on the finished farm. This takes into account the thickness and shape of the sheet used. For large bending radii, cellular polycarbonate with a thickness of 8 to 10 mm is used. For a small radius - monolithic wave up to 6 mm.
Trusses made from profile pipes are designed to impart rigidity to the entire structure of the canopy and connect the posts together. The formed arches are the basis for attaching polycarbonate. It is recommended to use the same corners as in the manufacture of trusses. A rubber backing should be provided so that the material does not come into direct contact with steel elements, which will prevent rapid wear of the visor.
To install the canopy posts, a columnar base is made, the dimensions of which are 5-7 cm larger than the dimensions of the support. To protect against water and moisture, the base is covered with roofing felt. During the process of pouring the foundation, mounting pins are installed.
After installing the polycarbonate canopy, a truss is attached, which connects all the elements of the canopy into a common frame. Cutting and installing polycarbonate sheets:
Thermal washers are used to compensate for the expansion of plastic due to high temperatures.
End processing is carried out cellular polycarbonate vapor-permeable tape.
The outside should remain in the original packaging to protect it from fading.
Arrangement of stiffeners along an arc. When using monolithic wave polycarbonate, the direction of the bends coincides with the arches.
Design of an arched truss for a canopy - calculation table for dummies, online calculator, making sheathing, design of a 6 by 6 canopy made of profile pipe, polycarbonate, metal structures - sketch, drawing
In various branches of construction, trusses made of profile pipes are often used. Such trusses are structurally metal structures consisting of individual rods and having a lattice shape. Trusses differ from structures made from solid beams by being less expensive and more labor intensive. To connect profile pipes, both the welding method and rivets can be used.
Metal profile trusses suitable for creating any spans, regardless of their length - but for this to be possible, the structure must be calculated with extreme accuracy before assembly. If the calculation of the metal truss was correct, and all the work on assembling the metal structures was carried out correctly, then the finished truss will only need to be lifted and installed on the prepared harness.
Trusses made from profile pipes have many advantages, including:
All metal constructions farms have several common parameters, which ensure the division of farms into types.
These options include:
Depending on the contours, the following types of metal structures are distinguished:
Depending on the angle of inclination, trusses are divided into three categories:
In the case of spans whose length exceeds 14 m, it is necessary to use braces. The upper chord must be equipped with a panel about 150-250 cm long. With an even number of panels, you will get a structure consisting of two belts. For spans longer than 20 m, the metal structure must be reinforced with additional supporting elements connected by support columns.
If you need to reduce the weight of the finished metal structure, you should pay attention to the Polonceau truss. It includes two triangular-shaped systems that are connected by tightening. Using this scheme, you can do without large-sized braces in the middle panels.
When creating trusses with a slope of about 6-10 degrees for pitched roofs you need to remember that the finished structure should not be symmetrical in shape.
When making calculations, it is necessary to take into account all the requirements for metal structures state standards. To create the most efficient and reliable design, it is necessary to prepare a high-quality drawing at the design stage, which will display all the elements of the truss, their dimensions and features of connection with the supporting structure.
Before you calculate a farm for a canopy, you should decide on the requirements for the finished farm, and then start from savings, avoiding unnecessary costs. The height of the truss is determined by the type of floor, the total weight of the structure and the possibility of its further displacement. The length of the metal structure depends on the expected slope (for structures longer than 36 m, a construction lift calculation will also be required).
The panels must be selected in such a way that they can withstand the loads that will be placed on the farm. Braces may have different sizes corners, so when choosing panels you need to take this parameter into account. In the case of triangular grilles, the angle is 45 degrees, and in the case of slanted grilles, the angle is 35 degrees.
The calculation of a roof from a profile pipe ends with determining the distance at which the nodes will be created relative to each other. As a rule, this indicator is equal to the width of the selected panels. Optimal indicator the pitch of the supports of the entire structure is 1.7 m.
When calculating a single-pitch truss, you need to understand that as the height of the structure increases, its load-bearing capacity will also increase. In addition, if necessary, it is worth supplementing the truss diagram with several stiffening ribs that can strengthen the structure.
When selecting pipes for metal trusses, you should consider the following recommendations:
The last parameter that should also be paid attention to when calculating is the cost of materials. First, you need to consider the cost of the pipes (remembering that the price of pipes is determined by their weight, not their length). Secondly, it is worth asking about the cost of complex work on the manufacture of metal structures.
Before cooking farms and picking optimal materials for future design, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the following recommendations:
Conclusion
Trusses made from profile pipes are quite versatile and suitable for solving a wide range of problems. Making trusses cannot be called simple, but if you approach all stages of work with full responsibility, the result will be a reliable and high-quality structure.
