Every person wants to build their own own house, but even if there is land plot or the opportunity to purchase it relatively inexpensively, many consider this a pipe dream. But in vain!
Construction of a 3-room individual residential house on a turnkey basis for little money- it's real!!!
So, how is it possible build the most cheap house ?
The cost of building a residential building is influenced by three main indicators:
Architectural and planning solution.
The layout of the house should be compact, functional, modern and as comfortable as possible. (Save up to 20%)
Constructive solution.
The constructive solution should be simple, rational and without architectural frills. (Save up to 10%)
Material used and work.
Construction materials must be modern, and work must be high-tech. (Save up to 40%)
Project of the cheapest residential building with an increase to 6 rooms.
We propose to consider together a residential building project that will help solve the main problem - it will significantly reduce its cost during construction.
Simple constructive solution, using modern construction technologies, allows you to do a significant amount of work yourself. As they say: “It’s not the gods who burn the pots,” but even when hired workers are used, the house in question is built by a team of 2 people, which slightly increases its cost.
All of the above reduces the cost of building a house by almost half.
In addition, over time, if desired, such a house can be transformed (increased) to 4, 5 or 6 rooms, without disturbing the main functional planning solutions.
The cost of building a house directly depends on the total area, so despite the small size of the house (6 x 9 m), it contains three living rooms, and the area of the living room (in which we spend most of the time) is 25.75 sq.m.
Main principle planning solutions for all residential buildings are based on the minimum ratio of total area to useful space, while the layout must be modern and comfortable for living, in other words, maximum amenities must be extracted from the total area.
The total area of this 3 room house is only 54 sq.m.! However, the usable area, which includes all living rooms, kitchen, bathroom, hallway, is 52 m/sq.m. or 96.3% of the total area, whereas in ordinary houses and in apartments this figure fluctuates around 70%.
Yes, in this house the vestibule is combined with the hallway, but... it is warm, which is acceptable for any climatic zone of Russia.
There is not a single storage room in the house, but personal plot Over time, you will have a garage, utility room. building or sauna, which will fill this gap.
A combined bathroom for apartments is undesirable, however, in a private house it is possible, because... at household buildings you will also have a bathroom
The project of such a residential building is discussed in more detail in this article. There you can also download for free the project of a residential building, or rather its planning and architectural solutions.
A simple design solution for the house allows you to further reduce construction costs.
Exterior of the cheapest house - option No. 1
Exterior view of the cheapest house with the option of transformation (increasing the area)
Exterior of the cheapest house - option No. 2
Exterior view of the cheapest house with transformation option - option No. 2
Everyone knows that the “lion’s share” of the cost of building a house is the cost of work (approximately 50%), so it is necessary to use modern high-tech materials. Why?
This will allow you to perform almost 90% of the work yourself (since all new technologies are designed for the average person) and save a significant portion of money.
Moreover, you can spend money (on building materials) as it arrives. But if they are available or you managed to take out a loan, then you can build this house yourself (you and an assistant).
Of course, when performing some types of work you cannot do without specialists, but as already mentioned, this will be approximately 10%.
TOTAL: 315,000 rub. Taking into account unforeseen costs (10% of the total amount), the total cost of construction materials is 347000 R.
IMPORTANT! The above prices for the construction of a residential building were calculated in 2010 and are not relevant today. The information provided will be updated shortly.
Total 32 working days.
Taking into account unforeseen work, the construction time is 1.5 months.
Total: the total cost of building the cheapest house will be equal to 350 rubles.
But even if you use a fully hired workforce, the cost of the house will increase slightly, i.e. exactly one and a half months' salary for 2 workers, which in the end will be much lower than the cost of a similar 3-room apartment.
Make yourself respected - make your dream come true!
IMPORTANT!
This material posted on the website for informational purposes only.
The design organization is not engaged in the construction of residential buildings.
Who doesn't dream of their own cozy home In the countryside. Many people move from desires to actions and begin planning construction. What prevents others from doing this? First of all, the high cost of building a house is frightening. After all, you want to build a permanent building that will serve without problems for many years, and will still be left to your grandchildren.
Capital construction is also required by the climate in our country. And if you also take into account the cost of the land plot and the installation of all communications, then you simply give up. But there is a way out!
You can build a house cheaply. At the same time, it will look very presentable and modern. In reality, it is enough to spend no more than half a million rubles to get a spacious turnkey house.
You just need to consider what factors influence the cost of construction:
Choosing modern materials allows you to reduce construction costs, because they are easier to work with. Many manipulations can be done with your own hands. In addition, they have high quality characteristics.
The time to build a house can also be reduced by using the latest developments in the field of building materials. As a result, construction will take up to 3 months.
There are a number of building materials that meet the requirements for building quality and can satisfy almost any customer needs.
The most commonly used materials for the construction of private houses are the following:
First of all, you need to decide how the house will be used:
A house made of wood is preferred by people for whom the environmental component is important. Wood, as a natural material, allows you to relax and promotes good rest. It maintains a comfortable atmosphere in the house at any time of the year.
1. Choosing a stone house is more practical. The main reasons for this choice are as follows:
2. You can choose a combined house when two types of materials are used. It combines the practicality of stone and the comfort of wood. As a rule, the first floor is built of stone, and the second is made of wood.
3. Construction costs wooden house can be reduced by choosing a lighter foundation. In addition, there is the possibility of log house do not carry out interior finishing, which will also reduce costs. This is despite the fact that this material is quite expensive.
The cost of constructing wooden houses depends on the choice of wall material, the planned use, the size of the building and varies from 300,000 to 1,000,000 rubles.
4. Cost of houses from warm ceramics very high. These are complex buildings with large wall thicknesses - up to 50 centimeters. This material has very high quality characteristics, but it is possible to build a house from warm ceramics only in warm time of the year.
5. A monolithic house with permanent formwork will cost less. Construction time is short, a heavy foundation is not needed, wall materials are inexpensive, but have good thermal conductivity.
6. Monolithic walls made of polystyrene foam are durable and reliable, resistant to destruction. But they require expensive interior and exterior finishing. It is possible to build a monolithic a private house middle price category.
7. A house made of gas silicate blocks has good frost resistance, vapor permeability, and lasts a long time. The cost of the material is low, but the work is expensive. It requires the construction of a complex foundation. In addition, work can only be carried out in warm weather.
It should be noted that the cost of building a brick house compared to wooden buildings. In addition, there is no point in building such a house for temporary residence. This is due to the fact that it needs to be constantly heated.
The costs of building a brick house increase due to the fact that a capital foundation is required. Should do right choice design brick cottage so that it looks appropriate and aesthetically pleasing.
The brick house has a number of attractive features.
According to consumer reviews, positive characteristics There are many more houses made of foam blocks.
The advantages of this material include the following:
The disadvantages of foam blocks include:
Everyone makes their own choice of material. In order to make a choice, you can ask friends who have houses made of the materials of interest. It is possible to read reviews on construction forums.
Expanded clay is a durable material that holds heat better than its analogues. For example, cinder concrete walls will need to be made thicker.
The dream of owning a home is often shattered by the financial capabilities of a person and his family, since the construction process and the cost of materials are beyond the means of many. But modern builders claim that everything is not so dire, and it’s quite possible to build your own home. real challenge. We’ll look at which house is cheaper to build in this article.
It is important to understand for what purpose you want to acquire a country house: for permanent year-round living or to stay in it only during the summer season. The following factors completely depend on this:
Which house is cheaper to build? If it is a country house, there is no need to arrange rooms for each family member; common areas with sleeping places, a kitchen, and a bathroom are enough. If you want to build a house for permanent year-round living, it requires heating systems and walls made of more reliable and functional material that will prevent the premises from freezing in the winter.
In order to build a house yourself cheaply, without once again resorting to the services of professionals, it is important to correctly develop future site plans and think through how the work will be carried out.
An affordable cottage should have a compact layout. The main principle is the maximum combination of general and usable area. How to achieve this?
1) Combine the hallway and vestibule, make the room insulated. This is an excellent solution because they carry the same functional load.
The thickness of the panel is calculated taking into account all temperature influences in the middle zone and north; no additional thermal protection is required. For clarity: a 120 mm slab is equivalent in terms of heat retention to a brick structure with a cross section of 2.5 meters.
The disadvantages of the element include the inability to pass air and accumulate moisture with polystyrene foam. However, when protected with OSB boards and external cladding, this practically does not happen.
When it comes to the question of what is cheaper to build a house from, sip panels definitely win.
The average cost of 1 slab 2500x1250x174 mm is about 3000 rubles. (on average - 1200-1300 rubles/m2). It's much more accessible than the most famous one traditional material- trees, accordingly, can be built frame house cheap.
We must not forget that the cost of erecting such a structure, in addition to sip panels, includes the cost of the skeleton itself, which can be made of metal or wooden beams. Obviously, using the latter is more profitable - natural raw materials are more accessible and easier to install.
You can build a frame house cheaply on a turnkey basis in many companies that provide this service. The price of a small two-story cottage with a terrace is about 1,000,000 rubles. If you neglect the services of professionals, you can save up to 30-40% of this cost. True, the timing will not be the same...
Finally, the most important point of saving is work without the participation of professionals. How to cheaply build a house with your own hands? Let us consider in order in general terms using the example of a frame structure.
The first step is to decide on the materials. We've looked at what you can use to build a cheap house, so choose one that suits your budget. The most affordable type of building is a frame structure with sip panels, so determine the required number of slabs and the volume of beams for the frame according to the previously drawn up layout diagrams and types of structures.
The correct choice of the type and material of the foundation is the first stage of the algorithm on how to build a house cheaply. The price of the foundation is about 20-30% of the total cost of the entire house.
There is no need to build a massive foundation for a frame house: as already mentioned, the mass of the entire structure is about 15 tons (and in the case of an economical layout, even less: 8-10 tons). The best and cheapest option is to install columnar foundation. It can be installed either independently or with the help of professionals. For concreting, it is enough to use a solution of grade M200-M250.
To build a house yourself cheaply, you will have to try and do the most intensive part of the work yourself - installing the frame.
For the bottom trim, take beams with a cross-section of 150x50 mm and lay them on edge on the surface of the finished foundation, covered with roofing felt. In the corners they are connected with 100-120 mm screws, and they must be attached to the base itself using anchors or large self-tapping screws. Middle and outer trim boards are attached to the inner beams. You can use the method of cutting down the ends of the boards, then they are mounted end-to-end.
Then they level the surface of the resulting level, use a jigsaw to make recesses for the floor joists and install them.
TO inside The bottom trim is fixed with 50x50 mm bars - the floor boards will be attached to them.
Next, vertical posts are installed: notches are made on the outside of the frame and the timber is secured with the same self-tapping screws. Along the perimeter, the step between them is from 1 to 1.2 meters - this makes it easier for an inexperienced assembler to connect all the components together and not make a mistake.
Fastening top harness similar to the bottom one, installation is carried out using metal corners.
You can often see cross boards between vertical posts. They are installed to strengthen the structure over large spans or difficult decisions, for an economy house this is not so relevant, we can do without them. But the slopes at the top and base of the rack can be installed.
When the frame is ready, you can cover it with the panels themselves.
Thus, you can build a frame house cheaply. The prices for materials are not too high, and you will do the work yourself.
To prevent the stingy from paying twice, it is necessary to carefully isolate external walls from influences environment, capable of soaking or destroying the structure of the sip panel. Plastering can be used as a budget finishing option, but the surface must first be covered with polystyrene foam. The price of 1 m 2 of such cladding is about 700-900 rubles.
It is also good to use vinyl or PVC siding. Perhaps this is the most cheap way- about 400 rub. behind square meter.
Finishing with decorative slabs or artificial stone will cost 900-1200 rubles/m2. This kind of cladding frame houses is rare: many believe that sip panels are not able to withstand this load, but this is a misconception.
The most expensive, but the most reliable and durable look facing - brick.
We looked at how to cheaply build a house with your own hands. Everything is much simpler than it seemed.
We've found the cheapest way to build your own cottage. There is nothing complicated in this process, the main thing is to start. Then you are for comparatively a short time you can build a frame house cheaply. Prices per square meter of such housing can vary, on average they range from 11,000 to 15,000 rubles, which is very cheap compared to other types of real estate.
Many criticize this type of house, believing that the material is short-lived and impractical. We looked at some properties of sip panels; they are more effective than other materials in some properties. Every material has its weaknesses, and concrete can also be criticized.
Residents of America know first-hand what material is cheaper to build a house from. This type of housing is widespread on the continent in the northern regions, which clearly demonstrates its ability to withstand both temperature changes and the effects of precipitation. Hence the name - "Canadian House".
Don't limit yourself in making your dream of your home come true! There is always a solution.
The construction of a country house is a multi-stage process that involves the coordinated work of craftsmen from various disciplines, from architects to finishing craftsmen. The final result depends on the quality of each stage of work and the selected materials. But the question often arises: how to build a house cheaply and quickly yourself, and is this possible?
Contrary to popular belief, building a country house can cost a small amount of money. To do this, it is enough to competently approach each of the stages of construction, reducing its cost without losing quality. Let's try to figure out how to build a house cheaply, what you can save on, and what you absolutely cannot, in our article.
Each element of a country house can be reduced in price Source coolhouses.ru
Usually, finished projects have complex layouts and are expensive to implement. The final result looks good in the picture, but they do not solve the main problem: how to build a house yourself cheaply, because many additional architectural structures will cost a considerable amount of money.
Affordable architectural projects characterized by:
How simpler box at home, the more reliable and cheaper it is Source kz-news.info
Traditional window shape. As a rule, rectangular double-hung windows are much less expensive than any custom modifications.
Laconic interior decoration. The most budget-friendly and functional construction option is a house in Scandinavian style with a minimum of intricate decorative elements.
Easy to implement exterior decoration. For example, finishing a façade with plaster is a durable and aesthetic method of decoration that does not require lengthy and expensive construction work.
The type and depth of the foundation are determined by the final weight of the house, the quality of the soil, and the proximity of the reservoir. Foundation costs account for an average of 40% of the cost of all work. It is generally accepted that it is impossible to save on the foundation and it is really stupid to dispute this statement. But, nevertheless, there are ways to build a house inexpensively, without losing quality, and saving on the foundation. True, in this case you need to know exactly what kind of soil is on the site, and for this you will have to order geological exploration. Based on its results, the following options can be considered:
If most often for country houses a strip foundation is used, laid to the depth of soil freezing, then in some cases you can get by with its shallow variety. As a rule, such a structure “sits” 0.5-0.7 meters into the ground, which significantly reduces the amount of concrete required for pouring.
Traditional strip foundation for suburban construction Source sazhaemvsadu.ru
Also, in addition to the characteristics of the soil, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the future house and the topography of the site. If the design allows you to install the house on a pile foundation, then this will significantly reduce the burden on the budget.
A compromise option is a pile-grillage foundation. This combines technologies for laying shallow and pile foundations. First, a shallow foundation is dug, and then holes are dug or drilled at support points to the depth of freezing of the soil. After installing the formwork, everything is poured with concrete and the result is a shallow foundation, which support pillars stands below the freezing point of the soil.
In some cases, it is possible not to pour the foundation, but to lay it out of ready-made reinforced concrete slabs.
Additional savings may include not ordering concrete from a factory, but it must be taken into account that preparing it yourself in a concrete mixer will take an order of magnitude more time and effort. As a result, everyone must decide for themselves what is more important – time or money.
We must always remember that all methods of saving on the foundation must be carefully calculated and approved by specialists. Otherwise, there is a risk of confirming the proverb about the miser who pays twice.
Pile and pile-grillage foundations Source assz.ru
Largest quantity building material is spent on the construction of walls, so you should carefully choose what is cheaper to build a house from.
A brick house is the most durable, reliable option construction. Properly made buildings made of this material last for hundreds of years, without requiring any repairs or maintenance of the facades. Brick wall It is environmentally friendly, creates good air exchange and is not susceptible to moisture, fire and temperature changes. Main disadvantage brick is its heavy weight, which requires the construction of a strong and expensive foundation. Next feature brick building - the need for careful thermal insulation of the house, especially in harsh northern climatic conditions.
Modern wooden dwellings are made from laminated veneer lumber, which consists of small dried blocks glued together. This material provides good thermal insulation, quick to install, and also creates favorable microclimate in room. The disadvantage of the material is its susceptibility to moisture and fire. Therefore, it is necessary to thoughtfully design electrical and heating systems. In addition, after several years of operation, walls made of laminated veneer lumber may require additional impregnation with antiseptic compounds.
House made of laminated veneer lumber with two floors and a small terrace Source market.sakh.com
Frame houses are structures assembled from ready-made insulated blocks. Construction takes a minimum amount of time, but at the same time requires significant financial costs. The main advantage of the technology is the absence of shrinkage of the finished structure, therefore Finishing work carried out immediately after the construction of the walls. The disadvantage of constructing a frame is the complexity technological process. Thus, it is necessary to pay for the services of qualified builders in order to ultimately get reliable design. When building a spacious house, the design of an air exchange system is also necessary, since artificial materials blocks do not allow air to pass through well.
Classic frame house - strict and original architecture Source chrome-effect.ru
A building made of aerated concrete blocks weighs significantly less than a brick one, while its thermal insulation properties are similar. The porous material allows air to pass through well, provides sound insulation, is easy to install, and does not shrink. Thus, budget houses They are built from aerated blocks quite quickly, a good microclimate is formed inside the premises, and no additional ventilation is required. On the other hand, blocks also allow water to pass through well, so high-quality waterproofing– the main condition for a durable aerated concrete structure. For durable construction, it is also necessary to select a qualified work team to build the house in compliance with the technology of fastening and waterproofing the blocks. Otherwise, the structure may be easily blown out or have a high level of humidity.
Visually about the pros and cons of aerated concrete in the video:
Pricing when building a house depends not only on the materials chosen, but also on the condition of the soil, necessary costs to ensure thermal insulation, as well as the level of qualifications of the team involved in the construction of the building.
For example, the construction of a brick building will cost an average of 2,300 rubles per square meter, but this does not take into account the costs of thermal insulation and the construction of a reliable foundation.
Houses made of laminated veneer lumber will cost 1,900 rubles per meter finished design, while the quality of wood and communications is decisive.
The most affordable option is frame houses, the cost of which is 875 rubles per meter of finished housing. But if there is no desire or opportunity to build a house yourself, then you will need to hire a qualified team of builders, whose services are quite expensive.
Buildings made of aerated concrete will cost customers 2,000 rubles per square meter, and it is necessary to use special adhesives to create a durable structure that is resistant to moisture. Also, the porous material of aerated blocks requires careful waterproofing.
Pricing depends on many factors Source makemone.ru
The most affordable price is gable roof without wide gables and additional decorative elements. The structure is installed on wooden beams and supplemented with metal rods (reinforcement) for strengthening. On the basis of an insulated roof, full-fledged attics or attic spaces are constructed.
To cover outer surface roofs use slate, metal tiles or corrugated sheets. The last material is the best option for roofing due to its low cost, lightness and strength. The only drawback of corrugated sheeting is the need for thorough sound insulation in order to protect the residents of the house from the noise of rain and similar sounds. Classic slate is expensive to operate and not an environmentally friendly material; in addition, it requires lengthy installation. Aesthetic durable metal tiles – a good option to create a roof, but such material will require significant financial investments from the owners.
A simple roof design is the key to saving money on construction Source pinterest.com
Many owners are thinking about reducing their construction budget. The desire to save money is reasonable, and the calculation is obvious: you can purchase middle-class materials, since a roof made of corrugated sheets, slate or metal tiles will reliably protect inner space. The truth is that high-quality materials are the key to the reliability of the design, and the result of such a strategy is unplanned expenses.
For example, to ensure the economic benefits of using a high-quality membrane, it is enough to conduct a comparative analysis using the example of a house with a classic pitched roof with an area of 150 m2. For such an area you will need 3 rolls of hydro-windproof membrane. The cost of material from various manufacturers will be:
| Tyvek® Soft, DuPont™, Luxembourg |
Izospan AM (“Gexa”), Russia |
DELTA ROOF, Germany |
Yutafol N110 (JUTA), Czech |
|
| Price/roll, per roll | 7000 rub., 75 m2 |
From 2700 rub., 70 m2 |
From 7000 rub., 75 m2 |
From 3800 rub., 75 m2 |
| Total price | 21000 rub. | 10500 rub. | From 21,000 rub. | From 11,400 rub. |
If we take into account only financial side question, then the choice is obvious. But the primary task of the diffusion membrane is to preserve the properties of the insulation and under-roof structures. The vapor permeability of non-woven fabric (the ability to release steam in a timely manner) not only protects the underlying layers. It directly affects the likelihood that major repairs to the roof structure will have to be made within the first ten years.
Analysis of the two tables shows that the materials have different price/permeability ratios, respectively: 12-13.1-50.6-12.7. The lower the coefficient, the less likely it is to carry out overhaul during the first 5-10 years of roof operation (in worst cases, the probability increases to 60-79%.).
Based on the totality of their characteristics, the highest quality products considered were Tyvek and Yutafol. In addition, Tyvek® membranes from DuPont, which meet all the requirements of SNIP and SP, are the only ones that have a manufacturer’s warranty for 10 years, which means they will not cause repairs during this period.
Dismantling the vapor barrier can be done in two ways. The first, most financially intensive, is replacement with outside roofing of the house (in fact, a complete overhaul); it includes:
Dismantling roofing . From 100 rub./m2 (depending on the material).
Dismantling the insulation. From 45 rub./m2.
Replacing a damaged membrane. From 50 rub./m2.
Garbage removal. 1.5 t - from 2800 rub.
Installation of new insulation. From 60 rub./m2.
Installation of a new roofing material . Slate - from 180 rub./m2, soft tiles - from 380 rub./m2.
The cost of work will be comparable to twice the cost new roof; In most cases, it is easier to tear down the old roofing pie and replace the entire roof.
The cost of replacing the diffusion membrane using the second method, from inside the house, consists of the following operations:
Removing the ceiling trim(attic, attic, etc.). Wallpaper, plaster - from 70 rub./m2.
Dismantling of floors. From 450 rub./m2.
Replacing the membrane itself. From 50 rub./m2.
Garbage removal. From 360 rub./m3.
Installation of new floors and partitions. From 270 rub./m2.
Installation and finishing of new interior trim(ceiling repair). From 250 rub./m2.
This option is less expensive, but in this case the new membrane will not be installed using the same technology. Violation of SNIP and SP norms means improper operation, and, as a result, another repair ahead of schedule. As a result, short-term savings of a maximum of 10 thousand rubles. the difference in prices of different membranes will result in significant financial expenses and loss of time. Thus, purchasing quality materials allows you not only to protect your home, but also to avoid unplanned expenses.
The construction of a budget home involves the use of thin plasterboard partitions, as well as soundproofing materials. Such walls are quickly installed, look aesthetically pleasing, but do not provide additional strength to the structure.
For owners of plots with silty soil near water bodies or on hilly areas, it is recommended to build internal load-bearing walls. Thus, the structure will be more stable and, when choosing a buried foundation, will not succumb to adverse influences (for example, soil displacement).
Internal partitions made of any materials can be easily strengthened using metal profiles installed in places with the greatest load on the walls.
Experience shows that there are moments in the construction of a house where it is absolutely not worth saving, but there are nuances where you can not only save, but rationally spend the budget (which is a kind of reasonable saving).
The most affordable and durable option is metal-plastic windows. Ready-made or custom-made, such structures can be of any size and modification, perfectly adapted to harsh conditions. climatic conditions, look aesthetically pleasing. The main advantage of PVC windows is ease of installation and maintenance. Unlike expensive wooden windows, metal-plastic windows do not require periodic restoration and are less susceptible to moisture and temperature changes. Modern designs are equipped with several tilt-and-turn structures to provide ongoing ventilation.
Classic double glazing in country house– reliable and inexpensive Source okna-odintsovo.ru
Contrary to popular belief, even the cheapest house functions well if its utilities work properly. On the other hand, budget options for installing electrical and water supply networks lead to additional costs in the future. For example, cheap wires, as well as junction boxes with poor insulation coating in wooden house can lead to fire and the need to restore the entire structure. Plumbing systems installed without compliance with the technology may be destroyed under the influence of harsh weather conditions, which will affect not only the comfort of the owners, but also future repair costs.
Installation engineering communications– this is the basis comfortable life in a suburban home, so the ability to save on this aspect should be confirmed by careful calculations. This stage work should only be entrusted to professionals to avoid extra costs, as well as unpleasant situations during operation.
A good way to save money is to choose a laconic, simple interior decoration of a country house. A wide variety finishing materials will allow you to arrange cozy rooms at minimal cost. To save money, it is recommended to choose a laconic interior style with a minimum number of decorative elements.
A laconic interior means a minimum cost Decoration Materials Source pinterest.com
Popular furniture made from natural materials looks aesthetically pleasing, but will cost more composite materials and also requires careful care.
When thinking about how to save on building a house, you should not forget about the guarantee of its quality. Professional supervision of a technical engineer over the construction process is a guarantee of compliance with the technology of all work, so you should not skimp on these procedures.
Attractive finished projects of country houses are a beautiful picture, which can turn into impractical, expensive housing to operate. It is recommended to save on external decorative elements and order a house project with simple and clear architecture.
The foundation and communications are the “skeleton” of a durable home in which you will live comfortably, so it is worth spending the maximum amount of money on these aspects in order to use the services of professionals with many years of experience.
Finishing materials and additional lighting inside the house are more decorative than functional elements. Therefore, it is possible to reduce costs to a minimum using the principle of sufficiency.
Is it worth ordering technical supervision for construction? This question interests almost everyone who builds a house, makes repairs, etc. Today we will look at how to control construction company? What should you pay attention to? Where can I find independent technical supervision and what is the essence of this service? Let’s also consider how much technical supervision will cost you and what are the advantages of this service?
Construction of a country house for permanent residence involves a consistent, thoughtful approach to all aspects of construction. In general, the answer to the question of how to build a house inexpensively, and which house is cheaper to build, will be the competent allocation of the budget and the use of the services of professionals, where possible, to select materials and carry out work. We must always remember that illiterate savings here and now often manifest themselves in a negative way during the further use of the house.
The external walls of a private house must be:
Loads act on the wall of a house in several directions. Active forces tend to compress, move sideways and rotate the wall.
Compressive loads- these are vertical forces from the weight of the wall and the underlying structures of the house. These forces tend to crush and flatten the wall material.
Low-rise private houses are relatively light in weight. Wall materials, as a rule, have a fairly large margin of compressive strength, which allows them withstand vertical loads of a private house even with.
Horizontal loads and torques act as a result, for example, of lateral wind pressure on a house or soil pressure on a basement wall, due to the ceiling resting on the edge of the wall, due to the deviation of the walls from the vertical and other reasons. These forces tend to move the wall or part of the wall from its position.
The general rule for walls is the thinner the wall, the worse it is she endures lateral loads and turning points. If the wall cannot withstand the specified loads, then it bends, cracks or even breaks.
It is the small margin of resistance to displacement that is the weak point in ensuring the strength of the walls of a private house. The magnitude of the compressive strength of most wall materials allows you to make a fairly thin wall for a private house, but it is necessary to ensure the stability of the walls against displacement, often forces designers to increase the thickness of walls.
The resistance of walls to lateral loads is significantly influenced by the design of the walls and the house as a whole. For example, reinforcement of masonry, installation of a monolithic belt on the walls at the floor level, strong connections of external and interior walls among themselves, as well as with floors and foundations, create the strength frame of a building that holds the walls together and resists the displacement deformations of the walls.
In order to ensure the necessary strength and durability of a private house at reasonable construction costs, it is necessary to choose the right material and design of the walls, as well as the design of the load-bearing frame of the house, It is best to entrust this choice to specialists - designers.
Projects of private houses with walls made of masonry materials are available for sale. with a masonry thickness of only 180 - 250 mm. . Thickness can be 100 - 200 mm.
In order for a person in the house to feel thermal comfort, Three conditions must be met:
The first condition is the air temperature in the room should be about +22 o C. To fulfill this condition, it is enough to install a boiler or stove in the house required power and drown them.
The surface temperature of the external walls in the house is always lower than the air temperature in the room. According to the requirements of sanitary and hygienic rules, the temperature difference between the air and the surface of the outer wall in the house should be no more than 4 o C - this is the second condition.
At the specified temperature difference, the surface of the outer wall in the house will be quite warm (+18 o C). There will be no “cold breath” from the wall; condensation or frost will not appear on the surface of the wall.
To fulfill the second condition, the outer wall of the house must have certain thermal properties. The heat transfer resistance of the outer wall must be higher than the calculated value, m 2 * o C/W. For example, for the Sochi region this value should be more than 0.66, for Moscow - 1.38, and for Yakutsk at least - 2.13.
For example, an external wall made of autoclaved aerated concrete (gas silicate) will be warm and provide thermal comfort in the house, with a thickness in Sochi - 90 mm, in Moscow - 210 mm., and in Yakutsk - 300 mm.
Third condition- the enclosing structures of the house must have. If the “clothes” of the house are blown by the wind, then there will be no heat, no matter how thick the insulation is. Everyone knows this from their own experience.
External walls with the above parameters will be warm and provide thermal comfort in the house, but they will not be energy efficient. Heat losses through the walls will significantly exceed the building standards in force in Russia.
In order to comply with energy conservation regulations, The heat transfer resistance of external walls should be several times higher. For example, for the Sochi region - no less than 1.74 m 2 * o C/W, for Moscow - 3.13 m 2 * o C/W, and for Yakutsk - 5.04 m 2 * o C/W.
Thickness of energy-saving walls from autoclaved aerated concrete (gas silicate) there will also be more: for the Sochi region - 270 mm., for the Moscow region - 510 mm. for Yakutia - 730 mm.
Aerated concrete (gas silicate) is the warmest material for masonry walls. The thickness of energy-saving walls made of more thermally conductive materials (brick, concrete blocks) should be even greater. (The figure above shows the heat transfer resistance of a brick wall with a thickness of 2.5 bricks (640 mm.) = 0.79 and one brick (250 mm) = 0,31 m2* o C/W. Compare with the values given in the examples and evaluate in which regions such walls will provide thermal comfort?)
Wooden walls made of timber or logs also do not meet energy saving requirements.
It should be noted that to comply with the requirements of building regulations for the heat transfer resistance of walls and other enclosing structures of the house not necessary for a private developer.
It is more important for the home owner to reduce overall heating costs.
It can be beneficial to sacrifice the energy-saving properties of walls, but increase the heat-saving parameters of ceilings, windows, and ventilation systems in order to meet the energy consumption standards for heating.
Heat loss through walls accounts for only 20 - 30% of the total heat loss in the house.
We must not forget about one more condition of an energy-saving house. The house must have a minimum- walls, ceilings, windows.
From the above data it is clear that wall materials allow you to build strong, thin and fairly cheap walls private house. But such walls will not provide thermal comfort in the house or have the required energy-saving properties.
Technologies for constructing walls of a private house are developing in two main directions:
It should be noted that wall materials for single-layer walls have mediocre both mechanical and thermal properties. We have to improve them with various design tweaks.
A combination of these two technologies is also used when walls made of cellular and porous materials provide additional insulation layer of highly effective insulation. This combination allows make wall masonry and a thin layer of insulation. This can be beneficial for structural reasons, especially when building a house in a cold climate.
Not so long ago, almost all private houses were built with single-layer walls. The thickness of the walls of the house was chosen based on the conditions for ensuring thermal comfort and thought little about energy conservation.
Currently, for the construction of single-layer walls, materials with sufficiently high thermal insulation properties are used, to make the house energy efficient.
What is the best material to make a single-layer wall of a house from? All materials for single-layer walls have a porous structure and low density 300 - 600 kg/m 3. As the density decreases, the heat-saving properties improve, but the mechanical strength of materials decreases.
There are several types of cellular concrete, which differ in the way they create pores (cells). The best properties for the construction of single-layer external walls of a house have density (grade) 300-500 kg/m3.
Aerated concrete blocks can have precise dimensions, which allows them to be laid on glue with a seam thickness of 2 mm. The ends of the blocks often have a tongue-and-groove profile and are joined without mortar in a vertical seam.
Aerated concrete has an open porous structure and therefore absorbs moisture well, but also dissolves easily.
Porous ceramics It is made from raw materials and in a way that is similar to the production of ordinary ceramic bricks. The difference is that components are added to the clay-based mass, which form pores when fired.
Hollow blocks are made from porous ceramics. The hollowness further enhances the heat-saving properties of block walls.
The thickness of the masonry of single-layer walls made of porous ceramic blocks is 38 - 50 cm. Porous ceramic blocks are laid using a special heat-saving mortar with a seam thickness of 10-15 mm.
As a rule, the exterior decoration of single-layer walls is. Cladding slabs made of natural stone or artificial products can be glued to the walls. Finishing using the ventilated facade method (cladding over lathing) is used very rarely.
Plastering of walls made of porous ceramics or expanded clay concrete from the outside is carried out using a traditional plaster composition with a thickness of about 2 cm. In addition to plastering, it can be done in other ways (see link).
The inside of the walls is plastered or...
It is faster to build a house with single-layer walls. In a new house with single-layer walls you can start living without waiting for the facade to be finished. This work can be left for later.
For installing a wall with insulation Almost any masonry material can be used— ceramic and silicate bricks, blocks made of cellular and lightweight concrete, as well as porous ceramics.
The load-bearing layer of a two-layer wall can also be make from monolithic concrete or wood- timber, logs. The choice of material is much more varied compared to single-layer walls.
For the construction of walls with insulation materials with higher mechanical strength and density are used than for single-layer walls. This circumstance makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the masonry of double-layer walls.
Wall masonry thickness from 180 mm. - depends on the properties of the materials used, on the design of the walls and frame of the house.
Walls are most often laid using ordinary masonry mortar, filling horizontal and vertical joints with mortar. The work is simpler and does not require any special qualifications from masons.
The mechanical strength of the wall material is, as a rule, sufficient for problem-free fastening of various structures to walls.
The thermal insulation properties of a wall depend mainly on the thermal conductivity and thickness of the insulation layer.
A layer of thermal insulation is placed outside ( double layer wall) or inside the wall, closer to the outer surface ( three-layer wall).
As thermal insulation, slabs of mineral wool or polymers - polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam - are most often used. Less commonly used thermal insulation slabs made of cellular concrete and foam glass, although they have a number of advantages.
Mineral wool slabs for wall insulation must have a density of at least 60-80 kg/m3. If used for finishing the facade, then use mineral wool slabs with a density of 125-180 kg/m 3 or slabs of extruded polystyrene foam.
Mineral wool insulation is plastered with a vapor-permeable composition - mineral or silicate plaster.
Insulating a façade with mineral wool usually costs more and it is more difficult to work with. But a layer of wool insulation allows moisture to escape from the wall to the outside.
A continuous layer of thermal insulation on the outside allows block all cold bridges in double-layer walls without the use of special constructive tricks that have to be done in single-layer walls.
General thickness of two-layer walls (with plaster from 35 cm.) usually turns out less than a single-layer wall.
The width of the foundation walls (basement) is also smaller, which allows save on their construction. This advantage does not apply to three-layer walls. The width of three-layer walls and their foundations is usually no less than that of single-layer ones.
Exterior finishing of double-layer walls is carried out thin-layer plaster over insulation. Insulation boards, preferably made of extruded polystyrene foam, are glued to the wall. The thickness of the insulation layer is not recommended to be more than 150 mm. A layer of plaster 5-7 thick is applied to the insulation mm.
Wall surface with thin layer plaster more sensitive to point mechanical influences than a single-layer wall with traditional plaster.
For double-layer walls often use ventilated cladding on the frame. In a ventilated façade, mineral wool insulation slabs are placed between the frame posts. The frame is covered with cladding made of vinyl or plinth siding, wooden materials, or various slabs.
Attaching insulation to the walls, installing a ventilated facade - all this work consists of many stages and operations and requires skill, accuracy and responsibility from the performers. A variety of materials are used for work.
When constructing double-layer walls in There is a great risk that employees will do something wrong.
In three-layer walls a layer of highly effective insulation is placed inside the masonry or wall monolith. Three-layer walls also include walls with an insulation layer facing with brick or other masonry materials.
For the construction of three-layer walls, single-row masonry made of (insulated walls, silica granite, polyblock) is also used. Thermal blocks have three layers of concrete-insulation-concrete bonded together.
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