The fire extinguisher is important device, helping to cope with fires, preventing the spread of fire. It must be present in all in public places. Every person simply must know how to use a fire extinguisher correctly, as this information can save lives. Today there are several fire extinguishers that are similar in principle of use.
Each type of device has its own application features, but several can be identified general principles uses that should definitely be taken into account:
This type of device is intended for extinguishing solid materials and substances, as well as flammable liquids and gas liquids. However, it cannot be used if metal or substances that burn without air are burning. Since the foam in the fire extinguisher conducts electrical energy, they cannot be stewed electrical devices. A foam fire extinguisher will be able to extinguish fires in areas whose area is no more than 1 m2.
How to use a foam fire extinguisher:
It is necessary to invert the fire extinguisher as this is necessary for mixing acid solution with alkali, since without this foam will not form.
This is the most popular type of device that can be used to extinguish solids, electrical installations, solvents, petroleum products, PLHIV and GH. Inside the fire extinguisher there are crushed mineral salts and hydrophobic additives. When using a powder fire extinguisher, there are some things to consider. First, it is important to look to see if there are any kinks in the hose. Secondly, pay attention to the label, which indicates the fire class. The best device is the “A B C E” type. Thirdly, when extinguishing electrical installations Please note that the charge should be applied in portions, observing intervals of 3-5 seconds. To use a powder fire extinguisher, you need to pull the pin, direct the jet towards the fire, and then press the lever.
This type of device is suitable for all cases, with the exception of metals and substances that burn without air. The inside of the fire extinguisher is filled with liquefied carbon dioxide. Since carbon dioxide fire extinguisher creates a strong cooling effect, it is not suitable for extinguishing equipment with high temperatures. Never handle the bell with bare hands. The method of using a fire extinguisher is no different from the types discussed above. After extinguishing, be sure to ventilate the room.
Every enterprise must have one or more fire extinguishers; this is one of the most easily met requirements. fire safety. However, if an office or warehouse catches fire, having a fire extinguisher will not be enough - it alone will not save anything. We tell you what fire extinguishers are and how to use them.
When you urgently need a fire extinguisher, you won’t have time to read even a short description or search for information on the Internet, so remember one thing: important detail: a wide funnel-shaped socket for carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, a narrow hose for powder fire extinguishers. Knowing which fire extinguisher is in front of you, use it according to the instructions.
Powder fire extinguishers are used in administrative and warehouse premises, administrative centers. Such a fire extinguisher mechanically knocks down the flame and displaces oxygen from the fire site. How to properly use a powder fire extinguisher?
The extinguishing agent of a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is completely dissolved in the air, therefore, unlike a powder extinguisher, it leaves no traces. Not suitable for extinguishing solid materials, but ideal for use when igniting electrical appliances and electrical networks. How to use carbon dioxide fire extinguishers - see the instructions below:
Immediately upon discovering a fire, stop work and turn off all electrical equipment. Call the fire department immediately and, if possible, take measures to evacuate people. Even adults can start to panic, try to track the movements of your colleagues. Do not forget that the responsibility to get firefighters to the fire site as quickly as possible falls on the one who called them.
fire extinguisher OHP-10 you need:
1. Raise the handle up and throw it all the way, then shake it
fire extinguisher several times and direct the resulting stream of foam
directly onto the burning part of the surface.
2. Raise the handle up, throw it all the way, then turn it over
the bottom of the burning surface.
3. Raise the handle up, throw it all the way, then turn it over
fire extinguisher upside down and direct the resulting stream of foam towards
top part burning surface.
4. If available on vertical surface burning electrical
wires, first of all extinguish them as the main source of combustion.
After extinguishing burning clothing on a victim, you must:
1. Lubricate the burn surface with whale, badger, bear
fat or sprinkle with starch, soda, flour, then close the burn
surface with a dry sterile sheet, give the victim 2-3
analgin tablets and offer plenty of fluids.
2. Try to remove remnants of clothing and dirt, open burn wounds
bubbles, wash the burn surface with a weak solution
potassium permanganate, cover the damaged surface with a clean cloth
and until the ambulance arrives, provide the victim with peace.
3. Cover the burn surface with a dry, sterile sheet or
diaper, fill with snow, ice or cold water polyethylene
packages, plastic bottles and apply them to the burn surface
over a dry sheet or diaper, give to the victim
painkillers, provide the victim with complete rest until
When the ambulance arrives, offer plenty of fluids.
Aviation events are divided into:
#7incidents
incidents
emergencies
ground incidents
disasters
An aircraft accident is:
inappropriate.
Aviation failure is:
1. an aviation accident that did not result in the death of members
crew and passengers, but leading to complete destruction or
severe damage to the aircraft, as a result of which
restoring it is technically and economically impossible
inappropriate.
2. an aircraft accident that resulted in the death of members
crew or passengers in case of destruction, damage or loss
aircraft, as well as the death of people from injuries received,
occurring within 30 days from the date of the incident.
3. an aircraft accident that was not followed by the death of members
crew and passengers, resulting in damage to the aircraft,
repair of which is possible and economically feasible.
An aviation incident is:
1. an event in which the health of at least one of the persons in
on board, damage caused or the circumstances of the incident
indicate that an accident almost occurred.
2. an event related to the flight operation of an aircraft,
which could create or created a threat to his integrity and/or life
persons on board, but did not end in aviation
incident.
3. events not related to aviation, but related to operation
aircraft.
When a fire occurs, a fire extinguisher is often used. The device helps you fight the fire yourself if the fire is small. At the same time, there are several types of devices that differ in the rules of use. How to use a fire extinguisher is described in the article.
In Art. 43 Federal Law dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ states that portable and mobile devices are the primary fire extinguishing means. They are used to eliminate a small fire or localize it before the arrival of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Public and industrial establishments must have fire extinguishers. Management is responsible for compliance with safety regulations. How to use a fire extinguisher? The instructions will help you learn how to do this.
There are several types of fire extinguishers:
Which fire extinguisher to choose depends on the following nuances:
Each room has its own devices. They must not be used for other purposes.
Each device located in the premises must have a personal number. A passport is also issued, in which you can find the following information:
You need to know not only how to use a fire extinguisher, but also where to place it. It must be protected from:
The devices must be located in accessible places, near passage and exit routes. It is important that the devices do not interfere with evacuation. For installation of fire extinguishing equipment in warehouses and production premises equip special shields.
Every person needs to know how to use a fire extinguisher. The instructions for use will allow you to do this correctly. It is also important to consider the rules for extinguishing fires:
How to use a fire extinguisher correctly? You must read the instructions that come with the device. Typically the usage is as follows:
The device is activated after 3-5 seconds, and then the flame retardant component is sprayed. The jet must be directed from the leeward side. A fire located in a niche must be extinguished from top to bottom. What fire extinguishers are allowed to be used in case of fire are described below.
It's important to know how to use a dry powder fire extinguisher because it's done a little differently. The devices use powder as a charge. Such a device is considered one of the universal ones in terms of temperature and area of use. These devices cannot be used to extinguish electrical equipment with voltages exceeding 1000 W. Fire extinguishers of this type should not be used in areas where the powder could render some equipment unusable.
The operation of this device leads to heavy dust in the air, which impairs visibility in the area of the fire. This may interfere with evacuation. Flame extinguishing powder causes respiratory irritation, so it should not be used in rooms with small volumes (up to 40 cubic meters). If it is used within a small facility, then ventilation is required.
Devices are divided into the following classes:
How to use a powder fire extinguisher? The procedure is carried out according to the above instructions. When using such a device, it is necessary to cool the heated parts building structures and equipment. Must be adhered to correct mode storage of the device and check it regularly performance characteristics, humidity and uniformity of powder charge.
How to use a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher? The instructions will allow you to perform this procedure correctly. Devices of this type should not be used to neutralize fires of electrical equipment under voltage from 10 kV.
Carbon dioxide devices with a flame extinguishing component jet length of less than 3 m should not be used to extinguish equipment with voltages over 1000 V. A device with a metal socket should not be used to extinguish live electrical equipment.
Halon fire extinguishers save electrical equipment due to the extinguishing agent, which is non-damaging and has an excellent cooling effect. They are needed for radio-electronic devices, computer technology, rare museum exhibits, archival materials.
The disadvantage of the devices is the toxicity of their charge. Therefore, they can be used in enclosed small spaces through ventilation and doorways. After this, ventilation is necessary.
How to use a water type fire extinguisher? They are used according to standard instructions, but only to extinguish class A and B fires. To neutralize a class B fire, it is necessary that the charge contains a fluorine-containing surfactant component. Water appliances should not be used to extinguish fires involving electrical equipment, melted or heated components.
How to use foam fire extinguishers is described above. The devices are ideal for extinguishing class A and B fires. Air-foam devices should not be used to extinguish fires of highly heated or molten substances, as well as with extinguishing live equipment.
Thus, extinguishing a fire using a fire extinguisher is effective for small fires. You just need to remember the rules for using the device in order to quickly deal with the problem.
In the event of a fire.
Knowledge of basic different types fire extinguishers will allow you to cope with small fires.
Fire extinguishers are in the form of a cylinder, painted red. From its nozzle comes a stream of filler intended for extinguishing fire - water or a certain chemical substance.
Devices are classified depending on the method of action on the source of fire. Each type has its own characteristics.
But there is general rules use of fire extinguishers, which are applicable to any of them:
The procedure for using fire extinguishers requires that after extinguishing the fire, they must be recharged, for which there are special services that have the appropriate license.
A foam fire extinguisher is used to extinguish solid materials or flammable liquids; the purpose and rules of use indicate the impossibility of their use when extinguishing wires going to the electrical supply or installations connected to high voltage, since foam formed from aqueous solutions of acids and alkalis has conductive properties.
The device must also not be used to extinguish objects containing alkali or alkaline earth metals. They react with water, releasing hydrogen, which will only intensify the flame. They are also ineffective when extinguishing alcohol - it dissolves in water and the foam is destroyed.
The filler of air-foam fire extinguishers has the following composition:
The rules for using an air-foam fire extinguisher recommend:
Their minor disadvantage is the small range of application temperatures - from 5 to 45 degrees.
Powder fire extinguishers (OP) are the most accessible and versatile in use. They can be used to extinguish almost all classes of fires (from A to C), including those under voltage of 1000 V.
The exception is materials that can burn without access to air. The cylinder is filled with powdered mineral salts, which slow down combustion processes.
The composition of the powder complies with established environmental safety standards, therefore the rules for using a powder fire extinguisher allow you to:
In those areas where there is a high risk of fire, for example, in elevators, garbage bins, self-activating powder devices are installed.
They are automatically activated when the temperature rises to a certain level. When localizing a fire in electrical installations, the charge is supplied in separate portions every 3-4 seconds.
The rules for using a powder type fire extinguisher indicate that its service life can reach 10 years if the maintenance rules are followed:
Carbon dioxide in liquefied form is used as a filler for carbon dioxide fire extinguishers; the purpose and rules of use are determined by the properties carbon dioxide and application features. Fire extinguishing is achieved through the action of carbon dioxide on the flammable environment and cooling the fire area.
When the device is activated, carbon dioxide transforms into a gaseous state, the pressure of which reaches 5.7 MPa. The volume of dioxide increases 400-500 times with simultaneous cooling to -72 degrees.
Therefore, the rules for using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher require careful handling:
Fire extinguishers are safe if used correctly. However, their violation can lead to unpleasant consequences or even accidents.
Therefore, it is necessary to first read the instructions for using fire extinguishers so that at the right time you can use them quickly and effectively.
It is prohibited to use devices:
The procedure for using a fire extinguisher requires taking into account the specific application different types devices to ensure operational safety, for example:
Not only the safety of property, but also the lives of people largely depend on the ability to react correctly and quickly in the event of a fire danger. Therefore, the presence of a fire extinguisher must be accompanied by the ability to use it.
