(4
votes, average: 5,00
out of 5)
Electricity tariffs increase every year, along with them the general house payments for lighting of places increase common use. In this regard, many management companies are beginning to consider the question of how to upgrade lighting in entrances to LED. What solutions exist today and how to make the right choice?
The main goal of introducing LED lighting technology in the housing and communal services sector is savings. The LED solution itself is 8-10 times more economical than a similar one with an incandescent lamp and approximately 2 times more economical than a solution with a compact fluorescent lamp, so you can limit yourself to the implementation of lamps without sensors.
But a product with built-in “intelligence” will allow you to additionally save another 60-80% of electricity. At the same time, the additional costs will be quite small. We can conclude that for the housing and communal services sector, lighting equipment with a built-in sensor is an economically viable solution.
Most often, the presence of a person on a staircase is determined by sound or movement. The smaller volumes of use of lighting technology with motion sensors in apartment buildings are due to the fact that this type of device is directional, which imposes significant restrictions on the location of the lamp on the staircase. It turns out that in limited space entrance, it is not always possible to replace existing lighting equipment “point to point” while maintaining the installation location. At the same time, connecting electrical networks to a new location is always an additional cost.
Equipment with sound detection is not this deficiency, the accuracy of determining the presence of a person does not depend on the location of the lamp. This is probably one of the reasons that such products are widely used in all regions of Russia without exception. The disadvantages of the acoustic method include false alarms, for example, due to extraneous noise on the street or in apartments. But such activations in general, for all solutions installed at the facility, rarely account for more than 3% of the total operating time.
The second sensor that manufacturers integrate into housing and communal services lamps is optical. Its function is to prevent the light in the entrance from turning on during daylight hours if natural light enough. It is permissible to conclude that the most the best solution is a combination of two sensors in a product, namely optical and acoustic. Such “smart” lighting technology can save up to 98% of electricity. There are facilities where consumers were able to reduce the cost of each light source from 1,500 rubles to 27 rubles per year.
To increase comfort and safety, some luminaires have a “standby mode”. In this mode, the equipment operates at full power only when a person is on the staircase, and the rest of the time it emits 20-30% of the declared luminous flux.
There is no longer pitch darkness in the room, there is enough light for the operation of video surveillance systems, in order to see through the door peephole what is happening on the landing. At the same time, energy consumption is extremely low. Perhaps we can already say that the presence of a standby mode is one of the standard customer requirements for lighting equipment with sensors in the housing and communal services sector.
All other things being equal, the higher the power of the equipment, the brighter the room will be. Today, the optimal total power consumption for housing and communal services lamps is in the range of 6-8 W. This product will replace an analogue with an incandescent lamp with a power of up to 60-75W.
The degree of protection is indicated according to GOST 14254 by the letters IP and two numbers. From IP20 to IP68. The higher the index, the higher the protection.
For entrances and other dry rooms, IP20 protection is sufficient; for basements and similar rooms, protection from IP54 and higher is desirable. For lighting at the entrance to the entrance, it is better to choose lamps with IP64 and higher.
Products with acoustic sensors are characterized by a relatively low IP degree, since technological holes in the housing are necessary for more accurate operation of sensors of this type.
Vandal resistance is quite important parameter when choosing solutions for the entrances of residential buildings. Lighting equipment for the housing and communal services sector must withstand significant shock loads while remaining operational.
If the body of such lamps has a streamlined shape, this will also complicate its unauthorized removal from the wall or ceiling. Anti-removal fasteners, plugs, others Constructive decisions able to provide enough reliable protection from equipment theft.
It seems that the need to replace existing equipment in the housing and communal services sector with modern LED lighting equipment with sensors is quite obvious and even inevitable.
As an example of a specific solution that is already widely used in apartment buildings, let us cite the SA-7008U lamp of the Perseus series. This series is produced by the Aktey company, located in St. Petersburg.
SA-7008U series "Perseus" is a multi-mode LED lamp with built-in optical and acoustic sensors.
Power consumption – 8 W, luminous flux – 800 lumens. Power consumption in standby mode is no more than 2 W. Three modes of operation in one product significantly expand the possibilities of application, while both the design and installation organization and the warehouse facilities of the manufacturer and customer continue to work with just one item.
Lighting stairwells, halls, corridors, lobbies and other premises with periodic stay of people in residential and public buildings. The SA-7008U “Perseus” multi-mode lamp with standby mode and complete shutdown mode is designed to operate in an alternating current network with a voltage of 220 volts.
CA-7008U series "Perseus" is designed for work on staircases, therefore the degree of protection is IP30. The anti-vandal housing can withstand very aggressive external influences. Each product is supplied with special anti-theft hardware and the required tools for on-site installation. Thanks to the polycarbonate body, the CA-7008U has electrical safety class II, which means it does not require a grounding line.
The high reliability of the SA-7008U leads to the fact that customers who started using lighting solutions of the Perseus series continue to use them on the next floor, in next door, in the next apartment building.
– Operating voltage - 160…250 V
– Mains frequency - 50 Hz
– Nomin. power consumption in active mode - 8 W
– Power consumption in standby mode - ≤2 W
– Nominal luminous flux - 800 lm
– Acoustic switching threshold - 52±5 dB (adjustable)
– Optical response threshold - 5±2 lux
– Illumination duration - 60…140 sec. (adjustable)
– Automatic restart of the light off timer
– Sensitivity adjustment - yes
– Adjustable lighting duration - yes
– Power factor - > 0.85
– Protection class electric shock- II
– To replace lamps of the NBB, NBO and SBO types in housing and communal services.
– The body of the LED lamp is made of impact-resistant polycarbonate.
– Adjustment of acoustic sensitivity.
– Adjustment of lighting duration.
– Original patented shockproof design.
– Special fastening screws that make unauthorized dismantling difficult.
– Network overvoltage protection.
– Soft start system.
– LEDs Nichia, Samsung.
– No flickering or stroboscopic effect.
– Electromagnetic interference suppression filter (EMI filter).
– No protective grounding required.
– Multi-mode with the ability to turn on standby mode (backlight).
Company Aktey develops and produces innovative electrical appliances for energy saving in housing and communal services (HCS), individual apartments, cottages and household plots.
The company's products allow you to save up to 95% of the electricity used to illuminate entrances, staircases, corridors and vestibules public places: modern light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, lamps with built-in optical-acoustic or infrared presence sensors, as well as built-in energy-saving sensors for the needs of serial manufacturers of lighting equipment.
Aktey company carries out custom (OEM, ODM) development, production or modernization of existing lighting equipment according to technical requirements customer. The products are characterized by ease of installation, ease of operation, reliability and low price.
High-quality lighting in entrances apartment buildings is the most important factor in the comfort of residents. In most cases, ordinary incandescent lamps are used as a light source. But this type of artificial lighting in Lately loses its relevance due to the fragility of use, significant consumption of energy resources, as well as a high degree of incandescence (up to 360°C), which can cause a fire. Today people are looking for alternative light sources.
First, let's study the basic lighting standards that apply to entrance premises.
According to the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPin, in force in Russia since August 15, 2010, Section five of the “Hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting and insolation" (clauses 5.4., 5.5 and 5.6) states that:
Moreover, in accordance with clause 7.62 of SNiP 23-05-95, every building with more than six storeys must be equipped with evacuation lighting. This ensures safe evacuation of people from the building in the event that the working lighting disappears.
According to clause 7.63, emergency lighting must illuminate stairs with at least 0.5 lux on the steps. In this case, it is important to observe the condition that the difference between the maximum and minimum illuminated areas does not exceed the ratio of 1:40.
Do not forget about the mandatory presence of emergency lighting on the street. Here the illumination level of the ground should be only 0.2 lux.
According to numerous observations, the light sources in hallways and other common areas in multi-story buildings are light bulbs with an average power of 60 W. Lamps are usually installed without shades, which is a gross violation of the requirements fire safety. In its turn fire danger Incandescent lamps are usually considered in 2 aspects:
The first aspect is due primarily to the fact that the temperature of the incandescent lamp bulb after one hour of burning reaches 360 ° C (provided that the light bulb power is up to 100 W). This is why dark, smoky circles form on the ceiling above the lamps.
The second factor is improper operation, when, in addition to using a light bulb without a diffuser, the permissible distance to combustible materials is not observed. This phenomenon is relevant for cramped apartment vestibules, which residents of apartment buildings use as improvised storage rooms.
Safety cannot be guaranteed by sufficient distance alone. A fire hazard can occur due to hot metal particles that are formed when a light bulb burns out. The falling particles can ignite even when falling from a 10-meter height.
Quite often you can find a violation when aluminum wires lengthen using copper wires with twists. This creates galvanic steam, which destroys the contact (electrochemical corrosion occurs and the contact resistance increases). All this can lead to a fire due to overheating of the wire connection.
The following main power supply systems are distinguished:
A diode is an electronic element that has to varying degrees conductivity depending on the direction of the current. In apartment buildings, it is used to reduce the effective voltage on incandescent lamps and, accordingly, reduce energy consumption and increase the life of the lamps.
Diodes installed in the lighting system in the entrances of apartment buildings lead to flickering of incandescent lamps, which in turn creates additional discomfort.
In this case, the voltage decreases from 220 to 156 V, but it is important to understand that an incandescent lamp is a nonlinear element, so its energy consumption will be reduced by only 42%. In this case, the luminous flux, which is the main parameter of the light source by which the level of illumination in the entrance is assessed, can decrease to only 27%.
This is how incandescent lamps lose their energy efficiency: if a conventional light bulb is characterized by a luminous flux of 800 lm and a power of 60 W (the luminous efficiency indicator is 13.3 lm/W), then as a result of connecting diodes, the luminous flux will be 216 lm and the power will be 34.8 W ( the luminous efficiency in this case is 6.2 lm/W).
In order to compensate for the reduced luminous flux, residents of apartment buildings install higher power bulbs (up to 200 W), which in turn provokes an increase in electricity consumption when the lighting in the entrances is turned on.
That is why it is recommended to install energy efficient sources Sveta. Today, the market offers a range of the following energy-efficient light sources (ELS), which are used as lighting in the entrances of residential buildings: fluorescent lamps (which include CLE), LED lamps and lamps.
Fluorescent lamps have one significant drawback - they contain mercury vapor, so it is necessary to follow the rules for their disposal, and there is also a switch-on delay (the light bulb, as a rule, reaches the rated luminous flux after a certain period of time). The service life of these devices for lighting in entrances is about 25 thousand hours, but in practice their service life is shorter due to the fact that tungsten electrodiodes often burn out. The switched-on light bulb heats up to sixty degrees, and in the case when it is used as part of closed lamps, heat generation leads to overheating of the electronics and premature failure of the lamp. These devices do not have a warranty period. Also, the human factor should not be overlooked: cases often arise when light bulbs are stolen by residents themselves in order to then use them for lighting own apartment.
LED lamps have one single, but significant drawback - this high price. But this price is justified due to economical energy consumption, even in comparison with CLE. But when you use this lamp in a standard lamp, the quality of light distribution on the illuminated surface may decrease, since it produces a narrow beam of light. So, it is advisable to install LED lamps in chandeliers.
If you are thinking about what to buy as a light source in the entrance - an LED lamp or a lamp, then it is better to give preference to the second option, since an LED lamp is subject to the same human factor and the possibility of electronics overheating (as is the case with CLE).
The modern market offers two types of LED lamps that can be used for lighting in entrances: those based on a driverless circuit, and those using a driver. The main job of the driver is to convert alternating current and high voltage primary circuit into constant stabilized current and low voltage, which are acceptable for powering LEDs. Thanks to reduced voltage secondary circuit ensures safety during electrical installation work lighting in entrances.
A characteristic feature of the circuit without the use of a driver is that the lamp uses 2070 LEDs low power(up to 0.3 W), which are connected in series to power them high voltage(more than 70 V). Reliability of all technical systems is inversely proportional to the number of elements used. Burnout of any LED can disable the lamp in the entrance. There is no protection system.
The absence of a driver causes incorrect power supply to the LEDs, which in turn reduces the lamp life from 50 to 30 thousand hours. Another significant drawback of such a lamp is the high pulsation coefficient.
Today, a wide variety of automatic systems lighting in entrances. Each entrance has its own lighting scheme, based on the location of the entrance, the number of floors of the building, the integrity of the homeowners and many other factors. Below we will take a closer look at the most common and successful options:
Option 1. Automatic lighting in entrances, controlled using push-button posts.
This method of controlling lighting in hallways is especially suitable for low-rise buildings where conscious citizens live, since this method makes it possible to save money. But how this will happen depends only on the residents of the entrance.
Its main advantage is its simplicity and cost, which is much more profitable than other options.
Thus, there are various ways to control lighting in the entrance:
As a rule, push-button posts can be replaced with “pass-through” switch circuits. Electrical diagram in this case it will look much more complicated, but may save money. But such lighting is not suitable for everyone.
Option 2. Use of light sensors in entrances.
In the case where the entrance is well lit due to natural insolation, light sensors should be used. Of course, this option does not provide significant savings, however, it can be used as an alternative to the switch.
In order to this method to implement, simply install and configure one light sensor, which should be mounted in the darkest place of the entrance.
This device is activated in the dark, provides an impulse to turn on the light using a starter or through its own contacts. In this case, the lighting can work not only in the entrance, but also outside.
Light sensors are usually powered through a regular switch.
Option 3. Use of lighting motion sensors in entrances.
Automatic lighting in entrances is gradually becoming more popular. This option provides significant savings without requiring any action on the part of residents. The main factor in this matter is competent organization taking into account the characteristics of the entrance.
In order to ensure the normal functioning of this circuit, it is necessary to install a sensor on each floor. Sometimes such a device is also installed at the entrance to the entrance. When a person enters the entrance, the sensor located at the entrance is automatically triggered. After which the lighting on the stairs and the 1st floor is turned on. If an elevator is installed in the apartment building, then an impulse is also given to illuminate the passage to the elevator. If necessary, the staircase is also illuminated.
After the sensor is triggered, the countdown begins until the lighting in the entrance turns off. This time period is quite enough to slowly climb to the second floor.
In the case where there is no elevator in the house, a person goes up the stairs and finds himself in the range of sensors located on the second floor. This device is triggered and gives an impulse to turn on the lighting on the stairs and in the corridor of the 2nd floor. So, even after some time, the light on the stairs will not go out.
By the same analogy, lighting is turned on on other floors in the entrances of the apartment building.
In the case where elevator equipment is installed at the entrance, create it yourself optimal scheme lighting in the entrance will be somewhat more difficult. This is only possible thanks to integration with elevator equipment. It is desirable that when the elevator call button is pressed, an impulse is given to turn on the lighting system. But this option is quite difficult to implement. It is much easier to connect lighting to a limit switch so that the elevator doors open automatically. However, this requires hiring specialists.
That is why the most often used scheme is to turn on the lighting in the entrance using a motion sensor when a person leaves the elevator.
Option 4. Combined lighting schemes for entrances.
As a rule, they are used to illuminate entrances and basements. combined method. At the same time, the choice of lighting scheme in entrances is influenced primarily by the assigned tasks and the type of room. Some lighting methods can be called universal, which are suitable for many rooms.
For example, a light sensor is the main option. When the light level drops, the device reacts and gives an impulse that turns on the main starter, which in turn powers the motion sensors and activates the lighting of the corridors, elevator, as well as insolation outside the house and evacuation lighting. The main lighting of entrances is provided by motion sensors, and in other rooms - by means of ordinary or walk-through switches.
Expert opinion
V.D. Shcherban,
Chairman of the HOA “Moskovskaya 117” (Kaluga)
In 2008, an electric meter was installed that takes into account the consumption of the entire volume of electricity spent on equipment located in public areas - from lighting of entrances, equipment of communication providers to automatic gates. Alternative options for MOP did not yet exist at that time. The equipment of communication providers was installed in the apartment building, and an agreement was concluded with them, according to which they had to pay for the electricity consumed. Motion sensors were installed in the entrances, and conventional incandescent lamps were replaced with energy-saving ones. Thus, there was a serious saving in costs for lighting of public areas - about 150 kW/h per month.
General house needs mean a whole range of services - from lighting in entrances and elevator operation to wet cleaning of premises and flushing of engineering systems.
Previously, electricity consumption for general household needs was indicated in the receipt as a separate item and was called “ONE”, but in January 2017 this column was removed from the bills.
Today, there are 2 options for calculating payment for electricity consumption on one-stage power supply:
In the case when a common building meter is installed in an apartment building, the general building needs are determined by Energonadzor employees and representatives of the building, who were elected during a general meeting of residents. Then calculate the difference between the values of the common building meter and the values of the metering devices of each apartment multi-story building. The calculation also takes into account residential square meters that are not equipped with sensors.
The resulting indicator is distributed among all apartment owners according to the occupied area. Consequently, the larger the total area of the apartment, the more expensive the electricity supply unit costs the owner.
Pay attention to the formula by which the size of one electricity supply is calculated in the case when a meter is installed in a multi-storey building:
Electricity according to ODN = (Electricity meter indicators - Cumulative amount of electricity consumed in non-residential premises, which are not common property - The total amount of resource in each residential apartment where electricity meters are installed - The volume of electricity consumed in apartments where meters are not installed) × Total area apartments × The total area of all apartments in a high-rise building.
If a multi-storey building does not have a common building electricity meter installed, then in this case the standard set by the regional administration is taken as the unit of payment. You can view this indicator on the region’s official website. The standard is a limit value, but in the case where residents' expenses exceed the established value, they may decide to pay a larger amount if they wish. Of course, this doesn't happen in real life.
Formula for calculating ODN for electricity for multi-storey buildings, in which a common house meter is not installed, looks like this:
Volume of one unit = Electricity consumption standard established by the administration × Area of premises included in the common property × Total area of the apartment / Area of all apartments in a high-rise building.
Expert opinion
Olesya Leshchenko,
Executive Director of the Association of Management Organizations "Comfortable Home"
Lyubov Chesnokova,
editor-in-chief of the magazine "Management of Apartment Buildings"
There are 5 steps for calculating payment for one owner:
According to the Ministry of Construction, it is advisable to divide the fee among the owners of apartments in an apartment building in accordance with the area they occupy.
Initially, you can include payment for utilities for general house needs without a decision of the meeting of residents of the house (according to Part 10 of Article 12 of the Federal Law of June 29, 2015 No. 176-FZ).
Then you should carefully check that the list of services provided by the company and provides in an apartment building corresponds to the minimum list of works and services approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. The consumption standards for each utility resource on the ODN are presented:
If the number of works and services provided in accordance with the MKD management agreement exceeds this minimum list, then it is necessary to organize a meeting of apartment owners in the MKD to discuss an increase in the amount of payment utilities due to exceeding the consumption standards of certain utility resources at ODN.
When there is no lighting in the entrance, you can try to independently determine the cause of the breakdown.
There may be no lighting in the entrance due to:
After you independently identify the cause of the problem or discover that there is no lamp in the entrance, replace it, or contact the HOA or management company.
Option 1. Independent replacement of lighting in the entrance.
You can replace a lamp or ceiling lamp in a stairwell yourself, but any other problem must be resolved only with the help of specialists.
To eliminate any such problem in the distribution panel, be sure to turn off the power supply.
Often, there may be no lighting in the entrance simply because the light bulb has burned out, or due to power surges. Also, in order to understand why there is no power supply, you should find out whether there is light in other entrances of your house and nearby buildings.
If you hear a crackling sound or smell a burning smell in the area of the switch or wiring, then you should urgently contact the electrical service.
In order to provide timely lighting in the entrance, on the flight of stairs, in the elevator, in the attic, technical floors and other common areas, residents should collectively resolve the problem. Neighbors can take turns changing the light bulbs in the entrance. This way you can save time, however, it is not a fact that all residents will conscientiously fulfill this obligation.
Option 2. Replacement of lighting in the entrance of the HOA or management company.
Sometimes to decide this problem, residents of an apartment building write a corresponding application to the HOA or management company. The HOA is more efficient, since this partnership controls only one or a few houses, unlike management companies, which service dozens of apartment buildings, and sometimes you have to wait quite a long time for a replacement light bulb.
In both cases, the costs incurred in connection with the data technical work, paid by residents. The electricity bill also includes intercom operation, pumping stations and other electrical appliances that are common property. In cases where tenants live in some apartments, this service is paid minus the amount of money that was charged to the landlords.
Thus, if residents have a problem with lighting in the entrance due to the fact that a light bulb has burned out, then they have every right demand a replacement from your management company, because if in the dark one of the owners gets injured in the entrance, then the blame will lie entirely with the management company.
In the event that the HOA or management authority refuse to fulfill their direct responsibilities or ignore the statements of the residents, then you should contact them with a collective complaint and try again to resolve this issue with lighting in the entrance. In the event that the repeated appeal remains unanswered, the owners have the right to take more stringent measures against the HOA or management company. In order to resolve the current situation, they need to file a complaint with local authorities. And if the issue cannot be resolved peacefully, then you can go to court and demand compensation for moral damage from the management company.
In accordance with the letter of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated June 18, 2007, the rules for maintaining common areas in apartment buildings mean maintenance and repair work of electric networks of apartment buildings, as well as lamps. This mainly means performing work aimed at creating favorable conditions for supplying electricity to the MOP.
In accordance with Appendix No. 4 of the “List of Works on the Maintenance of MKD”, the list of these works aimed at the maintenance of MKD is presented by eliminating any minor malfunction of electrical appliances (from wiping light bulbs, changing burnt-out lamps in common areas to replacing and repairing sockets and switches and small electrical wiring repairs, etc.).
In Appendix No. 1 to the resolution of the State Construction Committee Russian Federation No. 170 talks about carrying out a scheduled and partial inspection by the management company, as well as the subsequent replacement of burnt-out light bulbs (with starters) with the regularity that is pre-determined in the apartment management agreement.
In addition, Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 170 provides for the fact that residents of apartment buildings have the right to submit an appropriate application for the elimination of a particular malfunction of engineering equipment and structures. Applications are subject to consideration on the same day when they are received by the Administrative Office, and no later than the next day, the problem with lighting in the entrance must be eliminated. In a situation where the elimination of a particular malfunction requires a long time or the replacement of a spare part that is not currently available, the residents of the apartment building must certainly be notified about the circumstances that have arisen. The same scheme should be used to process requests received by telephone or dispatch communication system.
Each management company is obliged to keep records of accepted applications to eliminate problems with lighting in the entrance, as well as malfunctions of engineering and technical equipment in residential premises and other elements of apartment buildings and ensure strict quality control and deadlines for fulfilling these obligations of the management company.
According to Appendix No. 2 to the Decree of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 170 on the maximum time frame for troubleshooting in the event of unscheduled repair work on individual elements of the MKD and their engineering and technical equipment, troubleshooting the lighting system at the entrance (implying the replacement of an electric lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a switch and a structural element of the lamp ) must be carried out within 7 days after receipt of the corresponding application from the residents of the apartment building to the MA.
The management company is responsible for the maintenance of the MNP, including the obligation to monitor the serviceability of lighting in the entrances of the MKD. Therefore, the management company must replace burnt out lamps if necessary. It is important to understand that lighting faults in the entrances should be identified and eliminated both as a result of a scheduled inspection carried out by the management authority (according to the schedule for carrying out these works approved by the Criminal Code), and on the basis of an application received from the residents of the apartment building to eliminate the damage.
If the management company does not eliminate the malfunctions in the lighting system at the entrance (including not replacing a burnt-out light bulb), which were identified as a result of a routine inspection or on the basis of an application received from apartment building residents, after 7 days after the corresponding application was received by the management company, this is a violation for which the management company can be brought to justice administrative responsibility.
According to Article 7.22 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses for violation established rules Responsibility is provided for the maintenance and repair of apartment buildings. In case of violation of the rules for the maintenance and repair of apartment buildings, officials responsible for the maintenance of apartment buildings are subject to an administrative fine in the amount of 4 to 5 thousand rubles, and for legal entities - from forty to fifty thousand rubles.
The State Housing Inspectorate (SHI) is authorized to monitor the rights and interests of apartment building residents and the state in the process of providing housing and utility services to citizens. GZHI specialists and city administration employees draw up appropriate protocols in case of detection of administrative violations under Article 7.22 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
Finding yourself late in the evening in a dark courtyard or entrance to your home, you feel, to put it mildly, uncomfortable. Immediately two thoughts flash through my head: “I wish I could run home as quickly as possible” and “Who is generally responsible for lighting the apartment building and the yard?” The answers to the second question can be found in this article.
Every apartment owner needs to know that in addition to residential square meters he also owns, by right of shared ownership, part of the local area and all non-residential property located on it (children's playgrounds, parking lots, lawns, as well as barriers, lamps, landings, electrical panels, elevator shafts).
The owner is responsible for maintaining the common property in order. This responsibility is expressed in the form of a monthly payment specified in the receipt. The amount of electricity spent on lighting the local area and entrance is recorded on the common house electricity meter.
At the entrance of each house, common areas of the house (corridors, vestibules, attics, staircases, basements) must be illuminated. The method and scale of lighting depends on the type and size of the building itself.
Regulatory documents stipulate some lighting characteristics:
Each main entrance to the entrance is illuminated with a lamp from 6 to 11 lux. They should be the same in the basement and attic.
The illumination of corridors should not be lower than 20 lux. In corridors whose length is less than 10 m, one lamp is installed in the center. If the length of the corridor is more than 10 m - two or more lamps.
The light switch in common areas must be located in a place accessible to every resident.
To reduce street lighting costs they use modern sources light: gas-discharge, LED and fluorescent light bulbs. In some yards, special motion sensors are installed to save energy.
Preference in choosing a light source for the entrance is given to energy-saving lamps. In an hour uninterrupted operation they produce up to 12 watts. For comparison, over the same period of time, a fast incandescent lamp consumes an average of 50 W.
The only disadvantage of using energy-saving lamps in entrances is the likelihood that they can be damaged or unscrewed.
Illuminated local area necessary to create comfortable living, safety of the population and prevent cases of theft and hooliganism.
Everything is clear with the common property in the house. But with the land adjacent to the building, some nuances arise.
First, you need to figure out whether the land on which the house stands is legalized, what its boundaries are and whether it has been assigned a cadastral number. To do this, any homeowner can apply for a request to the cadastral chamber.
If the land is not registered, it is still the property of local self-government bodies. This means that they are responsible for it and all the costs of its maintenance.
There is also an option in which the developer is still the tenant of the site. In such a situation, the developer himself must resolve issues regarding the maintenance of the site.
And yet, in the case when the land is registered in the cadastral chamber, has boundaries, and land surveying has been done, it can be considered the property of the owners of apartments in the building to which it belongs.
To figure out who should be responsible for the street lighting of the local area and inside the entrances, you need to find out who is responsible for organizing the proper condition of all common property.
Ways to control the house:
The method of managing the house is determined at a general meeting of residents. The decision may be made or changed at any time.
In the first case, the owners independently enter into contracts with organizations involved in the maintenance of houses and the provision of utilities.
In the second and third cases, the responsibility for maintaining the common property of the house lies on the shoulders of the relevant authorities.
Now, when it’s dark in your yard or entrance, you know who will help solve the problem. And yet, it is again impossible to do without the personal initiative of the residents themselves. If the lighting in or near the entrance goes missing, any of the residents can draw up a report in any form. This document must also contain the signatures of your neighbors. For more reliable confirmation of information, you can take photographs.
The entire collected package must end up in the hands of the board of the HOA, management company or organization that provides lighting services for common property. It is better to draw up the act itself in two copies. Ask for a receipt stamp on one of them and take this copy with you. After that, all you have to do is wait for the light to come on.
If you ask the question at whose expense the repair of public lighting in the building is paid, it becomes clear that it is at the expense of the residents. By paying for general house maintenance, they also contribute amounts calculated for diagnostics and troubleshooting.
Not everyone has forgotten the good old Soviet time, when the common property belonged not to the apartment owners, but to the state. And today you have to sit in the dark until the light of truth indicates that you need to replace the light bulb or fix the lantern.
When questions arise in the housing and communal services sector, it is so important to find reliable answers. You can do this on our website!
It’s scary to be in the entrance of a multi-storey building in the evening. To protect residents and visitors, the residential building is illuminated. It must be done as efficiently and economically as possible. It is desirable that such lighting operates automatically and does not require user intervention. It should also be easy to set up and maintain. Tips on how to achieve this are given in this article.
If a multi-storey building is owned by a certain service that maintains it, then you can’t just go and install the lighting that you like the most. There are certain standards that regulate and standardize lighting in the entrance of an apartment building. They cannot be neglected. According to GOST standards, the lighting requirements for different rooms differ. This depends on the area as well as the source used. Annex I of BSN 59/88 makes a distinction between lighting from filament lamps and fluorescent lamps. IN modern practice They are trying to increasingly use LED emitters, as well as economy lamps, which are a smaller version of fluorescent ones.
According to the standards, the illumination level for staircases should be 10 lm/m2 for fluorescent lamps. For incandescent lamps this threshold is reduced, since they consume more electricity and is 5 lm/m2. Entrances with elevators need more lighting. This is due to increased security requirements. Coming out of the elevator, where the lighting fixtures are lower, there is a certain difference and it can be difficult to see the person in the entrance. Therefore, the lighting device must partially cover the entrance area and exit from the elevator. Its installation is carried out offset to the elevator door, and not as in a regular entrance. At the same time, the normal figure for incandescent lamps is 7 lm/m2, and for housekeepers - 20 lm/m2.
Note! Additional rooms in the entrance, for example, for storing strollers, should also be well lit. Moreover, the norm for them is 20 lm/m2 for incandescent lamps, and almost twice as much for energy-efficient lamps. The lamps are located on the ceiling, not on the wall.
Some homes still use elevators that require the door to be opened manually. Most often, the shaft in them is fenced with a net and runs inside the flights of stairs. Such a mine should also have lighting. Typically, incandescent lamps are installed and the standard is taken to be the same as for an entrance without an elevator. In accordance with hygienic standards, lighting fixtures must be in basements, in attics, in waste collection compartments and separate switchboard rooms. For the first two, lamps are installed only in passages and for lighting communications. LED or incandescent lamps are used as emitters.
Note! A separate document of construction norms SNiP 2/4-79 has been developed. It determines not only the level of light flux, but also its temperature. It may also differ for each room.
Changes and improvements in the technical component of lighting are happening quite quickly. Regulatory acts cannot be changed so quickly, so they may not always provide specific guidance regarding the installation of equipment in entryways. Therefore they can provide general rules. For example, according to the building code instructions for any lighting system, even if it turns on and off automatically, there must be an additional way to force it to turn off the power. Such a device may be necessary during rescue or repair operations.
The automation system for lighting in the entrances of residential buildings must operate without failures and turn on devices simultaneously in all rooms that are related to the entrance. This should happen without any time delays. In some cases, an additional module in the form of a photo relay or time sensor is used for this. An integral part is emergency lighting. It should turn on simultaneously with the entire system, but if the sensors fail, it should be possible to start it in emergency mode from a manual switch.
Note! The light switch in basements and attics must be placed outside. That is, the light must be turned on before a person enters the basement or attic. If there are several inputs, you will need to install pass-through switches with a phase wire break.
Automation of lighting systems in entrances and local areas of an apartment building brings with it a large number of advantages. One of the main ones is saving electrical energy and no additional operator costs. There isn't one standard scheme for installation in every home. Each lighting system is unique and requires a special approach. But each uses the same modules and components, so it makes sense to consider the principles that can be easily followed later.
In the case of using such a lighting automation system, responsibility for the entire process falls not only on the units and modules, but also on the inhabitants of the entrance themselves. It is they or someone responsible who will have to monitor this process and turn on the lighting. This method is chosen by households with five or fewer floors, because in other cases it becomes problematic to monitor switching on and off.
The essence of the method is that everyone who enters the entrance must turn on the light with a separate switch. After he gets to his apartment, another switch turns off the lights. For proper load distribution, this option can be built on starters. In another case, when you press the starter, the lamps that are located on the flights of stairs turn on. And the path from the flight to the apartment is turned on separately when the user reaches the required floor. In this case, the consumption of electrical energy is reduced, so the payment will also be lower.
Advice! Starters are quite expensive, as is their maintenance. Therefore, some companies offer to implement the project using pass-through switches. In this case, installation costs will be slightly higher, but subsequent maintenance costs will be lower.
Lighting fixtures in basements and attics should not depend on how the lights in the entrance or on the floors are turned on. Therefore, separate switches are installed for these rooms, as described above. The area near the house must be constantly illuminated, so the overall system can be supplemented with a photo relay that will respond to the position of the sun. The disadvantage of the push-button system is that not everyone is ready to control it responsibly and the light can stay on for hours. To prevent this from happening, temporary shutdown timers are provided, for example, after 5 minutes of illumination.
An option for an entrance lighting system using a photo relay is quite effective. It eliminates the need to constantly press keys and monitor the lights to turn off. At correct setting savings in electrical consumption by lighting are also at good level. There are two options for installing a sensor for such a lighting system. The photo relay can be mounted directly in the entrance. However, you should not choose a place near the window. The fact is that after dusk it will be darker in the entrance than on the street and the sensor may not work, although the lighting in the entrance should already be turned on.
Another way to turn on the lighting is to install a sensor on the street. At the same time, it can also power house lighting. The position of the photo relay must be chosen in such a way that light from car headlights does not fall on it. You should not place it so that it is difficult to get to it, because periodically it must be cleaned of dust and snow in winter time. Photo relays are often not designed for the load that can be exerted by lighting in the entrance and on the street. Therefore, it is advisable to install a starter after it. It is he who will take on the role of the switch, and the photo relay will simply give him the necessary signal.
Note! With this lighting switching scheme, it is worth remembering that basement and attic spaces must be illuminated from separate switches.
Motion sensors are an excellent solution that is increasingly used to control lighting in entrances. Better to use combined options. They simultaneously monitor the level of natural light in the entrances and operate only in the dark. With such devices, control over turning the lighting on and off is not required at all. Everything will happen automatically and floor by floor, when a person climbs the flights. In this case, you will need to install one module on each functional area. For example, near front door and on every floor. Lighting devices need to be designed so that at the entrance, lamps are lit that will illuminate part of the landing and a corridor to the elevator.
Note! It is better to install motion sensors for lighting that have sensitivity adjustment. They will not react to dogs, cats and other animals, which also leads to savings in lighting use.
The motion sensor has a built-in timer that will automatically turn off the lighting after a specified period, usually also regulated by a separate trim resistor. Some schemes provide such an option that if a person walks along the flights, then when he rises to the second floor, the circuit is closed and the lighting on the floor below does not turn off until he enters the apartment. This makes it possible to increase security. In the case where an elevator is installed in the entrance of a multi-storey building, it is possible to ensure the interaction of lighting on the floors not only with motion sensors, but also with buttons or door limit switches. The fact is that while a person exits the elevator, there may be a slight delay before the sensor is triggered, but when interacting with the limit switch, everything happens quickly.
If residents of a housing complex want to achieve maximum savings when using lighting, then a combined scheme is implemented. It requires a more meticulous approach in planning and during installation. You should not trust such a task to an unreliable contractor or a fly-by-night company. An individual approach will be required not only to the entrance and floors, but also to the area near the house. The diagram below shows an example of one such system.
The essence of the functioning of such a lighting system is based on a photo relay. It is installed outdoors in the darkest place near the house. As soon as the level of natural light drops, the sensor is triggered and sends a command to the magnetic starter. It takes over the switching of two lighting systems. One of them is a street one, which works immediately upon a signal. The second involves powering motion sensors, which will turn on the lighting inside the entrance. The emergency lighting also turns on automatically. Utility rooms, attics and basements can be turned on manually as needed. A video of this lighting can be seen below.
As you can see, the implementation of such systems in the entrances of residential buildings requires a special approach. Don't just limit yourself to regulations that were adopted many years ago. Combining several modules provides enviable savings compared to using only one solution. Stop your choice on LED lamps. Most often they are sold with a warranty and also have a long service life. Moreover, their consumption is several times less than that of an ordinary housekeeper.
None of the regulatory legal acts of Russia contains a definition of “domestic territory”.
In accordance with the Housing Code, all costs for maintaining the common property of the house are divided between the owners in proportion to the area of their apartments, and since the adjacent territory belongs to joint property, then payment for street light falls on the shoulders of the owners. Costs for street lighting are calculated using a common building meter and are included monthly in the residents' receipts.
Reference! If it is not documented that the territory around the house belongs to common property, the inclusion of such a line of expenses in the payment receipts is unlawful and can serve as the beginning of legal proceedings.
Returning home in the dark is much more pleasant and safer in the illuminated courtyard than getting to your own apartment in the dark, flinching at every rustle. The lack of light in the yard is a reason to contact the management company or administration.
