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» Floristry for beginners. Form-linear style of floristry. Vegetative style Vegetative bouquet

Floristry for beginners. Form-linear style of floristry. Vegetative style Vegetative bouquet

At all times, floristry has considered bouquets and compositions as the highest work of art. To make them modern, sophisticated and original, it’s worth knowing professional terms. Their decoding will be useful even to an experienced florist in the process of his creative activity, and, of course, will not interfere with those who are just planning to become a florist.

  • Accent- underlining, which is usually formed by a small amount of material in relation to the entire work. As a rule, it is created using shape and color.
  • Accent color- opposition using contrast, which is created using small quantity same color to more another in order to give special expressiveness to the work. Example: a bouquet in which 95% are yellow and green leaves, has a 5% accent in the form of a blue element, which looks like a dot of color in the overall composition. If the proportions of colors are 50 to 50, there will be no accent. The accent color should not be diffused, as this will lose the emphasis. The shape of a small color accent can be very different, for example, a line, a circle or any other.
  • Textured (structural) accent- produced using surface texture or structure. Example: if not a large number of material with a velvety texture is placed next to a large amount of material with a metallic texture, then the accent will be created by the velvety texture. In this case, color is given a subordinate role.
  • Accent shape- opposition based on the principle of contrast between two materials. A small amount of a form of one material is taken in relation to a larger amount of a form of another. Example: a similar accent is created by a round element in a composition made up of only straight, strict material.
  • Asymmetry- free placement order. In the case when the elements on both sides of the axis are not identical, an asymmetric arrangement is implied. As a rule, she looks free and natural. Such work most often consists of 3 unequal parts. In this case, the main, opposite and neighboring groups are distinguished. The largest, main group, in an asymmetrical arrangement, is not placed in the center, but is only moved to the side. The second largest, opposite group, is placed further from the main one. The smallest one, the neighboring one, is located closest to the main one and supports it.

An asymmetrical arrangement must be optically balanced. In the case when the main group is located to the left of the geometric center, then the opposite group should stand further from it. That is, the principle of leverage works. The smaller the opposite group is compared to the main one, the farther away it should be placed. The adjacent group should be located to the left of the main one. The 3 parts harmonize and relate to each other. The florist does not make exact calculations, but acts intuitively, trying to give the composition maximum naturalness.
Asymmetry is quite natural for natural materials. As a result, such a composition looks flexible and light. I perform an asymmetrical arrangement, wanting to emphasize the positive of the moment. It is often appropriate when working in vegetative and form-linear styles. The expressiveness of asymmetrical works is enhanced by the use of light and luminous colors.

  • Achromatic colors- presented in black and white, as well as all the gray shades in between.
  • Basis- represents the basis, or, in other words, the starting point of floristic work.
  • Bouquet- V general meaning stands for bound flowers.
  • Biedermeier bouquet- a dense bouquet, closed in a circle, the material in which is collected in the form of concentric circles.
  • Bouquet decorative style - this is a bouquet with a dense filling. The contour can be closed or open.
  • Bouquet for the bride- this is an original floral decoration in the form of a bouquet for the newlywed.
  • A bouquet of form-linear style is a bouquet, the creation of which is based on the contrast of lines and shapes.
  • Vegetative bouquet - is a related floral work, which mainly consists of greenery and cut flowers. The main attention is paid to the characteristics of plants, habitat, growth form, and membership in the plant community.
  • Vegetative style- one of the styles of floristry. Such works look as natural as possible.
  • A wreath is a form-work made in the form of a circle and has a symbolic meaning. Wreaths can be interior, mourning, table, interior, Christmas, Easter.
  • Primary colors typically include yellow, red, blue and green. Each of them consists of 3 primary colors plus one mixed color (green).
  • Decorative style is a floristry style where the characteristics of each specific plant are not taken into account, but rather they are sought to be subordinated to the overall composition in order to create a new, very expressive whole. Having lost their individuality, plants can look completely different. The main feature of the style is dense filling - a large number of plants located very close to each other. When creating decorative work, the florist, first of all, must know that his creative result directly depends on the shape and color of the selected plants.
  • Decorate - in other words, decorate or decorate.
  • The dominant is the most important component of something.
  • Complementary colors are colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel. Example: opposite colors - red and green.
  • Laws of composition - these include general and specialized knowledge about color science and the laws of composition. The “golden ratio” means dividing a segment into unequal parts.
  • Historical style is an expression of the characteristics of art relative to a particular period of culture or era.
  • Composition from potted plants- this is a type of floral work, consisting mainly of potted plants growing in pots, cache-pots, or vases.
  • A corsage (boutonniere) is a miniature floral decoration. Can be used to decorate clothes or hairstyles.
  • Non-plant material is divided into main and auxiliary. The latter may include ribbon, wire, and beads.
  • A parallel bouquet is a related floral work made from greenery and cut flowers. Plant material is located mainly in parallel. The bunch may not be the only one and, unlike other bouquets, also plays a decorative role.
  • Oasis (floral sponge) is a porous artificial material that has capillary properties, perfectly absorbs and retains moisture for a long time. During the process of making the composition, flower stems are inserted into the oasis. The oasis must be a reliable support for flowers and effectively retain moisture so that the flowers remain fresh longer.
  • Parallel style is one of the styles of floristry.
  • Dense forms are filled and are used for long plants, such as terry peony.
  • Porta bouquet - simple design, in which there is an “oasis” sponge soaked in water or a special solution. Allows you to preserve the freshness of flowers longer and keeps them in the desired
  • position The flower stems are replaced by a plastic handle. This perfect option when making wedding bouquets.
  • Order is a given arrangement of elements, indicating the initial principle of constructing a composition.
  • Proportions - the relationship between quantity and size. In floristry, there can be identical, that is, equal, as well as unequal relationships. Example: 50:50 or 30:50, that is, “ golden ratio».
  • Arrangement is the principle by which order should be established. In the case of strict order, we are talking about symmetry, in the case of free order, we are talking about asymmetry.
  • Plants of dominant forms are dominants, that is, plants of great importance, like Eremurus.
  • Plants of mass forms - those that show the best decorative forms, when collected as a mass and not separately, like, for example, moss. Or we are talking about forms of small significance.
  • Plant material means all plants and their parts. Example: leaves, flowers, stems.
  • Rows are divided in floristry into simple and rhythmic, and can be made with identical or unequal elements that follow each other and are repeated in a certain rhythm.
  • Free order is the order of arrangement, that is, asymmetry.
  • Material properties are the nature of the material relative to its structure and textures. Example: clear glass, opaque ceramics.
  • Binding colors are colors that are optically related to each other by other colors. Example: green and brown, gray and white.
  • Spiral bouquet - a bouquet based on spirals arranged around a central element standing upright.
  • Floristry styles - vegetative, decorative, linear, parallel. They all have variations. Works are also classified according to the method of creation. Radial compositions, that is, having 1 point of growth: decorative, vegetative, form-linear, free. Parallel compositions with more than 1 growth point: graphic, decorative, vegetative, free (in other words, objects).
  • Surface structure (texture) is the impression made by the surface of a material, plant or non-plant. Surface properties are influenced by color. Materials of the same structure help to achieve harmony of effects in the composition, and materials of different structures help to achieve contrast or tension.
  • Structural bouquet - made in a decorative style. usually done in a decorative style. The surfaces are different in height and size. Particular attention is paid to structure and texture.
  • Stepping is the distribution of identical shapes in space with their different positions relative to the height and depth of the work.
  • The theory of floristry is a presentation of the basic laws of floristry in a systematized form.
  • Technology - refers to methods of working and processing plant materials.
  • Shape-linear - one of the styles of floristry. It is very important here to achieve the strongest tension in combinations of lines and shapes. The amount of material is kept to a minimum. The shape is not only in the form of geometric bodies, but also the plane of the sheet. The arrangement is asymmetrical. Attention is focused on the appearance and characteristics of plants.
  • Formation - many identical parts assembled together. Example: 50 liatris arranged in parallel.
  • Form work is one of the subforms of the decorative style, usually traditional work: garland, wreath, Biedermeier.
  • Frieze is flat work shaped like a strip or ribbon. There is a vertical ornament or a figured pattern. The walls are decorated with friezes.
  • Color is a certain visual sensation caused by light, depending on the spectral composition of the radiation.
    • 1st order colors are the basic, primary colors, pure and unmixed: red, yellow and blue.
    • 2nd order colors are secondary mixed colors in a 50:50 ratio of 2 primary colors.
    • 3rd order colors are mixed colors formed from 50:50 of the primary color plus 2nd order colors.
  • Color harmony - is created by different colors, differently spaced in the center circle from each other in certain quantitative ratios.
  • Color science is an ordered idea of ​​color.
  • A color star is a star based on a color. Which is created by mixing its colors with the colors of the achromatic series while lightening and darkening the color.
  • Color contrast is shades of the same color that are opposed to each other.
  • The color wheel is a systematic representation of all colors in the shape of a circle.
  • Sketch - preliminary sketch.

These are the most important concepts used by modern floristry, whose bouquets must meet all requirements. Therefore, it is so necessary to understand basic things.

One of the common modern classifications- division of all styles in floristry into decorative, vegetative and linear form. The authors of this division are Gregor Lersch and Daniel Ost. The famous florist Peter Asman suggests distinguishing four styles, adding a parallel one to those named; in practice, the fourth style became part of the linear form.

Decorative(from Latin decoro - I decorate) style involves creating compositions from a large number of different colors. At the same time, the integrity of the plan is preserved and the creative individuality of the bouquet is emphasized. When creating compositions in a decorative style, the main thing is to subordinate the plants to the main idea of ​​the master, playing out each flower in a new role for it. Characteristics decorative style - dense filling of space and symmetrical arrangement of plants. Asymmetrical works are a rare exception to this style and are most often created from dried flowers. In symmetrical compositions of a decorative style, plants are placed as a mirror image relative to the geometric middle (axis). For example, red tulips on the left should also be on the right. Specularity is observed in the form, color and dynamics of plants, only in individual elements the composition can be asymmetrical. The composition may have one or several axes of symmetry, and it is possible to place plants in a stepped structure. For arrangements in a decorative style, flowers of symmetrical shape are most suitable - large-flowered chrysanthemum, peony, hydrangea, gerbera.

Classic round Biedermeier bouquets are made in a decorative style.

Vegetative(from Latin vegeto - I revive) style involves a natural combination and placement of flowers and additional plant material. Vegetative style compositions are distinguished by asymmetrical placement of flowers and accessories. The compositions are composed of three groups of plants of different sizes, among which one of the groups is given clear preference. Most often, the basis of a vegetative composition looks like this: the focal point is one of the groups of plants, it is shaded by a neighboring small group and balanced by a medium-sized third group located in the distance. The main condition for creating a vegetative composition is preservation natural look plants, highlighting their especially colorful sides. Experienced florists do not copy the natural arrangement of flowers, but create creative composition, relying on the natural qualities of a particular plant. Vegetative composition is constructed in several ways, of which the most famous is the arrangement with one growing point. In this case, the plants are placed so that all the lines of the composition not only gather at one point in structure, but also visually look the same. In most cases, an asymmetrical arrangement ensures that the growth point is not in the center of the vase, but is shifted to the side, forward or backward from the aligned center of the composition. You can also place the plants so that they visually diverge from one growing point under the vase. The easiest way to create a growth point is by the intersection of several main groups of the composition.

Shape - linear style suggests asymmetry in compositions. The main feature of compositions made in this style is the use of the individual characteristics of all components involved in the composition. Within the framework of the form-linear style, compositions are created from a minimum amount of materials, both planar and in the form of various geometric shapes.

Parallel florists call a style when most of the plant and additional material located parallel to each other. Parallel compositions, made in a linear style, are created from cut plants arranged horizontally or vertical rows. Each row contains plants of either the same color or the same type. Such compositions require beautiful tall or, on the contrary, flat decorative vessels.

Form-linear parallel compositions can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. As in other styles, here each element has its own growth point and proportions are strictly observed, color combinations, form. Parts of a parallel composition can be vertical, diagonal or horizontal. Examples of parallel style compositions can be found in nature.

The main compositions of the form-linear style: o parallel-vegetative - asymmetrical, looks quite natural, since the plants are arranged as freely as in living nature. In this style, compositions are made from both cut flowers and potted plants; o parallel-decorative - symmetrical and having a closed shape, which emphasizes the visual impression of the originality of the work;

o parallel-graphic - it can be both symmetrical and asymmetrical. The basis of such compositions is a constructivist or even abstract design. Often, when composing compositions in this style, the biological individual characteristics of plant material are not used. The basis can be fine crushed stone, brick chips, sand, synthetic materials. Vertically placed plants intersect, which gives the work originality and uniqueness. Floral oasis foam is placed slightly below the edges of the vase. Avant-garde works are performed in this style for modern office interiors.

Each floral bouquet is a creative composition, which takes time to compile from master florists or amateurs. Masters make bouquets faster, having certain knowledge and skills, while non-professionals spend much more energy and effort on creating them.

But in order for the assembled composition to please with its appearance, it is necessary to have a good understanding not only of the art of assembling bouquets according to a certain shape and floral styles, but also of such classifications, in particular, for whom the bouquet is intended and what event it will highlight.

Therefore, both professionals and novice florists must navigate various classifications by type of bouquets in order to understand what composition they will collect in accordance with the wishes of customers.

Let's take a look at the most common existing floristic classifications.

Classification by shape

This classification is considered one of the fundamental ones for study; it is on it that many florists rely when composing bouquets.

Having learned to work with this classification, it will be possible to move further in the world of studying Floristry.

According to this classification there are the following types flower arrangements:

A round bouquet is basically a spherical composition correct form, which is assembled from proportionate flowers with dense packing. Proportionality means that flowers are selected the same in size, including buds.

At the same time, the colors of plants are not only monotonous, but multi-color inclusions and color textures are also allowed.

That's why important point The execution of assembling round bouquets depends on the arrangement of the material, and it can be as follows:

  1. Circular concentric - flowers are arranged contrastingly in a circle with such alternation, for example, as large-small inflorescences of yellow and red flowers, and with the obligatory replacement of material in a new circle;
  2. Spiral - a spiral path inside the bouquet is distinguished by a different shape of plants in a different color scheme;
  3. Structural - they try to arrange the material in groups proportionally;
  4. Diagonal – select opposite sectors with a diagonal and fill them.

Round bouquets can also be assembled using other modifications, which depend on the degree of skill of the florist. But in any case, this type of bouquet is the most common.

A cascading composition is a vertical bouquet collected in a downward direction. The base of this bouquet is made in the shape of a regular triangle with the apex at the bottom, and the flowers are arranged in a special way using the following techniques:

  1. Placements on living stems;
  2. Mixed, where more than 70 percent of fresh flowers and only 30 percent of taped flowers are combined together with special wire tires;
  3. Placements on the portaquet;
  4. English installation on wire stems, completely covered with fresh flowers;
  5. Frame, where the base is made of birch, rattan or wire.

And the cascade effect itself is achieved using a floral arrangement, which comes in two types:

  1. Regular cascade-drop– a flowing composition in which long plants are located at the bottom, and short ones are laid stepwise at the top;
  2. Waterfall– a cascading bouquet, where the flowers are arranged exactly the opposite way, short plants are located at the bottom, and long plants in the form of a veil cover them from above.

Cascading bouquets of flowers are shown in the photo.

A bouquet on a frame is a technically complex composition of various shapes, the most common of which are a disk, an irregular spherical shape, a heart, and a cylinder.

To create a frame composition, you need to work out the concept of the bouquet itself and a competent choice of flowers that undergo certain processing. Flowers are removed extra leaves on the stem or taping is carried out. The plants are then placed on the frame.

When creating a frame, both artificial and natural materials. Therefore, the basis of a frame bouquet can be either wire, greenery or branches. The assembly of the base occurs according to a pre-drawn diagram. The frame is complemented with flax, feathers, sisal, rattan and other materials.

There are many options for creating frame compositions. But frame bouquets that are more popular than others are:

  1. Fan– with the help of this bouquet you can create a romantic and poetic mood of the 19th century. You can decorate this floral arrangement with original antique embroidery, inserts of pearls and stones, ribbons and openwork braid;
  2. coupling- a cylindrical composition, which is more often collected in winter than in summer, because such a bouquet can serve not only beautiful decoration, but also a practical thing and warm your hands with the help of fur placed inside the frame;
  3. Handbag– the main advantage of this composition is that the bag is a favorite accessory women's wardrobe. And such a floral accessory will not only attract attention, but will make a woman stand out from the crowd.

Structural bouquets of non-standard shapes

In addition to the basic forms, the imagination of florists helps to construct bouquets and non-standard forms, for which such artificial materials, like paper, wire, tape, porta bouquet and oasis sponge, floral glue.

Among these forms, the following compositions stand out:

  1. Glamelia- This decorative bouquet cone-shaped or in the form of a hemisphere, which craftsmen create from petals of fresh flowers using wire or glue. To create such bouquets, petals of gladioli, camellias or roses are often used;
  2. Rod- this is a flower arrangement assembled either from plants on very long legs, or flowers secured with decorative wire and ribbon;
  3. Cone– flowers are collected on an oasis sponge or porta bouquet in an elongated shape and placed in paper shaped like an inverted cone.

Along with this classification by form, a second specification that is of no small importance should be studied.

Classification by style

Modern floristry distinguishes several basic styles, thanks to which it is possible to create the ideal bouquet for any life event.

Vegetative style

The vegetative composition is a complex skillfully collected bouquet, which looks as natural and close to natural conditions. Very often it is called a piece of nature, since its creation not only uses natural materials, but also takes into account the basic characteristics of the plant world.

When creating a vegetative bouquet, pay attention to the following factors:

  • Asymmetrical and symmetrical arrangement of plants;
  • Grouping, proportions and examples of growth in the natural environment;
  • Natural color and shape of plants;
  • Seasons - seasonality allows you to understand what materials should be combined.

This composition is minimally decorated, but despite this, it looks incredibly stylish and elegant.

Decorative style

Decorative style allows you to create bouquets in a single concept, sometimes from completely dissimilar materials. In this case, the plants lose their individuality, but this is more than compensated by the overall expressiveness of the bouquet.

The features of this style are following points:

  1. Plants should fill the bouquet tightly to the center;
  2. Both asymmetry and symmetry are allowed;
  3. Various natural and artificial materials are used and grouped together in the work;
  4. Color contrasts are used because color is very important in composition;
  5. It is allowed to combine stylistic features of different eras;
  6. Overall visual balance is maintained.

This style is quite bright and convenient to perform, so many florists prefer to use it in their work.

Shape - linear style

Contours, line and shape are the main elements of the form-linear style. They set the tone for the entire floral composition. Wherein an important condition The work becomes such a combination of elements in which the bouquet will acquire expressiveness.

This style has the following characteristics:

  1. The use of many shapes and lines is not allowed;
  2. The form must remain clear;
  3. To create a bouquet you need a minimalist amount of material;
  4. The arrangement of the material should be asymmetrical, although symmetry is sometimes allowed;
  5. A combination of plant and artificial materials;
  6. Contrasts and juxtapositions are used;
  7. The bouquet should maintain space.

Bouquets in this style are very suitable for interior arrangements and various conceptual events.

One of the clear and understandable compositional styles is the massive style, which is also called style-form. The execution of these compositions is quite simple, but at the same time labor-intensive. The shapes of the bouquets are clear, for example, a cone, a heart or a ball, the main thing is to decide on the execution technique.

To assemble massive bouquets you can use various techniques, such as arrangement on the base, gluing, weaving, parallel or spiral assembly and others.

In addition, when using a form style, the following is recommended:

  1. It is advisable to use no more than 3 types of material;
  2. The composition does not need a center, so the bouquet must be filled tightly;
  3. When assembling, you must adhere to a strictly chosen form;
  4. If the bouquet involves a base, for example, a vase, then it should be compositionally combined with the bouquet.

It is worth additionally noting that the development of styles does not stand still and modern floristic schools in Lately strive to highlight new directions, one of which in the near future may be a transparent style.

Classification by purpose

According to their purpose as a gift, the following types of flower bouquets are distinguished:

Perhaps the most common flower arrangements are bouquets created for beautiful ladies. And no matter how old this lady is, 10 or 50, every girl, girl or woman is always pleased to receive such a gift.

Women's bouquets embody the flight of fancy of any florist, because in their composition they use both diverse materials, including unusual ones, and various shapes compilations, as well as trends.

However, despite such a variety of women's bouquets, there are some important things that should be taken into account when composing them:

  1. Female age - it is preferable to give flowers to young girls pastel colors with delicate buds, richer and brighter shades are suitable for young women; for older women, moderate colors are more suitable, where bright accents are allowed;
  2. The degree of kinship and closeness is one of the most important factors. Flowers can be intended for a mother, wife, loved one in one case, or an acquaintance, friend, colleague in another case. In the first option, the bouquet is created with special care and tenderness, therefore the flowers are selected that will convey all the important feelings and attitudes. In the second case, it is better to stop at classic versions bouquets with well-known flowers, among which the most common option is roses;
  3. A woman’s preferences - regardless of all the rules, every woman loves flowers of certain shades, for one it is yellow, for another it is lilac, for a third it is scarlet. The same applies to the form of the composition. Therefore, it is important for the florist to know about this in order to select flowers of the desired shade and make the bouquet much more pleasant.

Men, just like women, can receive a flower bouquet as a gift. But the floral composition presented to a strong representative of humanity will be strikingly different from others.

A man's bouquet of flowers is distinguished by such characteristic features as:

  1. Lack of delicate colors, preference is given to bright, rich tones, for example, scarlet, blue and purple;
  2. Using flowers that do not smell or stain clothes;
  3. The use of an elongated assembly shape, pyramidal or triangular, and no round or spherical options;
  4. Laconic textured packaging.

In this regard, not all flowers are suitable for decorating a male composition. Plants such as alstroemeria, gerberas, callas, irises and long varieties roses A good addition to them would be bamboo and holly greens.

It is also possible to add to the composition beautiful bottles with alcohol, coffee and various gift accessories.

Children's bouquets are made in the form of mini compositions. The most common types here are small bouquets, bouquets of animals or toys, for example, hares, bears, dolls, cars. Bouquets in the form of cartoon characters are also very popular.

Many flower bouquets are arranged in the form of compositions in a basket, box or bag with the addition of sweets or kinder surprises.

But the most important thing when composing such bouquets is to remember that they are intended for children, so we can highlight the following points that are important to consider when assembling:

  1. Children love bright colors;
  2. Flowers should not smell strongly so as not to cause allergies;
  3. Children love toys and sweets;
  4. The bouquet should not be heavy;
  5. The artificial materials used must be harmless.

When starting work on creating a children's bouquet, it is advisable to first draw a sketch and then bring the drawing to life.

Classification by event

There are quite a lot of events in life, but there are several special ones, which are often decorated with floral bouquet arrangements.

Making wedding bouquets is one of the most interesting creative processes for florists, because a wedding is an incredibly impressive event, in the center of which one important person shines - the bride.

And the wedding day is special when any bride wants to look perfect. And a beautiful bouquet in gentle hands will help to emphasize this ideality.

But it is worth remembering that the assembly wedding bouquet depends on the following factors:

  1. Wedding Event Colors;
  2. External type of the bride;
  3. The bride's favorite flowers;
  4. The shape of the bouquet is selected based on the style of the wedding dress;
  5. Harmony of the bride's image as a whole.

If the bouquet is poorly chosen and does not take these important factors, then the bride’s mood may deteriorate, and the entire event may not go well.

To create wedding bouquets, florists take a variety of flowers, including hydrangeas, orchids, chrysanthemums, and exotic options. But the most popular among all is undoubtedly the rose.

More than a million times this flower with a wonderful name has been added to the composition. The rose looks great both in a mono- and multi-bouquet. Therefore, choosing a rose as the basis of a wedding bouquet, a florist will never go wrong.

New Year is a bright holiday that is associated with snowy winter, magical mood and gifts under the Christmas tree. And New Year's compositions fully convey the spirit of this holiday.

Florists create New Year's bouquets not only for gifting, but also as elements for decorating the interiors of apartments, houses and offices.

When composing these winter bouquets, coniferous branches, both natural and artificial, are used as the main materials. They are decorated with candles, pine cones, Christmas tree decorations and balls, sweets and lollipops, ribbons and tinsel.

The compositions also contain some flowers and fruits. Among the flowers, preference is traditionally given to amaryllis, carnations, gerberas, red roses and the Christmas flower - poinsettia. From fruits - citrus fruits, mainly oranges and tangerines.

Massive New Year's compositions are collected in large baskets and complemented along with festive elements with candy boxes, bottles of alcohol, such as martini or champagne. Interesting floral greenery is also added to such bouquets, among which hypericum is the most popular.

Floristry masters also design other types of New Year's bouquets, the contents of which depend only on personal wishes and preferences.


An anniversary reflects an important milestone in life and is expressed as a round date in the life of a person or an important event associated with some event.

A bouquet for such an event should be original and luxurious, and symbolize a wide range of feelings, including love and respect.

If the anniversary is connected with a birthday, then the personal preferences of the birthday boy or girl being presented are taken into account. But in the absence of preferences, women choose flowers of red, white and yellow shades, such as orchids, roses, chrysanthemums and eustomas. For men, blue and blue, red and orange shades are selected.

If the celebration is associated with a significant life date, then the compositions are made in an original form, the most suitable among which would be a bouquet of a heart, a bouquet of a ship, or flowers in a hat box.

Many companies to create cozy atmosphere employee work, corporate events or to prepare meetings with partners are decorated flower bouquets their offices.

Floral arrangements in offices can be seen at conferences and seminars, round tables, presentations and negotiations.

For ordinary office events and when communicating with partners, preference is given to bouquets in strict and simple proportions of small volumes. Such bouquets are collected using a floral sponge and placed in small baskets, wooden pedestals or glass containers. The range of such bouquets can be monotonous or with small bright accents.

For festive corporate events, the compositions are colorful and elegant. They are placed in prominent places, decorating tables and important areas. Preference is given to plants with large flowers, such as anthurium, calla lilies, roses and large chrysanthemums.

Another interesting classification would be the grouping of bouquets by country.

Classification by country

Floristry as an art has been developing for a long time. Each country had its own peculiarities in the formation of bouquets, thanks to which it was possible to distinguish, for example, a Dutch bouquet with tulips from an English bouquet with roses.

Over time, the boundaries were erased, and this is how, for example, American and European bouquets appeared. But distinctive features Some countries still have bouquets.

Therefore, according to the history of floristry, the following classification by country is distinguished:

Old English traditions are displayed not only in the British lifestyle, but also in flower arrangements.

Special conditions when composing classic bouquets are:

  1. No unopened buds;
  2. Round or triangular shape, occasionally fan-shaped;
  3. Assembling bouquets only from flowers without adding various elements For decoration;
  4. The use of wild and garden flowers, among which pansies, spray carnations, lavender, peonies, primroses and roses are especially popular;
  5. Symmetrical arrangement of flowers;
  6. Low-contrast color scheme.

English Art Nouveau style bouquets differ from classic Victorian ones by deviating from the listed rules:

  1. Some asymmetry is allowed;
  2. A small number of flowers are used, which are surrounded by branches, greenery or leaves;
  3. Color contrasts and unusual combinations are possible.

In addition, it was in England that the first bouquets of dried flowers and leaves, preserved using a special technique, appeared.


Biedermeier
- a bouquet whose origins go back to German roots. It appeared a couple of centuries ago, but quickly gained popularity. Initially, it was a small, symmetrically assembled lush bouquet with a carefully selected color scheme.

A little later, the bouquet was transformed and today its main features are as follows:

  1. Rounded contour-closed shape of the assembly;
  2. Color laying in layers from top to bottom;
  3. The Biedermeier arrangement uses close placement of flower heads to each other;
  4. Adding both fresh and dried flowers;
  5. Artificial materials such as lace and ribbons, lightweight fabrics and sisal are carefully used to arrange Biedermeier designs.

In addition to artificial framing, greenery is also used, among which asparagus, mint, fern and eucalyptus are popular.

The special charm inherent in a French bouquet undoubtedly comes from its aroma. After all, the French, like no one else, know that a bouquet can attract attention not only with its external charm, but also with its aromatic content.

Therefore, the main features of the French bouquet are as follows:

  1. Usage fragrant plants and flowers, such as gardenia, jasmine or lily. A small bouquet of... spicy herbs, called Garni;
  2. Pyramidal shape of the composition;
  3. A large number of flowers in a bouquet of contrasting colors;
  4. Bouquet arrangements in old style, for example, such as Pompadour;
  5. The use of pedestals for compositions, for example, flowerpots, vases, cups, goblets, jugs.

The country of Japan is truly unique in many of its traditions. Its oriental spirit is reflected in everything the Japanese touch, including floral bouquets.

This is why a Japanese bouquet looks like a work of art. And this art is called ikebana, which in Japanese sounds like “live flowers.”

The Japanese style of bouquet arrangement conveys the natural flow of life in nature, reflecting the different seasons. And despite the apparent simplicity of the compositions, making them is not so easy.

Traditionally, ikebana is created according to certain rules, and each bouquet must not only be harmonious and proportional, but also convey movement. And for this, the compositions are given a certain volume, asymmetry and lyricism of the author’s mood, which also depends on the time of year.

So in the spring, to express expression and revive life, Japanese florists use elongated flowering plants and greens with long stems.

For blooming summer voluminous compositions are made, consisting of wide leaves, bright and lush flowers.

In autumn, which brings with it nostalgia and memories, bouquets become more sophisticated. The masters choose flowers of more muted tones, and they are combined with dried flowers, tree branches and dried leaves.

And finally, in winter, during nature’s sleep, Japanese bouquets display calmness and tranquility, and sometimes a certain gloom and icy breath. When making bouquets, preference is given not to flowers, but to coniferous and berry branches.

There are other less common classifications of bouquets, but using the presented classifications you can select a large number of master classes.

Master classes on making bouquets

On the Internet you can find an abundance of lessons on making bouquets from various classifications.

In various master classes, florists show step by step how to correctly assemble flower arrangements. The most informative of them are video lessons.

So let's look at some interesting videos for teaching floristry:

Accent- Emphasizing something. Emphasis is usually created by a small amount of material relative to the entire work and can be created by shape or color.
Accent color- contrasting opposition of a small amount of a color to a larger amount of another color to give the work special expressiveness. An example is a bouquet that is 95% made up of yellow and green leaves, and the accent is only 5% - for example, some blue element that looks like a dot of color in the bouquet. If these colors are taken in equal quantities, then the accent will not work. You should also not diffuse the accent color, as in this case the accent will be lost. The shape of a small color accent can be very different, for example, a line, a circle or any other.

Textured (structural) accent- an emphasis made using texture or surface structure. For example, if a little material with a velvety texture is placed together with a large amount of material with a metallic texture, the velvety texture will create an accent. In this case, color plays a subordinate role.

Accent shape- contrasting opposition of a small amount of some form of material to a larger amount of another form. For example, such an accent creates a round element in a composition assembled only from strict direct material and so on.

Asymmetry- arrangement order (free order). If the elements on both sides of the axis are not the same, then they speak of an asymmetric arrangement. She looks free and natural. If the work is done in a free arrangement, then it should consist of at least two unequal parts, but most often three are arranged. There are a main group, an opposite group and a neighboring group. The main group is the largest; with an asymmetrical arrangement, it is never placed in the center, but shifted to the right or left, forward or backward. The opposite group, the second largest, is placed further from the main one. The smallest, neighboring group is closer to the main one and supports it. The asymmetrical arrangement must be optically balanced. If the main group is located to the left of the geometric center, then the opposite group is placed further from it - according to the principle of leverage. The smaller the opposite group is compared to the main group, the further away it is placed. The adjacent group is located to the left of the main one. In this case, its three parts must correlate with each other. The florist creates asymmetrical works not with the help of precise calculations and rules, but intuitively, trying to give the work natural look. After all, asymmetry corresponds to the nature of the plant material and looks light and flexible. Asymmetrical arrangement is performed when you need to emphasize a joyful or cheerful reason for creating a composition. Some people turn to it when working in form-linear or vegetative styles. Light and luminous colors enhance the expressiveness of asymmetrical works.

Achromatic colors- black and white and all shades of gray in between.

Basis- the basis or starting point of floral work.

Bouquet- related flowers.

Biedermeier bouquet- a dense bouquet closed along the contour, in which the material is collected in concentric circles.

Decorative style bouquet- a bouquet with dense filling, closed or open along the contour.

Bouquet for the bride- a special floral decoration for the bride in the form of a bouquet.

Bouquet shape-linear style- the basis for creating such a bouquet is the contrast of shapes and lines.

Vegetative bouquet- related floral work mainly from cut flowers and greenery. I pay special attention individual characteristics plants, their growth form, habitat and membership in the plant community.

Vegetative style- floristry style. Works in this style look natural.

Wreath- form-work in the form of a circle with a symbolic meaning: a funeral wreath; winner's wreath; table wreath; wreath for interior decoration; pre-Christmas wreath (Advent wreath); harvest festival wreath; Easter wreath; head wreath.

Main colors- yellow - red - blue - green. Primary colors consist of three primary colors and one mixed color (green).

Decorative style- floristry style. In this style, the main thing for the florist is not to identify the characteristics of each plant, but to subordinate them to the idea of ​​​​creating a new expressive whole, when the plants, having partly lost their individuality, look new. main feature decorative style - dense filling, that is, a large number of plants located close to each other. While creating decorative work the florist should know that the result of his creativity, first of all, depends on the shape and color of the selected plants.

Decorate- decorate, decorate.

Dominant- the most important component anything.

Additional colors- colors that lie opposite each other on the color wheel. For example, red and green (opposite colors).

Laws of composition- general and special knowledge about composition and color science.
“Golden ratio” - dividing a segment into unequal parts, for example, in the ratio 3:5:8 or 1:1.6

Historical style- features of the art of any era or culture.

Composition of potted plants- floral work, which consists primarily of potted plants planted in pots, pots or vases.

Corsage (boutonniere)- small floral decoration (head decoration, dress decoration, etc.)

Material (non-plant)- main and auxiliary materials of a non-plant nature, for example, wire, ribbon, beads, etc.

Oasis (floral sponge, floral foam, piaflor)- an artificial porous material with capillary properties that absorbs moisture well and retains moisture for a long time. Flower stems are inserted into the oasis when making a floral arrangement. The main functions of the oasis are to securely hold flowers and retain moisture so that the flowers remain fresh longer.

Parallel bouquet- floristic related work from cut flowers and herbs. Most of the plant material is placed in parallel. Unlike other bouquets, the bunch (there may be more than one) also plays a decorative role.

Parallel style- floristry style.

Dense forms- dense, filled forms of plants of average value. For example, terry peony.

Portbukketnitsa- a simple technical design in which an “oasis” sponge is placed, soaked in water or a special solution. The bouquet holder allows you to keep flowers fresh longer and keep them in a given position. The plastic handle of the bouquet holder replaces the flower stems. Most often used to make a bridal bouquet.

Order- a certain arrangement of elements as the initial principle of construction.

Proportions- ratio of size and quantity. In floristry, there are equal (equal) and unequal ratios. For example, 50:50 or 30:50 (“golden ratio”).

Arrangement- a certain principle by which order is built.

1. Strict order - symmetry

2. Free order - asymmetry

Plants of dominant forms- dominants - plants of great importance, for example, Eremurus.

Plants of mass forms- plants that show their best decorative forms when collected not separately, but in a mass, for example, moss. Forms of small significance.

Plant material- all plants and parts of plants, for example leaves, flowers, stems.

Rows- in floristry, simple and rhythmic rows are distinguished. They are performed with identical or unequal elements following each other, repeated in a certain rhythm.

Free order- arrangement order (asymmetry).

Material properties- the nature of the material in terms of its texture and structure. For example, glass is transparent, but ceramics is opaque.

Binding colors- colors that optically connect other colors with each other - green and brown, as well as white and gray.

Spiral bouquet- when assembling such a bouquet, flowers are placed in a spiral around a central upright element.

Floristry style-

2. Vegetative style.

3. Shape - linear style

4. Parallel style

In addition, a large number of their variants are used in floristry. Another classification of works is possible (according to the method of creation).

Compositions with one growth point (radial):

a) decorative,

b) shape-linear,

c) vegetative

d) free

Compositions with several growth points (parallel):

a) decorative

b) graphic

c) vegetative

d) free (or objects)
Surface structure (texture)- the impression produced by the surface of plant or non-plant material. The properties of the surface also affect its color. By using materials of identical structures, you can achieve harmony of elements in the composition, and from different ones - contrast and tension.

Structural bouquet- usually done in a decorative style. The bouquet is collected so that on its surface there are areas of different heights and sizes in the form of spots, lines, etc. The main thing that is emphasized in the material is the structures and textures of surfaces. New textures and structures can be created from groups of plant elements.

Stepping- spatial distribution of identical forms with different placement in height and depth of work.

Floristry theory- a systematic presentation of the basic laws and concepts of floristry, such as arrangement order, style, etc.

Technique- methods of processing and working with plant materials.

Shape-linear- floristry style. When working in a form-linear style, it is important for the florist to achieve strong tension in combinations of shapes and lines, and the amount of material used must be kept to a minimum. In a form-linear composition, the form can be not only a ball, cube and other geometric bodies, but also the plane of a sheet. The form-linear style is characterized by an asymmetrical arrangement, but in some cases symmetry is also acceptable. When creating a composition Special attention worth paying attention to appearance plants, their characteristics.

Formation- a large number of identical parts assembled together, for example, 50 liatris placed in parallel.

Form work- one of the subforms of the decorative style. Usually these are traditional works - a wreath. Garland, Biedermeier bouquet.

Frieze- flat work in the form of a strip or ribbon, usually with a vertical ornament or some kind of figured design. The frieze is used to divide or decorate a wall.

Color- the property of light to cause a certain visual sensation in accordance with the spectral composition of the reflected or emitted radiation.

1st order colors- primary, or basic, colors. Yellow - red - blue. These are pure, unmixed colors.

2nd order colors- secondary colors. Mixed colors obtained by mixing equal parts (50%) of two primary colors. Orange - purple - green. For example, 50% yellow and 50% red produces orange.

3rd order colors- mixed colors obtained by mixing equal parts (50%) of the primary color and the 2nd order color. For example, 50% yellow and 50% orange produces a yellow-orange color. Other 3rd order colors are also obtained: red-orange, red-violet, blue-green, yellow-green.

Color harmony- create color harmony different colors, close or far apart from each other in the center circle and taken in certain quantitative ratios.

Flower science- a systematic idea of ​​color. For example. Color wheel, color star, color harmony.

color star- a star built on the basis color wheel and created by mixing its colors with the colors of the achromatic series - white and black, that is, by lightening and darkening the color.

Colour contrast- different colors or different shades of the same color, opposed to each other.

Color circle- systematic representation of colors in the form of a circle. The initial ones are three primary or four main colors.
Centrifugal force - if the body of the wreath is too thin, then outward movement appears in the wreath, out of the circle.

Sketch- preliminary image, sketch

Vegetative style.

One of the main styles. He suggests using only natural materials(moss, flowers, fruits, herbs, berries, bark, roots, mushrooms). Do not use beads, ribbons, various decorations. The vegetative composition must not be deep, round, oval or S-shape. Must reflect a certain time of year. Plants from a specific geographical area, as in nature. You should place your materials in such a way that it resembles a corner of wildlife. You can make a lake with real water, you can make a bench, that is, reproduce any corner dear to your heart. This style is considered the most natural; it is characterized by asymmetry.


Decorative style.

Florists most often work in this style. The main task of this style is to subordinate flowers and plants to a single design, and not to emphasize the individuality of each single flower. Despite the fact that plants lose their individuality, in a single composition they look impressive and beautiful. In this style, it is important to fill the entire space very tightly, that is, to place the plants close to each other. You should pay attention to the shape, size and color, as they must combine correctly and create a single whole.


Shape linear style.

When working in this style, it is important for the florist to achieve tension in lines and shapes. To make the shapes and lines clearer, a contrasting combination in shape and color is necessary. You can contrast a clear straight line with several lines in a different direction or at an angle. You can also use the static ball element.

Antique style.

Ancient floristry gave us bouquets in the form of wreaths, garlands, baskets, a cornucopia, a scepter bouquet. The tradition of scattering flowers in houses, streets, and ponds during festive ceremonies came from ancient Greece. Flowers gave not only beauty, but also aroma, and the Greeks greatly appreciated this manifestation of beauty. It was they who began to use flowers to honor their heroes and gods.

Mixed style.

In this style, all rules of construction are rejected. There is complete chaos here.