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The advantage of such houses:
For fishing. Use by fishermen of their own house on a paid lake; - for owners of paid lakes. Renting a house daily and seasonally; - for owners of tourist centers; - for investors who want to start building a campsite using a house; - for summer camps. Holiday villages; - for a caretaker of the park territory, parking area; - for a guest house on your own site;
As separate playhouse for children; - for a bath or sauna; - for a bathroom with a washbasin and shower; - for an outdoor cafe with mini-houses or a roadside cafe; - for a hunter; - for camping; - for private companies wishing to promote and develop eco-tourism; - for pilgrimage hotels offering a minimum set of services; - as a residential or construction house, to begin the construction of a large house, which upon completion of construction can be used as a guest house and landscape design plot, or for other purposes stated above.
What will you get by purchasing an arched house?
It is also possible to install an infrared heated floor, which will allow you to warm up the room in a short time during cold times and enjoy the closeness with nature in the warmth.
minidomik.com
A Belarusian company has developed a unique construction startup for the production of houses with unusual architecture. Their project for a low-rise building has already become a laureate of a national architecture competition and a winner of Active House 2017 in the category for best design. Tamago 115, which has a rounded roof instead of walls, is not only a product of architectural thought. The project is based on an invention that allows the construction of energy-efficient buildings of dome, tent and hemispherical shapes. We met with the creators of Tamago and found out why they call it “an antibiotic for construction,” when they will build a prototype and how much such housing will cost.
It all started with the fact that Konstantin Urbanovsky, a designer and businessman in one person, figured out how to make a pointed arch (represents a figure of two semicircular arches intersecting at a certain angle) from two prefabricated wooden beams. For what? So that it is possible to build buildings with a domed roof without the use of special equipment.
main part technologies - UrbanBlock elements from which the beam is assembled. They are composite elements made of moisture-resistant plywood. Each lamella is cut on a machine and has a small radius. The slats are assembled into blocks and fastened with metal pins and bolts. The result is a small part, weighing about 20 kg. These blocks are assembled into a “tenon and groove” into a radius (“bent”) beam of the required length. If the beams are joined, the required arch is obtained. The sizes of the blocks are unified, and, in fact, this is a constructor. The sequential connection of elements allows you to create a self-supporting frame of the house.
Unlike Russian domed houses under trademarks“Dobrosfera” and “Skydom”, which are assembled from rectilinear elements, structures made from UrbanBlock are devoid of the main drawback - visible “ribs” of the structure.
Dome from "Dobrosphere"
It was decided to patent the development of Konstantin Urbanovsky. It turned out that the invention was unique and no one in the world had ever thought of such a thing. “It’s like inventing a wheel,” jokes Yana Urbanovskaya, founder of the young company Tamago. - Now the blocks have the status of an invention, we are engaged in patent protection in 151 countries, as well as obtaining international certificates. They decided to test the technology on small architectural forms - in the spring of 2017, a gazebo was assembled near Gomel next to the experimental production. On it, the inventor's team studied the possibilities of the design. She performed very well.
Gazebo from UrbanBlock
Next we developed architectural project gazebo, which was based on these pointed arches, says the general director of the company, Dmitry Alkhimovich. - The result is a very reliable and attractive design. As a result, we realized that this was a promising direction and registered the Tamago company (translated from Japanese as “egg”). We continued to work on the architecture and study of the application of UrbanBlock technology. It turned out that they are practically limitless. You can build buildings of absolutely any shape: hemispheres, dome-shaped, conical, tent-shaped buildings, combinations of various shapes and sizes.
House project for 76 square meters
The project has several directions. The first is private housing. This includes projects of houses, baths, gazebos. The second is objects for the urban environment. Tamago offers innovative solutions for modernizing urban facilities. For example, we already have options for adding attic floors to the roofs of Khrushchev-era buildings.
A separate area is projects of public catering facilities. It is worth noting that the interest in the project is serious - the famous architect Lev Agibalov works on the development team.
The development of the idea is to create a factory production of house kits that can be sent to the client in a container. That is, a person orders a house, it is manufactured, the selected options are added and sent. It is assembled on site by turnkey installers.
Project Tamago 115
A house kit is a real construction kit with a specific set of parts. All elements are numbered and indicated in the assembly instructions. There is no need to cut anything or buy more. After assembly, all that remains is waste in the form of packaging. Ordered, assembled and live - the set is complete, with all communications, finishing and even built-in furniture.
House area - 115 square meters
There are examples of the implementation of such an idea in the world, but they are isolated, says Dmitry Alkhimovich. - The problem is that traditional house It is assembled from long and large-sized elements, so it is sometimes physically impossible to load it into a container. Our house kit can be called small-piece, and when disassembled it fits compactly into sea container. A unified element (UrbanBlock) makes it easy to calculate the required quantity for the ordered frame with an accuracy of one. The modular dimensions of the elements - 600−1200 mm - allow installation manually without using lifting mechanisms, which significantly reduces installation costs.
The creators call their project an “antibiotic against construction.” - As soon as a person says “I want a house,” he immediately becomes a participant in a quest in which he must first find an architect, then communicate with the builders, periodically swear for missed deadlines and the quality of work, and get upset about the ever-increasing estimates. Sheer stress. Our product allows us to bypass all these people. I just came and, like in a car dealership, chose the one that was suitable from several projects, ordered the necessary options: roofing - shingles, tiles or metal, color gray, white or any other, furniture. Builders are needed only at the stage of making the foundation. Assembly is carried out by certified installers. Depending on the size, the house can be assembled in 2-4 weeks. And this will already be a completely finished housing.
Today, the team of a construction startup is working on the implementation of a house according to the Tamago 115 project. All stages of production and assembly will be worked out on it - work is now underway to create all the technological maps. To bring house production to production, every detail and action needs to be described.
The presentation of the house should take place in August 2018 in Milan. The site for it has already been chosen - in the Molodechno district on the banks of the Udranka River, in a picturesque place near the forest. The prototype will be made from a Swedish insulated slab (although it could also be built on a cheaper pile foundation).
Only in-line mass production makes it possible to reduce costs. The house will not be cheap because high-quality materials and high-tech technology are used in its assembly. engineering equipment. New technologies will allow you to achieve high energy efficiency at home, thus reducing utility costs to a minimum. House of the future, gadget. This house should be a reflection of rationality.
Today, a completed Tamago 115 house is priced at 1,200 euros per square meter, says Yana Urbanovskaya. - And this price is normally perceived by potential customers in Estonia, Poland, Germany, Finland and Russia. However, this cost can be realistically reduced to an acceptable 500-600 euros with industrial production.
In addition to the top awards of the national architectural competition, the project already has international success - it won the Active House 2017 competition (Active House is an international alliance promoting energy-efficient technologies) in the category for best design.
Next autumn we are expected at the Milan Active House exhibition, but already with ready home, says Dmitry Alkhimovich. - To win this competition, we need to assemble a house that will meet the highest European energy efficiency criteria.
The developers claim that their houses are capable of producing more energy than they consume. This is possible thanks to the use of energy-efficient technologies and the architecture itself. - Everyone knows that the smaller the area of cooled planes in a building, the less heat loss it has. In this plan domed houses seriously outperform traditional rectangular buildings with a triangular roof. Their energy consumption is at least 20% less due to the architecture alone.
The houses are planned to be equipped with supply and exhaust mechanical ventilation with a recuperator, an air-to-water heat pump for heating and photovoltaics on the roof for generating electricity. The latest engineering solutions will be used, taking into account their development in the near future. That is, they will not become obsolete in the next five years.
High energy efficiency indicators are also achieved by the solid thickness of the mineral wool insulation layer in the walls and roof of the building - 30−35 cm.
If we superimpose the projections of a traditional house and Tamago 115, we see that effective area they are almost the same,” Dmitry Alkhimovich explains the difference. - But if we compare construction volumes, the number building materials and types of construction work, then for a vaulted house these figures are 15-20% less. The fact is that the arched structure does not require internal load-bearing walls; the placement of partitions inside the vaulted shell is free. Its design does not include roof overhangs, mauerlats, drainage systems, roof connections and load-bearing walls. And this is a significant savings in materials during the construction of the supporting structure. There are no costs for finishing the facade.
For construction frame house more materials will be required for the post-and-beam structural system, plus struts, diagonals of stiffness, beams... If we set a goal and build a Tamago using similar materials that are used for budget frames - 15 cm of insulation, cheap bitumen roofing, budget window systems, then the cost of our house will be even lower. But we are not going to build cheap houses and compete with manufacturers frame houses We don't plan.
The developers from Tamago say that in our country they are interested in the new architectural form, they like the houses, but they don’t want to become “pioneers” en masse.
There is a stereotype of what a traditional house should look like, and it’s difficult to step over it, says Dmitry.
But we already have our first Belarusian customer - he will build a house in Tarasovo near Minsk. His site is on a mountain with a height difference of 10 meters. So “Tamago” will be visible from afar.
In addition to houses, the production of gazebos will also be established - there is already a demand for them.
Tamago at the Budprogress exhibition
However, it cannot be said that the manufacturer of domed houses is counting only on Belarusian customers. Tamago is initially aimed at the European market - there is a demand for such architecture there. The company plans to enter our market as a European brand.
Now there are no conditions in the country to engage in production and design of houses for our market. So we'll start there and then come here. UrbanBlock elements will be produced in Belarus, and they will be supplied to dealer and logistics centers in Europe (the first is planned to be created in Estonia). There they will be equipped with materials and equipment from manufacturers who operate in the dealer's market. The Tamago project received approval from the professional community. Now, to implement the plan, the developers unique technology looking for an investor.
td-termobar.ru
Most owners are not inclined to invest a significant amount in a country house - after all, this is not Vacation home, in which the family lives permanently, and a temporary shelter, used mainly in summer time.
The comfort of such a building is easier to achieve: minimal amenities are required, but there is no need to equip full heating, winter insulation, air conditioning, etc. There are many options that meet the requirements, one of them is an arched house. This building is inexpensive, easy to construct and original in configuration.
The semicircular structure from the outside resembles a small hangar. For some summer residents, façade design is not important, while others minimize this similarity with the help of additional structures and finishing. But, in any case, construction is cheaper and faster than building a traditional house (made of brick, blocks, wood, etc.).
The first thing you can save on is the foundation. For arched house Light materials are used, so a regular columnar foundation is sufficient. A screw or slab of small thickness is also possible - all this is considered from the point of view of the characteristics of the site.
The main material for the construction of the structure is metal. This does not mean that an arched house cannot be built from wood (using, for example, wooden laminated arches) or other materials. But metal is the most convenient even from the point of view of the variety of products: - profiles, pipes, corrugated sheets - all this can be welded and fastened into a strong, lightweight structure.
You can also purchase ready set arched house - with a frame made of arches, floor slabs, insulation, roofing panels, fasteners, etc.
Important stage in the construction of an arched house - insulation. It would seem that there is no need to insulate a house for summer living. But metal conducts heat well, heats up and cools down quickly, resulting in rainy weather it will be cold in the house. In the sun metal structure It will heat up quickly, and the room will be both hot and stuffy. Therefore, thermal insulation is necessary. In addition, it will also serve as sound insulation, and this is very useful, since metal is a good conductor of not only heat, but also sound. Thermal insulation in this case can be used either rolled (mineral wool, for example) or slab (expanded polystyrene, etc.).
Decoration Materials everyone chooses based on their capabilities and preferences. The simplest thing that can be recommended is to cover the inside of the house with clapboard or plasterboard (followed by painting, wallpapering, etc.).
Fasteners corrugated sheet insulation
www.domstoy.ru
These arched structures can be used not only as homes, but also as workshops, nursing homes, and garages.
cpykami.ru
Very often, looking at real estate catalogs, we involuntarily sigh, realizing that we are not able to afford it. An alternative to expensive housing is offered by a company specializing in the construction of arched houses. Such housing is built very quickly, and, at the same time, its price range ranges from 1000 to 5000 dollars.
Arched Cabins specializes in the design and construction of arched houses made of galvanized steel. The standard kit that can be purchased for the construction of such a home includes floor slabs, a frame made of arches, insulating material 13 mm thick (for cold climates the thickness can be 25 mm) and panels for a gable roof with all fasteners. 
The sizes of such arched houses vary from 3.7x7 meters to 4.5x10 meters. Corrugated external cladding The buildings are designed for strong gusts of wind and snow pressure (13 kg per 1 sq. m.). The developers claim that this is not an ordinary metal canopy, which will bend at the first snowfall. 
These arched structures can be used not only as homes, but also as workshops, nursing homes, and garages. The cost of arched houses ranges from $1000 to $5000. 
Let's look at the features of the device and methods self-made arched rafter system.
The most common forms of roofs for cottages are “hip” and “double-pitched”. This is explained by the fact that this roof shape is well known to many builders, and all stages of manufacturing are described in detail in any methodological publication.
However, many private developers would like to move away from the “clichés”. There is a growing interest in domed, semicircular and pointed roof shapes. In addition to its attractive appearance, such a roof has a number of significant advantages:
Thinking about how to make a semicircular roof from wood, and understanding the many advantages of a “bent” roof, many developers are put off by the high price of an arched rafter system, the complexity of its calculation and manufacture: in industrial conditions, lamellas (from which laminated veneer lumber is made), steamed to 100 °C, at high humidity(which gives the wood elasticity) are bent according to a special template, then glued together and dried in drying chambers.
Along the bend line of the beam, you can make special cuts - “to a cone” or “to a rectangle”. This simplifies the process of bending wood.
In private construction conditions, such technological stage difficult and economically unfeasible to repeat. And when using industrially manufactured parts - in the form of bent laminated veneer lumber, steel and wooden curved trusses, etc. – the cost of such a rafter system increases many times over. Therefore, FORUMHOUSE users offer their own, more “budget” methods for making arched rafters and semicircular roof rafters.
Nikofar User FORUMHOUSE, Moscow
I decided to build a frame outbuilding with a semicircular pointed roof. To do this, I had to become one person: an architect, a designer, a customer, an estimator, a “sponsor” of construction, a foreman, a technical supervision specialist and a builder. But the result was worth it. I managed to realize all my ideas. And for several hundred thousand rubles (260 thousand of which were spent purely on the “frame”) to build a house with a “pointed roof”, 3 bedrooms, a kitchen-living room, an entrance hall, a separate bathroom and a small hall on the second floor.
What the forum member ended up with can be seen in this photo.
Of particular interest are the stages of manufacturing a “bent” rafter system.
In the classical sense, this “rafter” does not have the usual rafter legs.
There are also no glued elements in it. If you look at the photographs, you can say that the rafter system uses elements borrowed from shipbuilding.
The essence of the technology used Nikofar is as follows:
The slats were cut out with a chainsaw. To simplify and speed up the marking of lamellas, a special template was made - a semicircle of two slats and plywood 12 mm thick.
Such a template is cut to a specific and pre-calculated radius of curvature of the roof. Also, before you start making a curved rafter system, you need to make a full-size radius template. Check at the installation site whether the required radius is observed, whether everything is calculated correctly, and only after that proceed to the manufacture of the remaining rafter legs. This will allow you to avoid defects, as well as timely make appropriate adjustments to the dimensions of the rafter system and template.
If you get the hang of it, it will take you to make one “radius” lamella, including marking and selection the desired board, it took the workers about 3 minutes.
After the construction of the rafter system was completed, sheathing was installed along the roof frame. For the sheathing (to save money), instead of plywood or OSB, I used second-rate edged board- 10x2.5 cm. The pitch between the boards is 5 cm. Then the roofing covering made of ondulin was installed.
The proposed method of making “bent” rafters and the process of constructing an inexpensive frame house for permanent residence found a wide response on the forum. Forum members also expressed their pros and cons. economic feasibility construction of such a pointed roof. They also talked about the excessive consumption of wood. Let's see how true this is:
Thanks to the arched section pointed roof, with comparable costs for lumber, internal useful the volume of such a residential attic under the arch is greater than an attic of a traditional design, as well as an attic with increased overhangs.
Nikofar drew all the above drawings not in a specialized graphics program, but using the “old” MS-paint.
The arched roof, due to its shape, can withstand very heavy loads, which the builders of antiquity knew well.
Also of great interest is the project of a house with a semicircular roof from a member of our forum crazy-tortilla.
crazy-tortilla User FORUMHOUSE
I want to build a house with a semicircular roof. According to the project, it is necessary to block an unsupported span of 11x8 meters. I'm thinking of using wooden I-beams for this. Then make OSB flooring on top and lay soft roof. There will be no attic. Help me to understand, how to make a semicircular roof out of wood.
To prepare the base for laying flexible tiles on a radius roof, you can use moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards up to 9 mm thick. Plates of this thickness are bent “in place” without the use of special devices. To obtain the required thickness of the base, slab material of small thickness (6 mm) can be laid in two layers, with the seams of the bottom layer overlapping the top layer.
After brainstorming on the forum and arguing about the type of construction of the truss system for such a roof, a decision was made: instead of horizontal I-beams, use a bent laminated wood truss. After this, the forum member ordered a farm design from the designer. The photo below shows finished drawings of these trusses.
Today, among those familiar to the seasoned master roofing structures The arched roof took a strong place. This roof design not only makes the house original and interesting, but also protects it from excessive wind loads. In addition, it is the arched ceiling that makes it possible to let in maximum light into the room if you choose transparent polycarbonate as the roof. Below are the advantages and disadvantages of such a domed roof and the principles of its installation in the material.
The use of arched roofs is widespread throughout the world today. Now in Russia they have begun to introduce such a design into the architectural field. In particular, such a roof is justified at the following facilities:
Important: by the way, frameless roofs from metal profile. Such structures have greater rigidity and strength, which allows installation large premises without the use of a complex rafter system.
It is worth knowing that arched roofs carry a lot of advantages both for the house itself and for its owner. Main positive points such an arcuate ceiling are:
But the semicircular roof also has some disadvantages. These include:
As a rule, lightweight roofing materials that have a certain elasticity are used to cover roof arches. In particular, the following can be used as roofing:
Important: arched corrugated sheeting must be ordered from the manufacturer according to the parameters of the arched roof (span width, height of its walls and arc height).
As for the materials to create the roof frame, a variety of different ones can be used. However, they should be divided into materials for use in capital industrial construction or for use in private works. So, for capital construction you can use:
In private construction, for the arch frame you can use:
Important : pipes can be used to construct an arched greenhousesPVC.
To build a semicircular roof with your own hands, you need to prepare aluminum pipes with a cross-section of 5 cm and a length of 5-6 m. And to cover the roof, in our case, we will take translucent polycarbonate of any shade. But it is worth remembering that although such a coating is modern and attractive, it is still better to use it for installing a canopy roof over a car, a pool roof or the roof of an extension. Since in the summer indoors It will be very hot under such a roof.
Important: polycarbonate tends to expand when heated under the sun. Therefore, when attaching covering sheets, it is necessary to leave a technical gap for the expansion of the roof.
Important: the arcs of the arch can be made not from a single pipe, but from its parts. In this case, two half-arches can join at the top of the arch, forming a steeper or less steep bend.
The pipes must be bent using a special bend, first making cuts on the profile. It is important to remember that the more notches there are on the profile, the less steep the bending radius will be. And accordingly, the fewer notches, the larger the bending radius will be. The notches on the profile must be placed with the same spacing.
Important: to install polycarbonate, you need to use special self-tapping screws with thick washers and decorative covers.
Advice: if you are not confident in your abilities when calculating the parameters of the arch, then use the services of professionals or at least use a special program to calculate the parameters of the arch.
Hobbit Hall in Russia from the Architectural Bureau of Roman Leonidov.
Small house, whose area is comparable to a Moscow “kopeck piece”, Roman Leonidov came up with as one of the options for expanding his dacha near Moscow. A spacious house has already been built on the architect’s site, and a small separate house was intended for a sunny lawn in front of it - the architect has been drawing for some time various options its buildings.
An individual residential building for permanent or temporary residence of a family of three is a single volume, including an entrance hall, a bathroom, a kitchen-dining room and two bedrooms. From the dining room there is access to a terrace covered with a landscaped canopy. Adjacent to the ends of the house is a storage room for garden tools, accessible from the terrace. The house has an important feature: every room is illuminated with natural light. Structurally, the building is a simple frame of bent laminated beams. The walls do not bear any load and are made of frame structures filled with thermal insulation or sound insulation (for internal partitions).
Name: Hobbit Hall
Location: Moscow region, Russia
Architecture: Architectural Bureau of Roman Leonidov
total area: 45 m2
Project graphics.
Roofs in the form of domes and arches can most often be found in public buildings: such as swimming pools, winter gardens, stadiums or exhibition galleries. But currently there is a trend towards the use of such roofs in private construction, because they literally attract attention and create an unusual atmosphere in the premises. In addition, the construction of this structure can be done with your own hands.
Such roofs differ from pitched roofs not only in appearance, but also in a number of advantages.:
Supporting structures for such roofs can be made of curved metal, wood or concrete structures made in the form of arches or trusses . It is possible to use concrete structures as load-bearing structures, but for private houses this is unjustified due to the increased cost of materials, transportation difficulties and heavy weight. There will also be a need to build a foundation and walls of increased strength so that they can withstand concrete structure. You will also need special lifting equipment to install the truss. All this will lead to increased construction costs.
Among the most suitable options roof covering can be called glass, transparent slate, cell or . If you decide to make the roof opaque, then you can use, for example, galvanized steel or copper.
Polycarbonate allows you to create a support-free roof over small rooms. It lends itself well to bending and is used to give different shapes roofs
If the structure is made of metal, then it will also have significant weight. This will require strengthening the foundation and walls.
Arched roofs are most often made of aluminum profiles. They have a number of advantages: high corrosion resistance, low weight; careful appearance, ease of installation. When installing an aluminum frame, the pitch of the sheathing will depend on a number of factors: the thickness of the polycarbonate sheet, the bending radius, the method of fastening the sheets and others. In most cases, the sheathing pitch is made in a ratio of 1:2 to the width of the sheet. In this case, the type of frame does not matter. Aluminum is moisture resistant. It does not require permanent painting.
Important: When designing, it is necessary to take into account gaps for thermal expansion equal to 5 mm. per linear meter.
Calculation of the sheathing pitch depends on the parameters of the polycarbonate sheet. Standard sizes: width – 2-10 meters, length – 6-12 meters. The parameters of the polycarbonate sheet have dimensions of 2.05x3.05. In this case, the thickness parameters vary from 10 to 32 mm. It is possible to manufacture according to individual orders from individual manufacturers.
Most wide application for the construction of arched roofs received cellular polycarbonate. This material has a number of advantages:
Due to the light weight of the material, it can be used in frameless structures. To improve fire safety properties, modified polycarbonate is used. It differs from the usual one by the presence of special additives in its composition, thanks to which it can be used in all branches of construction. True, the cost of modified polycarbonate is 40-50% higher than usual.
When installing such a roof, you need to remember that one of its properties is the creation greenhouse effect indoors, subject to sunny weather. Therefore, it is important to organize a competent ventilation or air conditioning system in a residential area.
When installing sheets, take into account the direction in which the internal hollow channels are located. It is best to place them along the roof slope. For structures with a vertical direction, the channels are positioned accordingly.
Rules for fastening polycarbonate:
When installing profiles there are front side. It has a special layer applied to it that can protect it from ultraviolet radiation.
If the width is more than 1 meter, additional fastening is used when installing the panel. This is necessary in order to avoid displacement. For fastening, 5-centimeter self-tapping screws are used, screwing them into the supports in increments of 50-60 centimeters, but no more than 20 centimeters from the joint. The distance of the screws from the edge is at least 3 centimeters. It is important to pre-prepare holes for screws with a diameter exceeding the size of the screws by 3-4 mm. – this will avoid deformation during expansion. The surface can be deformed or damaged by over-tightening the screws. Fastening must be carried out perpendicular to the plane of the panel. It is best to choose self-tapping screws made of stainless materials: for example, steel or with galvanized tips to ensure corrosion resistance. The length parameters must correspond to the sheet thickness, type of gasket and load-bearing structures. But the diameter is better to take 4 mm.
Cone-shaped steel spacers are also used for self-tapping screws. They help prevent corrosion. Their characteristics must correspond to self-tapping screws or be made of aluminum of at least 1 mm. (thickness) and with a diameter of 25 mm, with a rubber gasket. You can use thermal washers instead. This will improve the appearance. A thermal insulating tape is used between the metal and the panel at the junction. This is done in order to avoid swelling when heated.
When examining the panels packed in protective film, you can see the side with printed inscriptions. It is front-facing and has protection from ultraviolet rays. On the other hand, the film is transparent. Storage and installation of the panel must not be allowed inside up. This will shorten its service life.
Before proceeding with installation, the channels are sealed using perforated tape. It is glued on both sides of the ends of the panel. The protective film is removed in stages, starting with inside. The top film is removed after finishing installation work. This helps avoid damage during installation.
Building an arched roof with your own hands is a rather complex process that requires certain skills, the ability to make accurate calculations, and attention when making the structure. This is why you don’t see this type of roofing very often.
