Radiators are usually perceived as elements of systems with high temperature. But for a long time this point of view has become obsolete, today's heaters can be easily installed in low-temperature systems due to the unique technical specifications. This allows you to save such precious energy resources.
Over the past decades, the leading European manufacturers of heating technology have struggled with how to reduce the temperature of the coolant. An important factor for this was the improved thermal insulation of buildings, as well as the improvement of radiators. As a result, already in the eighties, the temperature parameters were reduced to 75 degrees for the supply and up to 65 for the "return".
At a time when various panel heating systems, including floor heating, became popular, the supply temperature dropped to 55 degrees. Today, on this stage technological development, the system can fully function even at a temperature of thirty-five degrees.
Why do you need to achieve these parameters? This will make it possible to use new more economical heat sources. This will significantly save on energy resources and reduce emissions. harmful substances in atmosphere.
Some time ago, underfloor heating or convectors with copper-aluminum heat exchangers were considered the main options for heating a room with low temperature carriers. Also included in this range are panel radiators made of steel, which have been used in Sweden for quite a long time as part of low-temperature space heating systems. This was done after a series of experiments and the collection of a certain evidence base.
As shown by studies, the results of which were published in 2011 at a seminar at the Purmo-Radson center in Austria, much depends on thermal comfort, the speed and accuracy of the heating system's response to changes in weather and other conditions.
Usually a person experiences temperature discomfort when there is a temperature asymmetry in the room. It directly depends on what heat-releasing surface is in the room and where it is located, as well as on where the heat flow is oriented. Not the last role is played by the temperature of the surface of the floor. If it goes beyond the range of 19-27 degrees Celsius, a person may feel some discomfort - it will be cold, or vice versa, too hot. Another important parameter is the vertical temperature difference, that is, the temperature difference from the legs to the head of a person. This difference should not be more than four degrees Celsius.
The most comfortable person can feel in the so-called moving temperature conditions. If a inner space includes zones with different temperatures - this is a suitable microclimate for good health. But it is not necessary to make the temperature differences in the zones significant - otherwise the effect will be just the opposite.
According to the seminar participants, ideal thermal comfort can be created by radiators that transfer heat both by convection and by radiation.
Improving the insulation of buildings plays a cruel joke - as a result, the premises become thermally sensitive. Factors such as sunlight, household and office appliances, and crowds of people strongly affect the indoor climate. Panel heating systems are not able to respond to these changes as clearly as radiators do.
If you arrange a warm floor in a concrete screed, you can get a system with a large heating capacity. But it will be slow to respond to temperature regulation. And even if thermostats are used, the system cannot quickly respond to changes in outside temperature. If the heating pipes are installed in a concrete screed, the underfloor heating will give a noticeable reaction to temperature changes for only two hours. The thermostat quickly reacts to the influx of extraneous heat and turns off the system, but the heated floor will still give off heat for two whole hours. This is a lot. The same picture is observed in the opposite case, if you need to heat the floor on the contrary - it will also be fully warmed up after two hours.
In this case, only self-regulation can be effective. This is a complex dynamic process in which the heat supply is naturally regulated. This process is based on two patterns:
Heat spreads from a hotter zone to a colder one;
Value heat flow depends directly on the temperature difference.
Self-regulation can easily be used for both radiators and underfloor heating. But at the same time, radiators react much faster to changes in temperature conditions, cool down faster and vice versa, heat the room. As a result, the resumption of the set temperature regime occurs an order of magnitude faster.
Do not lose sight of the fact that the surface temperature of the radiator is approximately the same as that of the coolant. In the case with flooring this is absolutely not true. If intense heat from a third-party carrier will come in short "jerks", the heat regulation system in the "warm floor" simply will not cope with the task. Therefore, as a result, temperature fluctuations occur between the floor and the room as a whole. You can try to eliminate this problem, but as practice shows, as a result, the fluctuations remain, only become a little lower.
You can consider this on the example of a private house heated by underfloor heating and low-temperature radiators. Suppose there are four people living in a house, it is equipped with natural ventilation. Extraneous heat can come from household appliances and people directly. Comfort temperature for living is 21 degrees Celsius.
This temperature can be maintained in two ways - by switching to night mode or without it.
At the same time, I should forget that the operating temperature is an indicator that characterizes the combined effect of different temperatures on a person: radiation and air temperature, as well as the speed of the air flow.
As the experiments have shown, it is radiators that respond more quickly to temperature fluctuations than its smaller deviations provide. The warm floor significantly loses to them in all respects.
But the positive experience of using radiators does not end there. The next argument in their favor is a more efficient and comfortable indoor temperature profile.
Back in 2008, the international journal Energy and Buildings published the work of John Ar Meyhren and Stuur Holmberg "Temperature distribution and thermal comfort in a room with a panel heater, floor and wall heating." In it, the researchers conducted a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of radiators and underfloor heating in space heating with a low-temperature system. The researchers compared the vertical temperature distribution in rooms of identical size without furniture and people.
As the result of the experiment showed, a radiator installed in the window sill can guarantee a much more uniform distribution of warm air. In addition, it also prevents cold air from entering the room. But before deciding to install radiators, you need to take into account the quality of double-glazed windows, the location of furniture and other equally important nuances.
Separately, it should be said about heat losses. If for a warm floor the percentage of heat loss, depending on the thickness of the heat-insulating layer, ranges from 5 to 15 percent, then for radiators it is much lower. The high temperature radiator tolerates heat loss through back wall in the amount of 4%, and low-temperature and even less - only 1%.
When choosing a steel panel radiator, it is important to make the correct calculations so that when 45 degrees Celsius is supplied, a comfortable set temperature is maintained in the room. It is necessary to take into account the thermal insulation of the building, and heat losses, and the prevailing temperature "overboard".
The arguments presented at the seminar once again confirm the expediency of using low-temperature regulators in heating systems as great option energy savings.
Low-temperature heating systems today are still not widely used in Russia, but they are successfully practiced in Europe, including in countries with not the mildest climate, but where renewable energy sources (RES) are actively used for heat supply and air conditioning of buildings .
G The main and obvious advantages of such systems are the saving of energy carriers based on fossil hydrocarbons, combined with minimization of environmental damage. In addition, low temperature systems provide the user with additional features in achieving thermal comfort in the house and managing the microclimate of the premises.
In Russia, the scope of application of low-temperature heating systems is limited not only by climatic features in many of its regions, but also by regulations. In particular, this factor operates during mass development, on objects of the type apartment buildings, for which the standards are developed for other modes of heat supply to buildings. Therefore, low-temperature heating systems, if used, are used in such social institutions as polyclinics and kindergartens, as well as more widely in the private cottage sector. In addition, they are usually designed and installed for heating and air-conditioning of energy-saving houses, primarily "active" ones, which, in last years also began to be built in Russia. Minimization of heat losses through the building's bounding structures and ventilation is generally one of the main conditions for the successful use of low-temperature heating systems there.
Low-temperature heating systems are being created based on highly efficient heat generators and RES energy transformers, as well as using modern models heating appliances and electronic automation, combined into systems intelligent control.
Generation with accumulation
According to existing regulatory documents the temperature regime of the heating system is characterized by three parameters: the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the heat generator, at the inlet to it and the air temperature in the room. The mode, where at the outlet of the heat generator the temperature of the coolant does not exceed 55 ° C, and at the inlet it is up to 45 ° C, is considered inherent in low-temperature systems. The air temperature in the room is usually assumed to be 20 °C. The most common temperature conditions in such systems are 55/45/20 °C, 45/40/20 °C or even 35/30/20 °C.
Low-temperature heating systems can be monovalent, where heat is generated by one heat generator, or, more often, polyvalent, in which the work of several heat generators or transformers is combined into renewable energy heat ( rice. one). Such polyvalent systems are also called hybrid.
Fig.1
Both for mono- and polyvalent systems (as a peak heat generator), a condensing boiler is well suited. Its mode of operation is closest to that indicated above and largely depends on the temperature parameters of the heating system. The lower the temperature of the heat carrier in the return boiler circuit, the more fully the steam condenses, the more heat will be utilized, the higher the efficiency of the condensing boiler. For gas boilers, the threshold temperature of the condensation mode is 57 ° С. Therefore, the heating system must also be designed to use a coolant with a lower temperature in the return circuit.
At average for winter period temperatures, according to the design calculation, taking into account the maximum efficiency of the condensation regime, it should not exceed 45 °C. Such parameters are provided by low-temperature heating systems, in which condensing boilers operate mainly in their “normal” mode.
Of course, in low-temperature systems, not only condensing boiler technology can be used and is being used. The heat generator in such a system, including the peak one, can be any highly efficient boiler operating on any fuel and, in particular, electric. In hybrid systems, the boiler is switched on only at peak loads, when other heat generators (RES energy transformers - solar collectors, heat pumps) cannot cope with providing thermal comfort in heated rooms and DHW needs.
When using RES energy, low-temperature water heating systems usually include heat accumulators, which can be with liquid and solid fillers, phase (using the heat of phase transformations) and thermochemical (heat is accumulated due to endothermic reactions and released during exothermic ones).
In heat accumulators with liquid and solid fillers (water, low-freezing liquids (ethylene glycol solution), gravel, etc.), heat accumulates due to the heat capacity of the filler material. In phase heat accumulators, heat is accumulated when melting or changing crystal structure aggregate, and the release - during its hardening.
The most widespread in hybrid low-temperature water heating systems installed in cottages are water storage tanks that successfully dampen peak loads of domestic hot water, storing heat from work solar collector, heat pump or (in winter) peak heat source. Accumulating thermal energy from various sources, such a heat accumulator allows you to optimize their work in terms of maximum economic efficiency at a particular moment, reserving "cheap" heat. The surplus of generated heat can then be used for domestic hot water. Their use is also justified when using heat pumps to optimize the operation of compressors and hydraulic decoupling of the heat pump and load circuits.
The heat accumulator water tank is a container well insulated, for example, with a layer of polyurethane foam 80-100 mm thick, into which several heat exchangers are built. A heat accumulator with a volume of 0.25-2 m 3 can accumulate 14-116 kWh of thermal energy.
Devices for low-temperature heating systems
The low temperature of the coolant determines the choice of devices for low-temperature heating systems, which must effectively carry out heat transfer in heated rooms, operating in a flexible mode. If these devices are installed in a cottage, where the pressure of the coolant in the pipelines is obviously low, then their strength characteristics fade into the background.
Fig.2
According to experts, wall-mounted, parapet or floor-mounted convectors with forced ventilation are most successfully used in low-temperature systems ( rice. 2) and steel panel radiators ( rice. 3). In such systems, convectors equipped with a heat exchanger with a large surface should be used - multi-layered with frequent fins and a fan that provides a large heat removal. In addition to convectors, these conditions are also met by wall-mounted wall and ceiling fan coil units (fan coils).
Fig.3
In forced convection systems without a fan, induction closers can be used. Due to efficient heat removal and high power, these devices will have small dimensions compared to other types of equipment.
The advantage of such devices is the possibility of their use in combined systems that heat rooms during the cold period, and in summer they are used to cool the air.
If convectors without a fan are used in low-temperature systems, their height must be at least 400 mm.
The heat carrier panel of the steel panel radiator is located outside the heater. From it, the lamellas of the convective element are heated. The farther from the panel, the colder the lamellae. Convection at a low temperature of the radiator is hindered by the viscosity of the air sandwiched between the lamellas. But nothing interferes with thermal radiation from the panel.
Steel panel radiators are also successfully used in low-temperature heating systems because their model lines include a wide range of standard sizes, and this is important for the optimal placement of heaters in such systems, in particular, heaters that cover the entire length of the window should be installed in them. opening.
Fig.4
The operation of convectors with forced ventilation and steel panel radiators will be successfully combined with a warm water floor ( rice. four), which is literally designed to work with a coolant characterized by a low temperature. According to SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", clause 6.5.12, the average surface temperature of floors with built-in heating elements should be taken no higher than 26 ° C - for rooms with a permanent stay of people; and not higher than 31 °С - for premises with temporary stay of people. The temperature of the floor surface along the axis of the heating element in children's institutions, residential buildings and swimming pools should not exceed 35 °C. In real conditions, with existing technologies for installing a warm floor, such surface temperatures are achieved at coolant temperatures at the inlet to the floor heating pipeline not higher than 45 ° C.
Warm floors significantly increase the efficiency of low-temperature heating systems. So, when equipping a warm floor, the energy reserve of a water heat accumulator with a capacity of 1.2 m 3 is enough to heat a house with an area of 130-140 m 2 due to electricity received at a low nightly rate.
All water heating devices in low-temperature heating systems are equipped with thermostatic automation.
Intelligent control
Since most low-temperature systems are hybrid, and it is also possible to combine heating and air conditioning functions in one such system, their greatest efficiency and economy can be achieved with the rational management of all components of the system. Today, smart control systems are used for this.
Without intelligent control, it is impossible to effectively and at the same time flexibly regulate the system based on real sensor readings, and not on built-in graphs that do not take into account the conditions of a particular heat supply facility. When smart control is used in a project, it is only necessary to set the initial settings, and then intelligent automation will automatically maintain them.
The smart controller is responsible for switching the system from one heat source to another. Processing several inputs every second, the controller selects the most economical heat source at the moment. According to the given logic, it is first used thermal energy from the cheapest source.
The use of such intelligent control systems makes it possible to differentially set temperatures in controlled rooms, thereby achieving, in addition to efficiency, also the highest level thermal comfort.
Article from . Heading "Heating and DHW"
A. Nikishov
The development of technical thought has allowed modern man to have a large selection of heating systems, depending on the requirements and material possibilities, which even the previous generation did not have. The gradual development of household thermal power engineering has led to the fact that low-temperature heating systems for housing have become increasingly popular among the population, which will be discussed in this article.
Practice has shown that when comparing two heat sources - with high and low temperatures - the most comfortable conditions for a person are created precisely by a low-temperature heating device, which provides a small temperature difference in the room and does not cause negative sensations. The upper limit of the so-called low temperatures, according to the definition of power engineers, is in the region of 40˚С. Low-temperature heating systems using a coolant operate with temperatures of 40-60˚С - at the inlet to the heat-producing device and at its outlet. And air, electric and radiant heating systems also use lower temperatures, comparable to the temperature of the human body. So the very concept of low temperatures is rather arbitrary, and, nevertheless, the use of a coolant or other heat sources with a temperature of up to 45˚ has many advantages that affect the choice of such a system for home heating, and, due to its features, organically fits into applications with renewable sources of energy.
All heating systems are subject to certain requirements, which are designed to make their use more efficient, comfortable and safe. Construction, climatic, hygienic and technological requirements are detailed in DBN V.2.5-67:2013 in paragraphs 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11. These requirements make it possible to minimize negative and at the same time increase positive impacts on human body provided by heating systems.
It should be noted that one of essential conditions the efficiency of any heating systems is a careful accounting of heat losses, and for low-temperature systems, this is perhaps the most important thing. Otherwise, such systems will be inefficient and unnecessarily energy-consuming, and, therefore, materially costly.
Low-temperature heating systems can be conditionally divided - according to the method of heat preparation - into monolithic, bivalent and combined. Monolithic systems are characterized by the use of one or more heat generating units. The bivalent ones use two heat generators with different operating principles, one of which can be turned on as an additional heat source at very low outdoor temperatures. Several heat-producing installations connected in parallel form a combined heating system.
Heating of the heat carrier in all heating systems can be carried out directly or indirectly. An example direct heating are water heating boilers various types operating on solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, as well as electric boilers. The coolant is heated indirectly in heat exchangers (boilers) or heat accumulators. This method is very widely used in systems operating on renewable energy sources - wind and solar.
Also, low-temperature heating systems can be divided according to the type of coolant - liquid, gas, air and electric, and according to the type of heating devices - surface, convection and panel-beam.
Low-temperature heating systems are becoming increasingly popular due to the fact that they are very harmoniously combined with equipment operating on renewable energy sources. In times when traditional energy is becoming more and more expensive, this is an important factor.
All systems of this type are characterized by three main parameters - the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the heat-producing device (in this case, water-heating boilers for solid, liquid, gaseous fuels and electric ones are used), the temperature at its inlet and the air temperature in the heated room. Such a sequence of numbers is indicated in all documents for boilers.
Modern low-temperature heating systems are mainly based on the European standard EN422, which introduces the concept of "soft heat", which involves the use of a coolant with a temperature at the outlet of the heat-producing device of 55˚С, and at the inlet - 45˚С.
This type of heating involves the use of circulation pumps in the system, which are placed in the same way as in conventional heating systems. The most economical are "open" systems with accommodation expansion tank at the top point. Installation of pumps in the coolant supply line allows avoiding possible rarefaction zones, which occurs when installing circulation pumps on the return line.
AT closed systems working with increased pressure, along with circulation pump an automatic air vent must be used and relief valve, as well as a manometer showing the pressure in the system. The expansion tank in this case is placed in a convenient place for the user.
One of the requirements that determine the effectiveness of the work open type heating systems, is the need for good thermal insulation of the expansion tank. Sometimes - in the case of placing it in the attics of buildings - its forced heating is also required.
One of the most common types of low-temperature heating systems is the well-known "warm floor" (Fig. 1). Surface heating systems, for example, manufactured by Oventrop (Germany), include pipes that can be installed in the floor, ceiling, and walls. In this case, the interior is not affected at all.
Rice. 1. Heating system with "warm floor"
In these systems, due to predominantly radiant heat exchange, there is absolutely no air movement, and heat is evenly distributed throughout the room. Electronic programmable controllers significantly increase the efficiency of the system.
The supply line of surface heating systems contains a heat carrier with a temperature of 40-45˚С, which allows using the capabilities of condensing boilers with maximum effect, as well as alternative (renewable) energy sources. The system typically uses a XLPE pipe with an oxygen barrier layer.
This type of heating is characterized by the use of "saturated" steam as a heating medium, which leads to the need to ensure adequate collection of condensate. And if there is one heater in the heating system, which does not create problems, then with an increase in their number, it becomes more and more difficult to remove condensate. The solution to this problem was found in the use of "cold" steam as a coolant. His role in modern systems low-temperature steam heating plays, in particular, freon-114 - non-flammable, non-toxic, odorless and chemically stable inorganic compound.
The system on "cold" steam works by using the heat released during condensation saturated vapors, which heats the heating devices. The condensate pipelines operate in a "wet" mode, which is due to the condensate back-up. In this case, steam traps are not needed - the condensate returns to the evaporator by gravity. A make-up pump is also not required. Both steam pipelines and condensate pipelines are mounted both horizontally and vertically. Moreover, it is not necessary to comply with the slope. In the case of vertical installation, the supply steam line can be placed both above and below.
The adjustment of a system operating on “cold” steam is carried out by influencing the steam pressure and its temperature, for which the system is calculated on a pressure corresponding to the maximum possible steam temperature.
Sectional radiators and convector panels are commonly used as heating devices in a low-temperature steam heating system. To regulate heat transfer, each heating device is equipped with a membrane valve.
The use of this type of system (Fig. 2) is rather limited. Several factors influence this. Firstly, a rather low degree of heat exchange between air and a heat-producing device or heat exchanger. Secondly, for hygienic reasons. Air currents carry dust, while air channels and heat exchangers create good conditions for the development of unwanted bacteria and microorganisms, and require special protection. And, thirdly, such systems are very material-intensive, and, therefore, have a high cost.
Rice. 2. Air heating system
But despite this, air systems low temperature heating can be used in the following cases:
This system is represented on the market of heating systems by many manufacturers. It is based on the principle of heating a special resistive cable (Fig. 3) electric shock. The heat removed from the cable is transferred to the environment, creating a soft heating of the room. The system package may include heating cables or prefabricated mats, thermostats and an installation kit for quick and easy installation.
Rice. 3. Electric "warm floor"
All heating systems, as mentioned above, are designed to maintain an optimal and comfortable ratio of three parameters - the temperature of the coolant after the heat-producing device, the temperature of the heater and the air temperature in the room. This ratio can be achieved the right choice important elements systems.
All devices for the production of heat can be divided into three groups.
The first group - heat generators based on the use of traditional fuel and electricity. For the most part, these are various hot water boilers operating on solid, liquid, gaseous fuels and electric energy. Even for indirect heating"cold" steam in steam systems of low-temperature heating, all the same water-heating devices are used.
In this group of devices, a household condensing boiler can be noted, which is a device that appeared as a result of innovative developments in rational use water vapor produced during the combustion of fuel. Research aimed at making better use of energy and at the same time minimizing the negative impact on the environment has made it possible to create new type heating equipment- condensing boiler - allowing to receive additional heat from flue gases by means of condensation.
For example, Italian manufacturer Baxi produces a line of condensing boilers, both floor-standing and wall-mounted. The lineup wall-mounted boilers Luna Platinum (Fig. 4) consists of single-circuit and double-circuit condensing boilers, with a power of 12 to 32 kW. key element is a heat exchanger of stainless steel AISI 316L. Various components of the boiler are controlled by an electronic board, there is a removable control panel with a liquid crystal display and a built-in temperature control function. The burner power modulation system allows the boiler output to be adapted to the energy consumed by the building in the range of 1:10.
Rice. 4. Condensing boiler BAXI Luna Platinum
The second group is installations that use the heat of non-system coolants. In such cases, heat accumulators are used.
The third group includes devices that use an external coolant for indirect heating. They successfully use surface, cascade or bubbling ball heat exchangers. It is this type that is used for heating "cold" steam in low-temperature steam heating systems.
Heating appliances are divided into 4 groups:
Rice. 5. Panel steel radiator Korado
Heating devices of low-temperature systems include various types of sectional and panel heaters, heating convectors, heaters and heating panels.
These devices are required in bivalent low temperature heating systems that use energy from renewable sources or waste heat. Heat accumulators can be liquid-filled or solid-filled, using the heat capacity of the filler to store heat.
Devices in which heat is released at the time of phase transformations are becoming more and more widespread. In them, heat accumulates in the process of melting a substance or when its crystalline structure undergoes certain changes.
Thermochemical heat accumulators also work effectively, the principle of operation of which is based on the accumulation of heat as a result of chemical reactions occurring with the release of heat.
Heat accumulators can be connected to the heating system both according to a dependent circuit, and according to an independent one, when heat is accumulated in them from an off-system coolant.
Thermal accumulators can also be ground, rock, and even underground lakes can be used as heat storage.
Ground thermal accumulators are obtained by placing registers made of pipes in increments of one and a half to two meters. Rock heat accumulators are equipped by drilling vertical or inclined wells in rocks to a depth of 10 to 50 m, where the coolant is pumped. The use of underground lakes as heat accumulators is possible if pipes with a coolant pumped into them are placed in the lower layers of water. Heat is extracted from pipes placed in upper layers underground lakes.
When using a heat source in low-temperature heating systems, the temperature of which is lower than the air temperature in the room, as well as to reduce the material consumption of heating devices, heat pumps can be included in the system (Fig. 6). The most common devices in this group are compression heat pumps, which give a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C during condensation.
Rice. 6. How a heat pump works
Efficient operation of the heat pump in a low-temperature heating system is ensured by the inclusion in the evaporator circuit heat accumulator, which contributes to the stabilization of the evaporation temperature of the "cold" steam. The adjustment of this system is carried out by changing the heat transfer of the pump itself.
Low-temperature heating systems are winning their supporters by creating more comfortable conditions indoors than traditional ones - with high heating of heating devices. There is no excessive "drainage" of the air, there is no - again excessive - dustiness of the room due to the inevitable movement of air with very hot heaters.
The use of heat accumulators in the system makes it possible to accumulate heat and instantly use it if necessary.
The low temperature spread - output from the heat producing device and the room air - makes it easy to regulate the system using programmable thermostats.
And as for the shortcomings, it is, in essence, one - the cost of the finished system is somewhat, if not several times higher than that of the traditional high-temperature one.
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Viewed: 14 618The most important task of technology development is to increase energy efficiency. To solve this problem in heating systems, the most effective way is to reduce the temperature of the coolant. That is why low-temperature heating is today a key trend in the development of modern heating technology.
A low-temperature heating system during operation consumes a much smaller amount of coolant than a traditional system. This results in significant savings. An additional advantage is the reduction of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. In addition, work with a "soft" temperature regime allows you to use alternative views equipment - heat pumps or condensing boilers.
The main problem in the development of low-temperature heating for a long time remained that at low heating temperatures it was very difficult to create comfortable conditions in heated rooms. However, with the development of building technologies that allow the construction of energy efficient buildings, this problem has been solved. The use of modern construction and thermal insulation materials makes it possible to significantly reduce heat loss buildings. Thanks to this, the low-temperature heating system can efficiently and efficiently heat the house. The achieved effect of saving the coolant significantly exceeds the additional costs that have to be incurred for the thermal insulation of buildings.
Initially, only the so-called panel heating systems were considered as low-temperature ones, the most common representatives of which are systems warm floors. They are characterized by a significant heat exchange surface, which makes it possible to provide high-quality heating at a low coolant temperature.
Today, the development of production technologies has contributed to the fact that it became possible to use radiators for low-temperature heating. At the same time, batteries must meet increased energy efficiency requirements:
TM Ogint offers energy-efficient aluminum radiators that fully comply with the above requirements and are ideal for completing low-temperature heating systems. At the same time, they are produced in full compliance with Russian standards and are fully adapted to domestic operating conditions.
Thus, the use of aluminum radiators of the Ogint Delta Plus model when creating low-temperature systems provides an important advantage compared to warm floors. Optimal Performance savings and comfort are provided in cases where the heating system quickly responds to changes in outside temperature (when it rises, the temperature of the coolant decreases, and when it decreases, it increases). Modern automation used on boiler equipment provides all the possibilities for this. The disadvantage of underfloor heating is their inertia. Radiator systems are able to respond to changes external conditions almost instantly.
Low-temperature systems have a number of significant advantages:
The disadvantages of heating systems of this type are relative. So, a certain minus can be called increased requirements for the radiators used. However, the use of Ogint Delta Plus batteries completely solves all the problems of choosing heaters.
It should also be noted that when severe frosts low-temperature systems cannot always cope with the heating of buildings. At the same time, the system can be transferred to a higher level without any problems. temperature regime if there is such a need.
In general, low temperature heating systems are more efficient, economical and safer than traditional systems. Therefore, today we can confidently say that the future belongs to low-temperature heating.
AT modern construction solutions based on environmentally friendly renewable energy sources are increasingly being used. Low temperature heating often becomes a priority. In this regard, condensing boilers or heat pumps in combination with good insulation of objects have become increasingly widely used. This is not only a reduction in operating costs and great savings in thermal energy - it is enough for the water temperature in the installation to reach 50ºC instead of 70ºC - but it is also a guarantee of thermal comfort. However, one heat pump is not enough, in a modern, low-temperature installation, low-temperature radiators should be used, which are distinguished by the largest heat exchange surface, heat emission by convection and/or fan-assisted circulation. Of no small importance is the minimum possible weight heat transfer systems - the benefits of which can be assessed in transition periods.
All REGULUS-system radiator systems feature a very large heat exchange surface. Perfectly fit into the above-mentioned conditions, fully complying with the requirements of energy saving in construction and providing thermal comfort. They have a contact surface with heated air 50% larger than panel radiators of the same size. Large contact surface means more efficient heating at low heating agent parameters. This is also because "reguli" are low temperature radiators. Due to their specific structure, they do not find a place in the currently accepted terminology of radiators. Not "ribs", not "panels" and not "convectors" by definition. Consist of two systems: copper water system and aluminum heat exchange system. Their structure resembles a car radiator. Installation water flows in the copper coil, and heat is transferred to the environment through aluminum heat emitters. The room is heated in a mixed way with the help of wide-angle thermal radiation emanating from the corrugated surface and by convection. A large proportion of radiation from the corrugated surface of the radiator leads to an even distribution of heat in the room.
In systems fed by a factor with low parameters during transient periods, when the need is a rapid increase or decrease in temperature, it will work well heating system with a low total weight, which is what distinguishes REGULUS-system radiators. The large total mass of the heat exchange system is characterized by high thermal inertia, which leads to systematic overheating or insufficient heating of the room. Fast heating delay is not only important for optimizing heating costs, but is also key to thermal comfort. With a sudden increase in brightness sunlight during transitional periods or in the event of an unexpected influx of heat, a properly controlled installation with "regulus" quickly stops heating and starts working just as quickly, making heating economical and comfortable.
A heating system with a low overall weight makes it possible not only fast access user to heat, but also receiving heat in the required amount. Such heating is easy to start and stop, since the inertia of the system is minimal. The low mass system can operate practically all year round, since the cost of starting the heating for fifteen or fifty minutes, in order to correct the temperature, is very low.
The REGULUS-system offer also includes versions of low-temperature radiators that significantly improve their efficiency in systems with environmentally friendly clean sources heat, such as condensing boilers, heat pumps, systems with multiple heat sources and a central heating buffer. One of these versions is a wall-mounted radiator reinforced with a fan. The fan cools the thermal factor in the radiator, thereby increasing the amount of heat given off by the radiator to the room - that is, you can increase the power without changing the size of the radiator.
E-VENT structure resembles other REGULUS-system wall-mounted radiators - with the difference that there is a cutout in the lower part of the aluminum lamella package, and in it there are magnets that allow you to attach and remove the fan (or fans, in case great length radiator). Thanks to the fan, the device heats with a variable power that meets the user's requirements, its power is increased, and it is also possible to control the dynamics of heating.
It can also work in the installation after shutdown or uninstallation, in which case it works in the mode of a standard water radiator. Due to the ease of installation and dismantling of the fan, the E-VENT radiator will perfectly show its qualities in an installation equipped with a standard central heating boiler operating at high parameters, which in the future will be replaced by an environmentally friendly, low-temperature heat source (condensing boiler, central heating pump). about.). At the first stage, the radiator will work without a fan, and after changing the heat source to a low-temperature one, already with a fan.
In low-temperature installations, another REGULUS-system low-temperature radiator called , which is an alternative to steel, three-panel radiators, perfectly passes the exam. Dubel consists of two SOLLARIUS type radiator bodies (with a flat top cover) connected in parallel in a common body - thickness 18 cm. We offer an unusually rare offer on the market: a radiator only 12 cm high (+ mounting posts - 8 cm height) for installation on the floor in a vertical position. This is a low-temperature radiator, which, despite the popular belief, is small in size with its relatively large power. This configuration not only works in heat pump installations, but also allows you to limit the dimensions of the wall-mounted radiators used and can be used in rooms that consume a large number of heat.
All REGULUS-system radiators can be used without restrictions, in open and closed central heating systems, as well as in any type of installation made of copper, plastic or, traditionally, steel. Radiators work perfectly together with low-temperature heat sources, condensing and solid fuel boilers, as well as heat pumps. The design of the radiators provides protection against corrosion and changes in pressure in the installation, significantly extending the time of their operation. The devices are approved for use in the EU.
ADVANTAGES OF REGULUS-system LOW-TEMPERATURE RADIATORS
