You will be able to build safe house if you build for him quality roofing. To do this, choose good project, calculate how many materials will be needed to build one or another part of the house. Do the fastening of the rafters of your gable roof in good faith.
Don't forget what you will need to do high-quality waterproofing throughout the house and on the roof, insulate your home. Choose the best roofing material you can afford. For each type of roof, the rafters are made in their own way.
You don't have to build as you see fit. There are certain, proven technologies for building houses. Read the instructions, buy the right materials and proceed on your own or with helpers to build your home.
For example, according to the norms, the truss system is considered reliable when it can withstand a pressure of 200 kg per m2. First, decide what kind of roof you will make over the house, and then study the features of installing rafters for it.
In this article
Perfect when you've built country cottage personally. You can choose the design of the house and the layout of the rooms as you like. You will personally choose and order high-quality material and take part in all stages of construction, and then the arrangement of your home. In such a house, where every corner is familiar, it will be pleasant to live.
A large load falls on the rafters - the weight of the roof. They must be of high quality, reliable and well fastened.
Layered rafters include the following materials:
The legs of the rafter legs are bars of medium thickness. They are installed along the slopes. It is the rafters that keep the roof from deflecting in one place or another. The weight load of the coating is distributed to other parts of the roof.
Structures are made layered when there are too large runs between vertical posts. When you are given a project, the step between the rafters will already be calculated there. The fastening of the rafters on a gable roof should be such that the roof after installation remains strong and lasts a long time. Racks are provided here, which similarly support the roof.
The rafters are included in the roof frame and can be according to their specifications. sloping and hanging characteristics. Let's take a closer look at each type:
When you purchase beams for rafters, do not be too lazy to drive to the warehouse. The wood should be seasoned, not wet, even and not chipped, with no signs of mold or bugs. Buy only high-quality material, give up the bad. Then you will treat the bars with an antiseptic composition so that they do not become moldy or insects spoil them.
The beds serve as a support for the bars and so the run is supported. The legs of the rafter will rest against the Mauerlat with one of the ends, and with the second into the runs. They are attached to the latter.
Struts are made to make the rafter legs even more stable.
Make sure that the connections between the parts are strong and reliable. Fasten the parts to each other:
When you are just starting work on the construction of the roof, you need to attach the Mauerlat around the perimeter of your walls. What it is? big bar, it is attached to the load-bearing walls of the house using anchor bolts. Mauerlat is the basis for a roof with rafters.
Before assembling the truss truss, you must carefully cut all the planks with beams and beams. They are cut at an angle.
At the top, where the base of the Mauerlat, the rafters must be fastened end-to-end using screws. Want to avoid cracks? Drill a hole slightly smaller than the screw itself.
The most popular slings made of wood. They are preferred by the vast majority of those under construction. The material is lightweight but durable. Can work with him experienced builder, and a beginner who decided to build a house on his own.
Many make such a design when the rafter legs hang down. The system is good for both home and bath. Some work can be done on the ground, and then lift the bonded material to the installation site. There is relatively little lumber for such a structure, which will allow you to save.
1 triangle of rafters is required, which is made according to clear dimensions and adhering to the rules. Made rafters, which will have well-measured and fastened crossbars with puffs, are pulled onto the roof. Here they need to be placed in certain places vertically and very evenly. Attach them to the ridge with Mauerlat.
If the slopes near the roof are longer than 4.5 m, then in order for the system to be stable and more reliable, you need to install racks in a vertical position. One of their ends will support the rafter leg, 2 will rest directly on the beam located on the ceiling.
Do this and it does not matter which rafters you installed: layered or hanging. When slopes are added to a structure, it becomes stiffer. Do not forget that the rafters are most often attached to a ridge beam with a Mauerlat. A reliable gable house will come out.
Entrust the creation of a project at home to a professional. He will tell you what diameter in section the beams are needed, the length of the slats and other details. After all, the specialist knows that the rafter system holds the roof. It takes the biggest load and needs correct calculations, high-quality building materials.
It’s better not to ask advice from house builders like yourself. Yes, they built their house, but how strong is it? Not known.
It is best to contact a familiar foreman and ask him good advice. After all, he owns the documentation. There are clear standards for the permissible load per 1 m2, which must be followed when building a house. The documentation states what kind of load is given and what material will cope with it.
Take a notebook with a pen to a meeting with the foreman and immediately write down his advice. So, you definitely won’t forget anything, you won’t mix it up. Build it the way he expertly recommends.
For two pitched roofs most owners make rafters from wood. Choose the one that has matured. Now process it carefully so that the mold does not start, the bug cannot undermine.
When you assemble the structure, make sure that the angle between the rack with the struts is no more than 45 degrees. Wooden beams must be cut obliquely so that the construction truss tilts at an angle of 40 degrees.
Rafter parts can be attached to each other not only with brackets, but also with corners. Purchase right size metal corners to attach rafters to the Mauerlat. The latter in any of the parts must be strong and reliable. Parts of the system can be interconnected with nails with cutouts, corners with screws, and other devices.
When you build a roof, do not fuss. Everything must be done soundly and thoroughly. After all, even wooden frame houses cost at least 50 years, and log cabins and 100.
Your task is to adhere to technology, not to make mistakes anywhere so that the roof does not warp after a year or 5. Consult with craftsmen and experienced comrades who have already made roofs for themselves or to order, and gradually build a roof.
The truss system is the roof frame, which is the basis for the roofing decking.
The rafter system is designed to withstand the load of the roof, taking into account natural loads: winds, snow, rain.
The roof option is approved at the design stage.
The purpose of the roof includes several functions: heat in the house, protection of the premises from natural phenomena, That's why truss system must be given Special attention.
How to make a calculation truss system you can read .
It is customary to classify truss systems so that the task of choosing a variant of the future roof is easier to solve:
The most suitable designs for - and broken gable. There are others, but they are less common and not as practical as those listed above.
Rafter structures are also classified into:
The calculation of the material for the roof frame when designing a building is based on the intended configuration and load. Do-it-yourself rafters are not difficult to do, it is important to approach the matter wisely.
Rafter systems of layered and hanging type
To correctly calculate the load on the rafters, it is necessary to take into account many factors that can affect the severity of the structure.
Important metrics to consider:
In addition, you should keep in mind the mass and strength of the rafter legs, as well as pay attention to the fastening of the gable roof rafters and the installation option.
Scheme of truss systems
The rafter pitch of a gable roof is the empty space between the rafters. The functionality of the roof depends on the correct calculation of the step. As a rule, the step is about a meter.
For a more accurate calculation of the distance between the rafters, there is a certain calculation scheme:
This calculation is not always final.
Additionally, you should take into account the load of the roofing (its mass), the thickness of the rafters, as well as the dimensions of the rafters for a gable roof.
The thickness of the rafter board largely depends on the covering material:
All indicators should be taken into account and the thickness of the rafter should be accurately calculated so that there is no excessive load on the foundation.
Incorrect calculation of the length of the gable roof rafters, as well as incorrect calculation of the pitch indicators, can lead to sagging of the roof.
Do-it-yourself installation of gable roof rafters requires taking into account the weight of the rafter board and all additional structural fasteners.
Rafter construction - a complex system and installing a gable roof truss system is not an easy task. truss system consists not only of rafter boards, but also of other additional elements:
The rafter system implies rafters, stretch marks, braces and racks located in the same plane. They are located in such a way that the main load roof structure falls vertically on external load-bearing walls. Therefore, the manufacture of gable roof rafters is a very important process.
What is the gable roof truss system
A layered rafter system is used when the span does not exceed 6.5 meters.
In the presence of load-bearing structures inside the building, it is possible to install additional racks.
The main support of the rafter legs is the Mauerlat.
Before mounting the Mauerlat, it is necessary to install an armored belt. It consists of a formwork in which reinforcement is laid and poured with concrete. At the base, with concrete that has not yet hardened, studs are installed, to which the Mauerlat is then attached.
Mauerlat - a beam that is laid on a support (bearing wall) and is the base roof frame. Pre-laid layer waterproofing material. If the length of the beam is not enough for the length of the wall, then it is increased.
The stability of the roof structure depends on how firmly the Mauerlat is installed.
Therefore, it is necessary to take seriously the fastening of the Mauerlat to the bearing support.
Mauerlat installation
After the Mauerlat has dried (after 5 days), the installation of the bed is marked on the Mauerlat beam: its axis should be with the same indentation on each side of the Mauerlat beam. The bed is attached to a two-layer waterproofing layer anchor bolts. To the wall with inside the bed should be fixed with twists of wire or staples. Next, markup is made for installing the rafters.
The anchor points of the layered rafters are the walls and racks inside the frame. The rafters are mounted with hinged attachment points. When using sliders for fastening, a slight lowering of the roof frame is ensured in the first years of the roof's service life.
This installation method is necessary to prevent distortion, as in the early years the building settles a little.
Rafter beams should be fixed either by installing them in prepared grooves and strengthened with fasteners, or by attaching plank linings.
Installation of rafters
The rafters are joined end-to-end, cutting off the edge of the bar so that the angle when connecting opposite beams corresponds to the angle of the slope. Hammer the rafters under the ridge with nails. A variant is possible in which the beams are connected by bolts, a nail or a hairpin, that is, they overlap.
If necessary (if provided by the project), a cut is made in roof beams for fastening the ridge beam (run).
ridge knot
Racks are attached with a short span - in the center, on the sides and center - with a wider roof base. Fastening is carried out vertically from the ridge to the inner wall.
Run - a connecting beam for fixing rafter legs. Fastens with bolts or brackets to the rack.
The final step in the installation of the layered system is the installation of filly with a short length of rafter legs for overhang. To install the visor, it is necessary to install additional small rafter boards.
Installation of a rafter system with layered rafters
truss system, equipped with hanging rafters, is a triangular structure, where the sides are rafters, and the base is a puff connected to the lower heels of the rafters.
Installation of a hanging-type truss frame can do without installing a Mauerlat: a board that is fixed on a two-layer waterproofing can replace it.
If the structure has a large span, then struts, headstocks, crossbars are attached to it.
Racks in the hanging system are not provided.
The puff is the longest beam of the roof frame. To prevent it from sagging, it is necessary to fasten headstock - boards that are attached to the top of the structure on one side, and to the puff - on the other. Fasten with bolts or overlays made of wood. The slack can be adjusted using the threaded collars.
The device of the truss system
The headstock can be supplemented with strut beams, forming a rhombus, where two struts are the lower sides, and the rafters are the upper ones, the upper corner is the ridge. Thus, the struts rest against the headstock, distributing the load.
Strut beams
rafters hanging structure mounted like a layered one. When installing attics, the puff is installed closer to the ridge, providing more space under the ceiling. The tightening in this case is fastened by cutting with bolts.
ATTENTION!
When installing a hanging system prerequisite installation is the accuracy of calculations and the strength of the rafters and tightening.
The presence of errors leads to the displacement of the axes of the elements of the system, which provides a distortion of the structure.
How to install rafters for a gable roof will tell you this photo:
Rafter installation
hanging rafters
It is necessary to reinforce the rafters of a gable roof when the load calculation is incorrect or frame defects are found.
Strengthening can be done with:
You can resort to strengthening the Mauerlat beam and the base of the rafter beam. Due high humidity and reduced ventilation, these parts of the frame are more prone to decay, therefore, when arranging the roof special attention needs to be paid
The construction of the roof is one of the most important stages in the construction of a house. The simplest designs include gable roofs with straight slopes. If it is decided that a gable roof will be built with your own hands, then you need to carefully read step by step instructions and video. The functional parameters of the roof also depend on proper insulation, characteristics and quality of installation of the finishing coating.
To determine the configuration and size of the roof, it is necessary to take into account the snow and wind load in the available climatic conditions- how less angle slope, the better the design resists loads. But a small angle of inclination (40 degrees or less) does not allow full use of the attic space.
The shape and design of the roof are developed in accordance with the design plan of the house: the key points of support of the roof truss system must coincide with the lines and points of location of the supporting structures of the underlying floor. Thus, it is necessary to take into account the width of the house, the presence of a longitudinal bearing wall in the center. If the attic is not planned to be used as an additional usable area for permanent or seasonal residence, you can make a reliable roof with layered rafters. In this case, the rafters are attached to the ridge run, which is supported by racks resting on an internal load-bearing wall.
Hanging rafters are the most practical and economical option for light structures. In this case, the rafter legs are connected in pairs with crossbars - horizontal lintels, which provide the necessary rigidity of the structure. The hanging rafter system relies on side walls structures.
If the width of the house exceeds 6 meters, in addition to the crossbars, which act as the basis for the ceiling, runs and racks are installed. The run is a horizontal bar that acts as an additional support for the rafters that form the roof slope. Installation of the run requires the use of racks. Racks, in turn, rely on beds - a special beam laid along the slope. Beds and racks perform the function of the frame of the walls attic room. Such a layered design allows you to make an attic or a spacious attic for household needs with your own hands.
If construction is required simple and reliable roof, a gable design with an inclination angle of 45-50 ° is optimally suited. Such a truss system is suitable for mounting on residential buildings and buildings for various purposes. When calculating materials, it must be taken into account that the truss system must be light enough to avoid excessive load on the foundation, but at the same time strong. The cross section of lumber should be selected based on the size roof structure.
Consider step by step how to build a do-it-yourself roof with layered rafters and an attic. At the first stage, the installation of the upper strapping - the Mauerlat - is carried out on the longitudinal walls of the house. The harness absorbs the pressure of the entire roofing system and distribute it evenly building structures- walls and foundations.
Mauerlat is made of timber (section from 50 × 150 to 150 × 150 mm), treated with special protective equipment to protect against decay and fire.
Mauerlat can be done in various ways:
Studs should be located with a step of no more than 120 mm. The height of the protruding end of the fastener should be 20-30 mm higher than the total thickness of the waterproofing and the beam, in which holes should be made in advance. The beam is put on the studs and tightly attracted by nuts with wide washers.
The truss system, which you can do with your own hands, consists of a number of elements combined into a single whole. The A-shaped truss truss is a rigid structure that works "for expansion". If the construction of the roof is carried out on log house, opposite walls should be reinforced with screeds from a 100 × 150 mm beam at the level of the ceiling beams. This is done so that the walls do not move apart under load.
On ceiling beds are laid - additional elements from a beam of 150 × 150 mm or more, which serve as a support for the racks and redistribute the point load on the floor surface. Do-it-yourself laying of beds should be done along the lines of the walls of the future attic space. If the attic is not going to be used, the bed can be laid directly under the ridge to mount support posts. If necessary, you can splice the timber, but only in places where the joint will lie on the beam. The spiked connection is reinforced with a bracket or a metal plate.
The repeating parts of the rafter system should be made completely identical to each other in order to build an isosceles gable roof, the weight of which will be distributed evenly even under atmospheric loads. For this purpose, templates of identical parts are made with their own hands.
Boards 50 × 150 mm are laid out on the floor of the house, a triangle of the required height is made from two rafter legs and a rack board (its length corresponds to the height of the future roof), connected by a nail. Together or three of us, the structure rises - the rack is installed on the central axis of the ceiling, the rafters are installed on the Mauerlat.
In the process of preparing the template, you can lengthen the elements by varying the height of the roof and choosing the most suitable option.
Having decided on the dimensions, it is necessary to make curly cuts on the rafters at the points of their contact with the strapping. The rafter leg should firmly rest against the Mauerlat. There are a number of mounting methods, you should choose the most convenient and reliable, it is advisable to use metal lining. The intricacies of the technology can be found in the video. The resulting truss structure subsequently acts as a template, and the support board helps to control the height of the installed trusses.
The pediment is a continuation of the wall, bounded by the slopes of the roof. If provided gable roof, the gables of the house have the shape of a triangle. When installing the rafter structure, first of all, extreme trusses are installed, which later serve as a frame for the gables. It is necessary to strictly check the verticality of the structures and ensure that they have the same height. In the upper part of the gables, a ridge run is attached, to which the rest of the truss structures are subsequently mounted.
Usually the pediments are sewn up after finishing roofing works, but this can be done at an earlier stage. Installation of boards 50 × 100 or 50 × 150 mm is carried out in a vertical or horizontal direction. The pediment, which you can build with your own hands, is often equipped with windows.
It is necessary to provide for the insulation of the gables.
A crate is stuffed onto the rafter system, the step of which is calculated based on the characteristics roofing material- its dimensions and rigidity, installation method. If flexible materials are to be used ( shingles, PVC films, rolled bitumen roofs), it is necessary to make a continuous, even flooring.
Roof insulation must be taken as carefully as possible, because otherwise heat loss will be very significant. Usually, a gable roof is immediately carried out taking into account the use of certain materials for insulation - when building a rafter system with your own hands, the pitch of the rafters is calculated relative to the width of the sheet insulation. This allows you to build a roof with minimal economic costs, since the material for insulation does not have to be cut. In addition, this approach speeds up and simplifies the installation of the insulation and vapor barrier system.
In this high-quality video, you can see in detail how to make a gable roof yourself and make sure that there is nothing complicated about it.
The roof is an important structure of the house. She completes the construction of the building frame, after which only the finishing remains. The most common execution scheme with two slopes. The gable roof is made by hand without much difficulty, you just need to understand the technology.
Before you start installing a gable roof, you need to figure out what it is. The design differs from all other gables. You can bring the following varieties of them, depending on the method of assembling the truss system:
The main elements of the gable roof system are:
Rafters are the main supporting structures. When building with your own hands, it is important to choose their cross section correctly, otherwise an emergency situation may arise.
Before you make a gable roof, you will need to select materials. Installation begins with the choice of wood. To build a reliable structure that is resistant to external factors with your own hands, you will need to perform the following recommendations:
For construction, it is better to choose conifers of the first or second grade 
A heat-insulating layer is required when designing a living space in the under-roof space of a house - an attic. Most often, do-it-yourself installation of mineral wool material is performed to increase thermal insulation characteristics. At the same time, it is important to provide a ventilation gap between the heat insulator and the roofing. The height of the rafter leg should not be less than the thickness of the insulation. To increase the clearance, such an element of the system as a counter-lattice is introduced - a bar that is nailed parallel to the rafter leg and increases its height.
The most convenient rafter pitch for a private house is the one that provides a clear distance of 0.58 m between them.
This allows you to correctly install mineral wool slabs without undercuts and additional elements. For such a step, the following recommendations for the cross section can be given, depending on the span:
It is important to know the following: load-bearing capacity and bending resistance are more affected by height than width. If necessary, increase the bearing capacity more effectively increase the height.
Another element whose cross section will need to be selected is the crate. The most optimal value will be a thickness of 32 mm. With increased load, the value is increased to 40 mm.
The remaining components of the truss system of the house are assigned constructively, based on what lumber is available. But at the same time, strength requirements should still be taken into account.
Immediately after purchasing the material, before the assembly of the system begins, you will need to process all the elements with special compounds with your own hands.
Gable, like any other roof of the house, needs the following types of protection:
To build a roof at home with your own hands, you need to do all the work in a certain order. Installation of elements does not cause difficulties, but the quality of nodes and connections must be controlled. The most important areas are:
To properly build a roof with your own hands, the work should be done in the following order:
When installing with your own hands, it is important to understand where to put the Mauerlat. A bar with a section of 150x150 mm or 200x200 mm is installed on the inner edge of the outer walls. At the same time, it is important to ensure sufficient thermal insulation of such a site. The outer part of the fence in this area can be made of the same material as the walls.
In this case, laying is performed at an angle equal to the slope of the slopes. The second option is to fill the space with expanded clay concrete. These methods are relevant for stone houses (brick, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, etc.). If it is planned to build a frame or wooden house, the Mauerlat will act as top harness or wall crown.
There are several ways to get the job done:
When building a house, it is also important to know how to build up the Mauerlat. Standard sizes lumber - 6 m, and the walls can be longer. To connect two elements along the length, you will need to perform a direct lock. To do this, cut out the lower part of one element, and the upper part of the other. Fastening is done with bolts. It is not recommended to cut at an angle in this case. With the help of a direct gash, corner joints are also made.
The choice of mounting method for the Mauerlat largely depends on the material of the walls, more precisely on its strength. For lightweight concrete, a mandatory event will be the pouring of a monolithic belt around the perimeter.
It is important to provide waterproofing between wood and stone material. For this, roofing material, linokrom or hydroisol are most often used.
There are two most common options for doing do-it-yourself work when building a house:
In both cases, the rafters are additionally fixed with metal corners on both sides. When using a system with a gash, you will need to process the timber at an angle corresponding to the slope of the roof of the house. When installing without a gash, it is necessary to prepare a support beam with your own hands, which will not allow the system element to move across the Mauerlat. As an additional fixation, nails are hammered and a wire is twisted from the leg to the wall (you can perform such an attachment through one leg).
2 types of fastening rafters to Mauerlat How do-it-yourself gable rafters at home will be installed for detailed and visual information, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the series “knots wooden roofs residential rural buildings. This album contains a large number of options for fixing all the elements that will help to complete the installation without errors.
Rafters perform a number of significant roofing functions. They set the configuration of the future roof, perceive atmospheric loads, and hold the material. Among the rafter duties are the formation of even planes for laying the coating and providing space for the components of the roofing pie.
In order for such a valuable part of the roof to flawlessly cope with the listed tasks, information about the rules and principles of its construction is needed. The information is useful both for those who are building a gable roof truss system with their own hands, and for those who decide to resort to the services of a hired team of builders.
In the construction of a truss frame for pitched roofs, wooden and metal beams. starting material for the first option is a board, log, timber.
The second is constructed from rolled metal: channel, profile pipe, I-beam, corner. There are combined structures with steel most loaded parts and wood elements in less critical areas.
In addition to the "iron" strength, the metal has a lot of disadvantages. These include heat engineering qualities that do not satisfy the owners of residential buildings. Disappointing need for the use of welded joints. Most often, industrial buildings are equipped with steel rafters, less often private change houses assembled from metal modules.
In the case of self-construction of truss structures for private houses, wood is a priority. It is easy to work with it, it is lighter, “warmer”, more attractive in terms of environmental criteria. In addition, nodal connections do not require welding machine and welding skills.
The main "player" of the frame for the construction of the roof is the rafter, among the roofers called the rafter leg. Beds, braces, headstocks, girders, puffs, even Mauerlat may or may not be used depending on the architectural complexity and dimensions of the roof.
The rafters used in the construction of the gable roof frame are divided into:
In accordance with the technological specifics of the rafter legs, the structures constructed from them are divided into layered and hanging. For structural stability, they are equipped with struts and additional racks.
For the arrangement of supports for the top of the layered rafters, beds and girders are mounted. In reality, the truss structure is much more complicated than the elementary patterns described.
Note that the formation of a gable roof frame can generally be carried out without a truss structure. In such situations, the alleged planes of the slopes are formed by slegs - beams laid directly on the bearing gables.
However, we are now specifically interested in the device of the truss system gable roof, and it can involve either hanging or layered rafters, or a combination of both types.
The rafter system is fastened to brick, foam concrete, aerated concrete walls through the mauerlat, which in turn is fixed with anchors.
Between the Mauerlat, which is wooden frame, and with walls made of these materials, a waterproofing layer of roofing material, waterproofing, etc. is mandatory laid.
The top of the brick walls is sometimes specially laid out so that something like a low parapet is obtained along the outer perimeter. So it is necessary that the Mauerlat placed inside the parapet and the walls do not burst the rafter legs.
The rafters of the roof frame of wooden houses rest on the upper crown or on ceiling beams. The connection in all cases is made by cutting and duplicated with nails, bolts, metal or wooden plates.
It is highly desirable that the cross section and linear dimensions of the wooden beams be determined by the project. The designer will give a clear calculation justification for the geometric parameters of the board or beam, taking into account the entire range of loads and weather conditions. If available home master there is no design development, his path lies on the construction site of a house with a similar roof structure.
You can ignore the number of storeys of the building under construction. It is easier and more correct to find out the required dimensions from the foreman than to find them out from the owners of a shaky unauthorized construction. After all, the foreman is in the hands of documentation with a clear calculation of the loads per 1 m² of roof in a particular region.
The installation step of the rafters determines the type and weight of the roofing. The heavier it is, the smaller the distance between the rafter legs should be. For laying clay tiles, for example, optimal distance there will be 0.6-0.7 m between the rafters, and 1.5-2.0 m is acceptable for the profiled sheet.
However, even if the step required for the correct installation of the roof is exceeded, there is a way out. This is a reinforcing counter-lattice device. True, it will increase both the weight of the roof and the construction budget. Therefore, it is better to deal with the step of the rafters before the construction of the rafter system.
Craftsmen calculate the pitch of the rafters according to the design features of the building, tritely dividing the length of the ramp into equal distances. For insulated roofs, the step between the rafters is selected based on the width of the thermal insulation boards.
On our website you can find, which may also help you a lot during construction.
Rafter structures of the layered type are much simpler in execution than their hanging counterparts. A justified plus of the layered scheme is to provide full ventilation, which is directly related to the longevity of the service.
Distinctive design features:
The minus of the scheme is the presence of structural elements that affect the layout inner space operated attic.
If the attic is cold and organization is not supposed to be in it utility rooms, then the layered design of the truss system for the installation of a gable roof should be preferred.
A typical sequence of work on the construction of a layered truss structure:
If the rafter system is done flawlessly, the layered boards are mounted in random order.
If there is no confidence in the ideal structure, then the extreme pairs of rafters are installed first. A control twine or fishing line is stretched between them, according to which the position of the newly installed rafters is adjusted.
The installation of the truss structure is completed by installing the filly, if the length of the rafter legs does not allow the formation of an overhang of the required length. By the way, for wooden buildings the overhang should “go beyond” the contour of the building by 50 cm. If the organization of the visor is planned, separate mini-rafters are installed under it.
Another useful video about the construction of a gable truss base with your own hands:
The hanging type of truss systems is a triangle. The two upper sides of the triangle are folded by a pair of rafters, and the puff connecting the lower heels serves as the base.
The use of tightening allows you to neutralize the effect of the thrust, therefore, only the weight of the crate, the roof, plus, depending on the season, the weight of precipitation, acts on walls with hanging truss structures.
Characteristic features of hanging type truss structures:
The advantages of the hanging scheme include the space under the roof free from racks, which allows you to organize an attic without pillars and partitions. There are disadvantages.
The first of these is the limitation on the steepness of the slopes: their slope angle can be at least 1/6 of the span of a triangular truss, steeper roofs are strongly recommended. The second disadvantage is the need for thorough calculations for the competent device of cornice nodes.
Among other things, the angle of the truss truss will have to be set with jewelry accuracy, because. the axes of the connected components of the hanging truss system must intersect at a point, the projection of which must fall on the central axis of the Mauerlat or the lining board replacing it.
Puff - the longest element of the hanging rafter structure. Over time, it, as is typical of all lumber, deforms and sags under the influence of its own weight.
Owners of houses with spans of 3-5m are not too concerned about this circumstance, but owners of buildings with spans of 6 meters or more should think about installing additional parts that exclude geometric changes in tightening.
To prevent sagging in the installation scheme of the truss system for a large-span gable roof, there is a very significant component. This is a pendant called a grandmother.
Most often, it is a bar attached with wooden surfs to the top of the truss truss. You should not confuse the headstock with the racks, because. its lower part should not come into contact with the puff at all. And the installation of racks as supports in hanging systems ah does not apply.
The bottom line is that the headstock, as it were, hangs on a ridge knot, and a tightening is already attached to it with the help of bolts or nailed wooden plates. Threaded or collet type clamps are used to correct slack.
Adjustment of the tightening position can be arranged in the zone of the ridge knot, and the headstock can be rigidly connected to it with a notch. Instead of a bar on non-residential attics reinforcement can be used to make the described tightening element. It is also recommended to arrange a headstock or suspension where the puff is assembled from two bars to support the connection area.
In an improved hanging system of this type, the headstock is complemented by strut beams. The stress forces in the resulting rhombus are extinguished spontaneously due to the competent arrangement of the vector loads acting on the system.
As a result, the truss system pleases with stability with a slight and not too expensive upgrade.
In order to increase usable space the tightening of the rafter triangles for the attic is moved closer to the ridge. A perfectly reasonable move has additional advantages: it allows you to use puffs as the basis for filing the ceiling.
It is attached to the rafters by cutting with a semi-frying pan with a duplication of a bolt. It is protected from sagging by installing a short headstock.
A noticeable drawback of the attic hanging structure is the need for accurate calculations. It is too difficult to calculate it on your own, it is better to use a ready-made project.
Cost is an important argument for an independent builder. Naturally, the price of construction for both types of truss systems cannot be the same, because:
Saving on the grade of material will not work. For load-bearing elements both systems: rafters, girders, beds, Mauerlat, attendants, racks, lumber of the 2nd grade is needed.
For crossbars and puffs working in tension, you will need the 1st grade. In the manufacture of less responsible wooden slips, the 3rd grade can be used. Without counting, we can say that in the construction of hanging systems, expensive material is used to a greater extent.
Hanging trusses are harvested on open area next to the object, then transported to assembled up. To lift weighty triangular arches from a bar, you will need equipment, for which you will have to pay rent. And the project for complex nodes of the hanging version is also worth something.
Video instruction on the installation of a truss structure of a hanging category:
There are actually many more methods for constructing truss systems for roofs with two slopes.
We have described only the basic varieties that are actually applicable for small country houses and buildings without architectural designs. However, the information provided is sufficient to cope with the construction of a simple truss structure.
