Finding out the reasons why the stove smokes should begin by answering the following questions:
So, other observations will help determine the causes.
Smoking in the stove can be caused by the so-called tilting the thrust. It usually occurs after the stove has not been lit for several days. At the same time, previously the traction was excellent. Such idleness leads to the fact that the air flow changes direction to the opposite and does not go out into the street, but into the home. This phenomenon is absolutely independent of the air temperature outside and can occur in both hot and cold weather. We have found out the reasons for the reverse thrust, let’s move on to eliminating them.
To eliminate backdraft in the chimney you need to quickly increase the air temperature in the chimney pipe. This can be done in several ways:
When normal draft can be restored, it is maintained in the future with regular heating of the furnace. Tipping the rod should no longer be a concern. You can find another popular name for this phenomenon - “air lock”. It is completely unfair to blame the stove maker for its occurrence. This does not depend at all on its operation, and a draft overturn can occur in any stove.
Owners of houses with stoves are sometimes faced with the fact that when there is a gust of wind on the street, throwing smoke into the room.
Eliminate the cause
It is possible if you increase the height of the chimney head. Changing the configuration of the visor on the head also helps.
If the stove smokes from the very beginning of its use, it means the problem lies in its design. The stove master's mistakes led to the fact that the draft 
not strong enough, and smoke enters the room. Most likely, The chimney cross-section is too low.
Eliminate this cause It is impossible without the help of an experienced master. Only good specialist can correct the defect. It would be better if this could be done without repositioning, but it may still be needed.
It happens that the stove served faithfully for many years, but over time it gradually began to smoke. And the further, the more. IN in this case the reason is aging of the structure. Soot and ash gradually accumulate in the chimney and narrow the cross-section. Possibly collapsed internal masonry chimney. Depressurization of the masonry also occurs, that is, cracks appear in the walls, chimney or chimney.
To eliminate this reason You can clean the oven yourself. It is necessary to remove soot in all accessible places, free the chimney from collapsed masonry elements, and seal all the cracks with stove mortar that led to the depressurization of the stove. If all the measures taken do not restore traction, then you cannot do without the help of a qualified technician. He will professionally inspect the stove and chimney and find a way to eliminate the defect.
It happens that when the oven door is closed, it does not smoke at all, or very little smoke is observed. But if you open the door, the oven immediately begins to smoke heavily. And this happens all the time. Now we need to understand why Does the oven smoke when the door is open? In this case, the cause is poor-quality masonry of the stove. The master allowed gross mistake, which is illustrated in the figure:
Since in the design shown in the figure, the upper edge of the door opening is noticeably higher than the upper edge of the entrance to the well, it is easier for the smoke flow to escape through the door. And if the problem does not appear when the combustion hole is closed, then when it is open the smoke is very strong.
The specified cause is eliminated re-lining the entrance to the well. It must be positioned so that the top edge is a couple of centimeters higher than the top edge of the door opening.
Relocating the entrance to the well is not always possible. Therefore, you can use another method. Inside the stove you need to build a wall, the top edge of which will be higher than the top of the fire door by the same couple of centimeters. This will cause good draft, and a stream of smoke will rush into the well. This solution is shown in the figure:
Sometimes you can observe such a phenomenon when portions of smoke and sparks fly out of the furnace in bursts. This is due to the fact that combustion in the furnace does not occur in the firebox itself, but in smoke ducts, and is impulsive in nature.
Eliminating this cause depends on the specific oven. Universal solution No. In some cases, simple traction control will help. However, many stoves will “shoot” intensely at any draft. To cope with the problem, you can try simply laying less firewood. This is better than waiting until the stove “fires” and the room is filled with smoke.
If there are two stoves that use one common chimney, then the smoking in this situation is probably due to the fact that there is no distribution box in the chimney.
Eliminate this cause can be done in two ways: by constructing a distribution box or by using only one oven at a time. How the distribution box should be installed is shown in the figure:
Installation of a distribution box in a chimney common to two stoves Smoke in furnaces can be observed through small cracks that have formed in 
places where masonry meets different elements of the stove structure. However, the stove does not smoke because of the presence of cracks. Smoke in this case is explained by the reason discussed under number 4. Nevertheless, cracks must be dealt with. To seal them, a stove solution is used.
The procedure is as follows:
We looked at the 8 most common problems with stove smoking. To summarize, we hope that the question “why is the stove smoking and what should I do?” this article fully answered.
Smoke in the room due to improper operation of the heating furnace is a fairly common problem faced by residents of private houses. The reason why the stove smokes may be insufficient smoke draft or disruption of technological processes during the construction of the device. In any case, you will need to take all measures to resolve the problem as quickly as possible.
If the stove smokes, you need to urgently take safety measures
Smoke is observed in older heating stoves much more often than in new ones. Possible reasons why a stove that has been in operation for several years smokes may be an unsuitable type of fuel or a draft failure. In addition, there are several other factors that interfere with the proper functioning of the heating device.
Strong stove smoke may be a consequence of reduced draft or its overturning. This situation occurs in the event of long-term downtime of the stove. As a result, air masses change their direction, which prevents smoke from being released outside. The most common reason for lack of traction is mechanical blockage chimney combustion products.
To identify the cause of smoke, you need to perform several sequential steps
In order to check how correctly the air circulation inside the device is carried out, it is necessary to bring a lit torch or candle to the combustion chamber. If the flame is drawn into the firebox, the air masses are circulating correctly. If the flame continues to burn evenly when brought to the oven, there is no proper draft. In order to solve the problem, you will have to perform several procedures:
To prevent an air lock in the outlet channel from forming again, it is necessary to carry out such actions regularly. External temperature and design features chimneys cannot serve as a reason to reduce draft.
In this video you will learn the causes of furnace smoke:
In some cases, the cause of smoke may be incorrect choice fuel material that is poorly suited for a particular furnace modification. Poor quality fuel can also create similar problems.
For example, solid fuel and coal devices begin to smoke heavily when dry wood is used as a kindling product rather than peat briquettes. In such units, unlike wood stoves, the dimensions of the blower correspond to the dimensions of the firebox, so the use of wood fuel does not allow heating the air masses to required temperature. As a result, insufficiently heated air remains inside the room along with harmful products combustion and smoke. To solve the problem, you will need to shorten the ash compartment and heat the stove more suitable type fuel.
One of the most common reasons why a stove smokes when lighting is the buildup of soot inside the chimney system. Even a small layer of adhering soot can significantly reduce heat transfer and impair air circulation inside the chimney.
How to light a stove without smoke:
Soot is formed due to poor thermal insulation of the exhaust channel and the use of wood as fuel coniferous species. Cleaning the chimney duct will help remove the blockage. To do this you will need:
You can purchase a brush for cleaning chimney pipes at a specialized store. If soot has stuck to small quantity, it makes sense to use special compounds that are added to the fuel and destroy the resulting pollution during the combustion process. The easiest way is to add coarse rock salt to the fuel material.
To clean chimney pipes you need to use special tools Another reason for deterioration in draft is deformation of the design of the exhaust channel or furnace firebox. Cracks and crevices formed during operation lead to a decrease in combustion temperature, which is why the fuel burns poorly and smoke begins to come out of the stove. To remove defects that have arisen, you will need:
Damage caused in tiles must be filled with a special solution, which is prepared from chalk and a gypsum base. If any elements are seriously damaged, they will need to be replaced.
Moisture accumulation is one of the causes of fumes When left idle for a long time, condensation forms in the chimney, which often leads to smoke. To get rid of moisture that has arisen in the exhaust channel, you need to open the iron damper and thoroughly clean the surface of the smoke channel. After which you will need to place a lit material in the chimney, which can be:
If a lot of moisture has accumulated, you need to repeat the drying process several times. After the chimney has completely dried and normal draft has been restored, you can begin to light the stove. If a Russian stove is installed in a private house, you should not allow it to be used frequently. long downtime, since this negatively affects the length of its service life. The furnace system should be heated at least 2 times a week.
Why does the stove smoke?
Another reason why the stove in the house smokes is wear and tear on the stove structure, which inevitably occurs during long-term operation of the unit. Due to exposure to elevated temperatures, the integrity of the walls of the stove and chimney is compromised . A number of measures are being taken to restore damaged areas, which are:
The thickness of the newly laid stove mortar should be 1-2 centimeters greater than the previous one. This will improve the heat-saving qualities of the stove and extend the service life of the unit.
Smoke can occur not only in old, but also in recent installed ovens. As a rule, the cause of smoke is a violation technological process when laying out, errors in calculations and lack of necessary elements.
It is possible that the absence of any elements may affect the smoking of the stove The main reason why the stove smokes into the house is an incorrect calculation of the height of the chimney. When constructing a heating unit, the following parameters must be observed:
In the case when the pipe is located at a distance of more than 1.5 m from the ridge, the height of the ridge and the chimney can be the same. If, despite all the parameters being met, the stove still continues to smoke, you can lengthen the chimney yourself. The main factor why the stove smokes when the door is opened is significant miscalculations during the construction of the structure. Sometimes, to eliminate such errors, a complete overhaul of the heating unit is required.
The metal sauna stove smokes:
A new stove can create smoke in the room if there is no good ventilation system. Homeowners usually arrange ventilation forced type only in the sanitary unit and kitchen. However, for normal circulation of air masses, ventilation must be installed in other types of premises.
When two stoves are installed in the house, and for both heating systems If a single smoke exhaust channel is provided, then smoke may be caused by the absence of a distribution box. In this case, to solve the problem, you will have to make a distribution box with 2 separate smoke exhaust channels, which will allow you to operate the stoves simultaneously. Distribution box - brick partition, which is located in the common chimney.
Why does the stove smoke?
To eliminate any cause of smoke, you first need to check the draft intensity in the chimney. Traction testing is done in several ways:
If all stages of the technological arrangement are followed and the rules for kindling are followed, the risk of smoke from the stove is minimal. If any malfunction is detected heating equipment It is necessary to immediately stop its operation and begin to eliminate the cause of the problem.
Despite centralized heating and widespread gasification, heating stoves have not gone out of use modern man. Many people heat their dachas in this way, others have not yet reached progress in the form of a gas pipeline, while others simply like to have a stove in the house, because the living warmth of the hearth has always created a comfortable environment in the house.
It doesn’t matter for what reasons the owner fires the stove the old fashioned way, but if the stove smokes, then this is already a problem and to eliminate it, you must first understand the causes of the smoke.
So, first you need to determine why the stove smokes and at what exact moments the smoke begins to partially or completely escape through the door. What is the weather like outside, cold or warm, windy or quiet, all these factors are of no small importance. Next, you should inspect the chimney for soot fouling, mechanical damage or blockage of the elbow. You also need to inspect the blower. It would not hurt to go up to the roof and inspect the pipe riser for cracks.
Having carried out a thorough inspection of the stove heating system, we can draw a conclusion about the reasons for the decrease in draft and smoke in the room. After all, in order to solve the problem, you must first determine why exactly the stove is smoking, and only then undertake repairs. Below we will consider separately different reasons bad traction and solutions.
To prevent the stove from smoking, it is necessary that the chimney exits directly from the firebox, without additional channels.
The causes of smoke from the door and ashpit can be absolutely simple. For example, it grew over the roof garden tree, it prevents the free outflow of air, and also reflects gusts of wind into the pipe, which creates reverse draft and, accordingly, smoke exhausts inside. This problem can be solved by simply cutting off the branches and freeing up free space within the radius of the pipe exit.
But it happens that the reason is not at all an external barrier to the free circulation of air flows, and if the stove begins to smoke in windy weather, then perhaps chimney is located much lower than the ridge of the roof, which is why air flows creeping along the roofing sheet again impede free air exchange. In this case, the pipe needs to be extended and the problem will be eliminated.
If the stove smokes when damp and rainy weather, then there may be several reasons. Each chimney is laid out individually depending on the height of the house structure. Some smoke passages are quite long and complexly curved, with several bends and a high riser. Other carbon monoxide and smoke removal systems are simpler and work almost “directly”. In such cases, a possible cause of poor circulation may be snow and rain entering the pipe, which causes dampness, and the passing smoke quickly cools, condenses and can create air lock. In this case, a cap or umbrella is mounted above the pipe head. They differ from each other in the degree of pipe coverage. An umbrella is made of tin or metal and rises at a distance, protecting from rain and moisture. And the cap completely covers the chimney and is part brickwork, has side openings for the removal of gases and is mounted mainly for protection from bad weather and strong winds.
Breakdown is one of the causes of smoke in the furnace due to a violation of the seal.
Problems with the removal of gases and smoke may have a different nature, independent of weather conditions. It happens that the stove smokes due to poor care and oversight. For example, a ash pit clogged with ash ceases to fulfill its function of providing and controlling draft force, which naturally affects the intensity of the fire and the removal of combustion products. If firewood, coal or peat have a poor supply of oxygen during combustion, then intense formation of smoke occurs, which simply does not find any other way out except all the available cracks. It is known that combustion products are heavier than air, and oxygen aeration directs them outward. If oxygen access is limited, then clouds of smoke will spread and enter the room.
Another reason that the stove smokes can be the fouling of the chimney with soot and fumes, up to the complete blocking of the passage. To eliminate this problem, you need to clean the stove, chimney and all passages. In specialized hardware stores today, chimney cleaning products are available for sale. Using them is extremely simple, just burn the purchased product in the oven and during the combustion process chemical elements They will dry the greasy soot and fumes, and burn off all the accumulated soot until it completely falls off. But this cleaning method does not always give a 100% result, and the stove smokes as before.
You can clean the smoke exhaust system the old fashioned way, mechanically. To do this, use various special metal brushes or old, outdated brushes. A metal wire bent at the end is also used to clean the bends of the knees. The pipe itself is cleaned from the roof by lowering plumbs or using brushes.
Another simple reason why the stove smokes during lighting may be the formation of an air cushion due to weather conditions, or due to prolonged inactivity. This problem is easy to identify. You need to light a match or a piece of wood in the firebox and see if the smoke goes away. If the smoke spreads or the fire goes out, then perhaps an air cushion has formed in the pipe due to a decrease in atmospheric pressure or the occurrence of reverse draft when the temperature in the house is lower than outside. In this case, preheating the chimney will help. To do this, with the ashpit closed and the firebox door open, ordinary newsprint is burned inside. Five minutes of intense burning is enough lightweight material to break through the air blockage.
If, despite all efforts to preheat and clean the vent, the stove still smokes, then you need to go up to the roof and inspect the masonry. In most cases, depending on time and exposure environment the plaster crumbles, the integrity of the brickwork is destroyed and cracks are formed through which air exchange occurs and the intensity of draft is disrupted. Moreover, this problem is fraught fire hazard, since streams of smoke from the cracks carry sparks and can create a fire.
This problem can be eliminated by filling the resulting cracks with clay mortar and plastering the outside and, if possible, the inside of the chimney. The solution is prepared with a medium consistency, because it is too great content When the clay dries, it will give new cracks, and a solution that is poor in content will simply crumble and crumble.
If the stove is cleaned, coated, preheated, but still smokes, then there is no need to immediately call a stove technician. You can try to carry out a more detailed inspection and still determine the cause of the smoke. Quite often, the cause may be a banal piece of brick falling out of the masonry. This can create a problem when a brick falls into hard to reach place and it may be necessary to partially disassemble the chimney to get it out.
Armed with a flashlight, if possible, you should inspect the stove as carefully as possible in all corners. You can insert a mirror attached to a wire into the smoke passage to carefully examine the rising riser. Also, a bent wire is pushed through all accessible passages and thus the blockage is determined. If you can feel a moving object, then perhaps this is the problem and you can try to pick up a piece and push it out.
If all else fails and the stove is still smoking, then you cannot do without the help of a knowledgeable stove technician. Such a specialist is able to determine the cause of the smoke by the intensity of the draft, or by tapping, find the place in the masonry where the ill-fated brick fell out, disassemble part of the stove, remove the problem and fix everything.
Stove heating is still quite common in private urban homes and country cottages. If it functions correctly, a comfortable atmosphere and coziness is created in the house. But if the stove is not working properly, smoke may come out of it, which will become not only a source of unpleasant odor, but can also threaten human health and even life. IN this material we'll talk about what to do if the stove smokes. In doing so, we will consider probable reasons and options for resolving the problem.
If the stove is smoking in the house, what to do in this case can only be understood by considering the conditions under which smoke occurs.
To do this, we will answer a number of questions:
There are several various reasons Why is the stove smoking? What they are and what the procedure is in each case will be described below.
In cases where the stove has not been used for several days, it may form in the chimney. reverse thrust. This means that air flows do not move outside, but into the room. This phenomenon quite often becomes the reason why the stove smokes when lighting. note that weather are in no way connected with this phenomenon - reverse draft appears in both warm and cold seasons.
It is worth noting that draft overturning is possible even in furnaces with perfect design, collected by experienced stove makers.
So, the answer to the question of what to do if the stove smokes into the house is to increase the air temperature inside chimney. Moreover, these manipulations can be performed independently.
Warming up the chimney can be done in the following ways:
Sometimes the reason why there is no draft in the stove at home can be a strong gusty wind blowing inside the chimney.
In this case, there are two options for resolving the issue:
Often the reason why a new stove smokes is due to errors in the masonry of the entire structure or its individual elements. In particular, smoke accumulates inside the house if the cross-section of the chimney is not enough for its timely evacuation to the outside.
You cannot solve this problem yourself - the stove maker must deal with this. It is worth noting that modification and repair of the structure will cost you less than a complete redevelopment of the furnace.
Like any other design, each stove has its own service life. Over time, its elements wear out and require overhaul or partial restoration.
The aging of the furnace is manifested in the following:
So, if the stove smokes due to wear and tear, let’s look at what to do step by step:
This work can be done either independently or entrusted to a stove-maker. Experienced master will do everything very quickly and efficiently.
In some cases, smoke enters the house the moment the firebox door is opened. When the door is closed, carbon monoxide is evacuated as usual. In this case, the reason lies in the inexperience of the stove master.
When the door is opened, smoke occurs if the entrance to the well is located too low and the shortest path for heated air with carbon monoxide runs precisely towards the doorway of the firebox.
For any responsible person, when the stove in the house smokes, what to do is the main and primary question. The problem can be solved if you build a wall inside the firebox, the upper edge of which will be several centimeters higher than the upper edge of the door.
Thus, hot air With carbon monoxide will move towards the well opening even when the firebox door is open.
Results
In the article, we looked at the most likely causes of smoke inside the house, as well as what ways you can deal with it. It is noteworthy that in most cases the work is not difficult and can be done independently.
Smoke rising from the roof indicates that the house is warm and comfortable, and experts can even predict the weather by its shape and intensity. It is much sadder if the clubs refuse to go down the drain, but accumulate indoors: it becomes difficult to breathe, all things become saturated with a specific smell, and the heating efficiency suffers. What to do in this situation? First of all, you need to study possible reasons why the stove is smoking, and try to eliminate them.
If an “aged” stove smokes, the reason may be trivial - during operation, the vent became clogged with ash, and the draft worsened. In this case, it is enough to remove the accumulated deposits with a poker. If a simple manipulation did not help or there was no ash, you will have to carefully check the entire system.
The stove must be regularly cleaned of ash.
Most often, the cause of smoke is non-compliance with operating rules, as a result of which natural air exchange is disrupted:
Important! Often the stove in the house smokes due to the fact that the firewood is not stacked correctly. If the fuel does not completely cover the grate, the main air flows will pass by. As a result, the flue gases are cooled and flow into the room. To eliminate smoke, it is enough to evenly distribute the logs and place them closer to each other.
Firewood must be stacked in even rows
What to do if all visible causes have been eliminated, but the stove still smokes? Another reason for insufficient draft can be cracks in the walls of the chimney and/or combustion chamber. Cold air enters the oven through the cracks, lowering the temperature. The fuel burns worse and produces a lot of smoke.
If a “cobweb” of small, non-through cracks appears on the walls, you can eliminate it yourself:
Important! Cracks in tiled cladding are rubbed with a solution based on alabaster (construction plaster) and chalk. It is better to replace tiles with significant defects with new ones. For masonry, a solution of clay or fireclay mortar is used.
Cracks in the brick and crumbling seams are the reason why the stove smokes
Another reason why a stove in a bathhouse or house smokes can be a loose brick. Under the influence of a constant temperature difference, cracks form in the masonry of the first channels of the chimney or firebox, the mixture crumbles, and the bricks remain loose. It is better to shift such areas:
Important! If the stove smokes into the house only in cold weather, the reason lies in the too high thermal conductivity of the pipe and chimney. To fix the problem, it is necessary to open all the seams on the outer parts, coat them well with a clay mixture and plaster the entire surface. The new layer of plaster should be a couple of centimeters thicker than the previous one.
Special mastics can be used to coat ovens
What to do if a new stove smokes? In most cases, the cause is design miscalculations and violations of masonry technology. The heating furnace must have the following parameters:
The cause of smoke may be a pipe that is too narrow
If inner dimensions If a chimney can only be fixed by a professional stove-maker, you can try to solve problems with the pipe yourself:
Important! If the stove smokes when lit, most likely the reason lies in design errors made by the stove maker. This could be an inadequate pipe size, a low first duct, or unswept chimneys. Such defects can only be eliminated during the repair process.
Scheme for determining the height of the chimney
The service life of the furnace and its trouble-free operation depends on how correctly it was put into operation. After completion of the masonry, a lot of moisture remains in the materials, which must be removed before the start of the heating season. The drying period lasts 7-10 days per warm time year and up to 3 weeks - in cold weather. The process takes place in several stages:
Important! Do not use softwood firewood. When they are burned, resinous soot is formed, which is almost impossible to remove from chimneys.
The stove in the bathhouse can also smoke due to improper kindling. To avoid smoke, just follow these simple rules:
Many people believe that heating can be done with any materials. If only they burned. With this approach, sooner or later the question arises as to why the stove smokes when the door is open or when lighting is started. The reasons may be as follows:
It is best to use dry birch firewood, approximately equal in size, as fuel. Other hardwoods found in the region are also suitable. middle lane, – aspen, ash, alder, poplar, oak. Willow produces little heat and burns unevenly.
If you have eliminated all possible causes and the stove continues to smoke, do not be a hero and contact a specialist. Malfunctions in the operation of the stove can lead not only to the appearance of a specific odor, but also to carbon monoxide poisoning or a fire. Be careful!
