The shape of the stairs can be straight, rotary, spiral, have winder steps or platforms between flights. But perhaps the most common is the staircase L-shaped. Its use will provide a comfortable climb, and if there are winder steps on the intermediate platform, it will help save space. To work without the involvement of professionals, you should familiarize yourself with how to correctly calculate and make an L-shaped staircase with your own hands.
This staircase got its name due to the fact that in the top view it resembles the letter “L” in its rotation.
According to the material, it can be completely varied design. It is possible to use wood, metal, glass, marble, tiles, stone, concrete, laminate, etc. The staircase can be made either entirely from one material or combined. And the space formed under the staircase often serves as storage space or a small library.
Such a staircase may have an intermediate platform with or without winder steps. Pouring concrete over formwork, wooden or metal stringers or bowstring.
At this stage it is worth deciding on the placement of the stairs, materials and shape.
To calculate the steps, you will need the parameters of the room in which the staircase will be located, namely its height and projection of the staircase onto the floor of the lower floor, opening parameters.
We decide on the width of the stairs. It is best to do it at least 90 centimeters. To calculate the number of steps, you need to determine their height parameter. The most comfortable size would be a step with a riser equal to 20-25 centimeters, with a tread width of 30-40 centimeters. You can select the parameters of the steps using the given numbers, or try using special formulas:
Where e is the tread size and j is the riser size.
When designing a staircase with winder steps, it is necessary to take into account that the tread in the narrowest part should be at least 10 centimeters, and the size in the middle should be the same for all steps on this platform and at least 20 centimeters.
If the edges of the tread protrude beyond the supporting structure of the stairs, then this value should be no more than four centimeters.
Compliance with these requirements will ensure not only comfortable, but also safe movement along the stairs.
To correctly calculate the tapering steps, you need to make a plan drawing. We mark a line on it that will divide the intermediate area diagonally. Let's call it AC. Moreover, point A should be located in the center of the rounding radius. There are two options for the arrangement of steps on the site: an even number and an odd number. This will affect which parts of the steps are on the center line of the turning radius. Thus, a straight AC can divide a step in half or be located on the adjacent side of two steps. When marking the number of winder steps, you should make sure that its middle part corresponds to a comfortable tread width, let’s call it b. To understand how many winder steps our staircase will have, we extend the edge of step 4 in such a way as to obtain line EB, and place point B at the intersection of this line with line AC. Next, we extend the AC line to an arbitrary distance and place point D. We divide the resulting segment into parts, the number of which corresponds to the required number of steps. The division must occur in such a way that it meets the requirements: segment A2 is equal to two parts, segment 23 is equal to three, and segment 34 is equal to four. One part is taken to be a segment of arbitrary length, which will be equal to one conventional unit.
After this, you need to connect point 4 to point B. From points 2 and 3 we draw a line, crossing AB. They must be parallel to line 4B. The points obtained on section AB are connected on line AC with points 3 and 2. The resulting lines will help determine the number and shape of steps.
The calculation, provided that the AC line divides the stage in half, is performed in a similar way.
Consider the process of installing a rotary L-shaped stairs on stringers.
Stages of work:
The width of the narrowest part of the stringer should not be less than 15 centimeters.
The holes should be made vertically to ensure a secure and level mounting.
It is possible to install steps without risers, but in this case, to strengthen the structure, supports are used for the lower turning step. It will relieve the load acting along the fibers.
When manufacturing and installing stairs, builders often face the problem of lack of space. An excellent solution is wooden stairs with winder steps. To make them yourself, you need to know some nuances, which we will discuss below.
It should be said right away that the winder steps cannot be considered as separate element structures, since their use determines general device products. As a rule, winder wooden stairs have a complex design. Instead of a traditional platform, they have a smooth turn.
In this case, the tread standards are observed only along the middle line, while the inner edge turns out to be narrow. As mentioned above, winder steps are made to save space in the room.
They can be installed anywhere – either along the wall or right in the middle of the room. From the point of view of convenience and compactness, this is the most optimal option.
However, where there are pros, there are also cons. Winder stairs are no exception in this sense.
Their disadvantages include:
Before you start working on the structure, you will have a difficult choice: make calculations and make the stairs yourself or buy a structure ready for installation.
If you want to purchase ready product, then the following nuances should be taken into account:
It follows that it is much more expedient to take up the production staircase design yourself, if, of course, you have at least a little experience working with wood.
To make a staircase, before performing all the calculations, you will need to decide on the material. It is best to use hardwood. Great option there will be an oak staircase.
The wood structure of the oak structure looks great with almost any interior. And if desired, it can be painted in any color to give the design originality. However, ash and other types of wood can also be used.
For an example of calculation, let's take a staircase that has two parallel flights with a turn made using winder steps.
First of all, the future staircase must be created on paper. To calculate, you first need to draw two marches. In the center of the march it is necessary to draw the line ABC - this is middle line movement, in accordance with which the width of steps is applied.
The line must begin to be drawn from the rounded top so that the step located in the middle is divided in half by the line BC (sketch a in the diagram). In this way, ordinal divisions are obtained.
Advice! How more quantity straight steps, the more comfortable the staircase will be, and the smoother the transition to the winder steps.
Then you need to draw a line DE horizontally, capturing three straight steps, enclosing the highest one. The regulation of the width of the step will begin from there, connecting two lines on the line of movement with the middle A.
After drawing a line until the lines intersect with the line DE and obtain the next segment, it must be continued from point D to E, until the next points are obtained. The resulting points should be connected by corresponding lines according to their numerical value, which are marked along the line of movement.
The result of such calculations is a horizontal projection of the shape of the winder steps of the staircase on the left side. The right side is calculated in the same way.
In addition, when independently calculating the winder steps, it is necessary to take into account the following points:
Calculating beams is very simple, using Pythagoras’ law - the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs. You need to add about 30 centimeters to the resulting figure.
When creating a staircase, you will need the following set of tools:
Do-it-yourself winder steps can be made of two types - on bowstrings or stringers. The most common option is the first type - on bowstrings. In this case, the elements made in accordance with the calculations are cut into the supporting base, i.e. the bowstring, while the bowstring itself remains in sight.
Making a staircase on stringers is a little more difficult, since load-bearing beams it is necessary to make rectangular cutouts on which the steps will be laid. This type of structure is wider, the stringers are hidden, and only the steps and risers remain visible.
If aesthetics and conciseness come first for you, then it is better to give preference to stringers. To do this, you will need two beams with a cross section of 100*200 mm. The most important thing is to correctly mark the beams and make identical cuts on them, since this will determine how evenly the steps will lie.
If the winder part is located at the base of the stairs, then the steps are mounted on load-bearing pillars and risers. In all other cases, the structure is conventionally divided into three parts - before the race, the winder steps and after the race. The turn must be mounted in the middle.
When the run is located in the middle, the rotary steps are mounted on beams. It is much easier to mount straight beams at right angles, without curved “twists”. If you want to make a rounding, then you can bend a piece of plywood at the bend of the winder ladder.
Advice! To bend the plywood, the sheet can be placed edgewise on two tables so that the main part of it sags. A weight is placed in the center, and the sheet itself is watered on both sides. The plywood should be in this position until the sheet reaches the required angle.
Also, when rotating the structure 180 degrees, three beams can be used for the race. However, the use of plywood, although more difficult to install, will make the staircase more beautiful. At the same time, in both the first and second cases, all shortcomings can be hidden behind a plasterboard box.
Advice! In order for the flight of stairs to fit well into the allotted space, the profile of the stairs should be drawn on the wall. If necessary, you can adjust the size of the steps.
Most often, the installation of stairs begins with the installation of the first part. Then beams are installed that will hold the structure suspended. All parts must be thoroughly sanded before installation, and the outer edges can be rounded for beauty.
When the main part of the structure is installed, all that remains is to mount the balusters on the steps. They can be secured using a pin 100 mm long and 8 mm thick. Railings are installed on top.
This completes the installation instructions. All that remains is to paint the structure. To ensure that the wood is well preserved without losing its natural beauty, you can use a transparent varnish as a coating.
At hand made stairs can be obtained reliable design, which will completely suit your home. At the same time, you will significantly save money. However, without certain woodworking skills, it is unlikely that you will be able to complete this job.
Additional information on creating winder steps can be obtained from the video in this article.
No matter how perfect the interior of the corridor, hall or living room, the staircase in these rooms always attracts the eye and arouses genuine interest. A staircase with a turn (or a winder staircase) is doubly endowed with this gift. Understanding the turns of stairs and winder steps is not so difficult. Having spent a little time and delving into the essence of the issue, you can make your own staircase with turns or, in extreme cases, control the process of its construction.
It’s good when the stairs are taut like a string and nothing prevents you from flying from floor to floor in a straight line. The only inconvenience is that you need to free up a lot of space along one of the walls. To make the staircase as comfortable and safe as possible, you must adhere to certain parameters. So, for example, a step with about 15 cm and a tread depth of 30 cm is considered convenient. If the tread is planned to extend, then its size should be no more than 5 cm. The area in front of the flight of stairs should have an area of at least 90 square centimeters. The average ceiling height is 2.5 meters. For a straight staircase with such parameters, it is necessary to leave more than five along one wall linear meters free space.
If there is not so much in the room free space, you have to make a staircase with several flights and turning platforms. The staircase can be turned 90 or 180 degrees with winder steps. At such steps inner side smaller than the outer one, so the transition along them is less comfortable than on stairs with a turning platform.
Staircase with turning steps has a rather original, elegant appearance. At the same time, it takes up very little space: 2.5 meters along one wall and 1.5 meters along the other. These dimensions are average for a staircase with steps turning 90 degrees.
Despite the apparent fragility of the structure, the turning staircase is quite durable. On one side, the stringer is attached to the wall, and on the other, it rests on the central support. If the height of the room and the area allocated for the staircase allow the designer’s imagination to unfold, then you can design a staircase with three flights and rotate it twice by ninety degrees. In this case, the central outer stringer will be attached between two supporting columns, and the upper and lower outer stringers will push the entire structure apart. With or without risers, wooden or metal, a staircase with smooth turns organizes the space around itself. One more thing. During the descent and ascent of any staircase, it is common for a person to step on the central part of the tread. This is dictated by the internal instinct of self-preservation. Winder steps have triangular shape or the shape of a truncated triangle. When moving on such surfaces, you need to move closer to the edge of the tread, which rests on the wall, as the widest (deepest) part of the tread.
GOST and SNiP - examples of the bible for builders - have fixed the minimum dimensions, subject to which, a staircase with winder steps will be safe:
Stairs with winder steps are durable and safe design. But only compliance with the provisions of GOST and SNiP makes it such. If the basic parameters and dimensions are not observed, the risks of falling and slipping on the steps increase sharply. No handrails or railings can minimize the risk of injury due to improper design of the “g” or “u” shaped staircase.
The meaning of the winder steps is to replace the horizontal platform between the flights with steps and use this turning point to continue the ascent/descent. Due to this effect, the space required for arranging a winder staircase is saved. There is no point in making winder steps with a depth of more than 40 centimeters against the wall. The deeper the tread is at the wall, the deeper it is at the central support, and this leads to an increase in the radius of curvature and the space savings disappears somewhere. If the depth of the tread at the wall is more than 40 centimeters, and the depth at the central support is within normal limits, then orderly rows of treads are broken. In place of three “burdocks”, four steps could fit and the turn would retain its angle and the dynamics of ascent/descent.
If the depth of the tread at the central support is less than ten centimeters, then in the center of the tread the depth will not “grow” to the minimum twenty centimeters. The height of the riser directly depends on the angle of inclination of the entire structure.
Important! It is necessary to maintain the angle of inclination of the stairs at the winder steps.
Before you pick up the tool and start assembling the stairs, you need to draw up a drawing. Next, you need to draw in detail all the points: the height of the ceiling, the dimensions of the space for installing the stairs, the shape and location of the central support. Calculate the angle of inclination of the structure and the height of the risers, the depth of the straight tread and the number of winder steps. At the same time, take into account the minimum and maximum parameters and check them with GOST and SNiP. Before putting the final touches on the drawing, it would be a good idea to check several formulas and understand how comfortable the future design will be in all respects.
“a” is responsible for the height of the riser, “b” is responsible for the depth of the tread, from which we have following parameters convenient design:
Making a detailed drawing of the winder staircase
If the calculations were correct, then your staircase will be comfortable and safe.Advice! In order not to get bumps on your knees, elbows and chin, you should take a responsible approach to designing the winder staircase.
Metal or wood, they differ only in the design of the frames. The basic principles of constructing a staircase with winder steps remain unchanged. Methods for constructing drawings and determining the shape of winder steps differ in the choice of starting points and the construction of beams. Whether you use the proportion method, the line raising method, the Danish method, or the sweep method depends on your mathematical abilities. Making a staircase with winder steps
If you have never held a tool in your hands, then formulas and methods will not help you and it would be better to entrust the manufacture of a staircase with steps on a turn to a professional. He knows that metal staircase may have one central stringer and it will be sufficient for the reliability of the entire structure. He will weld the steps from a corner, but may not install risers at all. He will plant the wooden staircase on stringers, supported by posts and walls, using sawdust and glue with sawdust. Wooden steps, which always “run away”, he will place horizontally according to the level. Even the lower edge of the outer bowstring will be trimmed vertically to attach it to the first supporting baluster. In general, the only question remains is the budget and your desire! But the complexity of the design is a secondary matter.The design of a staircase with winder steps is in great demand in houses where comfortable, safe movement between floors is required, but there is no technical possibility of placing a straight structure. Such structures require special attention at stage .
Diagram with the names of the winder staircase elements
Winder steps are widely used for the following types stairs:
The shape of the turning tread in such structures has the shape of a truncated triangle. Due to the compactness of the device, it saves.
Diagram of the staircase rotation device Winder steps can be located at the bottom, at the top, or in the middle of the flight of stairs. For safe movement, the first two options are recommended. They have good visibility of the turning area, which allows you to orient yourself in time and change the position of the foot or the length of the step.
Schemes of winder stairs are more difficult to complete than straight structures or with platforms for transition. Therefore, there are often drawings with incorrectly executed structures.
This not only reduces the comfort of movement, but also increases the risk of injury from a fall.
Comfort and safety are the basic principles that any building structures. The staircase is no exception. A number of the presented technical requirements are also typical for straight march structures:
Scheme of a wooden staircase with winder steps 
All of the listed characteristics and data will ensure comfort and safety of movement between floors.
The main advantages of a winder staircase include:
The disadvantages include a decrease in the level of comfort and safety of movement. The winder treads differ in size, you will have to adapt. And it is more difficult to disperse on such a flight than on ordinary stairs.
Classic look of a winder staircase To correctly draw up a diagram of a winder staircase, it is necessary to take into account all the standards listed above, the dimensions of the premises and link them to the plan. To do this, proceed to the following steps:
Scheme and drawing of a winder staircase This data will help you do correct selection structures that will ensure compliance with building codes.
Knowing the height between levels and the formula for comfortable movement, you can calculate the length of the flight of stairs and the number of expected steps. For example, the specified height between floors is 2600 mm. We will select the height of the degrees from the recommended range of 120 mm. Let's make all the calculations to build the drawing:
The example shows that it is better to reconsider the parameters of the steps. This will significantly save space. For example, with a riser height of 150 mm, the tread depth will become 300 mm, and the length of the staircase will be 5,400. This will save 3 sq. m. usable area Houses.
Taking into account modern realities and get a quick result, you can use several ways to draw up a design diagram.
The best option for design. There are software that, based on the drawing, issue specifications for materials with cutting. There is no provision for this option. But after completing a detailed drawing, it will not be difficult to calculate the amount of material. The disadvantage of this method is the time spent searching and mastering the software product.
Drawings posted on the Internet allow you to select suitable option. But you should check them for compliance technical requirements, to protect yourself from someone’s design illiteracy.
Winder staircase drawing To do this, you can use online calculators or master one of the methods for calculating winder steps.
The main difficulty when working with such drawings is to fit into the right space ready-made solution. You may find that a window or a ledge on the wall ends up in the place where the stairs are installed.
You will have to either adapt the design to fit, or look for another suitable option.
They will help you make calculations and give recommendations for correcting the structure if it does not comply with building codes. Based on the received data, a detailed drawing is automatically generated. This is the simplest and affordable way development of drawings for custom sizes. But in the future you should link to .
Interface online calculator to calculate the winder staircase Otherwise, the resulting structure may close the window or doorway.
The main difficulty in independently designing a staircase with winder steps is calculating the number and developing the shapes of the rotating elements. Calculation using proportions. This method is suitable for stairs with a rotation of 90˚, 180˚. First, you should draw a top view of the future structure, fitting it into the intended area. Next, perform a series of operations:
This is the simplest and most accessible way to construct a drawing. There are three other methods: Danish, sweep and line lifting. The listed technologies are complex and require deeper knowledge mathematical analysis. These methods require taking into account the horizontal and vertical curvature of the structure.
Example metal frame for winder stairs It should be noted that the drawing using any of the above methods is performed with a certain degree of error. Therefore, even professionals adjust parts at the assembly site. Winder staircase– more complex design, therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the calculation, design, and installation to specialized enterprises.
In order to reduce the size staircase If there is not enough free space, winder steps are made instead of the interstaircase landing, the width along the line of movement is equal to the width of straight steps. These steps are not very comfortable, because when going down the stairs, their width becomes smaller as you approach the middle and is simply inconvenient for placing your feet. At the same time, at the other end the steps become much wider than a human step. In order to reduce the inconvenience, it is worthwhile to equip the rounded walls of the staircase at the turn in order to reduce the size of the steps, and, accordingly, the costs of their construction.
Note! The narrowest stairwell should be at least 10 cm.
In order to reduce these disadvantages, you need to use two methods:
If we take, for example, a staircase that has two parallel flights and a turn at the winder steps, taking into account the calculation of the width of the steps that will replace the platform between the floors, the calculations are carried out as follows:
After connecting point C to point B and drawing lines parallel to BC from each point, similar segments are obtained on the vertical line AB. Next, connect all the division points to their corresponding points on the center line of movement and draw them to the surface of the wall that surrounds the cage. Thus, the dimensions and shape of the steps in horizontal projection will be obtained.
Calculations for winder staircases with two flights are carried out in a similar way.
Note! Stairs that require radial rotation are much more difficult to manufacture. They require the production of stringers, bowstrings, or the production of additional supporting elements for the steps, which will follow the radius in the staircase bend. For this reason, winder turning staircases are often made without a radius at the bend, but with a turn at a right angle.
The dimensions of a staircase with a right angle turn are calculated using a graphical proportional method. This option is the most popular when making winder steps yourself, so their calculation is worth considering in more detail.
Useful video about calculating the number and height of steps of any stairs:
When making graphical calculations, it is worth making allowances for their inaccurate results. In this case, it is allowed to change the dimensions during drawing, but with the condition that the steps remain unchanged in width and the line of movement will not be affected. Certain steps can be changed in size at the ends to increase or decrease, while leaving the same width of the tread in the center.
When taking dimensions from the completed drawing, correlate the dimensions of all steps using addition. The final amount, on the one hand, must coincide with the size of the steps in the specified area.
This is all key points For self-made winder staircase. Please note that without certain skills you are unlikely to be able to complete this job.
This video describes the installation of a staircase with turning steps:
