Houses with more than one floor cannot do without such a structure as an interfloor staircase. Many specialized organizations offer services for their production and installation, which are not cheap. Do wooden stairs Do-it-yourself on the second floor will be much more practical and cheaper.
Wooden stairs to the second floor can be marching or spiral. To build a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, marching ones are considered the easiest. They may have one or more spans depending on the specifics of the building and general plan. To calculate all parameters, you can use generally accepted rules. In our article “” you can understand in more detail the issue of creating a staircase with several flights.
Important! Using steps whose tread width is less than the width of your foot is not only inconvenient, but also unsafe!
To make stairs with your own hands, you select planed wood that does not have thorns, deformations, or surface irregularities. Before starting work, the wood is dried. To give it a deeper color, the surface is treated with stain. After this, several layers of waterproof varnish are applied to the wood.
High-quality wood for stairs must be first grade and have a moisture content of no more than 10%. It is not recommended to use material with a moisture content of more than 10% for the manufacture of stairs. When drying, the wood will be subject to deformation and the stairs will begin to creak. To make a staircase with your own hands, they use both budget varieties of wood (pine, birch, ash) and more expensive elite ones (oak, cedar, maple).
Characteristics of some types of wood:
This method is considered a reference method, since the installation procedure, regardless of the number of spans, is the same. The kit includes stringers, railings, treads, and risers. Treads and risers are the horizontal and vertical parts of steps, respectively. The stringer is the main load-bearing part in which special grooves are cut for mounting steps.
To install stringers at the top of a flight of stairs on the floor beam, you need to make cuts for installation. As an option, instead of cuts, metal stops are used, which are secured to the vertical floor with anchor bolts.
A support beam is installed in the floor of the lower floor along the line of the lower step and secured with anchor bolts.
Installing the steps is not difficult. It is necessary to apply a layer of glue to the cutouts in the stringers and attach risers. Then the risers need to be aligned along the edges and secured with screws. Treads are laid on top of them. Take the time to use thin polymer spacers in the form of a tape. This simple secret will help to avoid friction of one wooden part against another, thus preventing unpleasant squeaking during operation. The steps are fixed on risers and stringers.
Advice! To make it more convenient to work, the installation of steps must begin from the bottom of the flight.
When installing balusters with your own hands, you must maintain one level. To do this, install the upper and lower balusters, tighten the thread and set all the others according to its level. Balusters are fastened with screws or self-tapping screws, which are subsequently closed with plugs or covered with special grout. Handrails are mounted on balusters and secured to them. At the same time, handrails can be made from any material, not just wood.
The assembled staircase is sanded again, paying attention Special attention butt joints and ends. After sanding, the staircase is covered with varnish, paint, wax solution or other protective equipment. Each new layer is applied 2-3 times after the previous one has dried. Before painting the wood, you can use stain to give it some unique shade.
Spiral staircases are more beautiful, but their manufacture and installation are more complicated than marching ones. As a rule, screw structures are installed in places with limited space, where it is simply impossible to install a flight of stairs.
When calculating the heights and number of steps, it is necessary to take into account that there must always be a clearance of at least 200 mm above the head and when designing, the height of the people living in the house must be taken into account. To avoid discomfort, the vertical distance between the rows of steps should be about 2 meters. The width of the staircase is about 0.8 meters. Regardless of the type of stairs, this optimal sizes, which provide convenient movement.
The most convenient tread depth at the support is 15 cm, at the end of the step at least 35 cm. The average riser height is about 20 cm (if any). It is often recommended to avoid risers on spiral staircases. This has a number of significant advantages:
Wooden stairs to the second floor are equipped with laminated wood railings. They easily take the shape of a spiral staircase if they are thoroughly soaked in hot water, hold in the form they should have and let dry.
Bending wood and then fixing it is a rather troublesome process and requires certain skills.
Making bent railings:
Processing bent railings:
The normal height of the railing is considered to be about 1 meter. They are attached to balusters, the height of which is selected individually for each specific project. Not every craftsman has access to a woodworking machine, so if you want to have turned balusters, you can simply go to the nearest hardware store. They are inexpensive.
With all this, we must remember that spiral staircases to the second floor have limited functionality, since it is almost impossible to transport furniture and large materials along them. It cannot be used by 2 people going to the same place at the same time. different directions. But in any case, a staircase made by yourself is a kind of achievement and pride.
In a house with several floors, you cannot do without a staircase. And in order to save money, many home craftsmen decide to build a staircase to the second floor with their own hands.
And, despite the apparent complexity, this procedure is very feasible. All you need is to be patient and follow the recommendations presented in this article.
Before placing the staircase on the second floor, you should decide on its design and calculate the dimensions, and accordingly, the materials.
Today, several types are distinguished, but the following are most suitable for communicating floors in private houses:
Advice! If a preliminary calculation shows that the number of steps in a flight exceeds 15, then the span should be divided by a small platform equal to the width of two steps. Otherwise the climb will be tiring.
Advice! If there are small children in the house, then the distance between the balusters should be reduced to 10 cm so that the child cannot squeeze between them.
Advice! If small children or elderly people live in the house, then this design is not the best option, since the location of the steps in in this case is inconvenient.
Features of this type:
Advice! Such stairs can be placed in an opening with a diameter of 1 m. But the smaller such an opening is, the steeper the staircase structure will be. Therefore, do not expect any convenience from narrow and compact screw structures.
It is similar to a marching one, only the fastening here is carried out using bolts (from the German “bolt”). The flights of such stairs can be either straight or curved. These are elegant and seemingly weightless structures that are quite easy to install, but require certain skills and high-strength materials.
Advice! Such a structure must necessarily adjoin one of its edges to the wall, to which the steps are fastened using bolts.
The most acceptable of the above options is the very first one, since it is the simplest to set up, reliable and easy to use.
The construction of a staircase to the second floor must be based on accurate calculations, otherwise you will not succeed in this matter.
The instructions are very simple:
Now let's move on to how to properly build a staircase to the second floor:
In the video presented in this article you will find Additional information on this topic.
The shape and structure depend on the decoration inside, the height of the ceilings, and the area of the room. One flight is called a march, and it is customary to classify all stairs by their number. For private two-story house the most common are one- or two-flight ascents.
The screw model, or spiral, has a special charm; it looks especially good in houses made in empire style, rococo, modern. Its openwork railings evoke associations with a fairytale castle. However, in real life it's not particularly convenient. Spirals were created for small rooms where it was not possible to install a wide passage. May be unsafe for small children and elderly people. In its center there is a support - wooden or metal pipe, to which the narrow edge is attached.
To ensure safe climbing, the width of the central part must be at least 25 cm, and the main wide part must be no more than 40 cm. smaller size the opening in which it is installed, the steeper the steps for it will be. IN modern houses screw models are used infrequently; they can play an auxiliary role for climbing to the roof or descending to the basement. You can also use a spiral design if you need an unusual output. They can also be used as main ones in homes to create a special atmosphere.
Classic staircases with any features (straight, rectangular, turning) are used in homes much more often. They have many design ideas, are much safer and fit any design. The marching structure was created for spacious rooms, and in order to calculate it and calculate the dimensions and dimensions, you need to know the height of the ceiling and the length of the floor section. The ideal angle is 45 degrees.
The correct design should take into account the biomechanics of movement; ideally, it should have at least 3 and no more than 15 steps (on average 10-11, if the size allows it). If their number is greater, platforms are made between them, equal in size to the size of the march. The height may vary depending on the type of room in which it is installed.
The marching type can be with or without risers (open and closed types). With them they all look more massive and solid, they are suitable for spacious rooms. Models without risers look more modern; their main advantage is that they do not visually burden the space and can be used even in. Open - fits perfectly into any modern design.
Marching models can be:
The type with a turn takes up less space than the straight one; as a rule, it is installed near the walls. It is convenient to place a closet or pantry.
A separate category can be identified as bolts - special fastenings installed along the wall. The steps of this model are held on by bolts attached to the wall itself. This The best decision for modern housing. The advantages of such solutions are that they look very light and weightless, allowing light to penetrate into all corners of the room. This staircase is best suited for, loft, constructivism. She will also become a real find for small rooms, because the width can be the smallest.
Advice! If the ramp has narrow steps, it is necessary to equip it with guardrails. With wide and safe passages, you can do without railings at all, which will make the environment even more airy.
Master of Architecture, graduated from Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 11 years of experience in design and construction.
Two-story houses or cottages must be equipped with reliable stairs. Wood is most often chosen as the material for making these structures. Wooden stairs to the second floor can be purchased ready-made or made independently. By choosing the second option, you will reduce your material costs and do exactly what you really need
To build a staircase structure, you must be able to use the tool and know the rules for constructing sketches and drawings. This will allow:
It is best to use wood to make stairs. This building material is environmentally friendly, practical, and easy to work with, which is especially important for novice craftsmen. By using special tool you can make a staircase of a shape that would ideally suit your interior:
The following popular types of wooden staircase designs are distinguished:
For a private house or country house, both a marching and a spiral staircase are suitable. However, one should not forget that spiral structures require very precise installation, as well as special elements (for example, rounded railings). To make them, you need to master professional installation technology.
This is especially true for more complex staircase structures, which initial stage can only be used as a model for inspiration, not imitation. Don't rely on ready-made diagrams, since they do not take into account all the features of your situation.
As for the flight stairs, it is much easier to make and install them with your own hands. They come in various configurations:
When placing a staircase to the 2nd floor with more than 10 steps, it is recommended to divide it with a turning platform, after which it can go up along the wall at an angle of 90 or 180 degrees.
The choice of one model or another depends on your taste and the layout of the house.
Before you make a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself, you need to decide on the choice of building material. The most popular wood species are pine and larch. By operational characteristics products made from larch are better, as they are less susceptible to rotting.
Larch is not afraid of moisture; moreover, when liquid is absorbed, the structure becomes stronger. This is quite a significant advantage, since there will always be some humidity in the house. The following types of wood are also suitable for building stairs: oak, cedar, beech and other types of wood, but in terms of cost this is not the cheapest pleasure.
The service life of wood largely depends on how the lumber is dried. The maximum moisture content of wood should be no more than 12%.
Well-dried boards are more expensive, but this is more than compensated for by the durability of the stairs.
If the lumber is wet enough, you will have to dry the wood yourself. To do this, place it in a well-ventilated room with constant temperature conditions for a period of at least 3 months.
Standard staircase width – from 90 to 150 cm. But when calculating this indicator, the following points should be taken into account:
A comfortable range of staircase widths for a private home is 1100-1300 mm. Less – difficulties when carrying furniture; more – excess space taken up. To calculate this indicator, you will need to take the dimensions of the steps and count their number. Experience shows that when making a drawing yourself on paper, mistakes are made. As a result, the staircase in reality becomes longer than in the picture. Exit from similar situation can be done as follows: include several winder steps in the staircase structure.
When determining the overall height, inexperienced craftsmen often make mistakes. They only take into account the distance from the subfloor to the ceiling of the room on the top floor. This is not entirely correct. When drawing up the drawing, you need to take into account the finishing level of the 1st floor and the thickness of the floor on the upper floor along with the finishing.
It is important to leave enough space between the steps and the ceiling of the upper floor. As a rule, it is equal to the height of the tallest person and is approximately 190 - 200 cm.
To build a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands, it is recommended to maintain a slope staircase design 40-45 degrees. If you exceed this figure, then it will be difficult for elderly people and small children to climb it.
The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is in the range of 30 – 37° When choosing a flat design, consumption increases building materials and the usable area of the room is reduced. Therefore, when calculating this indicator, you should proceed from the available space.
Their constituent elements are the tread and riser. When determining the tread size, you need to focus on foot size 45. Therefore, the optimal width of the steps is considered to be 30 cm.
The size of the riser, depending on the slope of the stairs, ranges from 15 to 20 cm.
When constructing drawings, it is important to consider the following:
For your convenience, you can make all calculations using a convenient one. As a result, you will receive ready-made drawings and specifications of materials.
Wooden installation interfloor stairs begins with the manufacture of stringers (or bowstrings), treads and risers.
Layout of a staircase along the wall with dimensions indicated The treads are cut from the board according to a previously prepared template. Their standard thickness varies from 30 to 40 cm. If you do more, it will be an unjustified consumption of materials and make the structure heavier. Risers perform a decorative function in a building. Therefore, you can save on them by using a 10-15 mm board.
Stringers are made from a solid board that is free of any defects. Both stringers must be identical so that the staircase does not turn out asymmetrical and skewed.
Marking the stringer 
Assembling a bowstring with stiffeners Installation of stringers begins with making cuts on the floor beam located at the top of the flight of stairs. Sometimes the cuts are replaced with metal stops, which should be attached to the vertical floor with anchors. Regardless of which method you choose, the stringers must be firmly fixed to the ceiling.
On the lower floor, along the line of the very first step, a support beam is installed in the floor. Anchors are used as fasteners.
Attaching the stringer to the floor Installing the steps will not be difficult. The cutouts of the stringers are coated with glue and risers are attached to them, which then need to be leveled and secured with screws.
Attaching risers to stringers Treads are laid on top and fixed to the risers and stringers. It is recommended to place polymer gaskets in the form of tapes under them. This will prevent squeaking as a result of friction against each other. wooden parts.
The function of the fence is performed by balusters, when installing them it is important to ensure correct evenness. For this purpose, install the upper and lower columns and connect them together with a stretched thread. It serves as a guide for installing other elements. Balusters can be attached with screws or self-tapping screws, which are masked with grout or plugs.
The handrail is installed and fixed on the balusters. It can be wooden, iron or other material.
After installation, all surfaces must be sanded, including hard to reach places, ends, joints. Then the structure is treated with protective agents or paint.
Manufacturing and installation of wooden stairs screw type to the second floor is much more difficult than marching. But, on the other hand, they allow you to save usable area and are placed where there would not be enough space for a marching structure.
Screw designs save living space Most best option- This is the installation of a spiral structure with a central support. In this case, steps in the shape of a triangle or trapezoid are attached directly to it. To make the structure more reliable support pillar with a specially attached heel, it is placed vertically and concreted at the base.
Holes are made in the steps from the narrower edge, with the help of which they are strung onto the support pipe. Cylinder-shaped inserts are installed between the steps, which determine the height structural elements. The last step on the upper tier is installed flush with the opening in the ceiling on the second floor and acts as an additional supporting element.
To make it convenient to go down and up, the vertical interval between the rows of steps should be at least two meters. And the clear width of the staircase is at least 90 cm.
Often they resort to more compact models of spiral staircases. This is permissible only when you do not plan to use it often. This applies, for example, country stairs or for climbing into the attic.
The most convenient tread depth is considered to be from 15 cm at the central post and from 35 cm from the outer edge. The height of the riser is on average about 20 cm. However, sometimes you can abandon them altogether. This will make the structure more convenient, reduce its weight, and also reduce the cost of building materials.
Any two-storey house it is no longer possible to imagine without a beautiful and comfortable stairs. Often, money for a professional craftsman or purchase finished design no, and then the only option is a DIY staircase in the house. This article awaits you step-by-step instruction for the calculation and construction of a convenient lift to the second floor.
A do-it-yourself staircase in a private house usually comes in three types:
However, they can be made of wood, metal, glass or a combination of several materials. We will tell you about the simplest and most popular option - a do-it-yourself wooden flight of stairs in the house, made with a turn in the corner. It is quite convenient, safe, economical, and does not take up much space.
When designing a staircase for your home with your own hands, you need to decide on the dimensions flights of stairs, which should be as convenient and safe as possible to move. The best option is a wide and gentle rise, but this is not always possible in a small house. Therefore, most often when making calculations you have to proceed from free space.
To find out the basic parameters of the future design, you need to know the following dimensions:
The width of the tread should be convenient for resting your full foot on it, that is, within 20-32 cm. Typically, risers are made 15 cm high, and the width of the tread is 30 cm. If you increase these dimensions too much, you will stray from your usual step, and if you reduce it too much, it will be unsafe and inconvenient to descend.
To calculate optimal height and the width of the staircase steps, you need to multiply the estimated height of the riser by two, and then add the width of the step to this figure. The resulting figure should be within 60-64 cm, since this is the average step of a person on a flat road.
The formula for this calculation will look like this:
2a+b = 60-64 cm
Note!
If the size of the room does not allow for a wide tread, then its size can be increased by overhanging the riser.
At the same time, do not forget that you need to leave room for your feet: the tread should not overlap by more than 5 cm, and the distance between the edges of adjacent treads should be more than 10 cm.
The optimal elevation angle is in the range of 24-37°. Please note that the smaller the angle, the more space the structure will take up. If the elevation angle is less than 20°, you can even install a ramp in such a place.
One of important parameters, which needs to be taken into account is the clearance. In order not to tilt your head when walking, there should be a distance of 1.9-2 m from the steps to the ceiling.
The width of the march should not be less than the width of the entrance. For a private home optimal width– 90-100 cm, in luxury houses 125-150 cm. Staircase in country house you can make it smaller with your own hands - only 70-80 cm. If you decide to do spiral staircase, then choose a width of at least 110 cm.
The size of the march should not exceed 18 degrees; if there are more, then it is necessary to provide a platform. If the marches are located in opposite direction, leave a gap of at least 10 cm.
Let's say we have 4 m allocated for the stairs, and the ceiling height is 3 m. The height of the risers will be 15 cm. Let's determine the number of steps:
3/0.15 = 20 pcs.
Since at the beginning of the second floor the step will not be needed (its role will be played by the ceiling), we will subtract 1 pc. and we get 19 pieces.
Now let's determine the expected tread width:
4/19 = 0.21 cm.
Let's substitute the obtained data into the above-mentioned formula 2a+b = 60-64 cm:
2*0.15 + 0.21 = 0.51 m.
As you can see, 51 cm is not in the range we need, so we need to change the step parameters. We empirically select the required values:
(3/0,187) – 1 = 15
2*0.187 + 0.26 = 0.634 m.
In total, with 15 steps with a riser height of 18.7 cm and a tread width of 26 cm, we get the optimal value - 63 cm.
After preliminary calculations, you need to draw up a project. It is necessary to take into account the thickness of the steps, the size and direction of the stringers, and their thickness. Decorative elements, posts and balusters can also be drawn for visualization, and the length of the railing and the number of support posts can be calculated.
It is important to correctly cut the string of the stairs for the stringers, otherwise they may simply crack if they are made too thin. The photo shows an example of a drawing for cutting a stringer.
The dimensions in the drawing are indicated in the form of coordinates (for example: 105,206), that is, we put the first number from the zero point (0.0 - lower left corner), and measure the second from the bottom using a square at an angle of 90°.
Advice!
When your drawing is ready, make a wallpaper template based on it and attach it to the wall.
Surely you will have small errors in the calculations, so adjust the dimensions in advance, but only by cutting the first (entrance) step; the rest should remain the same height.
Having ready-made drawings in hand, you can estimate how much materials you will need. After purchasing them, it is important to wait a couple of days for the tree to adapt to the humidity in the room.
To work you will need:
Also, for simpler work, having a circular saw will not hurt. It is not necessary to have all the tools on the list; you can rent some.
Let's start installing stairs in private houses with our own hands:
Some useful tips The video in this article will show you how to make a staircase in the house with your own hands.
Making stairs for a private house with your own hands is not so difficult, but in this case it is important to make the calculations correctly before starting construction, so that later there will be no difficulties during installation.
