It is for this reason that the British call magnolia pointed cucumber tree. At a young age, the crown is pyramidal, then becomes spherical. Prefers moist soils, can grow on. Grows up to 15-24 m in height and the same in width. Zones 4-8.
Magnolia stellata
Usually a branched shrub or tree with a dense oval or 4.5 - 6 m height, 3 - 4.5 m width. The bark is smooth, gray. Dark green leaves 5-10 cm long become bronze-yellow in autumn. Fragrant flowers (8-12 cm in diameter), consisting of 12 - 18 petals, appear in March-April, usually before flowering Magnolia Soulange. The buds open unevenly, so flowering can last from 10 to 20 days and may even involve the complete dissolution of the leaves. Adapts to wide range soil Zones 4-8.
Magnolia sieboldii
An elegant shrub 3-4.5 m tall and even wider. The leaves are 8-15 cm long, 8-12 cm wide, and are quite pubescent on the back side. of 9-12 petals on the peduncle are arranged horizontally or droop. Purple stamens form a contrasting center. It blooms after the leaves bloom in May - June. Requires a shaded location with moist, well-drained soil. Zones 4-7.
Magnolia salicifolia
It is very difficult to find for sale. Tree 6 - 9 (up to 15) m tall with a narrow or wide pyramidal crown shape. It has beautiful smooth silver-gray bark. Fragrant white flowers (8-10 cm) of 6 petals open in late March - April. Compared to other magnolias, they lose in beauty. If you rub young shoots, they smell strong and... This magnolia is easy to grow; seedlings bloom already in the 5th-6th year. The leaves are bronze when they bloom, then become dark green, and turn yellow in the fall. It occurs naturally in Japan along rocky banks of streams. Zones (3)4-7.
Campbell's magnolia (Magnolia campbellii)
A large spreading tree 15-18 m high. Of extraordinary beauty, with 12-14 petals, up to 25 cm in diameter, shaped like a cup and saucer. The outer petals are folded back and form a saucer, and the inner ones are folded into a cup. It blooms in March-April on leafless shoots. Oval dark green leaves reach 15 cm in length. The bark is gray, almost smooth, becoming lamellar-scaly with age. Zones 9 and 10. Large-flowered plants are very similar to it Dawson's magnolia (Magnolia dawsoniana) And Sargenta var. robusta (Magnolia sargentiana var. robusta).
Magnolia kobus
Tree 9-12 m tall. Rarely found on sale and infrequently used in modern gardens and parks for one reason: the period from seed germination to abundant flowering may take about 30 years. Flowers with a diameter of 8-10 cm bloom before the leaves, in March - April. They are white with a purple base, slightly scented, and have 6-9 petals. At a young age, the shape of the crown is pyramidal, at a mature age it is spherical. Dark green leaves 8-15 cm long turn yellow-brown in autumn. The bark is beautiful, silver-gray. Zones 5-7(8). Magnolia kobus var. borealis belongs to winter hardiness zone 4.
Magnolia macrophylla
Rarely found on sale. Large spreading tree 9-12 m in height and width, more suitable for parks than for private gardens. Dark green leaves with a silvery base reach from 30 to 80 (!) cm in length. In the autumn, when they fall, a very beautiful green-silver carpet is formed under the tree. Creamy white fragrant flowers, consisting of 6 petals, reach 20-25(35) cm in diameter. They bloom at the ends of the shoots in June. And in September, ovoid pink fruits up to 8 cm long ripen. Prefers moist ones with a high organic content. Grows in both sun and partial shade. Zones 5-8. Quite similar to her Fraser's magnolia (Magnolia fraseri) And magnolia tripetala. Magnolia Ash (Magnolia ashei) sometimes referred to as a subspecies magnolia macrofolia. It reaches 3-6 m in height and is more thermophilic.
Magnolia grandiflora
Symbol . evergreen tree is a dense cone 18-24 m high, 9-15 m wide. Numerous varieties differ in size, shape of crown and leaves. The leaves are very dense, dark green shiny on top, green or fleecy brown on the back. The bark is smooth, gray, decorative. The flowers are creamy-white, fragrant, 20-30 cm wide, with 6-15 concave dense wide-oval petals. It blooms in May, some cultivars bloom again in the fall. Inflorescences with orange-red seeds are also decorative. Grows in acidic soils, dry and moist, in sun and shade. Zones (6)7-10.
Magnolia Loebneri (Magnolia x loebneri)
A hybrid of magnolia kobus and star magnolia, inheriting their best features from their parents. This is a small tree 6-9 m tall, usually with a dense rounded crown. The flowers are white with a pinkish tint, with 12-15 petals. Blooms in April, a week to a week and a half earlier Magnolia Soulange. The leaves are dark green, 8-12 cm long, their autumn color is bright yellow-bronze. Zones (4)5-8.
Magnolia liliiflora
Shrub height and width 2.5 - 3.5 m. Parent of a hybrid , as well as many hybrid varieties. Leaves are 10-18 cm long. May be affected by powdery mildew. The buds are the darkest purple-red color compared to other species. The wine-purple flowers first hold, then open to reveal a lighter shade of inner side. Magnolia Liliaceae blooms before the leaves bloom, in late March - April. Repeated flowering is common; this characteristic has been inherited by the Soulange magnolia. Ideal conditions: Full sun, moist, well-drained acidic soil. Zones 5-8.
Magnolia denudata
She's the same seven-petalled magnolia (Magnolia heptapeta). Tree 6 - 9 (12) m tall with a rounded crown. Better known as one of the parents of a hybrid Magnolia x soulangeana than by itself. Surprisingly, the flowers consist of 9 petals. They are creamy white, fragrant, 12-15 cm in diameter. They appear in March and April and, unless they are killed by return frosts, are a wonderful sight. If the flowering falls under frost, then this magnolia looks most depressing. The leaves are dark green, 10-15 cm long. The bark is gray, smooth. Zones (4)5-8.
Magnolia Sulangeana (Magnolia x soulangeana)
It is this hybrid magnolia, bred in France, that is most often found on sale, including at roadside garden markets. A fast-growing tree with a rounded crown, 6-9 m tall. Cup-shaped pinkish-purple of 9 petals reach 12-25 cm in diameter and appear in April on still bare branches. They may suffer from return frosts. The leaves are dark green, 8-15 cm long. Autumn color is dirty yellow and not very attractive. The bark is smooth, gray. Adapts well to almost any soil. Zones 5-9.
Magnolia figo
She's the same Michelia figo. An evergreen shrub 1.8 - 3(4.5) m tall with a wide oval or spherical crown shape is often called a banana bush for its floral aroma reminiscent of banana oil. Young leaves are covered with silky brownish down, adult leaves are without pubescence, shiny, dark green, 4-10 cm long. Even without flowers, the plant looks very attractive. Yellowish-green with purple reflections, cup-shaped flowers (2.5 - 4 cm) of 6-9 petals appear from April to June. They are, especially on warm, windless days. Prefers rich, moist, well-drained acidic soils and partial shading, although it can also tolerate direct sun. Reacts well to heavy pruning. Zones 7-10.
Magnolia cylindrica
A spreading tree or shrub 4.5 - 6 m high, usually even wider. The leaves are dark green, 10-15 cm long. White fragrant flowers, consisting of 9 petals, appear in March - April. Zones 5-7.
Flowering magnolia trees make you fall in love at first sight. They exude a pleasant aroma, purity and harmony. After reading the article, you can choose suitable look plants for your region. Using the tips given here, planting and care will not be difficult.
Magnolia belongs to the Magnoliaceae family. It got its name thanks to a botanist from France, Pierre Magnol. It is native to North America and East Asia.
About 120 species are known. Of these, 25 are distinguished by good frost resistance. Botanical science identifies about 45 species that are on the verge of extinction.
The plant is represented by both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. Their stems are covered with brown or ash-gray bark.
Leaves can be of two forms:
The height of the tree can reach 30 meters, and its reach is 135 centimeters. The crown is wide and has a pyramidal shape. Magnolias have dense foliage.
The flowers are large and exude a pleasant scent. They can be white, cream, purple. They grow singly on a peduncle. The petals are arranged in several circles. Their number varies from 2 to 4.
Interestingly, some types of magnolia are pollinated by beetles while in bud. They penetrate inside and carry out pollination. After the flowers open, this feature disappears. Their sweet aroma attracts you.
The fruit has the shape of a cone, consisting of leaflets with seeds. The seeds in them are immersed in the endosperm of an oily structure. After the fruit opens, the black seeds hang on the seed filaments.
The flowering period begins in May and lasts until September; single flowers can bloom in autumn period. Fruit ripening occurs in October-November.
Large-flowered
Grows in the southeastern states of the USA. Under natural conditions, it grows up to 30 meters; when cultivated in European countries, it does not exceed 10 meters in height.
The crown of this variety is spreading. Its shape can be spherical or pyramidal. The gray bark of the branches is covered with brown fluff.
The leaves reach a length of 25 centimeters. They are oval in shape, with pointed ends. Their skin is dense and tough. The upper part is glossy and green. The lower one is lighter with brownish pubescence.
The flowers are large, about 25 centimeters in diameter. They are located on petioles 2.5 centimeters long. They are covered with rusty fuzz.
The flower is cup-shaped and cream-colored. They emit a strong odor. Because of its intoxicating attraction, the Indians believed that a person who fell asleep under a blooming magnolia would meet his death.
Flowers bloom in May and continue to bloom until November, losing their abundance by autumn.
The seeds of this species ripen in October-November. Their germination does not last long.
The large-flowered variety is highly decorative. She is thermophilic. Temperatures below -15 degrees are fatal for her.
The second name of the species is mu-lan. The homeland of this magnolia is China. It is presented in the form of deciduous bushes. Their height reaches 4 meters.
The shoots are pubescent only in the upper part; downwards they are bare. The branches are covered with gray bark.
The leaves are ovate or obovate, up to 20 centimeters long. Their color is green, and less intense below. The veins are pubescent.
The shape of the flower resembles a glass. They look like lily flowers. Diameter about 10 centimeters. They don't open up much. All inflorescences are facing upwards. Their aroma is subtle and unobtrusive. The petals are usually bicolored: white on the inside and purple or pink on the outside.
This variety has a short flowering period, which occurs in May-June. The fruit, a cone-shaped leaflet, ripens in October.
Lily-flowered magnolia is frost-resistant down to -23 degrees. Thanks to this quality, it is widespread throughout European countries.
This variety comes from Japan. It is represented by both shrubs and trees. On winter period they shed their leaves. In nature, their height is about 30 meters; when grown in other countries, it grows on average up to 10 meters.
The bark of the branches and shoots are brown in color; the shoots have an olive tint and a shiny surface. There are grooves on the bark.
Leaves are 18 centimeters long. They are naked above, pubescent along the veins below. Their lower part has a lighter shade. With the onset of autumn they turn yellow. Their shape is elongated, elliptical or obovate.
The flowers are medium in size, 10 centimeters in diameter. Their aroma includes scents of pineapple, citrus and lily. They are first goblet-shaped in shape, then become saucer-shaped. Their color is creamy white, with streaks of burgundy or pink near the base. All inflorescences are directed upward towards the sun.
The species blooms early, in April-May. Leaves appear after the inflorescences bloom. The pink fruit ripens in September.
Magnolia cultivars Kobus are widely distributed because they are one of the most resilient members of the genus. Frost resistance up to -29 degrees. This feature makes it possible to grow it in regions with harsh winters.
A variety of magnolia growing in Japan. Belongs to deciduous representatives. It grows in the form of a tree with a pyramidal crown. Less common in the form of bushes. This species is similar to the Kobus magnolia, except that its leaf buds are not pubescent.
Flowers are 12 centimeters in diameter. Smells pleasantly like anise. They are white and bell-shaped.
Frost resistance is high up to -29 degrees. Despite this, it is poorly distributed in culture due to the low germination of seed material.
This species originated from China, where it is called Yulan. In nature it grows as a tree up to 15 meters in height, and in cultivated plantings as a shrub reaching a height of 7.5 meters. Refers to deciduous plants.
The crown is very spreading. Its shape can be pyramidal or circular. Its average diameter is 8 meters.
Young shoots are pubescent. As they age, they become naked. They are painted in a brilliant chestnut color. The bark of the trunk is gray and smooth.
The leaves are wide at the base, with a narrowed outer edge. Their lower part is covered with sparse down. The length varies from 7 to 15 centimeters. There are different shapes: elliptical, ovoid, obovate. They grow on short petioles.
Diameter, upward looking flowers, from 12 to 15 centimeters. The shape is goblet-shaped, becoming cup-shaped when fully opened. They have a delicate lemongrass aroma. The color of the inflorescences is white.
Flowering occurs in April-May. It precedes the blossoming of leaves. Ripens in the first half of autumn. The fruit is 10 centimeters long and red.
From China the variety was brought to England. It spread from there.
Frost resistance is quite high, up to – 25 degrees.
This is a hybrid variety. It was obtained by crossing the naked magnolia with the lily flower. Grows in deciduous bushes, no higher than 10 meters. The crown is low, loose, but very spreading. Its shape is wide pyramidal or hemispherical.
The shoots can be colored green or brown, with a gray tint. Noahs are covered with small hairs and a coating of wax. The bark of the trunk and branches is even, smooth, gray-brown.
The leaves are oval, sometimes almost round. Their length is about 15 centimeters. Their top is pointed. Outer side smooth, the lower part is covered with sparse fluff. The color of the leaves is green.
The flowers have a diameter of 15 centimeters. At initial stage The opening shape is goblet-shaped, turning into cup-shaped. The color can vary from white to dark purple. There are varieties with and without scent.
Flowering occurs before the leaves appear; its period is April-June. The fruits ripen in September. They have a pink color. Withstands frosts down to -25 degrees.
The species grows in Japan. It is represented by small deciduous bushes, about 3 meters high. The crown is compact in size. Its diameter is 2-3 meters. Its shape is spherical, round.
Thin shoots are covered with silky fluff. Their color is gray-green. The bark is smooth, glossy brown with a gray tint.
The leaves grow on small petioles. Their length is 1 centimeter. Their color is green. The leaves are oval in shape, approximately 12 centimeters long and 4 centimeters wide. The upper side is smooth.
The flowers are medium in size, with a diameter of no more than 12 centimeters. They smell like honey and apples. The inflorescences look upward and may droop slightly. When they bloom, they are white or cream-colored; when they fade, they turn pinkish. They have a star shape.
Flowering begins in early spring at the end of March-April. It precedes the appearance of foliage. Varieties of this species bloom profusely, especially in partial shade. The fruits ripen in September.
Star magnolia is widespread. It is highly resistant to cold, up to minus 34 degrees. This variety is suitable for forcing.
Hybrid variety. Combines Kobus magnolia and star magnolia. The height of the plant ranges from 3 to 8 meters. Grows in bushes and trees. In winter the foliage falls. The crown can be pyramidal or round. Formed from densely growing branches. Its diameter is up to 6 meters.
The shoots have dense pubescence and are velvety to the touch. Their color is purple-brown. The trunk bark is gray with a brown tint.
Leaves are 15-20 centimeters long. They are oblanceolate in shape. Their tips are blunt or slightly pointed. Their color is bright green with yellowish tint; in autumn they turn completely yellow. The outside is more rich color, compared to internal. The lower part is covered with down.
The diameter of the flowers is 12-15 centimeters. Their shape varies from cup-shaped to star-shaped. They look up. The color of the petals is white, sometimes pink varieties are found. They have a pleasant aroma.
This species blooms in April-May. The leaves grow after the buds open. The cone-shaped leaflet ripens in early autumn. It tolerates frosts down to -25 degrees.
Hybrid Loebner magnolia grows slowly. Especially in the first years of your life. You have to wait 8 years for the first flowers from the moment of planting.
This variety grows up to 7 meters. It is highly decorative.
It has very large flowers. Their diameter reaches 25-30 centimeters. Their color is white and cream. The first flowering occurs 2-5 years after planting.
Its leaves are also large. Their length can reach up to 70 centimeters.
The flowering period begins in May and continues until autumn.
The homeland of this species is East End North American continent. It has a second name - cucumber tree.
Deciduous tree varieties grow from 18 to 30 meters. In young plants the crown is slender, then acquires a pyramidal shape. The branches grow sparsely and spreadingly. They are covered with light gray bark.
Young shoots are covered with fluff, which fades over time. Their color is brown with a reddish tint.
The leaves grow up to 24 centimeters. They are oval in shape. The tops are pointed. The upper side is glossy, dark green, the lower side is pubescent, with a grayish tint.
The flowers are bowl-shaped and look upward. The color of the petals is gray-green or yellow-green, they have a blue or burgundy tint. This magnolia has no smell.
Flowering occurs late in May-June and lasts until July. The time for collecting seeds is September-October.
Frost resistance is high, up to -34 degrees.
The species is distributed over Kuril Islands and in Japan. Grows as a tree up to 30 meters tall. Belongs to the deciduous representatives of the genus.
The crown is dense, shaped like a pyramid. Chestnut shoots with a brown tint are smooth. They are covered with a bluish coating of wax. The trunk and branches are covered with gray bark without furrows.
Leaves grow at the ends of branches. They grow in 8-10 pieces. The length varies from 20 to 45 centimeters. Their shape is round. The leaves are colored bluish-green above and bluish-white below. The pubescence of the veins of the lower part is weak.
The flowers are cup-shaped and open strongly. The diameter reaches 20 centimeters. The inflorescences look upward and smell of spices. The color of the petals is ivory; when they bloom, they become yellow-pink.
This magnolia blooms starting in June. Leaflets mature in October.
It tolerates frosts of at least 25 degrees.
A hybrid obtained from magnolia loosestrife and star magnolia. It is represented by deciduous trees up to 7.5 meters tall.
The crown is spreading and wide. It has a pyramidal shape.
The shoots are smooth and brown. Have delicate aroma. The bark of the branches is gray.
The leaves are small, about 10 centimeters long. They have an elongated oval shape. Their color is muted green with a bluish tint. The lower part is lighter, slightly pubescent.
The flowers are small, 10 centimeters in diameter, with a pleasant scent. Their shape is star-shaped. The petals are white, with a pinkish base.
Flowering occurs in April-May. The leaves grow after the buds open. The seeds ripen by September.
Withstands frost down to -25 degrees.
Natural growth areas are in Korea, China and Japan. They are miniature deciduous trees. Height varies from 3 to 10 meters.
The shoots are gray-green. They are covered with fluff. The branches are light gray and the trunk bark is dark gray.
The leaves are 10-15 centimeters long. Their shape is elliptical with a short-pointed tip. They have a small sharp thorn. Their tops are green and smooth. The lower part has a bluish tint and is covered with down along the veins. They grow on two-centimeter pubescent petioles.
The flowers are small, 7-10 centimeters in diameter. Their shape is cup-shaped. Towards the end of flowering they open to a disc-shaped form. They exude a pleasant smell. The inflorescences look up. The color of the petals is white.
Flowering lasts 2 months - June-July. Occurs immediately after the leaves bloom. The fruits ripen in October.
Frost resistance is average, up to -23 degrees.
The homeland of the species is North America. These are trees up to 12 meters high. Their foliage falls in the fall and blooms in the spring.
The crown of this magnolia is spreading. It is formed by densely growing branches in the form of a tent. The shoots are bare, olive-brown in color. The bark is light gray and has a glossy sheen.
The leaves are collected in groups in the form of umbrellas. They are located on the tops of branches. Their size is large. The length reaches 50 centimeters, and the width is 25. Their shape is oblanceolate. Their color is green. The underside is covered with small hairs.
The flowers are large. Their diameter is from 15 to 25 centimeters. They smell like musk. The opening is large. The shape is like a wide bowl. Petals are creamy white.
The buds and leaves of this variety bloom simultaneously. This process occurs in May-June. The fruit ripens in September.
Frost resistance is good, up to -25 degrees.
Magnolia propagation by cuttings
Step-by-step instruction:
Horizontal layers:
Air layering:
Magnolia is beautiful tree, which will fill the garden with a wonderful vanilla aroma during the flowering period, it begins in April. Most trees at this time are not yet covered with leaves, but magnolia is fragrant with colors.
In nature, you can admire its beauty in Crimea; this is a plant for warm climates. But, contrary to popular opinion, magnolia can be successfully grown in the conditions of central Russia. To do this, you need to know how to properly care for the plant. And it’s not difficult at all!
The plant belongs to the magnolia family, which has more than 70 species. Magnolia trees can have a wide pyramidal or spherical crown. The height of the plant depends on the variety, some specimens reach up to 20 meters, but more often magnolia does not grow more than 5-8 meters.
Color palette plants are diverse, there are trees with white, purple, pink, red or lilac flowers. Of the majority of varieties, only a few of them can be grown in central Russia; the rest really cannot tolerate the harsh climate.
In nature, magnolia is divided into several varieties:
Deciduous plants;
Evergreen trees.
The second group of plants is not able to tolerate frost, so its cultivation is possible only in greenhouses at a special temperature.
In Russian conditions, deciduous magnolias are grown, which react less painfully to changes in temperature; only the flowering dates shift. From this group of plants we can distinguish winter-hardy and conditionally winter-hardy varieties. The latter have very coldy Only part of the flower buds freezes.
Winter-hardy varieties include:
1. magnolia kobus.
These are trees up to 10 meters high. They have a very interesting crown, which in the first years of cultivation has a pyramidal shape and changes to spherical in the process of growth. The plant is considered one of the hardy and winter-hardy varieties. The tree blooms with white luxurious flowers in April-May. In summer, the color of the leaves is dark green, changing to yellow-brown in autumn. Leaf fall for this variety occurs closer to mid-autumn. It is extremely rarely grown from seeds, since the first flowering occurs only after 30 years.
2. Magnolia star.
This is a shrub up to 5 meters high with an oval crown. Flowering is remembered by a very persistent aroma that envelops the entire garden. The first flowers bloom already in March. After flowering, the shrub blooms with dark green leaves, which acquire a bronze hue by autumn.
3. Magnolia Loebner.
This is a hybrid of the varieties described above, which took over best quality parent plants:
Frost resistance;
Unpretentiousness;
Beautiful crown;
Unsurpassed aroma.
Loebner's magnolia is a tree with a spherical crown, the height of which reaches 10 meters. The flowers are white with a slight pink haze and bloom from April. The leaves are dark, turning bronze by autumn.
Less winter-hardy varieties include varieties often found on the market:
1. Magnolia Sulanja.
This variety is a tree up to 5-8 meters tall. Blooms in April, very fragrant pink flowers, which look like tulips. The leaves, like all varieties, are green, but in autumn they acquire a mustard tint.
2. Ash's Magnolia.
It is not only hardy, but also a very beautiful deciduous tree. Flowering occurs in the second year after planting the plant in the garden. Refers to late flowering species. As a rule, it blooms at the end of May with huge cream flowers. The leaves of the plant are similar to tropical ones, reaching a length of up to 70 cm. This variety of magnolia almost does not suffer from recurrent frosts, which makes it most attractive to gardeners.
Successful cultivation magnolia begins with choosing a seedling. It is better to give preference to plants with a closed root system.
When planting magnolia, you need to take into account its features:
The plant does not tolerate drafts and cold winds. Therefore, a protected site must be selected;
Does not grow well in areas with calcareous soil. You can improve the situation by adding acidic peat to the ground;
Does not tolerate heavy and waterlogged soil. Choose a place without stagnation groundwater.
The best place for planting magnolia is the south side of the site, well lit, but without direct lines. sun rays. The soil is prepared fertile and very loose.
The correct planting hole for magnolia should be three times the size of its root system. The soil is pre-mixed with compost and sand. A magnolia seedling is planted so that the root collar is above ground level. After planting, water the plant abundantly and be sure to mulch the soil around it. For this, peat, spruce branches, and sand are used.
Experienced gardeners give preference autumn planting when the tree has already stopped growing. It is carried out in the middle or end of October, before severe frosts set in, but there is no longer sweltering heat.
Planting magnolia in the spring shows good results. But there is a risk that return frosts will destroy the young plant. Spring planting is carried out in April. If the weather is favorable and frosts are not expected, then you can try this method, but at your own peril.
Important! 100% survival rate of seedlings occurs only with proper autumn planting!
How to properly care for magnolia
From proper care Not only the beauty of the tree depends, but also its frost resistance.
The plant does not tolerate drought, especially in the first years of cultivation. Magnolia should be watered abundantly, but not too often. In extreme heat, the root system should not be allowed to dry out. Mulching will help maintain soil moisture. It not only insulates the roots in winter, but also nourishes the plant and improves the soil structure.
Magnolia is very fond of various feedings. Fertilizers can be applied from early spring to autumn. When using nitrogen fertilizers, you need to exercise maximum caution, because its excess leads to a decrease in the winter hardiness of the plant. Application of nitrogen-containing fertilizers ends by mid-July.
Important! In the first two years of cultivation, magnolia is not fertilized. Fertilizing begins from the third season.
To feed magnolia seedlings, use ready-made fertilizers or those prepared independently. From store-bought ones, you can consider the Kemira-Universal mineral fertilizer or specialized fertilizers for magnolias, for example, from AGRECOL “For Magnolia”.
You can prepare your own nutrient solution. For this use 25-30 g ammonium nitrate, 15-20 grams of urea, 1 kg of mullein. All components are mixed and diluted in 10 liters of water. Ready-made fertilizer Trees are watered at the rate of 40 liters per plant.
Advice! If the plant is overfed, you can notice this at the end of July. Old leaves begin to dry out prematurely. The situation can be corrected by abundant watering.
When growing magnolia, formative pruning is not used. In the spring they spend sanitary pruning, if there are shoots damaged by frost, dry or growing inside the bush. As a rule, all frozen shoots are pruned back to healthy wood. It is better to treat the cut areas with garden varnish.
In the conditions of central Russia, it is better to cover even winter-hardy magnolia varieties during the cold season. Spring return frosts will destroy flower buds On annual growths and flowering you can’t wait.
Burlap is used for covering. They wrap the tree trunk in two layers, trying to avoid injury to the branches. The tree trunk circle also needs to be covered for the winter, but this must be done on frozen ground. Use a thick layer of mulch. If you cover a tree earlier, then mice will inevitably settle in it.
One of the most beautiful trees is the beautiful magnolia, which belongs to the magnolia family. Anyone who has seen its unusual flowering at least once will never be able to forget this moment. Particularly impressive are the luxurious inflorescences that appear on bare branches, without a single leaf.
flowers look like a butterfly
First of all because blooms incredibly beautiful bright big flowers similar to exotic butterflies. At that moment, when many plants have not yet had time to produce leaves, the beauty is already pleasing those around her with her flowering.
It begins to produce its first flowers in April, and they fill gardens and parks with their vanilla aroma.
It prefers to grow in the southern regions, where a warm climate prevails. Magnolia flower, which is endowed with the brightest colors, does not allow all tourists to take their eyes off it.
Some people who dream of seeing it bloom do not go on vacation warm summer, and in the middle of spring, when it is still quite cool and the sun is just beginning to warm everything around.
It was brought to Europe from mysterious China.
According to one of the Chinese legends, the beautiful flowers blooming on the tree are young beauties who once lived in the same village. When it was destroyed by enemies, and only one girl managed to escape death. It was she who asked Mother Earth to allow the dead girls to live on.
In the morning, when the invaders saw a tree that had suddenly appeared, they decided to get rid of it. Having cut it down, they split it into the smallest chips and scattered it around the surrounding area, only in those places where the chips fell, young shoots appeared, which were called magnolias.
If you dream of seeing this amazing flower, then this can be done not only in the southern regions and warm countries, because the growing magnolia in Belarus also produces beautiful flowers.
To do this, you just need to visit the Minsk Botanical Garden, where the first garden of these beautiful trees was founded a couple of years ago.
There are about 70 plant species in this family. The shape of the crown can be either spherical or wide pyramidal. Depending on the height, the height of the tree also changes. Some of the representatives can grow up to 20 meters, but generally their height varies from 5 to 8 meters.
Once you see this, you will surely want a charming one to grow in your garden. It looks great both in a single planting and next to coniferous evergreen bushes.
After planting, if conditions for growth and development are favorable, most trees begin to bloom only after about 8-10 years.
A variety of colors and scents will allow you to choose the most suitable variety for you. Some of the representatives produce buds only after leaves appear on them, while others first produce and bloom their gorgeous buds, and only then the leaves open on the branches.
But no matter which variety you choose, by planting this beauty in your garden, you will become the owner of a unique plant.
After flowering has ended, petals begin to fall off each flower and slowly descend to the ground. “Magnolia rain” is what gardeners call this process.
But even such beauty has its drawbacks. No need to sleep near her! The fact is that the aroma emanating from flowers is often very strong and if you inhale it for a long time, a headache may soon appear.
There are many species, of which more have emerged by crossing one with another. large quantity varieties of unusual appearance and colors. Let's consider the main “basic” hybrid varieties popular among lovers of horticultural exotics.
Proper planting and care of Magnolia stellata flower. After this variety begins to bloom, the entire area surrounding it is filled with an unforgettable aroma. In March, the first flowers begin to bloom, after which leaves saturated with emerald green appear. Closer to autumn they become brownish-bronze. Stellata stands out over decorative characteristics thanks to the unusual coloring of autumn foliage.
This the species is considered the most frost-resistant, after all, it is able to withstand frosts reaching up to 36 degrees. The height of this shrub reaches only 4 meters, and its branches are covered with elongated leaves, among which snow-white flowers can be seen. Flowering begins after leaves appear on the branches. Magnolia Siebold is grown throughout Russia, and in special large tubs, which can always be brought in if necessary, is cultivated even in the Urals and Siberia.
Proper planting and care brings stunning results in decorative variety. It begins to bloom in mid-spring, producing fragrant white unforgettable flowers. Magnolia evergreen with the onset of summer colors its foliage richly green color, and as soon as autumn comes, it turns yellow-brown.
This variety originates in China and is grown throughout Europe.
Considered a two-color variety. External side The petals are red-crimson, while the inner petals are snow-white or white-pink.
The flashing bloom begins in early spring and lasts for several wonderful weeks filled with the airy aroma spread by the inflorescences.
Belongs to the lily-flowered species. The flowers on the outside are painted the color of ruby stone, but the inside is white-lilac. Because of this color combination she looks almost black. You can see these unusual beautiful flowers in the 30th days of April or in the early days of May.
A hybrid of star-shaped and lily-flowered varieties. Susan is the most popular species among exotic lovers.
Large 15-centimeter lily-shaped inflorescences are richly pink-crimson at the base, and lighter towards the tips, as if glowing.
During the long and lush flowering, which begins at the end of May, less often in June, you can enjoy a pleasant, unobtrusive aroma.
Planting and care are similar. The shape of the flowers of this variety can be either goblet-shaped or tulip-shaped. The tulip-shaped variety begins to bloom flowers before the first leaves appear on it. After the fragrant flowering ends and the last petal falls from the plant, it continues to be decorated with decorative dark green obovate leaves.
Magnolia ashei. The leaves, which are 70 cm long and 30 cm wide, are green. Their lower part is silvery-gray and slightly pubescent. First, leaves appear on the tree, and only then in the last days of the spring month of May or, somewhere in the beginning of June, gradual flowering begins. Creamy white flowers that give off a light citrus jasmine scent, have a circumference of about 20-30 cm.
Magnolia soulangeana Genie. The result of crossing Nigra lily-flowered and tulip-shaped Sulanzhi. This beauty, planted and cared for in the open ground, which will not take much effort from you, produces unforgettable red ruby petals. The tulip-shaped flowers begin to open in late April and early May, before the leaves appear. This the variety is one of the frost-resistant ones (among dark magnolias) and can withstand up to 30 degrees of frost. After the first wave of flowering, which lasts about several weeks, has ended, you can enjoy the second stage, which will begin in late summer.
A very rare copy for wide access. Finding this variety in stores will not be easy. The height reaches 10 meters, the shape is pyramidal. The bark is smooth and silvery. Fragrant flowers are about 8 cm in circumference.
Hybrid of willow variety and Kobus. Decorated with 10 cm bell-shaped snow-white flowers, from which a delicate aroma emanates.
Flowering begins in May before leaves appear on the tree. A fast growing variety that can cope with minor frosts.
it seems that not only from the flowers, but also from the foliage and branches there emanates a subtle, barely perceptible anise aroma.
It is a rather large tree, decorated with pointed twenty-centimeter leaves. The petals are colored yellow-green and bloom only after foliage has appeared on the branches. The crown is pyramidal in shape, smoothly turning into spherical. The height of this variety can reach up to 24 meters.
As previously mentioned, the tree prefers to grow in cities and countries where a warm and humid climate prevails.
When you decide to decorate your garden with this pattern, make sure that it will grow comfortably in your region.
Some of the varieties, which include lebnera, kobus, star magnolia and some other varieties, will do well in open areas.
But this cannot be said about capricious ornamental varieties, such as Siebolda, Sulanja or, for example, Chinese magnolia, because they need places where constant and bright sunlight does not fall.
Gardeners wondering how to plant magnolia should first find out in what soil it prefers to grow. 
It will behave well in slightly acidic conditions organic fertilizers soil.
To prepare the mixture you will need:
The soil in which the tree will be planted must be drained, not forgetting to loosen it. If the area where the bush is planted contains too dense soil, be sure to add sand to it.
In addition, if it is possible to add rotted horse dung into the ground would also be a good idea.
When a magnolia is planted in the Moscow region, planting and care should be taken into account that it is not too complicated, but still requires some attention.
Planting magnolia in autumn is the most favorable time. The middle and end of October are most suitable for this procedure, because at this time the seedlings are at rest. If you plant in the fall, almost all the seedlings will take root. If you decide to plant in the spring, then you should do this in April. But do not forget to take into account that even minor frosts will harm the future tree.
Watering is an equally important process that deserves your attention.
Young trees that are no more than 3 years old need careful watering more than others. They should be watered frequently and abundantly.
If the weather is dry, do not allow the soil to dry out; this can be prevented using the mulch method.
It is preferable to mulch:
Advice! After planting, the magnolia should not be fertilized for the first few years, but after three years, start fertilizing. It is worth applying fertilizers from the first days of spring until autumn.
fertilizers for growing trees
For this you can buy mineral fertilizers and use them according to the instructions.
You can also prepare your own fertilizer using 20 g of ammonium nitrate, 15 g of urea and 1 kg of mullein. All this must be diluted in 10 liters of water.
Remember that one bush requires approximately 40 liters of water. It is necessary to fertilize once a month, using prepared fertilizer instead of the usual liquid for watering.
Sometimes it happens that magnolia bushes begin to dry out ahead of schedule, but behind this lies a real threat. The fact is that there may be a sufficient amount of fertilizers in the ground and additional fertilizing led to their excess. To avoid death, be sure to stop fertilizing and water it a little more.
Magnolia prefers to grow all its life in the place where it was originally planted, but sometimes situations arise when it urgently needs to be replanted. To do this, you need to find a site that suits all the criteria.
If you decide to plant a magnolia tree or shrub, you should remember that it is unnecessary to trim branches to form a crown. Also remember that pruning is not done in the spring, since at this time of year sap will begin to be released from the cuts, which can lead to the death of the tree.
After waiting for the magnolia to bloom, carry out sanitary pruning. Frozen branches, wilted flowers, and dry shoots are removed from the bush. Those stems that are frozen must be removed to a healthy area. Don't forget to treat the cuts using garden varnish.
Magnolia growing in middle lane In Russia it is carried out in almost the same way as in other regions. Be sure to cover the bush, even if it is frost-resistant. Spring frosts they kill the buds, so flowering will not occur at all in the future.
Burlap is most suitable for covering. It is necessary to wrap it in several layers without damaging the branches. The tree trunk circle is also wrapped in mulch, but this is done a little later, when the ground is slightly frozen. If you rush to do this a little earlier, there is a risk that mice will start in it.
Now that you know how to cover a magnolia for the winter, you can be sure that no frost will be scary for it if you follow the wintering rules.
For many years it was believed that these members of the magnolia family were not bothered by pests and diseases, but there are still problems that can be encountered when growing shrubs.
With the onset of cold weather, rodents that feed on roots and root collars can attack. Finding out about such a problem is not easy, because to do this you need to remove upper layer soil. In order to get rid of pests, use a 1% solution of Fundazol.
To avoid problems in the future, you need to cover the tree trunk circle only after the soil freezes.
There are three different ways to propagate magnolia.
Seedlings that were collected on the territory of Ukraine or Vladivostok will best take root in central Russia, and grown seedlings will tolerate frosty days much better. Those seeds that were collected in the southern regions do not acclimatize well in the north.
It will take about a year before the seedlings reach 45 cm. Magnolia tree description, which says that you need to start picking it after only a year. It is worth replanting in light soil that contains peat. Remember the most favorable time for picking is autumn.
propagation by cuttings
For this purpose, you will need young shrubs that are no more than 2 years old, as they grow faster than older trees.
Choose the shoot that is located the lowest. Without separating it from the plant, place it in a previously prepared hole and cover it with soil. To make sure it takes root, you need to pinch the cuttings.
After a year, roots should appear on them, which is a sign that the cuttings are ready, which means they can be separated from the main shoot and planted in a container, where it will grow until the time comes to plant it in open ground.
This method is used only if you have a greenhouse with heated soil. If these conditions are not present, then the cutting will not take root. The most suitable time period for cuttings is mid-late June.
The formation of buds, the flowering of which begins the next year, occurs in late summer and early autumn. This means that if the buds freeze, flowering will not begin.
You can become the owner of a flowering plant only a few years after planting. The first flowering comes from which particular variety you choose. It is worth choosing seedlings that have been propagated by grafting. They begin to bloom 2-4 years after planting. If the bush has grown, but flowering has not begun, this means that you purchased a tree grown from seeds. This specimen will delight you with its flowers after 10 years.
It prefers to grow in sunny areas protected from winds. It is also necessary to apply fertilizers in a timely manner to help the buds set. Abundant watering is no less important for active growth and development. A dry autumn can cause the kidneys to receive insufficient moisture.
Magnolia is an unusual and beautiful tree, the flowering of which begins quite early and unexpectedly even for its owners. With its beauty it adorns parks, alleys and other public recreation areas. But its flowering begins very early, so only owners of the most beautiful shrubs can enjoy the fragrant exotic flowers.
They will thrive in group plantings next to other plants that require similar care and growing conditions. There are varieties that grow well in slightly shaded areas. This is the reason why green ferns and some evergreen coniferous plants covering the ground can be quietly located next to the bushes. The magnolia tree in Sochi on the Crimean Peninsula feels good even in private estates without special care, since the soil is almost always moist and will not dry out.
Magnolia (lat. Magnolia)- a genus of flowering plants in the Magnoliaceae family, which includes more than 200 species. The first magnolias came to Europe in 1688, and the name of the genus was given in 1703 by Charles Plumier in honor of the botanist Pierre Magnol. Representatives of the genus grow in tropical and subtropical climates East Asia And North America. Magnolia is an ancient flowering plant from the era of dinosaurs, which spread in the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. Archaeologists have discovered a fossilized magnolia flower that is 95,000,000 years old. And judging by how easily magnolia today adapts to a climate that can hardly be called warm, it becomes clear how it was able to survive for so many centuries. In those days when there were no bees yet, magnolias were pollinated by beetles - they even before today retained this ability.
There is a beautiful and sad legend about magnolia: a Japanese girl named Keiko made her living by creating paper flowers that were beautiful, but, alas, cost a penny. One day, a parrot, which she fed from time to time, revealed a secret to her: paper flowers can be revived if you sprinkle them with a drop of your blood. However, under no circumstances should this be the last straw. Using this secret, the girl became rich, but her greedy lover forced her to work more and more so that he could live in idleness and luxury. One day, Keiko gave her last drop of blood to a paper flower and died... The flower, revived by this drop, was called magnolia. Since then, the magnolia flower has symbolized the nobility and generosity of the soul.
Read more about growing magnolia below.
The magnolia plant may be a deciduous tree or shrub with brown or ash-gray bark that is smooth, furrowed, or scaly. Magnolia can reach a height of 5 to 20 m. Large scars from leaves and narrow ring-shaped scars from stipules are noticeable on its shoots. Magnolia's buds are large, as are the entire-edged, leathery, emerald green leaves with pinnate venation and slight pubescence below, which for the most part have an obovate or elliptical shape. Single fragrant bisexual terminal or axillary flowers with a diameter of about 6 to 35 cm, white, cream, pink, red, lilac or purple, consist of 6-12 imbricated elongated waxy petals, arranged in one or more rows. Magnolia blooms in early spring, but some species bloom in early summer. Any person who has seen a magnolia blossom will definitely want to grow this tree in their garden.
The magnolia fruit is a collective cone-shaped leaflet, consisting of many one- or two-seeded leaflets. Magnolia seeds, triangular, black, with a fleshy pink or red aneurysm, hang on the seed threads when the leaflets open.
The magnolia tree, like the magnolia shrub, is a highly ornamental plant. It is especially beautiful in spring: a blooming magnolia is a sight that will be remembered forever. But magnolia is valued not only for its beauty: its flowers, fruits, leaves and even bark contain essential oils that are unique antiseptic for rheumatism, hypertension and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Magnolia does not grow everywhere, but if your area is suitable for growing it, then plant it in a sunny area, protected from north and east winds, away from large trees so that the shadow does not fall on it: slight shading is permissible only in the southern regions. Magnolia also has requirements for the composition of the soil: it should not be heavily limed or saline, too wet, heavy or sandy. Neutral and slightly acidic soils rich in organic matter are considered optimal. When purchasing planting material, give preference to a seedling about 1 m high with one or two buds and a closed root system so that it does not dry out while waiting for planting. Seedlings whose root system is in a container can be planted in open ground in spring, summer, and autumn.
As for planting dates, most experts believe best time For this purpose, autumn is from mid to late October, when magnolia seedlings are already dormant. When planted in autumn, almost 100% of seedlings take root. Magnolia is planted in spring in April, but you need to keep in mind that even minor return frosts can greatly harm the trees that have begun to grow.
In preparation landing pit it must be taken into account that its size must be at least twice the volume of the seedling’s root system. The top fertile layer soil removed from the pit should be mixed with rotted compost, and if the soil is too dense, add a little sand to it.
Place a layer in the hole drainage material– crushed stone, broken bricks or crushed ceramic tiles– 15-20 cm thick, then place a layer of sand about 15 cm thick on top, and a layer of prepared fertile mixture on top of it. Place a magnolia seedling in the center of the hole so that the root collar after planting is 3-5 cm above the surface. Fill the remaining space of the hole with soil mixture, lightly compact the surface and water the plant generously. When the water is absorbed, mulch the trunk circle of the magnolia seedling with peat, and on top of it with dry bark of coniferous trees to protect the soil from too rapid evaporation of moisture.
Magnolia needs moisture constantly. Seedlings aged from one to three years especially need regular and abundant watering. The soil in the tree trunk circle should be moist, but not wet, and the water for irrigation should be warm. Loosen the soil in the tree trunk circle only with a pitchfork and very carefully, since magnolia has a superficial root system that is easily damaged garden tools. Therefore, it is recommended to mulch the tree trunks of magnolias.
Growing magnolia involves adding fertilizer to its tree trunk. Trees up to two years old need enough nutrition from the soil when planted, but from the age of three they need to start feeding. Magnolia is fertilized in the first half of the growing season. As a top dressing, you can use ready-made mineral complexes, the packaging of which indicates the required dosage, but you can make up a top dressing yourself: dissolve 20 g of ammonium nitrate, 15 g of urea and 1 kg of mullein in 10 liters of water. To feed one mature tree you will need 40 liters of this solution. Apply it instead of watering once a month. Please note that magnolia is easy to overfeed, and if you find that its leaves are starting to dry out prematurely, stop fertilizing and increase the water flow when watering.
Magnolia does not tolerate transplantation very well, but if you have such a need, do everything as it likes: find the most suitable place, taking into account the growth dynamics of magnolia. Before you dig up a plant, be sure to water it well and remember that the larger the earthen lump on the roots of the plant, the easier it will take root. The magnolia is dragged to a new location on a piece of oilcloth or a sheet of plywood. The transplant is carried out in the same order as the initial planting: first, prepare a spacious hole, put drainage, sand, and some fertile soil in it, and then install a magnolia in the center of the hole and fill the free space with earth, leaving the root collar of the plant above the surface of the area. There is no need to compact the soil around the plant too much, just press it lightly with your hands.
After transplantation, abundant watering is carried out, and then the tree trunk circle is mulched. If the transplant was carried out in autumn time, for the winter, in the circle around the tree trunk, you need to pour a mound of dry soil - this measure will protect the root system of the plant from freezing. The trunk and branches of the transplanted tree are wrapped in cloth for the winter.
Magnolia does not need formative pruning in the garden, and sanitary cleaning is carried out only after flowering: shoots frozen in winter, wilted flowers, dry branches that thicken the crown are removed. Fresh cuts need to be treated with garden varnish. Do not prune magnolia in the spring, since all plants of this genus are characterized by intense sap flow and can die from wounds.
For a long time it was believed that magnolia was invulnerable to diseases and pests and suffered from completely different problems. For example, sometimes yellow spots begin to appear on its leaves - chlorosis. At the same time, the veins of the leaves remain green. This is a signal that there is a lot of lime in the soil, and the magnolia root system in such an environment develops poorly and dies. In this case, you need to add acidic peat or coniferous soil to the soil. You can also use commercially available ones to restore the required acidity level. chemicals, for example, iron chelate.
Oversaturation of the soil with fertilizers slows down the growth and development of magnolia, since soil salinization occurs from excess nutrients. You can determine that too much fertilizer has accumulated in the roots by the drying out edges of the old leaves of the plant at the end of July. Stop fertilizing and increase water flow when watering.
Among insects, magnolia can be harmed by roseate thrips, mealybugs and peach aphids, and during the dry period spider mites or transparent mites can settle on the plant. All these pests suck the juices out of the magnolia, weakening the plant. As a result, the leaves from the tree begin to fall off in July or August. Sucking pests sometimes weaken the magnolia so much that the next year it produces almost no growth. In addition, they carry incurable viral diseases. Mites, thrips, mealybugs and aphids need to be combated with acaricides - treating the tree with a solution of Actellik, Aktara or a similar drug.
In winter, magnolia may suffer from rodents that eat the roots and root collar of the tree, but you will only know about this if you remove the top layer of soil. If you find gnaws, treat them with a one percent solution of Fundazol and henceforth cover the trunk circle for the winter only after the top layer of soil freezes. In this case, rodents will not reach the roots.
Among the diseases in our climate, magnolia can be affected by fungal infections: seedling rot, powdery mildew, gray mold, sooty fungus, botrytis and scab. These diseases can be dealt with if they are detected in time and measures are taken immediately: reduce watering and treat the plant with a fungicide solution. It is possible that processing will have to be carried out more than once. And against bacterial spotting, magnolia is treated with copper sulfate.
Magnolia is propagated by seed and vegetative methods - cuttings, layering and grafting, but only vegetative method allows you to obtain hereditarily identical plants. To be fair, it should be said that generative propagation helps to develop new varieties, varieties or forms, and this method is also the easiest to implement.
Magnolia seeds ripen in September. Place the collected fruits on paper, shake out the seeds from them and fill them with water for 2-3 days, then rub through a sieve to remove the seeds. To remove oily coating from seeds, wash them in soapy water and then rinse thoroughly in running water. Pack the dried seeds in a plastic bag with wet sand or sphagnum (1:4) and store in the refrigerator on the middle shelf for at least 20 days before sowing - the seeds must undergo stratification.
Before sowing, remove the seeds from the refrigerator, disinfect them in a fungicide solution and place them in damp moss for a while to allow them to sprout. More than half of the stratified seeds germinate, but if the seeds are not prepared, there will be much fewer sprouts.
Magnolia seeds are sown in furrows 2 cm deep and covered with a 1 cm thick layer of soil. Since magnolia has a taproot system, the container for seedlings must be at least 30 cm deep. Seedlings are transplanted into open ground by transshipment when the threat of return frosts has passed. For the winter, they are completely covered with dry peat.
Cuttings for propagating magnolia need to be taken from young plants, before the buds bloom on the tree. An ideal cutting should be green on top and woody at the bottom. The cuttings are planted at the end of June or beginning of July in a greenhouse, where the temperature and humidity of the air and soil can be controlled. Sand or a mixture of sand with peat, perlite and vermiculite is used as a substrate. Rooting should take place at a temperature of 20-24 ºC, and then the appearance of roots on the cuttings can be expected within five to seven weeks. Large-flowered magnolia cuttings take twice as long to root. Try to strictly follow temperature regime, since at a lower temperature the process will proceed much more slowly, and at temperatures above 26 ºC the cuttings will die. During the entire cutting period, the greenhouse must be ventilated and the soil must be kept moist.
Shrub magnolias are propagated by layering: in the spring, a low-growing branch of the plant is tied at the base with soft copper wire, bent, secured, and a small mound of earth is poured at the attachment point. The process of root formation will go faster if you make a circular cut at the point where the branch comes into contact with the soil.
Magnolia can also be propagated by air layering. At the end of spring or early summer, make a circular cut of the bark 2-3 cm wide on the branch of your choice. Try to do this carefully so as not to damage the magnolia wood. Treat the cut with Heteroauxin, cover the wound with damp moss and wrap it in cling film, securing it above and below the cut. Then tie the branch to neighboring branches so that when strong wind she was not injured. Keep the moss moist: spray it several times a month, piercing the film with a syringe of water. After two or three months, roots will form at the cut site. In the fall, cuttings are cut from the branch and grown at home.
The magnolia blooms in spring or early summer, and it is a sight to behold: a magnolia in bloom is the queen among garden trees. And when this holiday is over, you will have to do sanitary pruning of the tree: remove wilted flowers, broken ones, dead in winter from frost, and branches and shoots growing inside the crown. But even without flowers, magnolia is decorative due to its beautiful leathery leaves.
When deep autumn arrives and the garden begins to fall asleep, your task is to prepare a shelter for the magnolia, because even the most winter-hardy species of this genus can suffer from frost, especially in a windy and snowless winter. To avoid frost damage, wrap the tree trunk in two layers of burlap, being careful not to damage the fragile branches. Then, after waiting for real frosts, cover the tree trunk circle with thick mulch. Now your beauty will not be afraid of frost, mice or other rodents.
The largest collections of magnolias are collected in the UK: at the Arnold Arboretum introduction center and at the Royal botanical garden. But there is an excellent collection in Kyiv, and it is the Ukrainian experience of growing magnolias that gives hope for the promotion of this plant to the east and north. The most common types of magnolia in cultivation are:
– deciduous tree up to 10 m high, but more often tall bush with broadly elliptical leaves up to 15 cm long and fragrant cup-shaped, somewhat drooping white flowers on a pubescent thin stalk. The diameter of the flowers is from 7 to 10 cm. This is one of the most winter-hardy species, tolerating short-term frosts down to -36 ºC. The species has been in cultivation since 1865;
or white magnolia comes from Japan and the island of Kunashir, in the Kuril Islands. This is a deciduous tree with gray, smooth bark, reaching a height of 15 m. The leaves of this magnolia are collected in 8-10 pieces at the ends of the shoots, and beautiful flowers up to 16 cm in diameter, creamy-white in color and distinguished by a spicy aroma. The fruits are bright red and reach a length of 20 cm. This tree is decorative at any time of the year; it tolerates shading and frost well, but is demanding in terms of soil and air moisture levels. The species has been in cultivation since 1865;
- a plant native to China, an analogue of magnolia obovate, but with larger leaves. Its flowers are also large, fragrant, reminiscent of water lilies, but with narrower petals, pointed towards the top. In China, this species is used as a medicinal plant, but in our area, magnolia officinalis is still rare;
or magnolia borage from the central part of North America, where it grows in deciduous forests at the foot of the mountains and along the rocky banks of mountain rivers. It is a deciduous tree up to 30 m high with a pyramidal crown when young, which becomes rounded over time. The leaves are oval or elliptical, up to 24 cm long, dark green above and grayish-green, short pubescent below. The flowers, up to 8 cm in diameter, are bell-shaped and yellow-green, sometimes with a bluish bloom, in color. This is the most cold-resistant representative of the genus. Magnolia borage has a form in which the leaves are either rounded or heart-shaped at the base, and the flowers are smaller than the main species and canary-colored. In the USA, hybrids have also been obtained between Magnolia acuminata and Magnolia Liliaceae, united under the name Brooklyn magnolia;
- one of the most elegant and spectacular magnolias native to Japan. This is a small tree or shrub up to 2.5 m high with bare gray-brown branches, narrow elliptical leaves up to 12 cm long and original flowers up to 10 cm in diameter with numerous snow-white, elongated ribbon-shaped petals directed in all directions, like the rays of a star . This species has two decorative forms: pink and kei. Some varieties and hybrids of this plant are also popular among gardeners:
particularly widespread in culture. It supposedly comes from eastern China, and the plant came to Europe in 1790. Magnolia Liliaceae blooms profusely with lily-shaped flowers up to 11 cm in diameter. The flowers are purple on the outside, white on the inside, and have a barely noticeable aroma. Of greatest interest is the decorative form of this species, Magnolia Nigre (Nigre), with ruby-red outside and white-lilac inside flowers, opening in late April or early May;
native to northern and central Japan and South Korea, and in 1862 the species was transported to New York, from where it came to Europe in 1879. In cultivation, the plant reaches a height of 10 m, but in nature it can grow two and a half times higher. The leaves of the tree are wide, obovate, with sharp peak, bright green on top and lighter on the underside. This magnolia is white, fragrant, with flowers up to 10 cm in diameter. The plant blooms in the ninth to twelfth year. The species is frost-resistant, gas- and dust-resistant. The northern form of the species is a plant with more large flowers and even more resistant to low temperatures;
comes from the southeastern states of North America. It has a slender cylindrical trunk, a beautifully shaped crown, dark green, large shiny leaves and white flowers up to 25 cm in diameter, with a strong spicy aroma. Even the fruits of this plant are attractive: they have an original cone-like shape, are brightly colored and very impressive. At a young age, Magnolia grandiflora develops slowly, growing annually by only 60 cm. It is not frost-resistant either, withstanding cold temperatures of at least -15 ºC, but it copes well with urban conditions, is resistant to diseases and pests and is durable. Main decorative forms magnolia grandiflora are:
- a hybrid bred in 1820 by the French scientist Etienne Soulange. Since then, more than 50 forms of this hybrid have been registered and are incredibly popular throughout the world. Magnolia Sulange is a deciduous shrub or tree up to 5 m high with obovate leaves up to 15 cm long and goblet flowers with a diameter of 15 to 25 cm, sometimes fragrant, and sometimes completely odorless, with petals ranging from soft pink to purple, and only occasionally there are specimens with white flowers. The plant is resistant to unfavorable climatic factors and grows well in soils of different compositions. Of the many garden forms This hybrid species is most often grown:
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