The roof is a structure that serves as the end of the house in its upper part
Roof construction is one of the most important points in the process of building a house. When installing a roof, it is very important to follow the roof installation technology, violation of which can lead to troubles: heat loss, leakage, or even distortion and destruction of the entire roof frame. In order for a roof to cope with its protective functions, it must be built correctly.
The roof is an essential element of any building. Regardless of the type of roof and the materials from which it is made, this structure must be durable and perform its main functions. The main purpose of each roof is to protect the building from any weather, and in case attic floor– serve as a high-quality hydro- and heat insulator.
Designed according to expected loads and architectural features building, the roof structure will not only decorate the structure, but will also provide it with reliable protection. The more carefully the design of the roof is thought out and the parameters of the components of its design are calculated more accurately, the more practical it will be during further operation.
Diagram of a metal tile roof Based on the slope of the roofing system, they can be pitched or flat. The latter are installed horizontally or with a slope not exceeding 3%. Pitched roofs consist of inclined planes intersecting at their peaks - slopes.
The slope of such roofs is calculated based on the roofing material used. So, when covering a roof with ceramic tiles, the slope is determined by the ratio 1:2, and if it is covered with metal tiles - 1:3 (L = 16). Roofs with a slope angle of 15% or more are classified as steep, and up to 15% - flat.
Regardless of the features of the structure on which the roof is planned to be installed, its structure is assembled from the following main elements:
Roof system design Mauerlat acts as a solid foundation for the roof structure. This is the top frame made of beams made of wood or reinforced concrete. The beams must be firmly fixed to the walls of the structure. The upper surface of the beams or wooden logs must be horizontal, since the remaining structural elements will be mounted on it in the future. To protect the wood of the beams from moisture, several layers of roofing material can be laid on them.
It is the most important part of the roof structure, determining its shape, as well as providing the necessary protection and stability to the entire building. Often, the features of a given roof element determine its type and shape and allow the creation of unique roofing systems. Rafters must withstand not only the impact weather conditions, but also the total weight of the roof. Typically, the size of the timber for the frames of rafter systems is 5x15 cm.
Important!
To distribute the load evenly, the rafter beams are reinforced with additional supports: spacers laid on the mauerlat parallel to the rafters, vertical posts, inclined struts, as well as ridge and side purlins located across the rafters.
The stability and strength of the roof depends entirely on its supporting structure - the rafter system To attach the roofing material, a sheathing of small strips or boards is laid on the rafters. Wooden boards are placed at a certain distance from each other, depending on the type of roofing material. If the roof is of a roll type, the step of laying the sheathing should be no more than 1 cm. For metal tiles or polycarbonate sheets, the optimal step is about 60 cm.
For waterproofing, namely protecting the roof from moisture penetration from the outside, use a layer special film. It can be placed under or on top of the sheathing, avoiding excessive tension and sagging of the layer. At the joints of the fabric, the films are overlapped with a size of 20 cm and firmly secured with construction tape.
There is a large selection of thermal insulation materials for roof insulation. They can be laid or sprayed between rafter joists without leaving any gaps. Uneven distribution of insulation can negatively affect the quality of the thermal insulation layer and lead to a decrease in its performance characteristics.
Important!
To prevent accumulation in the roofing system excess moisture It is necessary to install special gaps to ensure sufficient ventilation.
Thermal insulation of the roof allows not only to make the house more comfortable and the microclimate in it healthy, but also to reduce energy costs by 30%. To protect against penetration of moisture into the roof from inside the structure, the insulation is covered with another layer of film. Special membrane films are designed in such a way as to absorb water vapor without leaking into the roof. Subsequently, the absorbed moisture gradually evaporates.
The very top part and face of the roof is the roofing material. To cover the roof, metal tile sheets, slate, corrugated sheets, and roofing steel are mainly used. Roofing is less commonly made from polycarbonate, ceramic tiles, and glass.
Metal tiles are a very popular material for creating a reliable roof for any building. There are a wide variety of roofing options in terms of shape. In modern construction, pitched roofs are mainly installed. Horizontal structures cannot fully protect the structure from adverse weather conditions. A lot of snow lingers on their surface, and when it rains, moisture can seep into the building.
Shapes of pitched roofs Pitched roofs vary in the number of slopes. The simplest and most economical roof design with one slope. Frame system Such a roof is mounted on the walls of a house with a certain slope, due to the fact that they have different heights. On an attic floor with such a roof it will not be possible to equip a residential attic. And the building with such a roof looks rather rustic. Such polycarbonate roofs are often built on terraces, balconies, and verandas.
The design of a pitched roof is extremely simple Gable (gable) roofs are widely used in the construction wooden house in the suburbs or private developments of small towns. It is often possible on country houses. The 2 slopes of such a roof are connected to each other by means of a ridge - a horizontal rib. This type of roofing is the most common and most practical. The space under such a roof, limited on the sides by parts of the walls of the structure, can be used as an attic or attic. Original look the building can be enhanced by installing slopes that differ in width or slope angle.
Gable roof is the most popular design in private construction Very reliable and durable construction made in European style is a hip roof (Dutch). Its frame consists of 4 slopes: 2 triangular in shape, located instead of pediments, and 2 trapezoidal slopes. Installing such a roof is a rather complex and time-consuming process, but the result justifies the effort.
Advice!
Sometimes, in order to achieve a triangle shape on the unused part of the pediment, its lower part is covered with a slope. A window is usually installed in this part.
Even more difficult to implement is the half-hip type of roof. This roof has truncated triangular slopes located above the trapezoidal ones. In addition to additional attractiveness, it is characterized by high functional qualities. In addition, the half-hip design allows you to install a fairly large window on the pediment.
Half-hip roofs are one of the most interesting options, borrowed from Northern European architecture Hip frame roofing is also a type of hip roof. It is formed by three or more slopes, their peaks connecting at the top at one point. The peculiarity of this roof is the absence of a ridge. Symmetrical triangular slopes create an impressive design in appearance. This type of roof is usually used in polygonal or square shaped houses.
A multi-gable frame roof is suitable for installation in polygonal structures. This type of roof is a rather complex structure and requires a carefully thought out, precisely drawn up plan.
A multi-gable roof will require enormous physical and financial costs, but will delight the creators with the architectural beauty of the building To install a residential attic, a broken-type roof is installed on the attic floor. The fractures of its slopes have a significant angle of inclination, which ensures the formation of large free space under the roof.
The broken roof structure allows you to increase the functionality of the building Rounded roofs in the form of a cone or dome are not installed along the entire perimeter of the building. They cover such building elements as decorative turrets or rounded terraces.
Dome houses– a relatively new word in construction, quickly gaining popularity thanks to the use of non-traditional forms Combined roof designs can combine a wide variety of frame types.
Combined roofing may include various elements hip roofs. The multi-gable design can be equipped with a large number of compact glass windows, small balconies, as well as verandas or terraces made of polycarbonate. Thus, they allow you to implement the most daring and original design solutions. Their main disadvantage is complex installation and rather expensive maintenance.
Combined roofs– the most complex in structure A wide variety of types are used in construction practice. Basically, the projection of a particular type of roof depends on the wishes and financial capabilities of the home owner. Currently, it is possible to install the most unusual roofing systems: glass, metal, polycarbonate, ceramic or metal tiles.
By giving preference to any type of roof, the owner of a private house thereby determines the features of the future frame rafter system. It is also taken into account what weather conditions the building will be in and how the attic space is planned to be used. If a residential attic is planned, the desired number of rooms in the space under the roof, as well as their purpose, are taken into account.
Flat roof is a fashionable architectural way of building a roof for country house, which has a number of advantages and functional features To cover roofing structures Various building materials are used: rigid and bendable, piece and in rolls, profiled and flat. Some are used for roofing a small house, others for a multi-story city building, and others for commercial buildings.
Sheet roofing:
Corrugated sheets and metal tiles are valued primarily for their durability. Slate is more budget option. Seam roofing, unlike metal tiles, is more often used when covering industrial buildings.
Corrugated sheeting is one of the best construction finishing materials in terms of price and quality ratio Soft types of materials:
Piece materials:
In the construction of country houses, polycarbonate roofs are often installed. Thanks to its features, the roof is durable and light. This material is characterized by strength and lightness, transmits daylight and is an alternative glass coverings. Polycarbonate roofing is used in the construction of terraces, attics, verandas, and greenhouses. Due to the presence of air chambers, polycarbonate sheets have high sound insulation and excellent heat retention indoors. In addition, the cost of polycarbonate is lower than glass coatings.
A gazebo with a polycarbonate roof is a very good option for installation in summer cottages of any size. The overhang of the cornice protruding beyond the perimeter of the walls of the house is intended to protect against precipitation. Elements of the cornice mask the line of connection between the inner surface of the roof slopes and the walls of the house and make the facade of the building complete.
Cornice overhangs are installed on the sides of the building and on the side of its facade due to the protruding edges of the inclined slopes. The overhang of the side cornice is usually 50 cm, the front one - about 1 m.
To ensure the safe operation of the front cornice, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the choice of materials.
Important!
An important point when finishing the cornice is to ensure sufficient ventilation, regardless of the type of design chosen and the size of the cornice.
In total, the number of ventilation openings should be up to 1/400 of the area of the internal space.
The roof eaves device provides an additional function of ventilation of the under-roof space The roof frame system is an important load-bearing element of any building. Depending on the materials used, roofing frames are divided into the following types:
When constructing private houses, frame gable roofing made of lumber is mainly used.
Important!
The roof frame is subject to heavy loads during operation. To ensure safety and reliable protection building, it must be as durable and high quality as possible.
Construction of a frame house with a mansard multi-gable roof For the installation of a multi-story roof apartment building Metal or concrete lean-to structures are more often used.
The choice of roof shape and type of roofing material is largely determined by the features of the architectural configuration of the structure, weather conditions, the planned direction of water flow, as well as the individual preferences of the home owner. Regardless of the type of roof, if desired, it can be supplemented and old elements can be replaced with new ones.
Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, working with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist.” Teacher of history and cultural theory." Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to present. Editor: since 2016.
Construction of a roof is an important stage in the construction of a private house. It protects residents from the sun, cold, precipitation and other surprises of nature. When drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the climate zone. Its second function is aesthetic.
Who doesn't want to live in beautiful house? A spectacular roof can become the highlight of the entire building and even a local landmark.
The choice of roof type is significantly influenced by climate.
A flat solution is appropriate in areas with minimal annual precipitation. The absence or minimal (no more than 3º) slope in an area with a large number of them will lead to the accumulation of water on the roof. Subsequently, it may begin to leak.
A pitched structure is more suitable for our latitudes. The angle of inclination depends on the amount of precipitation and is usually at least 10º. In a private house, the roof structure often involves several slopes.
The architecture of the house may include an attic. In this case, the roof is separated from the living area by an attic floor. The roofless roof also serves as the ceiling of the upper floor.
When designing a roof, you need to decide how to use the space under it. The appropriate shape and design depends on whether you plan to place a living space or a storage room on it.
The pitched roof is inclined to one side at an angle of 20-30º. The slope should be positioned towards the winds. An excellent choice for a home with walls of different heights. This simple design effectively uses space, simplifies the installation of the chimney and the subsequent addition of floors.
Among the shortcomings, it is not the most interesting view. An unusual approach (a combination of slopes at different levels, the use of metal tiles) will allow you to achieve an attractive result.
A fairly common option in our latitudes is a gable roof. The angle of inclination varies between 25-45º, the exact value depends on the amount of precipitation in the region.
The slope should facilitate its natural cleansing from snow and water. This design is suitable for attic equipment, is quickly and inexpensively installed, and opens up wide possibilities for design.
The hipped hip roof looks original, protects the facade from precipitation and is not afraid of strong winds. You can build an attic or attic underneath it, but their area will be smaller than in the gable version. The disadvantage of the design is the complexity and labor intensity of construction.
The original half-hip roof combines the last two types. It has a trapezoidal pediment, due to which it is resistant to the vagaries of the weather. May have two or four slopes. The spectacular appearance hides the complexity of installation and roofing.
The tent is a kind of tent or pyramid in the form of four triangular slopes. Accordingly, the house should have the shape of a rectangle or square. A good covering option would be metal tiles or slate.
The multi-gable roof has an attractive appearance and is suitable for houses of non-standard architecture with extensions. The complexity of the design, including many slopes and angles with different inclinations, makes its installation accessible only to an experienced craftsman.
A beautiful and unusual domed or conical roof will suit a structure with a round or multifaceted shape. A durable and earthquake-resistant design is not afraid of surprises presented by the weather.
The main disadvantages are the impossibility of organizing the attic and the extreme complexity of installation. Rarely used in private homes.
Roof types can be combined. The architect has ample opportunities to create functional and aesthetic option. The other side of the coin is that construction, design and maintenance are associated with considerable difficulties.
The architecture of the house also plays a role in choosing the shape of the roof: for example, to a building in classic style Gable or multi-gable is more suitable. Photos of the roofs of private houses will help you make your choice.
In private homes, an attic or attic is often equipped. This decision is justified by a number of benefits obtained. Perhaps the most important of them is the additional space without constructing a full floor.
Competently organized system ventilation and thermal insulation of the attic will improve the microclimate of the house. With the right approach, you can effectively use even the space between the roof and the walls of the attic. Windows built into the roof will provide the room with maximum natural light.
Before starting work, make sure that the load-bearing walls and foundation can withstand the new loads.
The angle of inclination of the attic roof is usually 45-60º ( top part may be at an angle of 25-35º).
The traditional roofing material is slate (asbestos-cement corrugated sheets). Despite being reliable and cheap, it remains quite heavy. The suitable roof angle for its use is 13-60º.
Not suitable for flat roofs, as precipitation getting into the cracks will reduce the service life. Bituminous slate is used starting from a 5º slope. The pitch of the sheathing depends on the angle: if it is less than 10º, a continuous flooring is required.
Ondulin, similar to slate, does not have the most presentable appearance. Suitable for outbuildings, can also be used in repairing the roof of a private house. At the expense of its advantages is strength and durability.
Practical, inexpensive, lightweight metal the profile will be a good alternative to slate. You can choose the coating of your favorite color.
Roofing felt is often used to provide thermal insulation rather than full coverage. It is a soft black material.
The tiles have high decorative qualities, are reliable and lightweight. Produced by the most different colors. The high cost of the roof can discourage you from choosing it. A suitable slope for ceramic tiles is 30-60º. If it is less than 25º, care must be taken to increase ventilation and waterproofing.
Perhaps the most popular roofing for a private house is metal tiles. It can be used starting from a 15º slope.
Bituminous shingles will follow the surface of any curvature, so it will become good choice For unusual roof(for example, dome). The minimum tilt angle is 12º.
When building a house, such an important detail of the entire structure as the roof is of great importance for the aesthetic perception of the building and protection from unpleasant weather conditions. A variety of types of roofing, depending on the shape factor, type, size, as well as design features, require appropriate building materials and complex calculations of loads on various elements of the roof structure.
To answer the question of what roof shapes there are, let's look at some of them. Depending on the angle of inclination, roofs are divided into two main categories:
Flat roof
Flat roofs - the angle of inclination of such roofs is usually 2 - 3 degrees, if you relate this angle to the horizon. The use of such roofs in the construction of private houses can be found very rarely. This is due to the fact that maintenance of roofs of this shape becomes problematic. During rainy periods, water stagnates on the roof, and in the winter season, accumulated snow will need to be removed independently.
Apparently, due to these reasons, these types of roofs are not widespread in private construction, although they may have some positive aspects. When erecting this type of roof, you can significantly save on building materials, and the resulting additional area use it to your advantage by arranging a relaxation area for your loved ones and guests or a small beautiful garden.
Pitched roof Pitched roofs - these types of roofs are very practical to use; usually the angle of inclination of such roofs can start from 10 degrees or more. During the winter and rainy seasons, precipitation does not accumulate on it; snow or rainwater quietly drains away along the slopes. It is for this reason that the use of pitched roofs has become so popular in private construction.
What types of roofs are there for houses with pitched surfaces? To answer this question, consider some types of roofing of this type:
One of the most convenient in construction are pitched roofs, whose slope is no more than 4 - 6 degrees. Such roofs are mainly erected in garages, sheds and other outbuildings. It is quite easy to install shed roofs, but they are still rarely found in suburban or dacha construction residential buildings, mainly this type of roof is used for outbuildings.
If there is a need to use an attic space, then they build an attic roof, which can be gable and have broken lines of the roof contour. The hip roof is very practical to use; these types of roofs cope well with various types of load, including wind. But this type of roof is not as easy to install as the previous ones. Its construction requires much more building materials and requires a competent team of professionals to ensure that everything is done very accurately and correctly. Next, we will take a closer look at the different types and designs of roofs.
When choosing a roof and its type, you need to consider all factors. Don't just look at durability characteristics or other practical parameters, but also consider what appearance and shape your roof will have in terms of aesthetics and artistic value.
For example, a mansard roof not only looks aesthetically beautiful due to its broken shapes, but it is also very practical to use. If there is a heavy snowfall, the snow masses will not linger on such a roof.
What types of roof are there? Let's look at them in more detail.
The popularity of a particular type of roof is often explained either by the ease of its creation, or by economic factors, or by the climatic conditions of the area. Let's briefly talk about what types of roofs there are and why they are so good and popular today.
It is not at all surprising that this particular type of roof comes in first place. Even in ancient times, our ancestors built houses, namely, with gable roofs, and only then Western trends came to Russia, such as mansard or dome roofs, as well as hip roofs.
This is one of the most popular and comfortable roofs for private houses. A roof with two slopes resting on walls of equal height and forming a space in the form of a triangle (gables) is sometimes called a “gable roof.” The installation of such a roof is much more complicated than the construction of a pitched roof, but the choice of roofing material for it is simplified. It is not inferior to it in functional characteristics: it also easily copes with snow, rain, and wind. From a design point of view, a gable roof looks much better than a single-pitch roof.
Hip roof Hip roofs already have 4 slopes, two of which are trapezoidal in shape, and two are triangular.
This type of roof gets its name from the word “hips,” which means triangular slopes that are located on the front side. When constructing such a roof, beams and double ties are used. In addition, it is necessary to equip drains for each slope, the slope of which is usually made up to 45 degrees. Only a steep enough slope can drain both water and snow, and also withstand strong gusty winds. The construction of hip roofs requires a lot of labor, as a rather complex rafter system is used.
Half-hip roofs are another type of hip roof, which differs from the hip roof in that it has a truncated triangular slope, usually located higher than the trapezoidal slopes. Its only drawback is the large consumption of material to cover those areas of the roof that are adjacent to the roof ribs.
Also applies to gable roofs with broken lines of slopes. Such fractures increase the area and volume of the attic, which is commonly called the attic. The pentagonal shape of the gables of mansard roofs attracts the attention of almost all passersby. It is not very difficult to build such a roof. However, during construction you are unlikely to do without insulating your attic.
The cost of the roof is approximately 15 to 20% of the total cost of constructing the entire house. Creating an attic under the roof is the most economical option obtaining additional premises. Therefore, it may be very appropriate to slightly increase the cost of the attic, which will give you another full floor. And there you can arrange summer bedrooms and recreation rooms for young family members and guests.
But why does an attic increase costs compared to building a simple attic? This is connected, of course, with the need to insulate the roof; residential premises require this. Additional infusions will be required and due to the inevitable complication of the roof structure with an attic, there cannot be struts and braces that would be located in the living rooms themselves. For these purposes, they came up with this form of roof (in the form of an attic) with braces and racks above the ceiling of residential premises.
The presence of an attic floor makes it necessary to place a layer of thermal insulation under the roof, and therefore a multi-layer roof arises. Thermal insulation material With internal lining They are usually attached to the rafters (to the inside), and sheathing is mounted on the outside and the direct roof covering is laid. In this case, it is necessary to strengthen truss structures due to the multi-layer roof. This can be done by increasing the number of rafters, while reducing the distances between them. A successful solution to this problem can be considered the use of metal rafter structures.
One of the important positive points mansard roof we can assume that the arrangement of the attic can be done later, since the space of the resulting attic will no longer require major complex work.
If you want to save money, but at the same time build a two-story mansion, then we recommend that you take a closer look at the mansard type of roof. This is a great option!
Previously, flat roofs were not popular in private housing construction. But in Lately Interest in flat roofs has grown again and is on the radar of modern architects and designers. Flat roofs have unique features due to their flat surface. On such a roof you can plant a flower garden, arrange a sports ground or a small swimming pool. This solution is especially suitable for areas with warm climates. Although in central Russia you can use this roof option if you use a special system of removable canopies. They will be able to protect the desired part or the entire flat roof from annoying rain.
There are many most different types similar canopies, but transparent glass structures are especially attractive. They provide additional light to the upper rooms of your home; you can use special lanterns for evening lighting. And here you can find a great place for solar panels and water heating elements, if necessary.
The advantages of flat roofs include low costs for its construction, since the cost decreases due to the reduction total area roofs and the absence of complex rafter structures.
Many people hesitate to build such roofs for fear of problems with drainage. But you should not be afraid of this; installing drainage systems from a flat roof is no more difficult than creating storm drains. And the roof itself should have a small, barely noticeable slope so that the emerging water can flow to the drains. Drainage systems are usually installed outside and inside the house.
Many people find it convenient to combine storm drainage with the internal sewerage system of the building, but do not forget to take into account the level of precipitation in your region.
The disadvantages of a flat roof include problems with thermal insulation. It can be difficult to cope with the strong heating of residential premises during the hot season, but it is not difficult to create a system of protection against the cold (as in the case of a mansard roof).
If in a pitched roof the “heat exchanger” is the attic, then in a house with a flat roof it has to be created in a special way. The main thing is to know that between the ceiling of living rooms and the roof of the roof there must be ventilation, in any form. Create a small ventilated attic or special ventilation ducts, which are best located under the roofing material.
In this section, we will consider what types of roofs there are, besides the most popular and widely known among the population of our country. This group presents types and designs of roofs of unusual and beautiful shapes, but requiring practical skills to create them. What are the different roof shapes of original structures and where can they be used? We will briefly present them later in the text.
Shed roof Feature This type of roof is that it has a rafter system that rests on walls of different heights, and since one wall is slightly higher than the other, a slope is formed due to this. Such roofs are quite easy to construct, and to cover them, you can use inexpensive and reliable materials such as ondulin, slate, and roofing felt. The convenience of such roofs is obvious; precipitation does not accumulate on them, flowing smoothly in the direction of the slope. Therefore, you can clearly understand where water drains need to be installed, ensuring the building is reliably dry.
The truth and shortcomings are obvious. One of the most important things is that the room will have no attic. Today it is very rare to see private houses that have a pitched roof.
Usually it has four slopes of identical triangles that converge at one upper point. If you like houses in the shape of an equilateral polygon (for example, a square), then a hip roof will help you out, which looks like a tent and looks great. However, installing such a roof is not easy; it has a very complex rafter system.
Multi-gable roof Standard roof This type (also called valley) has a very complex structure: a large number of external ribs and valleys (internal corners) at the junction of the slopes. When erecting such a roof, be sure to contact specialists with experience in its installation. The multi-gable roof is used for the construction of polygonal-shaped houses that have many different extensions and side attics.
Dome-shaped roofs usually cover only part of the building, rarely the entire structure. During its construction, a frame of curved elements is used, and soft materials are used to cover the roof (fiberglass, roofing felt, bitumen shingles), and flexible (galvanized steel or plastic tiles). Some lovers of the ancient and unique style even today decorate their “castles” with domed roofs of the most different sizes.
Building a spherical roof has become a little more popular lately. Under this type of roof, gazebos are usually placed, as well as other types of buildings (stadiums, cathedrals and churches), which also have a roof or dome type. Therefore, it cannot be said that this type of roof has no application at all.
But still it loses very significantly to such types of roofing as a gable roof or mansard.
A green roof uses natural soil and planted greenery as a roof covering, while plants grow on the same well-groomed surface.
Green roof soil. U green roof all the positive properties of flat roofs are present, but when creating
eliminate its main drawback (difficulty with ventilation) with the help of a special ventilation gasket. This gasket not only limits the growth of plant roots, but also allows you to save water necessary for the life of green spaces. In addition, which is also important, it also serves to aerate the root system of the green lawn.
Another advantage is that a green roof is a very unique phenomenon for almost any area in our country. The popularity of flat roofs will undoubtedly grow from year to year along with the development of latest technologies in this direction. If you want to be known as the owner of a home with a “fashionable” roof, then create your dream with a beautiful, comfortable flat green roof.
Having decided on the type of roof, mansard, gable, and perhaps dome, you need to select the appropriate materials that are optimal for each type. What types of roofs are there and what material they are covered with – we will try to answer these questions in this section.
The five most common types of roofing used in construction today are roll roofing, made from materials based on various mastics, composite types (sheet), and membrane. Let's look at them in more detail.
To make this type of roofing, special bitumen and polymer materials are used, the base of which is cardboard and fiberglass. During the manufacturing process of such materials, special modifiers are added, which then give the entire material water resistance, heat resistance, and others. beneficial features. It can also be noted that these additives protect the material from cracks, which of course has a positive effect on their service life.
Roll roofing When installing such a roof, the roll is unwound and laid in several layers, usually from 3 to 4. But they are not simply laid, but glued together with mastic or fused to each other.
This type of roofing would be universal, it is easy to install, very inexpensive, but it has some disadvantages. This material does not have a very attractive appearance, this material may be susceptible to rotting. Therefore, such roofing material is often used to cover sheds or other utility rooms, which are usually made with a pitched roof.
This type of roof covering has very high resistance to punctures or various types of tension. Membrane coverings are used for installation on roofs with slight slopes. You can cover your roof with this material quite quickly. And excellent protective properties will allow you to keep roofs in their original form for a long time.
To this type roofing coverings can be attributed to more modern views, such as metal tiles, artificial slate, made from bitumen and corrugated sheets of cardboard.
Roof tiles The main and main representative of the piece material can be safely called ceramic tiles. This material is still very popular, although it is already several thousand years old. It can still be seen on all shapes and types of roofs. The performance characteristics of this material are very high. Ceramic tiles do not require constant maintenance, meet environmental characteristics, and are a soundproof coating. It also has the ability not to accumulate static voltage, as in other materials.
Well, the most main feature this material, in its unique durability. In one of the Western countries there is even an ancient castle, which is many hundreds of years old, and it still stands under a tiled roof, safe and sound
They say that the disadvantage of ceramic tiles is their high weight. But on the other hand, it is precisely this quality that allows a roof with such a coating to successfully withstand heavy snow and wind.
Today, ceramic products are gradually being replaced by similar products made from concrete and various mixtures of cement and sand, which are included in the final product. Such analogues may be easier for installation work, but they significantly reduce the service life of the material.
Let us briefly mention this type of material as flexible tiles. It is made from fiberglass, and sometimes cellulose or asbestos cardboard is used. Inner side covered with a layer of self-adhesive rubber bitumen, and the front part consists of fine mineral chips. The weight of this coating is very light. And the most important advantage is that it can be quickly and easily replaced without having to dismantle the entire coating.
Construction of sandwich panels It is impossible not to mention such material as sandwich panels. It arose with the recent rapid development of “rapid construction” technology. They are made from 2 sheets of steel, as well as one layer of insulation. The panels have very good strength characteristics and, according to manufacturers, can even compete with other materials in terms of resistance to temperature changes, ranging from -50 to +50.
Such panels will look good on roofs different types and type, but mainly they are used in the field of office construction of buildings, retail space, and hangars. If desired, such panels can be easily painted in any color, which, of course, improves the aesthetic appearance of buildings made from this material.
Basically, such panels, due to their modularity, have proven themselves well in the construction of sheds and utility rooms for household equipment, but you can also find houses made according to this sandwich panel fashion that came to us from the West.
With the help of sandwich panels, you can quite easily erect the roof of a building, while the interior will be comfortable and warm in winter period, and in the summer it will be pleasantly cool. The disadvantages of this material, perhaps, include only a relatively short service life, only 30 years.
When getting ready to build a roof, you need to think through everything down to the smallest detail, types and structures of the roof, design and quality protection, with or without an attic space. And of course, you need to decide on the choice of suitable materials so that the appearance of the roof pleases the soul and eyes!
So, it has long been known that every house can provide much more information about its owner than he will tell about himself. The walls of a house, and especially its roof, tell not only about wealth, but also about the tastes of its owners. Remember this when choosing a beautiful, comfortable, and most importantly, suitable roof for your future home.
It is impossible to imagine a house without a roof. To create a roof, the most different materials. For each building you can choose your own suitable option. Some are often used to cover country houses and cottages, while others decorate outbuildings.
To make the right choice, you should know what materials are available and what they are intended for.
It is durable, beautiful, but sometimes noisy. is a steel sheet of various thicknesses (up to 0.5 millimeters), with a galvanized coating. Its surface is coated with a special varnish that protects it from damage. Underneath there are more layers: ground and aluminum. The weight of the sheet is quite light, square meter weighs only 3-5 kilograms.
Metal tiles are used to cover the roofs of private buildings, industrial buildings, and garages. A false roof looks interesting when layers of metal tiles are laid on a flat roof at a slope.
It is durable, service life is up to 50 years. Taking into account the relatively low cost - 400-1000 rubles, investing in such roofing design seems quite reasonable.
Advantages:
Flaws:
This is a steel profiled sheet, a close “relative” of metal tiles, with a zinc layer and polymer protection. It can be rectangular or wavy, somewhat thicker than the previous type. Available in the form of a wave, rectangle or trapezoid.
It is most often used to cover outbuildings, as well as the roofs of cottages and country houses.
Advantages:
The disadvantages include noise; it is necessary to soundproof the roof.
An attractive material that is made from cellulose fibers impregnated with bitumen, with polymer components added. Many people call it “Euro slate”. The top is covered with two layers of paint. One sheet weighs about 6 kilograms and has the appearance of a wave. Standard sizes units – 2*0.96 meters.
It is used to create roofs on outbuildings, bathhouses, and is used to implement complex roofing due to its flexibility. Often used to replace old coating.
Advantages:
Flaws:
The most common and inexpensive material. It consists of Portland cement and asbestos, one sheet weighs 10-15 kilograms. Dimensions vary: width 98-113 centimeters, length 175 centimeters. Depending on the size, there are a number of waves from 6 to 8.
Used to cover sheds, baths, summer toilets. It can also be used for private construction, but recently it is rare. Only under conditions of very limited funds.
Advantages:
Flaws:
Consists of zinc coated steel sheets. Quite often it also has a polymer layer. The sheets have a special connection - a fold. The type of sheet fastening depends on its type.
It is used to create roofs at industrial facilities, for complex roofs (cathedrals, estates), and administrative buildings. Can be used to cover private buildings.
Advantages:
Flaws:
Sheets with a thickness of 0.3 millimeters, weight: copper sheet - 5-10 kilograms, aluminum - 3-5 kilograms.
Advantages:
The disadvantages include the very high cost.
It consists of fiberglass impregnated with bitumen with modifiers, top coated with stone (shale or basalt) chips.
Used to create roofing non-standard shape or mansard roof.
Advantages:
Flaws:
It is created on the basis of fiberglass, polyester or fiberglass. The base is oxidized bitumen with the addition of a modifier, which gives the material elasticity. The verification contains a layer of polymer and sprinkles.
It is used both to create flat roofs for multi-storey buildings and in private residential construction.
Advantages:
Flaws:
Requires special storage conditions: only in a vertical position, away from heating devices.
The following types are distinguished:
Used to design flat roofs on industrial buildings and residential buildings.
Advantages:
Flaws:
It is created under production conditions by prolonged firing at high temperatures. The surface can be glazed. The tiles are heavy; with dimensions of 30*30 centimeters, a unit weighs more than 2 kilograms. There are several varieties: grooved and flat, stamped and row, grooved, single- and double-wave tiles.
It is used to cover the roofs of houses, regardless of the number of floors.
Advantages:
Flaws:
It consists of a solution of sand and cement, which is pressed. Dyes are used to add color and glaze. It can be smooth or with a profile pattern. The weight is approximately 40 kilograms per square meter.
Used to create roofs on residential buildings, the number of floors is not limited.
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Flaws:
This is a natural material that is not widely used due to its too high cost. However, it can be purchased in the form of tiles, which are made by hand. With a thickness of 4 millimeters, it weighs up to 25 kilograms per square meter.
Advantages:
The disadvantages include the very high cost.
It is a liquid that is created on the basis of oligomers. It hardens in air but retains good elasticity. Excellent adhesion to surfaces such as bitumen, concrete, metal.
Used in areas where winter is very harsh or where summer temperatures are high.
Advantages:
But during installation it is quite difficult to make the coating of the same thickness.
Everyone focuses on several basic criteria when choosing a roofing material. But we can highlight the main points that are worth paying attention to.
The choice of roofing material depends, first of all, on the basic parameters of the roof of the house: decorative features, reliability and weight of the material. In addition to attractive external parameters, the load on the walls should be taken into account. Eg, natural tiles weighs 15 times more than metal.
The service life is indicated without taking into account some factors: operating conditions, climate features. For example, it is worth understanding that in hot climates, asphalt shingles will not last long.
The cost depends on their quality characteristics, service life, and production capabilities. When choosing, you should take into account the thickness of the elements, type and main characteristics. In addition, it is worth adding to the final calculation the cost of installation and possible expenses for spare parts.
Do not forget about the installation of eaves, hydro- and vapor barrier of the roof, as well as the costs of delivery and transportation. The cost of different brands and manufacturers also differs. The price is affected by availability and composition protective coating, shape and color.
If the cost is not in Russian currency, it is worth taking into account fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate relative to foreign currencies.
On average, the following prices for roofing material are calculated per square meter, excluding work:
The roofs of private houses are one of the fundamental elements of the entire structure. A spectacular, appropriately designed roof is the calling card of the house, a measure of the taste of the owners. An important supporting structure, it is designed to protect housing from the vagaries of the weather and maintain comfortable temperature and humidity. Modern construction offers all kinds of roofs for a private home. All of them can become a reliable, sustainable and durable solution, provided that the loads on the structure are correctly calculated and the appropriate building materials are selected.
The roof is like a business card Source freepvpgame.com
The main division of roofs into types is made depending on their appearance, and even the naked eye of a layman can distinguish one type of roof from another.
Modern fashion trends made flat roofing a popular trend in private construction. Roofs of this type are soft and have a slope of up to 3°. They can be a worthy option for many reasons:
The main disadvantage is the small slope angle. In areas with snowy winters On such a roof, a large mass of snow can accumulate, sufficient to damage the structure. With warming, there is a high probability of leaks, but this is mainly a feature of buildings during the construction of which the construction technology was violated.
You can place a relaxation area on the flat roof Source krovlyaikrysha.ru
Pitched roofing – with sloping surfaces that allow the roof to self-clean naturally. The slope of the slopes is characterized by the angle to the horizon; it can vary from 5° to 70°.
Pitched types of roofing of private houses allow the attic space to be used for household needs and as an attic. The design of a pitched roof depends both on the architecture of the building and the material for the finishing coating, as well as on the climate.
There are various pitched roofs of houses, the varieties are grouped according to the shape and number of slopes:
Hip roof; ideal for a house in the form of a square or regular polygon Source happymodern.ru
Interest in spherical structures is always high. In addition to the original appearance, they attract additional advantages:
To find out the approximate cost of different types of roofing, use the following calculator:
Professional builders know that slope angles for roofs are selected based on the upcoming operating conditions. When determining optimal angle The slope of the roof takes into account several factors:
A properly designed roof should withstand the wind and precipitation that is typical for the area.
Snow does not accumulate on a properly made roof Source nagradi.me
The minimum slope angle of the slopes depends on the choice of roofing covering.
What the roof should be like - in the video:
Despite the high interest in flat roofs, the leader in popularity is still pitched roofs, which, with some stretch, can also include hip roofs. Therefore, when determining optimal design mainly choose from the following options:
This design is an inclined plane that rests on external load-bearing walls of different heights. It is supplied to outbuildings (garage, veranda, barn). Its advantages are ease of installation, cost-effectiveness and ease of repair. Disadvantages: choosing such a roof excludes the construction of an attic; strong wind can tear off even a well-secured roof. But modern materials significantly increase both the beauty and strength of pitched roofs of private houses - the photo below shows one of the solutions that allows you to make a two-story house with an attic.
Modern style pitched roof Source houzz.es
Classic roof options for a private house, reliably protecting from bad weather in various climatic conditions. Such designs are easy to install and reliable in operation; You can select any material for the roof. The base consists of 2 slopes (slopes), resting on two walls of equal height.
Other name gable roof– tongs (tongs is the plane between the slopes).
Advantages:
Flaws:
Multi-gable (valley) frames are among the most complex. The need for such a configuration arises if the layout of the building does not allow the use of a simpler design. The features of multi-pincer forms are:
The hip roof consists of four surfaces (slopes). The two large slopes have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, the two side slopes are triangular (hips). In half-hip roofs (they are also called Dutch), the hip takes on a truncated appearance, which is why overhangs with a small overhang and a smaller angle of inclination are formed at the ends of the building.
These types of roofing for the roof of a private house are complex in design and installation (they require reinforcement of the rafter system), but are economical in terms of material consumption; they are justified in northern areas with strong winds.
On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer roof repair and design services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
The roof consists of slopes in the shape of isosceles triangles, converging at one point. Such a structure, which involves the construction of an attic floor, is difficult to design; mitigating circumstance - minimum Supplies. The aerodynamic shape of the roof helps to withstand winds.
A special class of roofs consists of round (dome) roofs, repeating the shape of a figure of rotation. Similar roofs can be seen on religious buildings; they are installed in stadiums, swimming pools, industrial buildings, verandas and winter gardens, and increasingly in private construction.
A vaulted (arched) roof can be designed over an attic space, a hall, a winter garden or an entrance. A supporting structure made of metal, concrete or wood is placed at the base. The coating is galvanized steel, shingles (shingles), glass, polycarbonate, transparent slate. This solution is practical and original; the coating is wind-resistant, and the use of transparent material saves energy.
A conventional dome roof is created on the basis of a curved frame.
A geodesic dome roof allows you to get a spherical structure without the use of rafters and vertical stops. The frame is assembled from triangular elements assembled from bars. The bars are connected to each other by metal connectors; A connecting beam is installed between the rows.
To design the structure it is necessary computer program three-dimensional modeling. Compared to pitched roof material consumption is on average one third less.
For several centuries now, since its invention in France, mansard roofs have enjoyed constant popularity. An attic is usually called an attic space adapted (or planned) for living.
The types of roofs of private houses with an attic are pleasingly diverse. All kinds of attics are suitable for arranging attics - gable, hip, hipped, domed. There is enough space in the attic to create a living room, training room, library or winter garden. Since the attic room is located in the upper part of the building, it requires a special approach:
The use of one or another type of material for roof cladding is determined primarily by the climatic characteristics of the region. Even the traditional “issue price” often gives in to common sense - no one has ever managed to save on the quality of a roof. The most popular materials are traditionally:
The tiles can be laid on any roof shape Source dnolchare.blogspot.com
Slate is the most affordable material containing up to 15% asbestos. This limits its scope of application to commercial buildings. Slate has great strength during bending and impact; it is non-flammable and easy to process (cut with a grinder). The disadvantages are fragility, high hygroscopicity (over time it can become covered with moss) and a health hazard.
A glass roof (especially its spectacular panoramic version) attracts with many advantages. In addition to the original appearance, this design provides excellent weather protection and helps reduce energy bills. The main disadvantage is its cost, including the complexity of design and installation. In addition, in summer the room turns into a greenhouse, and in order not to look sloppy, the glass roof needs regular cleaning.
Growing attention to environmental issues has generated interest in the green roof. Modern technical solutions, developed in Scandinavian countries, make it possible to realize the desire to communicate more often with nature.
Timber log house with eco-roof Source pinterest.com
During installation, layers of hydro- and thermal insulation with a waterproof membrane are laid on the roof, protecting the roof from roots. Then a drainage layer is formed and, finally, a vegetation layer (soil) on which plants can be planted.
An eco-roof serves not only decorative element. It maintains a stable microclimate in the house, protects against noise and reduces the load on the sewer system (by absorbing rainwater). At the same time, significant expenses on organization and time for subsequent care are inevitable.
Another option for a “green” roof Source pfpi-co.com
See the following video for interesting types of roofs of private houses:
And further original varieties roofs of houses in the photo:
Symbiosis of a flat and pitched roof of a high-tech style house Source viendoraglass.com
Interesting design solution for pitched roof Source remontbp.com
A window in the attic was once a complex technical task Source superdom.ua
The absence of a ceiling visually enlarges the room Source music4good.ru
Conical and pitched roofs on one house Source cosmictherap.com
The production of such structures should be trusted exclusively to professionals. Source horodom.cx.ua
To ensure that such beauty remains functional, careful calculations are required. Source roofcostestimator.com
Classic solution for a two-story house Source za.pinterest.com
In such a design, it is very important to correctly make the points where the roof of the first floor meets the walls. Source houzz.com
Classic gable roof, but assembled on several levels Source houzz.com
Hip roof with an additional canopy over the terrace and a dormer window Source casacom.pro
In such structures, it is necessary to carefully calculate the possibility of shrinkage of the building Source pinterest.com
A large window in the attic provides good lighting in the room Source houzbuzz.com
An original design that requires careful windage calculations Source pinterest.com
“Modified” classic gable roof Source dom-izhevsk.ru
What is interesting here is not so much the design as the cladding material Source superfb.site
An example of arranging a flat roof as an outdoor recreation area Source michalschein.com
Ideal solution for a roof over a swimming pool - the area can be completely covered if necessary Source rus-teplitsa.ru
When starting the construction of a private house, the owner wants to choose a roof that is not only aesthetically perfect, but also reliable and capable of serving for a long time. This choice is not always straightforward; each option has pros and cons. To accept correct solution, it is not enough just to know the types of roofs and their names - you should consider a set of issues, including design features and the general architecture of the building, climatic conditions and, of course, personal preference.
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