Aerated concrete is a modern energy-saving material for the construction of summer houses, houses and cottages. These are lightweight slabs for building walls that can crack from excessive pressure. It is for this reason that wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete - best way with the least load. The only disadvantage of this material is its low strength.
There is no need to install bulky and heavy reinforced concrete reinforcement if aerated concrete house perform exactly according to . After all, wooden floors are distinguished by their lightness and ease of installation.
The advantages of wooden floors include:
Important!
When installing ceilings on the first floor, attic, basement or underground, it is necessary to treat wooden elements with anti-flammable and moisture-repellent agents. This will help avoid the occurrence of fungus and mold, and will also reduce the possibility of flammability of the floors.
The disadvantages include:
Wooden floors are laid on load-bearing beams. They are usually made from glued or solid timber.
There are three types of floors:
Beam floors can consist of beams on which a subfloor is laid, then insulation and decorative flooring materials.
Ribbed ones are rarely used. This type of flooring is used if the house is built from wooden frame. Distinctive feature is the frequent laying of ribs and sheathing. Acceptable is 0.3 – 0.5 m. Acceptable sizes ribs: up to 5 m length, up to 0.3 m width. The floors are sheathed using OSB boards, chipboard or plywood. Mineral wool is used as sound insulation.
Beam-ribbed floors consist of beams and ribs. IN in this case, the ribs are laid on the beams. Number of bars in this method much less will be required. Wood consumption is reduced, but installation becomes more complicated.
The crossbars are installed at the construction stage, simultaneously with the construction of the walls.
The height and cross-section of the beam for the ceiling depend on:
Important!
For a span of 5 m in length, a beam measuring 18*10cm or 20*7.5cm is used. Such beams are laid every 60 cm. Under increased loads, such a section can cause deflection. Therefore, you should increase the frequency of laying beams, but do not overload the structure.
Installation of crossbars into the wall is sealed to 12 cm. The end of the beam, which is attached to the wall, must be treated with waterproofing. Air space must be left around the beam. To prevent the crossbar from sitting too rigidly, its end is cut down at a slope of 70 degrees. Mounted under the timber wooden spacers 2 cm thick for even weight distribution. When wood comes into contact with various materials being laid waterproofing layer from:
The crossbar is extended in the form of a lock. Two bars are connected with an overlap of 50-100 cm and fastened with bolts. It is very important to make the joints above the support.
Then the structure is supplemented with heat and sound insulation. The insulating layer must adhere closely to the ceilings. Therefore, a roll is made in their lower part to secure the cranial bars with a cross section of 5*5cm. The bottom of the ceiling is hemmed OSB board, chipboard, plywood or plasterboard.
Logs are laid along the constructed beams, and a plank floor is placed on top of them. Vibration- and noise-absorbing pads are laid under the rough coating.
To avoid sagging ceiling from excessive loads on the flooring of the upper floor, the ceiling can be installed using divided crossbars. Why is the floor structure divided, for which they are installed separately? load-bearing beams.
In general, the design of a wooden pie attic floor consists of layers:
The first step in constructing a wooden floor for a house is always the calculation of the structural elements.
Advice!
It is better to use timber with a large cross-section and a rare installation step than to install a palisade made of weak material.
The second step is preparation for installation.
At the stage of wall construction, it is necessary to provide attachment points for the beams of the future floor with the following parameters:
After installation of the beam, the end sides are treated with waterproofing and insulating materials, while the air space is not filled with any additional materials, but remains free.
The final third step is to assemble the floor pie, which is made up of next operations:
In houses made of aerated concrete, it would not be superfluous to equip a monolithic aerated concrete belt for laying floor beams. It is created using special aerated concrete blocks, which allow the load to be evenly distributed on the load-bearing walls. It is thanks to the distribution of the load that aerated concrete slabs do not crack.
Important!
The contact area between wood and stone material leads to the formation of condensation and subsequent rotting wooden materials. That is why it is very important to avoid direct contact of wood with concrete and metal. Be sure to lay waterproofing material.
Installation of wooden floor beams
The low strength of aerated concrete requires the installation of a support cushion. Calculation of loads and correct selection materials, taking into account the small thickness of the walls, significantly reduces the likelihood of cladding the external unit, but at the same time, allows for high-quality insulation foaming compounds.
Wooden floors in aerated concrete house
But aerated concrete also has a minus - due to its low strength, when pressure is applied to it from floors, the walls can crack. For this reason, when constructing floors in such houses, it is necessary. Next we will talk about wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete.
Wooden beams boast of being lightweight and easy to install. There is a misconception that light wooden floors do not require a reinforcing layer. This is fundamentally wrong.
For aerated concrete walls, regardless of the type of flooring, an armored belt is always required!
In the case of wooden floors, its construction will distribute the load from the beams along the entire perimeter of the walls and prevent cracking of aerated concrete from point loads.
The advantages of wooden beams are:
Wood also has its downsides:
Despite such significant negative qualities, wood is still chosen much more often, and here’s why: special compositions for impregnating wood can extend its service life and protect it from rotting and fire. And low strength is eradicated by using more beams and reducing the laying step.
Now let's look at concrete floors and their disadvantages:
As you can see, all the disadvantages are related only to the price. To make your final decision, check out the article about.
To build floors between floors of a building, I usually use only three types of wooden beams:
Let's figure out which of them are most suitable specifically for each design, highlight the disadvantages and advantages of each type.
Beams made from solid timber are distinguished by their strength, but are inferior in terms of the maximum possible length. To prevent the beam from bending over time, It is recommended not to install it longer than 5 meters. That is, timber floors are only suitable for small houses. 
One of the significant disadvantages is that without proper treatment, floors may begin to rot and become moldy over time. The risk of fire should not be excluded.
Attention!
Beams made of laminated veneer lumber have one undeniable advantage — their length without bending can reach 12 meters.
Glued beams have the following advantages:
However, such material costs much more.
I-beams considered one of the most durable and reliable due to the profile shape, because they consist of several layers, each of which is protected by various impregnations. 
The advantages of I-beams include:
The number of beams, their dimensions, and installation pitch depend directly on the area of the room and the expected loads. Most experts believe that the optimal load on floors is 0.4 tons per square meter of area (400 kg/m2). This load includes the weight of the beam itself, the mass of the rough and finishing coating floors above and ceilings below, insulation, communications, as well as furniture and people.
The best cross-section for rectangular wooden beams is considered to have a height to width ratio of 1.4:1.
The cross-section also depends on what kind of wood the floors are made of. Now let's give average recommended values for a laying step of 60 cm:
If the step increases, then the size of the beam section should also be increased.
Here is a table of sections of wooden floor beams depending on the span and installation pitch, with a load of 400 kg/m2:
|
span (m)/ |
2,0 |
2,5 |
3,0 |
4,0 |
4,5 |
5,0 |
6,0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0,6 | 75x100 | 75x150 | 75x200 | 100x200 | 100x200 | 125x200 | 150x225 |
| 1,0 | 75x150 | 100x150 | 100x175 | 125x200 | 150x200 | 150x225 | 175x250 |
If you do not plan to load the floors (in case non-residential attic for storing light items), then lower load values from 150 to 350 kg/m2 are permissible. Here are the values for an installation pitch of 60 cm:
| Loads, kg/linear m | Section of beams with span length, m | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
150 |
|||||||
|
200 |
|||||||
|
250 |
|||||||
|
350 |
|||||||
On the Internet you can find online calculators for calculating the load-bearing capacity of wooden beams. I will give a link to one of them: http://vladirom.narod.ru/stoves/beamcalc.html
Also, for example, you can replace one beam with a section of 100x200 with two boards 50x200, sewn together with bolts or nails every meter. They do this for various reasons:
It is recommended to sew the boards together so that the wood fibers are in different directions. This increases the strength of the structure. 
Nowadays, only three types of floors are mainly used:
The first option is standard; it is for this that the section dimensions were described. Ribbed and beam-ribbed floors are practically not used at present due to the increased work time and complexity of the design, so we will not dwell on them.
The main stage is, of course, the installation of beams. It implies competent preparation at the stage of construction of the first floor.
At first the wood must be pre-treated fire-fighting composition, as well as liquid from rotting(this must be done with the entire crossbar). This must be done immediately after purchase. If the material will lie for some time before laying, it needs to be rearranged: a row of beams, then 3-4 bars across, then the next row. This will allow the board to ventilate and dry out. This will prevent mold from appearing.
The part of the beam embedded in the wall should also be coated:
This is done due to the fact that wood in contact with concrete and blocks can absorb moisture and begin to rot over time.
For aerated concrete, an operating humidity content of 3-5% is considered normal. No matter how dry the blocks may seem, direct contact of wood with this material is unacceptable.
The beam must be sealed in load-bearing wall at least 12 cm. The ends are cut at an angle of 70 degrees to ensure moisture removal.
Attention!
There is no need to cut off the end of the beam with waterproofing material. Otherwise, access to moisture evaporation will be blocked. Required to leave small air gap between the end of the beam and the wall.
The beams are fastened to the reinforced belt in houses made of gas silicate using anchor bolts.
To insulate the street side, insulation can be placed in front of the beam. As a rule, the outer ends of beams with outside insulated with polystyrene foam.
Filling the voids between the laid beams is done with gas blocks. Gaps of 2–3 cm are left between the gas silicate and the timber. They are driven tightly mineral wool, thus preventing the formation of condensation and dampening of the beams.
Don't forget to consider the placement of the stairs to the second floor, since the opening must be provided immediately: 
Well, that's all, the floors are ready. Now you can begin the subsequent finishing.
After completing the construction of the floor, it is recommended to wait before starting finishing work to allow the beams to shrink. It is recommended to “hide” the ceilings behind a fine finish before the onset of cold weather so that they are not exposed to humid weather conditions.
It is also necessary to make a roof. If this cannot be accomplished before winter, then the entire structure should be covered with film or awning material, including the windows, so that moisture does not enter the building. But it is still recommended to leave small through gaps so that there is an optimal level of humidity inside the room.
Now directly to the post-installation finishing. First, a rough ceiling is made from the bottom of the ceiling. It can also be made from plywood if, for example, a suspended ceiling is to be erected in the future.
You should start from the bottom of the beam, since insulation is usually placed between the ceiling and the floor, which also acts as sound insulation.
After installing the ceiling, insulation and vapor barrier (if necessary) are placed on top. For example, if the upper and lower floors will be constantly heated, then insulation is not necessary. But it should be noted that insulation also works as sound insulation. If the second floor is an attic, then you definitely need to insulate it - otherwise the heat will escape.
After laying the insulation, you can lay the subfloor (it will help in the further construction of the building, since you will not have to install scaffolding).
Finishing must be done after windows appear in the house and it shrinks.
Wooden interfloor ceilings are one of the most optimal solutions. After all, wooden beams are strong, lightweight and at the same time cheap. They are easy to install and do not put unnecessary pressure on the walls. Main, make the calculations correctly and be sure to process the wooden structure.
To increase the strength of the structure, you can use metal I-beams instead of wood. In this case, you will need a crane for installation. And metal costs more than wood. And if you are ready for such expenses, then isn’t it easier to opt for? Since the main advantage of overlapping wooden beams in an aerated concrete house - cost savings.
Construction of houses from aerated blocks is very popular in Lately. This is due to the fact that aerated concrete blocks allow you to build a house quickly. The walls are warm, breathable, easy to obtain flat surface walls
When determining the design of a house, the question arises as to what type of flooring is best for houses made of aerated concrete blocks. First we will give a brief overview possible options, and then we will focus on wooden interfloor floors in a house made of aerated concrete.
In a house made of aerated concrete you can arrange different kinds interfloor ceilings. The most common are ready-made floors reinforced concrete panels, monolithic reinforced concrete and on wooden beams.
Reinforced concrete floors have all the characteristics necessary for floors:
But, at the same time, there are a number of disadvantages that need to be taken into account when choosing a reinforced concrete floor.
Precast concrete panel floor. In the case of precast reinforced concrete panels, it must be taken into account that the plan and configuration of the building do not always allow for the optimal selection of the panel the right size. Since the panels are produced only rectangular shape, then it is impossible for them to cover rounded areas and rooms with irregular geometric shape. Then there are areas that have to be sealed additionally monolithic reinforced concrete. Despite the fact that the installation of reinforced concrete panels themselves is a fairly quick process, it is the installation that may become a factor due to which it will be necessary to abandon prefabricated panels, since not all areas have the opportunity for a crane to arrive to install them.
Advantages:
Flaws:
Monolithic concrete floor. Monolithic ceiling It is convenient in that its installation does not require large equipment and it can be made of any size and shape. But constructing a monolith is a very labor-intensive process. This is the production and installation of formwork, installation metal frame, preparing concrete and pouring it, caring for concrete during the hardening process. Moreover, when pouring concrete, it is necessary to comply with certain technological rules to ensure its uniform distribution throughout the mass of the slab, which significantly affects the quality of the product. Labor intensity, duration and a large number of so-called “wet processes” may make you think about looking for another floor design option.
Advantages:
Flaws:
A significant disadvantage for concrete floors When choosing a flooring material for a house made of aerated concrete blocks, its weight is important. Considering that aerated concrete is a porous material, it is more fragile than just concrete and brick. And, therefore, in houses made of aerated concrete it is preferable to use more lightweight design ceilings
Therefore, very often the choice is made on wooden floors. Wooden floors are lighter than concrete, cheaper, and can cover rooms of various configurations.
Manufacturing and installation of wooden floors is not complicated. To install such a ceiling, you do not need large equipment; you can use homemade winches and hand tools.
Advantages:
Flaws:
The load-bearing element of a wooden floor is a beam. Basically, beams are made from solid wood or laminated veneer lumber. But it can be used for beams and logs of the appropriate diameter. The approximate dimensions of the beam sections depending on the pitch of the beams and the overlapped span can be seen in the table.
Table of sections of wooden floor beams depending on the span and pitch of the beams, the estimated load on the floor is 400 kg/m2.
|
Span, m |
|||||||
| Beam spacing, m | 2,0 | 2,5 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 4,5 | 5,0 | 6,0 |
|
Beam cross-section, mm |
|||||||
| 0,6 | 75x100 | 75x150 | 75x200 | 100x200 | 100x200 | 125x200 | 150x225 |
| 1,0 | 75x150 | 100x150 | 100x175 | 125x200 | 150x200 | 150x225 | 175x250 |
| Log diameter, mm | |||||||
| 1,0 | 110 | 130 | 140 | 170 | 190 | 200 | 230 |
| 0,6 | 130 | 150 | 170 | 210 | 230 | 240 | 270 |
Fastening the beam to the wall. During the construction of the wall, floor beams begin to be laid out at the design height. The beams are inserted into the wall at a distance of at least 12 centimeters. The end of the beam, which is inserted into the wall, must be covered with waterproofing material: wrapped in roofing felt, covered bitumen mastic or other sealant with antiseptic additives.
There should be a small air gap around the beam; the beam should not sit rigidly. To do this, they also make a bevel at the end of the beam at an angle of 60-80 degrees. Polystyrene insulation is installed between the end of the beam and the outer part of the wall.
If it is necessary to lengthen the beams, this is done in the form of a lock: the beams are connected to each other with an overlap of 0.5 to 1.0 m and fastened with bolts. It is advisable to place the joints of the beams above internal wall or other support.
Floor structure design. To provide heat and sound insulation to the floor, sound and heat insulation is laid between the beams. For this purpose, a groove is made in the lower part of the beams, for securing which cranial bars with a section size of 50x50 mm are nailed along the bottom of the beams. Insulation materials should fit snugly against the bars. The bottom of the beams is lined with plywood, OSB board, or plasterboard.
Logs are laid on top of the beams, and a subfloor is laid on top of them. To improve sound insulation, special noise and vibration absorbing pads can be laid under the subfloor and under the joists.
To improve sound insulation and in order to reduce the possibility of the ceiling sagging due to the influence of gravity on the floor of the upper floor, there is an option to install the floor and ceiling along separated beams. The main idea of this method is to divide the floor structure and make different load-bearing beams for the floor of the upper floor and for the ceiling of the lower floor. To do this, the floor is laid on the main supporting beams.
The floor beams are laid directly on the wall with an armored belt. Between them in the middle are mounted ceiling beams, which are attached to the wall with brackets.
Ceiling beams are installed with the same pitch as the load-bearing beams, so the distance between adjacent beams will be 0.3 or 0.5 meters, respectively. The ceiling beams will not bear large loads; their main task is to support suspended ceiling and a pie from soundproofing materials. Therefore, according to calculations, ceiling beams can be installed with a smaller cross-section. To place sound insulation, ceiling beams are placed 10-12 cm below the load-bearing ones. In this way, the floor and ceiling are not connected to each other and possible deflections and sounds from the floor structure are not transmitted to the ceiling structure.
In houses made of aerated concrete blocks, floor beams are laid along a monolithic belt. A monolithic belt in houses made of aerated concrete blocks is a mandatory structural element. It helps to evenly distribute the load from the floor beams onto the wall, which helps ensure that the aerated concrete in the places where the beams are placed is not overloaded and does not crack. The monolithic belt must be solid and placed around the entire perimeter of the building. This belt is essential for aerated concrete houses. In addition to distributing the load from the floor, it also serves to generally preserve the integrity and stability of the house structure, protects against possible destruction and deformation due to possible soil shrinkage and slight movements of the foundation. Therefore, the design of a monolithic belt is given Special attention.
There are special U-shaped gas blocks for constructing a monolithic belt.
Reinforcement is placed inside this block - 2-4 rods with a diameter of 8-12 mm.
The bottom row of rods is placed on special spacers to form a protective layer of concrete underneath the reinforcement.
If there are no ready-made narrow blocks, then they can be cut from standard ones; aerated concrete cuts well. You can also make a U-block yourself by cutting out the inside of the block with a handsaw.
The frame is made from reinforcement.
Important! The reinforcement is not welded, but twisted using wire.
At junction points, it is advisable to avoid right angles by bending the reinforcement in an arc.
You can attach embedded parts (rods) to it, to which the floor beams will be attached. On the outside of the wall, the monolithic belt is insulated with polystyrene. The cavity of the U-shaped block is then filled with concrete.
and filled with concrete
Since special blocks are expensive or may not be available for sale, a monolithic belt can be made as an ordinary concrete belt with a metal frame.
In order to external wall The place of its installation was not visually visible. The installation of the reinforced belt is carried out as follows: we install aerated concrete blocks 100 mm thick along the outer wall. Then, to avoid the formation of cold bridges, we lay 50 mm polystyrene. WITH inside We put formwork on the walls from a wooden panel, and lay an armored belt in the resulting space.
Useful video:
The advantages of installing wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete include low load on the walls, affordable cost of building materials, the ability to implement complex and non-standard projects, no need for lifting equipment and ease of installation. The installation technology is considered simple; special attention is paid to the correct distribution of the load on the blocks, treatment of wood with fire retardants and antiseptics, and protection of the structure from external influences.
The approximate load on the timber and walls is 400 kg/m2 (if necessary, its exact value can be found by adding the weight of the structures and furniture). The cross-section of load-bearing lumber is selected taking into account the provision of deflection within 1/300 of the main span. The permissible length of a wooden beam in this case is 6 m; when choosing its size, you need to extend at least 15 cm onto the aerated concrete partitions. The recommended spacing of the supports varies in the region of 60-100 cm, but no more. We recommend that you read others.
The standard scheme includes elements with a cross-section of 50×100 and above, located transversely to the main span, sheathed underneath with boards, steam, heat and waterproofing layers, and flooring that acts as a floor or protects the insulation from external influences. The calculation comes down to choosing the cross-section and pitch of the load-bearing supports, which in turn depend on the area of the room and the magnitude of the loads expected on the aerated concrete and the floor. It is easier to take the recommended sizes of wooden beams from the tables:
| Beam cross-section, mm | |||||
| Span length, m | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| With a beam pitch of 60 cm and a default load of 400 kg/m2 | 75×100 | 75×200 | 100×200 | 150×200 | 150×225 |
| The same, with a step of 1 m | 75×150 | 100×175 | 125×200 | 150×225 | 175×250 |
| With a step of 1 m and a calculated load of wooden floor at 150 kg/m2 | 50×140 | 60×180 | 80×200 | 100×220 | |
| The same at 200 kg/m 2 | 50×160 | 70×180 | 100×200 | 140×220 | |
| -/- 250 kg/m 2 | 60×160 | 70×200 | 120×200 | 160×220 | |
| -/- 300 kg/m 2 | 70×160 | 80×200 | 120×220 | 200×220 | |
It is easy to see that knowledge exact value weight loads allows you to save at least 20% on the purchase of wooden beams. The amount of remaining lumber is determined by taking into account the area of the premises and the size of the staircase opening (if any). When drawing up estimates, mandatory expenses include the costs of treating wood with antiseptics and fire retardants. The dimensions and type of insulation are selected based on the intended purpose of the structure: 10 cm is enough to overlap between floors; the main task of the layer in this case is to provide good sound insulation; preference is given to breathable fibrous materials. When laying it on the ground floor (floors on the ground), the minimum is 20 cm, when arranging the attic - 15-20.
For interfloor and attic floors, work begins after laying the reinforced belt on top of aerated concrete blocks along the entire perimeter of the walls.
1. Preparation of the material. Elements of the required length are cut at an angle of 60-70° in the area where the aerated concrete is approached from the top side and wrapped with roofing felt or roofing felt.
2. Preparation. Pieces of insulation are placed between the future beam and the outer wall and a gap is left for free air circulation.
3. Installation of supports, starting from the outermost elements according to the selected scheme. For fixing to an armored belt (U-shaped blocks or reinforced reinforced concrete tape) metal corners or studs treated with anti-corrosion compounds. This stage should not be carried out by yourself; level placement requires the strength of at least two people; the level of each support is carefully checked.
4. Fixing the vapor barrier taking into account the recommended overlap. This layer is mandatory when separating two floors or an attic; when assembling the floor of the first floor in a house made of aerated concrete, films or membranes are replaced with denser and more reliable roll waterproofing.
5. Installation of a roll-up that serves as a ceiling. Boards with a thickness of 25 cm or more are attached to the underside of the beams. sheet materials, for example, drywall. At this stage, you need to make a ventilation gap of 1-2 cm between them and the vapor barrier.
6. Placement of insulation between wooden elements. To determine the thickness of this layer, it is advisable to make a thermal engineering calculation; in the absence of data, the minimum is taken equal to 10 cm. Thermal insulation is laid without gaps, tightly adjacent to the beams; mineral wool slabs or mats with springy edges are best suited for these purposes; they are easy to use and preserve the ability of wood and aerated concrete blocks to pass air.
7. Protection of insulation from getting wet. The optimal characteristics in this case are subtle waterproofing membranes and films, roofing felt are used mainly in attics.
8. Covering with logs and laying the future floor. When laying interfloor floors, it can be made from tongue-and-groove boards, plywood or chipboard sheets, the final version depends on the type flooring. When arranging unused attics, in order to save money, this stage is skipped; laying over the beams of the bridges for moving is enough.
9. Decorative finishing ceiling. Large beams are sometimes left open, but such an interior will not be appropriate everywhere, in residential buildings the lower flooring is lined with clapboard, plaster or covered with tension structures.
The instructions given are suitable for installing floors of any configuration over aerated concrete with a density of at least 400 kg/m 3 and expanded clay concrete. The main risk area is the contact areas of wood, blocks and metal. Direct abutment is avoided; insulation or synthetic materials are laid in these areas of the walls and gaps are left. TO mandatory conditions include choosing the right wood: without large knots, cracks and weak areas and with a moisture content not exceeding 15%. Required characteristics has glued or dried timber and ready-made I-beams.
To ensure maximum operational reliability of the ceiling during its assembly, it is recommended:
A wooden beam floor is optimal only in low-rise buildings made of aerated concrete; for other options, the design is entrusted to specialists.
Aerated concrete is quite warm and lightweight material. Its increasing popularity is explained by the fact that aerated concrete blocks retain heat well and have a low cost. But it is important to remember that this material does not have high strength. This must be taken into account when choosing other supporting structures. If we talk about floors, then wooden floors in such a house made of aerated concrete will be the best option.
To divide the interfloor space you can use the following types designs:
The use of heavy metal or reinforced concrete elements in an aerated concrete house is undesirable, so making the floor over wooden beams is the most common and reasonable option.
TO positive aspects This type of construction can be classified as:
This type has many more disadvantages. They are especially noticeable during the construction of a private house made of aerated concrete:
Moreover, they are heavy reinforced concrete floors increase the load on the walls and foundations of the house, thereby significantly reducing the savings achieved through the use of aerated concrete.
Monolithic flooring allows its use in rooms of complex shapes and with atypical spans. There are two types of such floors for a private house:
The second is immediately eliminated for an aerated concrete house due to the high mass and too large differences in the characteristics of the material. Monolithic flooring using wooden beams is suitable for buildings with small spans, since with increasing distances between walls, the thickness of the concrete layer increases.
The installation of concrete floors of considerable thickness creates too large loads on fragile aerated concrete walls.
TO positive characteristics This type of construction can be classified as:
The disadvantages include:
Installation of beams TO positive qualities wooden floors include:
To the features of this material The need for two types of special treatment using fire retardants and antiseptics can be attributed. The former protect the tree from fire, and the latter prevent damage from fungus or mold. This is especially important when constructing the floor of the first floor in the presence of a cold basement or underground and the attic floor in a cold attic. In both of these cases, wooden structures come into contact with cold air and condensation may form on them, which leads to damage by microorganisms.
Supporting wooden beams on aerated concrete walls The main load-bearing element of such a structure is wooden beam, which transfers the payload and the load of the floor structure to the walls. There are three options:
When designing a beam, the greatest attention is paid to the load-bearing element. To select the correct cross-section, specialists perform calculations of strength and rigidity. The construction of such structures in a private house allows for an approximate selection of the cross-section of the beams. It depends on the step load-bearing elements. With a step of 0.6 m, the following values can be given:
If the beam spacing is larger, the values should be increased.
In general, the attic floor pie looks like this:
When installing a basement or ceiling last floor when they come into contact with cold air, insulation is placed between the joists. In this case, it becomes necessary to install a vapor barrier layer on the side warm air and protection from moisture from the cold side.
An important point is the fastening load-bearing beams to the walls. The depth of support is taken to be at least 12 cm. When there is contact between materials of different structures, it is necessary to provide a layer of waterproofing: the ends of the beams are covered with waterproofing material. As waterproofing you can use:
The beam should not be fixed rigidly. Sometimes for this purpose a bevel at an angle of 70 degrees is provided at the end.
To distribute the load evenly, small wooden plates are installed under the beam support points. They should be wider than the supporting beam.
The beams are installed simultaneously with the construction of the walls. First you need to lay the outer elements and check their evenness using building level and a straight long board. After making sure that they are horizontal, install the remaining bars.
At correct installation and careful processing of wooden horizontal elements can achieve a very long service life and high reliability. For a house made of aerated concrete, this type of structure will be an excellent solution at a reasonable price.
