The facade of the building is its calling card. It should be:
In addition, the facade must have good heat and sound insulation properties and high vapor permeability. The last requirement must be observed to prevent condensation from accumulating on its surface, which could cause high humidity in interior spaces and the appearance of fungus and mold.
According to finishing technology, the construction of building facades can be “dry” or “wet”. In the first case, installation is carried out using mechanical fasteners (nails, dowels, screws, etc.). As for the work on arranging “wet” facades, they are carried out by finishing with plaster, clinker slabs fixed with glue, and other methods that require the use of various mixtures.
In addition, today you can order a ventilated facade. This technology involves creating a ventilation gap between the wall and the finishing material. The air, which will circulate freely in the gap, will remove moisture resulting from condensation of steam penetrating from the inside to the outside. At the same time, the material itself will reliably protect the ceilings of buildings from direct exposure to atmospheric phenomena.
We offer services for arranging facades of any type and finishing them with various materials. We employ high-level construction and engineering professionals who will carry out all work quickly and in strict compliance with all technological requirements.
The exterior decoration of a house or building reaches a newer and higher quality level every year. Today, owners of private houses and buildings have increasingly begun to use ventilated facades for cladding their homes. It's beautiful and practical way decorate your home, which almost anyone can handle.
If we turn to the definition of a ventilated facade, then it is characterized as a whole system consisting of several components.
Ventilated facades have become widespread in Russia due to a number of distinctive and unique properties. This technology was borrowed from Western colleagues and is widely used in our country with success. They are installed both in ordinary private houses and as external cladding buildings, for example supermarkets, shopping centers. Their merits are difficult to embellish.
Its protective properties should be highlighted. As a rule, a ventilated facade is made of durable hydrophobic materials that perfectly protect the walls and the building itself from moisture and temperature changes. If some of the water vapor has leaked between the cracks, it is absorbed by a thick layer of drainage. Wall-mounted cladding lasts at least 25–30 years. The service life depends on the material chosen. If porcelain stoneware is used, the guaranteed service life is at least 50 years.
This system has a number distinctive features and in terms of its thermal insulation qualities. Such a facade does not allow the walls to heat up, and as a result, the interior does not overheat. The room is always comfortable: moderately warm and not hot. Thanks to its ease of installation, you can very quickly make external cosmetic repairs. And the wide variety of materials gives an unlimited number of options for creating unique design the buildings.
It is impossible not to mention its soundproofing properties. Due to the air gap, such a façade can hold back quite high level noise. In combination with triple or double glazing, such walls will provide an optimal level of silence in a noisy city. The materials that are included in the system of suspended ventilated facades are fire resistant and do not allow fire to spread.
Over the past few years, the number of projects of residential buildings, public organizations, educational institutions with the installation of a ventilated façade it increased tenfold. Like other facing structures, the ventilated façade has a number of advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account during its installation and further operation.
There are few disadvantages to this façade design, but they do exist. First of all, experts note that the frame system metal components for fastening may impair the uniformity of the thermal air barrier. Metal does not retain heat, so it is necessary to lay a thicker layer of insulation. This is especially important for the northern regions of the country.
In case of poor calculation thermal coefficient materials, thermal insulation will be poor. For this reason, a number of problems may arise that require another cash injection. If we talk about insulation, then there are also a number of nuances. During long-term use, it undergoes a number of changes: shrinkage and thinning.
In order for this design to perform its functions well, craftsmen advise laying the insulating material like a “pie”. The first layer consists of a softer and looser insulation, and the subsequent one is harder and denser.
The construction of a ventilated facade implies the presence of a small air gap And narrow cracks. During rain or active spring thaw, moisture easily gets into air pockets. This leads to swelling and weighting of the mineral wool, as well as the appearance of mold in the house or apartment. To prevent such consequences, it is necessary to lay a special waterproofing film for vapor barrier. The financial side of the issue is also important. Installing a ventilated facade is slightly more expensive than installing conventional siding panels. This price is obtained due to the large number of calculations and materials used.
If we talk about the advantages, then we should start with the versatility of ventilated facades. Due to its ease of installation, it can be used on buildings and structures of any type. This design is installed much faster than conventional cladding, since it does not require initial preparation of the walls for installation.
If any facing slab is deformed (cracked or broken off), then it can be easily and simply changed. There is no need to remove all the panels from a row.
The ventilated facade is an excellent protective shield for the building from atmospheric phenomena. Due to the unique ventilation system, air flows prevent water vapor from accumulating, “blow out” excess heat on a hot day, and also preserve internal heat buildings due to the air pocket. This facade can pay for itself in 10–15 years of use, provided high-quality installation according to all rules and regulations. The building owner will spend much less money to maintain heat in the room.
In a private home with its own heating, much less gas or other fuel will be required to maintain comfortable temperature in the rooms. No additional funds will be required to care for the cladding. If we compare the number of positive and negative aspects of the ventilated façade, we can say with confidence that it is perfectly suited for the climatic conditions of Russia and will adequately serve its entire guaranteed service life.
The ventilated facade has a clear structure, which consists of a number of elements. It is very important that the installer knows how to work with all types of materials and knows their physical properties. Otherwise, an inexperienced worker may make a large number of blunders, which can significantly affect the final result. The first and most basic element is the supporting wall. Her technical specifications determine the choice of structure that will be installed in the future.
If you want to improve the facade of a building that is built from old and crumbling brick, then you need to use light and at the same time durable materials. They will “hold” the walls and prevent them from collapsing further.
The second element of the ventilation facade is a substructure or subsystem. These include the following elements:
With the help of these elements, a durable lattice is created, onto which insulation and facing material are subsequently attached. Thanks to it, the very necessary air space or ventilation pockets are created. And also, no adhesive solution is required to attach the façade slabs, which is a significant cost saving. Today there is production of both wooden and metal planks. The choice of material depends on the building, insulation and facing slabs.
The next layer is thermal insulation. It includes a layer of insulation that performs the following functions:
It is best to use mineral wool as insulation - it is a non-flammable material. It does not absorb moisture, is easy to use and performs its functions perfectly. In colder regions, a paronite gasket is often placed in front of the layer of insulating material, which performs a thermal break function. Additional insulation helps avoid the appearance of so-called cold bridges.
The fourth element in the ventilated facade system is windproof membrane. It is necessary in order to contain moisture and prevent it from penetrating into further layers.
On the market you can find insulation that already has a layer of this film, but it is better to buy it separately (the gaps between the plates should also be “covered”).
The next link in this design is the air gap. Here it plays a key role, because thanks to it a traction effect is created. Air flows circulate evenly under the facing material and do not allow moisture to settle on the surface of the insulation and protective film. It also participates in heat exchange between the environment and the building itself. Due to the heat loss gap in winter period much lower.
The final element of the system is the facing slabs. They can be made from different material: sandstone, porcelain stoneware, marble and others. Facade panels are selected according to the type of building, the condition of its walls (degree of dilapidation) and other aesthetic preferences (color, shape, structure). The cladding performs the following functions:
One of important aspects The ventilated facade is an air gap. First of all, you need to understand its main functions, such as:
There are a number regulatory documents, where the minimum value of the ventilation gap is indicated. The air gap between the insulation and the facing panels should be at least 2–2.5 cm. The distance may decrease or increase depending on the evenness of the wall or the climatic characteristics of the region. The main thing is that it is enough for the normal functioning of the drainage layer. There are also very large distances - 10–13 cm.
Craftsmen advise that the gap should not exceed 15 cm, since it will not perform its main function - thermal insulation.
The calculation is made based on parameters such as:
If there are open seams on each side of the panel, then the gap should be -5 cm, provided that the facing material has a width of 0.2-1 cm and the surface area of an individual slab is 0.3-0.4 square meters. m, and with a smaller area - 3 cm. In the case of only horizontal or vertical open seams, the air gap distance should be 4 cm, when the width is also 0.2–1 cm and the surface area of one panel is 0.3–0.4 sq. m. With a smaller area, the ventilation gap should be 2 cm.
An important point when calculating the distance between the cladding and insulation is fire safety. Everyone remembers from school physics that fire burns only where there is oxygen. Since there is an air flow between the facade slabs, which can create a traction effect like in a Russian stove, it can create a situation conducive to the spread of fire throughout the building. Therefore, the greater the width of the air pocket, the greater the risk the structure is exposed to during a fire. In this regard, it is necessary to install a special barrier that will restrain air flows and prevent the spread of flames. If the gap is small (2–3 cm), then it is not required.
Today the market is overflowing with a variety of materials for installing a ventilated facade. They vary in both price and quality. In this regard, three groups are conventionally distinguished, which differ in pricing policy. This is just a basic list of systems used on ventilated facades. Every year, more and more advanced and versatile facing slabs or panels appear, which can delight you with their appearance, excellent physical properties and a reasonable price.
It is also worth understanding the fact that the choice of components should be based on the material from which the walls are built. If it is aerated concrete, then all selected materials should be lightweight. Almost any design is suitable for a monolithic or brick house.
Craftsmen classify ventilated facades according to the type of facade slabs used.
This cladding has considerable weight, so craftsmen recommend attaching such slabs only to a steel frame.
The only disadvantage of such a façade is that it must be frequently treated against pests and covered with a protective solution against mold and mildew.
A ventilated façade is a relatively recently borrowed building cladding technology. She has already proven herself in the market and received positive reviews from consumers. Today in Russia there are more than 150 companies that are engaged in the production of the necessary component materials (fastenings, facing tiles, insulation and others), its calculation for buildings and subsequent installation.
If we talk about individual companies, one of the most famous is White Hills. This company produces stone cladding panels using vibration casting technology. They have established themselves as a supplier and manufacturer of quality products that will help realize any design idea. They also have a unique system for fastening facade slabs. Thanks to it, moisture does not linger in air pockets, and the air constantly circulates.
White Hills guarantees that its products will last at least 40 years. Ventilated facades from the White Hills company are also valued abroad.
The Swiss company Alucobond is not inferior in quality. Their product is metal multi-component sandwich panels, also called alucobond. It is a durable building material that can last at least 40–50 years without repairs or any other interventions. Due to their plastic properties, such panels are easy to cut and “adjust” to the shape of the wall. They are very durable, do not corrode, and do not react to food acids and alkaline solutions.
The design of this facing material has a lot of options. The panels have a large color choice, and can also imitate various surfaces(marble, wood, chrome and others). Consumers note that they are easily and quickly attached and do not create additional load on the foundation and load-bearing walls. The disadvantages of alucobond include the following:
Nord Fox products are highly valued. It produces all the necessary components for installing a ventilated facade, as well as high-quality cladding panels. They are installed both on private buildings and on multi-storey business centers. The beauty and aesthetics of facade tiles are distinguished by the products of Facade-Stroy. It is valued for its large selection of textures and textures of materials, as well as its reasonable price.
I am pleased with the products of Scanroc. It provides a large selection of materials at a reasonable price. Japan is one of the most technically advanced countries. Japanese companies also distinguished themselves in the production of facade panels. Japanese cladding slabs are solar panels, which accumulate solar energy and convert it into electricity.
This type of facade is very expensive, but it pays off after about 5–6 years of use.
According to the rules and regulations of construction and finishing works All calculations of component materials are carried out at the design stage of a private building or house. But in practice it turns out a little differently. It happens that the owner wants to improve the external and internal condition of the building by installing a ventilated facade, where a preliminary calculation of the necessary elements will also be required.
You can do either an independent calculation or turn to specialists if you have little experience in this matter. The second option is simpler and better, since a person will receive accurate data: the number of fastening structures, the thickness and density of the insulation (it all depends on the humidity of the region and the thermal parameters of the building), as well as the amount of facing material. If you want to save money, almost anyone can handle this task.
First you need to make a construction diagram, which will indicate parameters such as height, width and length. In order not to measure yourself, you can use the technical map of the building, where all the values are indicated. Next, simple mathematical operations can be used to find the area of the walls. Since windows and doors are not covered by a ventilated façade, their square footage is subtracted from total area wall surfaces.
If the structure has an unusual or complex shape, then for ease of calculation it is divided into simple figures(square, rectangle).
Having learned the necessary parameters, you can begin to calculate the material. It’s worth starting with a vapor barrier. Its quantity is equal to the surface area of the walls. In addition to everything, you also need to add 20–30 cm from each edge to overlap in the corners in order to achieve uniformity of the coating. The amount of insulation exactly matches the area. No need to leave allowances.
The main parameters in its selection will be the density coefficient and the thickness of one plate. Each region of Russia has its own climatic characteristics, so these values are very important. Where a humid continental climate dominates, experts advise using a denser and thicker layer, but the ventilation gap should be small so that less moisture gets in. This is due to the fact that mineral wool absorbs moisture and increases its weight, and accordingly the pressure on 1 m² of wall surface increases.
Don’t forget about construction fungi for fixing the insulation. Their quantity is taken at the rate of 5–6 pieces per 1 sheet.
The facing material is equal to the area of the walls, but it is worth adding several slabs in case of defects or trimming. The larger the building, the larger the reserve should be (approximately 5–7% of the total). It will be a little difficult to calculate the metal frame. This is due to the fact that the frequency of intersections depends on the type and weight of the facade slabs or panels.
The technology for installing a ventilation façade is quite complex. To do everything correctly with your own hands, you need to do all the work step by step and without haste. As the craftsmen say, only within a year after installation will all the mistakes and inaccuracies made be revealed: it may fall off facade tiles, a piece of insulation may fall out if it is poorly attached. All work is divided into several stages.
At the places where they intersect, so-called beacons are attached - these are future places for attaching clamps for wooden beams, dowels and brackets.
It is very important that its edges overlap each other by at least 15 cm, otherwise the desired effect will not be achieved. Craftsmen advise starting to lay insulation sheets from the bottom up in a horizontal direction. This way, there will be fewer gaps and inconsistencies between the material.
There are a lot possible options design of a ventilated facade. The main thing is that beauty is combined with functionality without compromising the building. This image shows bright combination flowers, which refreshes the building and makes it more attractive.
A private house can also be unusual and modern. There is a combination of two types of facing slabs: metal and porcelain stoneware. In the northern regions of the country, it is very common to make a ventilated façade with two-layer insulation, which blocks the appearance of “cold bridges”.
The presence of two layers does not in any way affect the appearance of the building.
Facade slabs can have absolutely different shapes and texture. This example shows the successful combination of a hexagonal shape and a glass surface. The structure looks very impressive and unusual. Special attention demands to himself non-standard design roofs. The tiles were not laid strictly along the contour of the house, but were made a little higher. Because of this, the entire building seems more airy and light.
For details on the installation and marking of ventilated facades, see the following video.
Some people wonder what is the facade of a building? What is its definition? This is the front side of the building, located outside.
The concept of “facade” has another meaning: it is a drawing of an orthogonal projection of a building. The projection is carried out onto a vertical plane.
The front side comes in different types, which largely depends on its shape, proportions, and architecture. According to Wikipedia, the following varieties are distinguished:
The front side of the building is called the facade; it is where guests are greeted. But it should be borne in mind that other sides of the building are also facades. However, they are not front, but side, back, and so on. All of them are divided by design features:
To beautifully decorate the main side, some professionals advise using stucco and tiles. You can use ordinary plaster or paint.
In order to issue main view buildings, the following materials are used:
Stones are often used to finish the front side. Can be used both natural and artificial stones. The most popular natural stones are:
Artificial stones are very popular. Architectural concrete is in particular demand. It is also called “white stone”. From “white stone” you can create decorative elements for windows and doors, as well as hanging panels.
Such a design can be quite long (several square meters). Moreover, the thickness of the “white stone” is small and is about 10 cm.
Siding is a material for cladding a building. The material is presented in the form of horizontally arranged panels. They are fastened together directly on the wall of the building. Siding is a very versatile and attractive cladding element:
Thanks to all these advantages, siding is gradually replacing many of the listed materials (in particular, plaster).
Plaster, as a material for cladding the outer part of a building, is also used very often and tries not to lose its position. Developed the following types plasters: mineral, polymer, mosaic, structural, stone.
The main side should look attractive, since it is the “face” of the building.
What is included in the definition of façade can be understood and found out by studying the information.
All types of main types of buildings and structures are subject to two basic requirements:
He can be:
The “dry” type of facade systems is manufactured without the use of adhesive bases and special mortars. Thus, any part is attached using nails, screws and other elements. An example of dry facades is siding.
“Wet” facades are mounted using construction mixture. Examples are: plaster, clinker tile finishing (an adhesive base is required to secure it) and others.
Available to a wide range of buyers. It consists of the following layers:
For manufacturing, you will not need complex circuits and all kinds of aluminum fasteners, tiles and ceramic bricks, and the insulation can be simply reinforced using mesh and bolts. But there is also a small nuance - such a system cannot be installed at temperatures below +5 °C.
A huge advantage is that installation can be carried out regardless of the time of year and weather conditions. A “wet” facade gives the building integrity, but it directly depends on weather conditions and climate.
Today, the division of this building material into the following types is known:
The technology of ventilated systems is based on the formation of a gap for ventilation, which is located between the wall and the facade material.
Air begins to circulate freely in the gap, thanks to which moisture and dampness evaporate. And the material itself qualitatively protects the floors of premises from all kinds of atmospheric influences.
This type should consist of three layers:
Ventilated facades and other systems containing aluminum are not cheap. The main point in this case is the price-quality ratio.
An unventilated facade is used when the building does not have external insulation. If the facade needs to be installed on wooden building, then it is better to use a ventilated system, since wooden walls themselves release a large amount of moisture. If you do not get rid of moisture accumulation, then wooden house it will simply start to rot.
Curtain facades today occupy a worthy place among building cladding systems. The reasons for their popularity are the variety of types of material used and the fast pace of work. The system of suspended ventilated facades is an excellent opportunity to insulate the building from the outside and make it energy efficient. This design is one of the few that allows reconstruction with a radical change in appearance. At the same time, labor costs will be minimal, due to the well-thought-out mounting system and guides. Even the most complex components of curtain facades are carefully calculated and solutions for them are published in the public domain by structural manufacturers. All this is the reason that developers prefer curtained facades more often than any other type of facade systems.
Modern hinged ventilated facades have the same basic design. Guides are attached to the load-bearing wall using brackets, which can be carried out to different distance. It depends on the thickness of the thermal insulation used, which is attached between the guides to the load-bearing wall using disc dowels. The front layer is installed so that there is space between it for ventilation. It will ensure the absence of condensation and high humidity, and prevent the thermal insulation from getting wet, which can cause it to lose its properties.
It is best to use brackets, extensions, and supporting profiles that are designed for this system. The use of drywall components is not permissible, since the loads experienced by the curtain wall are disproportionately higher. For example, if for interior decoration a galvanized steel profile 0.5 mm thick is sufficient, then for exterior work it is best to use steel guides 1-2 mm thick.
Currently, a system of suspended facades made of porcelain stoneware or natural stone is popular among customers and builders. Buildings lined with these materials have a respectable appearance, especially if builders use hidden clips for installation. Porcelain tiles are presented today in hundreds of collections famous manufacturers, which allows you to give the building an individual exterior. Slabs of marble, granite, onyx or other natural stone will help make it more exclusive. This decoration ideally emphasizes the status of an office, bank or government agency.
The device of a suspended facade is also used for finishing private houses and small commercial real estate. Their owners often pursue the same goal: a reliable facade and insulation with minimal costs. In this case, inexpensive vinyl or metal siding, facade panels, and fiber cement boards are used. A more prestigious and expensive option is facade cassettes made of steel, at least 1 mm thick and coated with a polymer coating.
IN last years increasingly used as finishing material curtain facades ceramic brick. In this case, the design changes significantly, since instead of guides a system of brackets is used that transfers the load to load-bearing wall. Produced fastener made of thick quality steel that can withstand high loads for many decades. Bricks can additionally be attached to the brackets using clamps, which will allow for complex masonry, creating exclusive facades.
