Plan
Foam production
About the density of foam
Where do they buy raw materials for production?
How to make foam plastic with your own hands
Basic properties of polystyrene foam and its application
Styrofoam is a building material that consists of gas-filled granular masses. Found foam today wide application in the repair and construction industry. In particular, it is used as a sound - thermal insulation material for insulation of premises and finishing of internal walls. First foam plastic made in Europe in beginning of the twentieth century, later its industrial production was established. The finished foam product has excellent heat and sound insulation properties, is resistant to temperature changes and precipitation, and does not emit any harmful substances, not subject to decomposition upon contact with microorganisms, environmentally friendly and non-toxic.
The range of applications of this product is quite wide. Therefore, polystyrene foam quickly became a market leader. building materials. For example, foam boards are used as thermal insulation and construction materials, in the field of construction, car and shipbuilding, aircraft construction, and is also used as packaging and electrical insulating material
.
Foam plastic is a plastic, lightweight and easy-to-process material that is actively used by modern artists and designers in their art, animation and cinema. Using this material, you can create, for example, entire art objects of almost any shape and texture. In addition, you can cut out different figures from polystyrene foam, paint them with paints, and in the end you will get an original toy or a do-it-yourself fake from foam plastic, which will be a wonderful gift for family and friends on any occasion.
Foam production
Stages of foam production:
1. Foaming polystyrene foam. The raw materials are placed in a special container, where the material is treated with steam of low-boiling liquids.
As a result of foaming, the granules increase in volume from 20 to 50 times. After reaching the required level of granules, the steam flow stops and the working material is removed from the tank. The process itself takes about 4 minutes.
The next stage is drying. After foaming, the granules must be dried to remove excess moisture. Drying occurs under the influence of hot air, which comes from below, and continuous mechanical shaking. Drying time takes approximately 4 minutes.
Vesting. After drying, the material is sent to a special aging bunker, according to the brand (15, 25, 35 and 50) where the aging process takes place. The entire procedure takes from 4 to 12 hours, depending on the size of the granules and the temperature of the environment.
Sintering or granule formation. The whole action takes place in a special block form, into which foamed granules are supplied. There, under high temperature and pressure, the granules are sintered and take the shape of a block. The process takes 6 – 12 minutes.
5. Maturing of blocks. Prepared blocks are sorted by brand and stored.
At first, the blocks may still release the remaining moisture. The ripening period of blocks takes from 12 to 30 days.6. Cutting foam blocks. On a special foam machine, string cutting of foam blocks into slabs of specified sizes is carried out. Standard sizes are 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 mm, other sizes are possible and determined by individual order.
The final stage is the processing of residual material. The production of expanded polystyrene is waste-free, since all residual materials are subjected to a crushing process and added to pre-foamed raw materials in proportions of 1:8. As a result, you get a finished product - polystyrene foam - a modern, competitive insulating material, which is undoubtedly in demand in the consumer building materials market .About the density of polystyrene foam. Finished high-quality polystyrene foam has evenly spaced granules of the same size. If the material is of low quality PSB type, in in this case a fracture is formed at the points of contact between balls of different sizes. Expanded polystyrene consists of fine-cell granules sintered together. There are micropores inside the expanded polystyrene granules, and voids between the granules.
The mechanical characteristics of the material depend on the density. The higher the density, the higher the strength and the lower the water absorption, hygroscopicity, vapor and air permeability. The density of the foam depends on kilograms per cubic meter. Typically, for foamed polymers this coefficient is no more than 50, but often varies from about 15 to 35.
For example, in ceramic brick average density close to 1,800 kg per cubic meter. Of course, the higher the density of the material, the higher the rate of transfer of thermal energy between its particles. For comparison, the thermal conductivity of the same brick is 18-20 times higher than that of foam plastic. On the other hand, its density also depends on the density of the material mechanical strength, only in this case a direct relationship is visible: the higher the density, the stronger the material. If the material is repeatedly foamed, the density of the foam will decrease.
Perhaps for this reason, polystyrene foam is not used for the construction of load-bearing structures. As the name implies, foamed polymers are the result of a frozen foam polymer mass. Most of the foam is occupied by air, which is contained in plastic cells. Therefore, such insulating properties and low density.Where do they buy raw materials for production?Currently, the production of raw materials is established all over the world.
For example, such European manufacturers as BASF (Germany), Dvorex Sintez (Poland), Italian companies. Also worthy producers of raw materials for the production of polystyrene foam are Korea, China, Turkey and Russia. Moreover, according to the observations of other manufacturers, the quality of the raw materials of the Chinese manufacturer is beyond Lately has increased significantly, including the price/quality ratio. This fact encourages the European manufacturer to increase its competitiveness in the market, including the Ukrainian one.
The only drawback of cooperation with China can be considered that delivery times can take up to 1.5 months. How to make polystyrene foam with your own hands Preparing polystyrene foam at home is still not a safe process. This activity is best done in special premises, for example in a workshop. And also prepare the necessary equipment in advance. All you need is polystyrene in the form of granules (they are quite small, so they are popularly called beads) and special equipment. To make polystyrene foam with your own hands, you need a sufficient number of small polystyrene granules. After which, these balls should swell and stick together.
This procedure is carried out by treating polystyrene granules with hot steam. As a result of this heating, the granules will begin to swell. After the granules swell, they will begin to release gas, which will push them towards each other. At the next stage, the granules are connected to each other, taking the shape of the container in which they are located.
After the resulting mass has cooled, the foam can be considered ready. But it should be borne in mind that the quality of such foam, prepared with your own hands, can be very mediocre. To produce high-quality polystyrene foam, it is necessary to use special equipment that will provide all the production technology. And besides, experiments with such high temperatures in domestic conditions, can cause harm not only to health, but also to the living space itself. Preparatory work The production of expanded polystyrene, which is one of the types of polystyrene foam, requires the presence of an appropriate room.
Styrofoam blocks are empty boxes made from polystyrene foam. The size of such a block is 25 cm in height and width and 95 cm in length. It is worth remembering that although this process is simple, it is classified as chemical and is accompanied by the release of volatile formaldehyde substances. Having reached a certain concentration, they can poison both the manufacturers themselves and everyone around. Scheme and equipment for the production of foam plastic: 1 - raw materials; 2 - pre-foamer; 3 - aging bunker; 4 - block form; 5 - finished products; 6 - cutting foam blocks; 7 - pneumatic transport; 8 - steam receiver; 9 - compressor; 10 - steam generator; 11 - waste crusher. Making polystyrene foam with your own hands must be accompanied by very good ventilation. Therefore, in a city apartment, expand manufacturing process it won't work. A separate room is needed.
A hangar or barn is best suited for this purpose. summer cottage, located away from residential premises. You will also need certain equipment that will have to be installed in this room. To produce expanded polystyrene we will need: granulated polystyrene; steam generator; steam accumulator; compressor; hopper for aging granules; mold for forming blocks; pneumatic transport; machine for cutting the finished product into slabs; check scales; measuring utensils. Dimensions of a polystyrene block. To purchase equipment you need spend approximately 500 thousand rubles.
Therefore, organizing the production of expanded polystyrene should only be done when a sufficiently large volume of products will be produced. For personal consumption, the production of the material is unprofitable. The production process is preceded by the purchase of raw materials. In most cases, polystyrene granules are sold in bags that weigh up to 25 kg. The main differences lie in size, product quality and country of origin.
In many ways, the latter factor plays a decisive role in quality and consumer properties. finished products.How smaller size granules of the material, the more hard and dense polystyrene foam can be obtained from them. In the process of making products with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account the duration of steam treatment and a number of other production technological nuances. In particular, you need to pay attention to the manufacturing date of the purchased raw materials. For granules that have been in storage for a long period of time, the foaming process takes much longer.
Some types of polystyrene foam wall blocks: Monolithic: 1 - row, 2 - end. Collapsible: 3 - 200 mm wide, 4 - 300 mm wide. The polystyrene foam manufacturing process itself is divided into several successive stages. To carry out this work with your own hands you need: hot steam; electrical energy with a voltage of 380 V; cold water. First, the granules are poured into a pre-foaming container with your own hands, where they are treated with hot steam at a temperature of 120-150ºC.
Steam is supplied to the system under pressure from 0.9 to 4.5 atmospheres. Its formation occurs in a steam generator that runs on solid or liquid fuel. To accumulate a sufficient amount of steam, a steam accumulator is used, where it is previously supplied from a steam generator. Already from it, steam enters the pre-foaming tank. Under the influence of hot steam, polystyrene granules begin to increase in volume. During this process, careful monitoring is necessary.
Control weighing of a certain volume of manufactured products is used. To carry out this work, you will need check scales and measuring utensils. After reaching the required density, foam granules from the pre-foaming container are fed into a special hopper for drying. Drying of the material occurs using air heated to a temperature of 60-65ºС.
Then it is moved to another bunker, intended for aging the finished product. In this bunker, the process of product stabilization takes place. The expanded granules absorb moisture. For this reason, drying is necessary for an effective stabilization process. During aging, the final formation of the properties of the granules necessary in future blocks of expanded polystyrene occurs.
The time of this process depends on the size of the granules and the ambient air temperature. Flooring device using ceiling polystyrene foam blocks: 1 - ceiling polystyrene foam blocks, 2 - mounting metal beams, 3 - rib reinforcement, 4 - reinforcing mesh between the ribs, 5 - mounting support post (1 rack per 1 m2 of floor), 6 - rows wall blocks, 7 - additional blocks. Next, you can begin the main process, which consists of baking and molding polystyrene foam blocks. In this process, it is necessary to use pneumatic transport, with the help of which the aged granules are fed into the molding container. After this, hot steam from the steam accumulator begins to flow into it. Under its influence, the block product is independently baked. The quality of the finished foam is directly affected by both the temperature and pressure of the steam, and the duration of its supply.
After the process is completed, the hopper doors open and the resulting block is taken out. Depending on the brand of polystyrene foam, the entire process of baking with your own hands takes from 5 to 10 minutes. The finished blocks are sorted by brand with your own hands and stacked in a dry room. And it must be in a vertical position. The seasoned block is divided on a special machine into sheets of a given thickness.
The most popular sizes of foam sheets are 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 mm. In a modern machine for horizontal cutting, strings are installed that make it possible to divide a block into several sheets at once, cutting off excess from the edges of the blanks. The finished sheets are cut using vertical cutting with your own hands. If necessary, the blanks can be divided into sheets of the required sizes.
Expanded polystyrene can not only be purchased ready-made, but also made with your own hands. This does not require sophisticated equipment. Real benefit from such work is possible if large-scale production is planned, for example, when building a house. If you need to insulate a couple of walls, then it is better to buy polystyrene foam. Due to its thermal insulation properties, polystyrene foam can be used as external thermal insulation roofs, foundations and walls.
To make polystyrene foam with your own hands, you will have to do a number of preparatory work in order to then do everything quickly and efficiently. Products can be made in the form of slabs or blocks.
It all depends on which material is more convenient to use for the job. For example, slabs are used for insulation; they are glued to the surface. To construct any structural forms or for formwork, the use of blocks is required; they are additionally reinforced.
After forming, the blocks have the following dimensions:
Expanded polystyrene is 98% air, it is lightweight and inexpensive.
The process itself, how to make polystyrene foam at home, can be classified as simple, but demanding. The chemical reaction is accompanied by the release of formaldehyde volatiles. If you are not careful, cases of poisoning are likely not only for the manufacturer himself, but also for those around him.
Production scheme:
During manufacture, it is necessary to ensure that there is good ventilation to remove all vapors generated during operation. It is recommended that work be carried out in a separate room.
Return to contents
Properties of expanded polystyrene.
Production planning:
Before starting work, you should ensure that you have the following tools and equipment:
Diagram of an expanded polystyrene panel.
An important step is the purchase of raw materials, i.e. polystyrene granules.
Today this is not so difficult to do; manufacturers offer bags of granules of 25 kg each. It is important to choose the right size, quality of mass, and country of manufacture. It is best to take raw materials from a trusted company whose product quality has the necessary properties.
The choice of granule sizes depends on what kind of polystyrene foam needs to be made.
The smaller the granules, the harder the material can be obtained. You should take into account how much time the pellets have already spent in the warehouse. The longer the raw materials have lain in the warehouse, the large quantity time required for foaming and steam treatment.
Failure to comply with the rules can lead to deterioration in quality, the material will ultimately not be entirely suitable for use, and this is a waste of time and money. It is necessary to correctly purchase raw materials, take into account the processing time, and fulfill all the conditions for baking. An important step is cutting, since the thickness of the slabs must be the same, discrepancies are not allowed.
In this material:
The area of use of polystyrene foam is very wide. The limits of operation are not limited to packaging containers, as most citizens think. Polystyrene foam is widely used in the construction and finishing industries, medicine, various industries, etc. This leads to the logical conclusion that the production of polystyrene foam is profitable business- a project that even young entrepreneurs can implement. A prerequisite for a successful start is a business plan for a foam plastic production enterprise, because without thoughtful step-by-step measures to organize the project and financial settlements the idea may fail already at the preparation stage.
The goal of the project is to organize a polystyrene foam production business in a city with a population of 500,000 or more people.
Type of project – own mini-factory with an area of 200 sq. m.
Funds – a loan or attracting a sponsor. The minimum budget is 2.5 million rubles.
Payback – from 1 year.
The essence of the business idea is simple - investing in organizing a mini-factory for the production of foam plastic, purchasing raw materials and selling the finished product through wholesale networks.
The relevance of the business is explained simply; polystyrene foam is used in such areas as:
Despite the fact that in Russia there are several large factories for the production of foam plastic, the relevance of small and medium-sized businesses of regional importance in this area does not cease to be relevant.
Advantages of the project:
Reference. The main advantage of the foam plastic production business is minimal costs for raw materials with a high markup on the final product. This results in high income and quick payback of the project.
The production of polystyrene foam is a completely automatic process, requiring only the control of the machine operator.
The work process looks like this:
Reference. The cut pieces of foam are not thrown away, but are reused, so we can safely say that this is a waste-free production. The ratio of raw materials and finished foam for the manufacture of new products is 8:1, respectively.
Polystyrene granules are used to make polystyrene foam. The most popular brand is PSB-S 25F, which has a long shelf life, aging period and quality of the final product, optimally suited for most uses.
Other brands of polystyrene:
The cost of 1 kg of polystyrene ranges from 50–70 rubles, which depends on the supplier (China or Russia), as well as on the brand of raw materials. To produce 1 cubic meter of polystyrene foam, 15 kg of polystyrene is required. It is easy to calculate the cost of production - 15 * 70 = 1,050 rubles.
In retail, the cost of foam plastic is from 300 rubles per sheet or 1,500 per package, which also depends on the thickness of the material. Again, it’s easy to calculate the markup on the product and the payback period for the entire project if there are regular customers.
There are several ways to analyze the market for foam manufacturers:
As a rule, more than 80% of entrepreneurs involved in the sale of building materials purchase finished products from suppliers. Hence the high markup on goods, which includes the built-in costs of transportation, inflation, wages and much more. Such entrepreneurs cannot be considered competitors, although in the end they sell the same product.
It is necessary to identify direct producers of foam plastic in the region, determine their level in business (working period, scale of activity, price segment) and compare with your indicators. If possible, it is necessary to set the price of the product no higher than competitors, and preferably 3–4% lower.
Target audience of the project:
Depending on the scale of the project, a businessman can cooperate with either one intermediary or several at the same time, fulfilling orders for the production of foam plastic for different areas of activity.
Possible business risks:
Reference: 99% of all existing and potential risks are absolutely solvable by following the project’s business plan, conducting market and competition analysis both in the region of work and in the country as a whole.
The production of polystyrene foam involves working as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. The choice between the two forms depends on the entrepreneur and the size of the business. For example, for a mini-factory with an area of 200 sq. The status of an individual entrepreneur is quite suitable, but some problems may arise with the sale of products. Large companies fundamentally do not work with individual entrepreneurs, but in fact, small businesses cannot handle multimillion-dollar contracts due to the limited project budget.
A legal entity (LLC) is optimally suited for the operation of a larger enterprise, which in the future aims to reach clients not only in the region where it is located, but also in neighboring regions of the Russian Federation.
Registration procedure entrepreneurial activity in both cases it is almost the same - collecting documents, submitting papers to the tax service, waiting for a decision. A business certificate is issued within 5 days.
OKVED code – 25.21 (production of plastic products).
Taxation system – simplified tax system or UTII.
The optimal area for a foam plastic production workshop is 100 square meters. m. In this case, it is worth taking into account the administrative part of the premises (up to 25 sq. m) and the warehouse (40–60 sq. m). As a result, the entrepreneur needs to rent a building of at least 200 square meters. m.
Premises requirements:
Polystyrene in Russia is produced and supplied by several large factories, as well as intermediary companies. Exact addresses and contacts can be found on the Internet, and you can also study reviews about each supplier and product supplied.
An alternative option is to order raw materials from China. Today this is the maximum affordable option, and Chinese polystyrene is no different from domestic one, but at the same time it costs less. As always, an entrepreneur needs to choose.
The technical equipment of a mini-plant for the production of foam plastic can be purchased either as a set or separately. For a standard type workshop, the products of which are sheets of foam plastic of various thicknesses and shapes, you will need:
For a mini-plant for the production of foam plastic with 1–2 units of equipment, at least 4 service personnel will be required. Provided that the work will be carried out in 2 shifts, the number of workers increases to 8 people.
Minimum staff:
In the future, it makes sense to purchase freight transport and hire 2-3 drivers to deliver products to the customer.
You can sell polystyrene foam in several ways:
Considering that more than 75% of the target audience of a business is construction area, you need to orient yourself in this direction. A broad advertising campaign will help you find clients:
Price reduction, availability advantageous offers and high quality products will allow you to quickly find customers for a long time.
Initial investment (in rubles):
Result: 1,715,000 rubles.
Expenses in the first month:
Result: 690,000 rubles.
The income of a foam plastic production business consists of the volume of finished products and turnover. On average, the mini-plant produces 50 cubic meters of foam plastic per week. The cost of one cubic meter of products is 5,000 rubles. Profit per week – 250,000 rubles. Monthly income – 1 million rubles.
The enterprise’s net earnings are 200–250 thousand rubles, since it is worth deducting mandatory monthly expenses and taxes from 1 million rubles.
The payback period for the project will take 10–12 months.
When planning to open a polystyrene foam production business, you need to remember not only the many positive aspects of the project, but also the potential risks. Perhaps the selected region or specific locality are not suitable for this type of activity. It may also be that the funds taken on credit are not enough to complete the activities started. There are many nuances, so a business plan is not just important and necessary thing, but a direct solution to potential problems.
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"is an expert with a proven reputation over the years. For every client who strives to add variety to their life by using it at home, office space, trading platform, garden, highly aesthetic products made from polystyrene foam, the leading company "TOP-Penoplast" is ready to become a reliable partner and friend.
Our products will help not only to attract attention to your company, but also to brighten the exhibition and interest potential clients through the use of a modern, bright, memorable and effective advertising product.
We will help you make any of your dreams come true using only polystyrene foam. With its help it is possible to recreate anything you want, be it:
The company’s specialists are ready to provide advice regarding installation ready-made structures and products made of polystyrene foam. If necessary, we can provide installation and assembly services ourselves. In addition, “TOP-Penoplast” includes an item for creating an individual drawing based on the client’s wishes, taking into account the scope of application of the products.
Over the course of many years of activity, our company has managed to create its own unique concept for the production of polystyrene foam products, which ensures profitable and truly comfortable relationships with clients.
Along with other competing companies, our company has a number of undeniable advantages:
Affordable prices
Artificially inflating prices and profiting from clients is not our prerogative. We are FOR producing high-quality products at the lowest possible cost. Therefore, over many years of existence, we have a large base of clients who come back again and again. In addition, we were able to significantly reduce costs through the use of more modern technologies in production.
Product installation
Short deadlines
Individual approach
The wishes of our clients and the needs of our customers represent to us special importance. Therefore, we take a responsible approach to fulfilling each order, trying to take into account taste preferences and the specifics of the business area as much as possible. At the same time, we leave a lot of opportunities for our clients for self-realization and the implementation of their ideas, while simultaneously providing consultations at the request of the customer. Both legal entities and individuals who contact our company can directly participate in the creation and development of their own project, as well as make their own adjustments and supplement the drawings at any stage.
High quality products
Fast delivery
experience
Qualified specialists
The TOP-Penoplast company is a team of craftsmen who have professional experience and, importantly, love their work. Our team is represented by diligent craftsmen with knowledge of various specializations. These are professional sculptors with a diploma of higher art education, creative marketers, and experienced designers. The team is also complemented by qualified employees of various specialties who are responsible for individual stages of its production so that the products fully comply with production standards and the wishes of the client.
Polystyrene foam is used in almost all industries, in particular:
The production of foam products is a fairly simple process; the technology does not require specialized education, although it is, of course, welcome. Equipment manufacturers make mini-factories on a turnkey basis - this means that it is completely ready for operation, they also provide a full description technological process, with all proportions.
Foam production
In Russia there are not many factories producing foam plastic products, and foreign products are quite popular, which have high cost. All this speaks of the great competitive advantages of this business, since demand in this industry exceeds supply, and, therefore, the owner can receive excess profits.
Today you can buy equipment of domestic production, Chinese and European. In terms of price category, Russian and Chinese are at the same level, but it is also necessary to take into account the cost of delivery and maintenance of equipment, because often questions about operation may arise or you may need to call a service technician, but it is easier to do this with a Russian company.
The AVIS-GROUP enterprise offers a mini-plant for the production of foam plastic products with the following configuration:
pre-expander – necessary for preliminary heat treatment of polystyrene foam granules to a density of 10 to 50 kg/m3. Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
waste shredder – necessary for crushing scraps after cutting finished sheets. This process is necessary for organizing waste-free production, since waste can be reused by adding to granules, but not more than 5%.
Characteristics:
Such a plant will cost 2,500,000 rubles.
The basis of production is polystyrene granules - PSV-S. They are obtained by polymerization of styrene, the surface is treated with substances that prevent the accumulation electrostatic charges, which greatly facilitates storage and transportation. The following companies produce polymer raw materials in Russia:
The cost of domestic raw materials is from 56 rubles per 25 kg.
Imported raw materials from Chinese and European manufacturers will cost twice as much, but differ more high quality. When organizing production, it is necessary to take into account that polystyrene foam granules must be stored at a temperature not lower than +18 o C and a humidity of not more than 70%. Violation of storage conditions will directly affect the foam manufacturing process.
In addition to granules, various chemical components can be added to the foam composition, which will additionally provide combustion resistance. These are various chlorine- and bromine-containing substances, but their amount should not be more than 5% of the total mass of the loaded granules.
The production process involves several stages:
To calculate profit, the following data is required:
A mini-plant with technical characteristics that will ensure such productivity costs 2,500,000 rubles. With a stable monthly profit, which is ensured by an established sales system for finished products, the payback period can occur in the first six months of the plant’s operation. Of course, these are only preliminary calculations; it is clear that it takes time to establish sales and stable production, but with proper organization you can receive a net profit after the first year of operation.
The production of expanded polystyrene is a profitable business with an average entry threshold. Expanded polystyrene is widely used in a variety of fields - in construction, Food Industry, in the automotive industry.
This article will examine in detail both units for the production of conventional polystyrene foam and equipment for the production of extruded polystyrene foam; you will learn what elements the production line consists of, and the main aspects of the manufacturing technology of this material.
The technology for producing polystyrene foam is quite simple, and can be implemented even if there is the required minimum production equipment.
However, an important factor is the strong dependence of the quality of the final product on meeting all the requirements of the technology, since even the slightest overdrying of polystyrene foam, or, conversely, an attempt to cut insufficiently dried, raw material, can cause rejection of the entire batch of products (even if it is).
In general, the manufacturing technology of expanded polystyrene consists of several successive stages.
At the first stage, the raw materials from which expanded polystyrene (polystyrene foam) is produced - expandable polystyrene granules (EPS), either with your own hands or using automated equipment, are loaded into a pre-expander container.
Pre-foamers heat the granules, as a result of which they inflate, increase in volume, and turn into hollow balls filled with air.
Foaming can be performed either once or several times. When re-foaming, the process is completely repeated - the raw material is re-immersed into the pre-foamer with your own hands (or automatically), warmed up, and expanded. Re-foaming is used when it is necessary to obtain expanded polystyrene with a minimum density.
Its strength characteristics and weight depend on the density of expanded polystyrene. In some cases, for insulation of facades and similar loaded structures, high-density polystyrene foam is required, however, as a rule, due to its lower cost, low-density polystyrene foam is in great demand.
The density of the material is measured in kilograms per cubic meter. Strength is sometimes referred to as actual weight. For example, expanded polystyrene, with an actual weight of 25 kilograms, has a density of 25 kg/m³. This is much better than with .
Polystyrene raw materials, which are foamed once, guarantee the final density of expanded polystyrene in the region of 12 kg/m³. The more foaming processes have been performed, the lower the actual weight of the product will be.
As a rule, the maximum number of foaming processes per batch of raw materials is 2, since repeated foaming greatly deteriorates the strength of the final product.
At the second production stage, foamed polystyrene enters the holding chamber, where it is aged for 24 hours. This process is necessary in order to stabilize the pressure inside the air-filled granules.
With each repeated foaming process, the curing process must be repeated. To create expanded polystyrene with a density of up to 12 kg/m³, the raw material is subject to several repeated cycles of foaming and curing.
After the raw materials have been left for the required amount of time, foam blocks are formed from the semi-finished product. This happens in a block form, inside which the granules are treated with steam supplied under pressure.
After the block is formed, the foam is again aged for 24 hours - this is necessary so that moisture is removed from the foam, since when cutting a raw block, the edges of the product will be torn and uneven, after which it goes to the cutting line, where the blocks are cut into slabs of the required sizes and thickness.
The production line for the production of polystyrene foam includes the following elements:
It is important that the polystyrene raw materials used for the production of expanded polystyrene meet all quality standards, since the characteristics of the finished expanded polystyrene greatly depend on it.
As a rule, the main domestic and foreign manufacturers for the production of polystyrene foam use raw materials from the following companies:
Technological requirements allow for the reuse of waste (recycled polystyrene foam boards). The amount of recycled materials should not exceed 10% of the weight of the final product.
Bags of polystyrene are unloaded using an electric truck, or, in the case of small packaging, with your own hands. Raw materials should not be stored for more than three months after the date of their production. Temperature Storing foam at - from 10 to 15 degrees.
This production line consists of a pre-expander (usually cyclic type), a drying unit for polystyrene foam granules, a pneumatic conveyor, and a control element.
Polystyrene from bags is unloaded with your own hands into a pre-foamer, into which hot steam (at a temperature of about 95-100 degrees) is supplied under pressure, under the influence of which the primary foaming of the raw material occurs.
The process is controlled by computer equipment, which, when the polystyrene reaches a given volume, stops the steam supply, after which the semi-finished product enters the drying unit.
The granules, from which excess moisture has been removed, are transported to a container for aging. In the container, through air conditioning, the specified humidity and air temperature and humidity are constantly maintained.
At temperatures ranging from 16 to 25 degrees, the granules are kept for about 12 hours. During this time, the hollow foam granules are filled with air.
The technology for re-aging, which is performed in the case of secondary foaming, is similar to the method described above, and is carried out using the same equipment.
It is the volume of the container that largely determines the nominal productivity of the production line, so the number and size of bins must be carefully calculated based on the desired production volume.
From the storage container, foamed polystyrene granules are conveyed using pneumatic transport into an intermediate chamber, which is equipped with a filling sensor.
When the required number of granules arrives, the raw material is transported to the forming block. A block mold is an airtight container that, after filling with granules, is closed. Through the supply valve, hot steam is supplied to the block mold.
During heat treatment under pressure, secondary foaming of granules occurs, which expand and, upon reaching a given temperature, are sintered into a monolithic block of polystyrene foam.
Cooling of the formed polystyrene foam occurs in the same unit, by pumping air from the chamber vacuum pump. To stabilize the internal air pressure in the polystyrene foam granules, the block is kept at room temperature throughout the day.
After the required time has elapsed, the polystyrene foam block enters the cutting unit. The cutting line is a complex equipment that is capable of cutting in both horizontal and vertical planes.
This equipment has two operating modes - an automatic mode for implementing a given program, and a mode with manual control. As a rule, the entire process occurs automatically.
The cutting element of the equipment is hot strings made of refractory steel, which are capable of quickly and efficiently forming foam slabs of the required shapes and sizes.
The installation's electronic control system makes it possible to manually adjust the filament temperature of the strings, the speed of their movement, and the size of the final product.
Expanded polystyrene materials damaged during the production process are not disposed of, but must be recycled. The processing of polystyrene foam is carried out in a unit in which crushing hammers rotate, which crush the foam slabs into individual granules.
The raw materials obtained during the processing process are fed via pneumatic transport into a storage hopper, from which the granules fall into the block mold in an amount not exceeding 10% of the weight of the primary raw materials used for production.
The difference in the production line for the production of extruded polystyrene foam, in comparison with the above-described technology for the production of conventional polystyrene foam, is the presence of an extruder.
An extruder is equipment for the production of extruded polystyrene foam, which has forming dies through which the polystyrene melt is pushed.
The extrusion head gives the polystyrene foam the required structure, resulting in monolithic products with closed cells with a diameter of 0.1 mm, which are superior to conventional polystyrene foam in terms of hydrophobicity and vapor permeability.
This technology provides a different approach to the foaming of raw materials, which occurs as a result of mixing granules with a foaming reagent in a nitrogen environment.
