When building a house with at least 2 floors, you definitely need to think about the stairs in it. And if the house is built with your own hands, it is logical to build the stairs as well.
Various photos of stairs help you make a preliminary choice and clearly understand what type of lift you need. But before you start carrying out the work, carefully calculate the future structure for strength and dimensions, this will save time and money, because incorrect calculations (or lack thereof) will lead to numerous alterations of the original project.
Exists a large number of different options flights of stairs. They differ in the material of manufacture (wood, concrete or metal), the type of rise (sloping staircase, spiral staircase, with a turn at a certain degree).
The most common is a wooden staircase. Staircases are also often constructed with a 90-degree turn. It is not uncommon for these two types of lifting devices to be combined into one.
In case of limited space, do spiral staircase made of metal. The screw type of lift allows you to save space, and making it from metal increases the strength of the structure. Concrete is used for stairs in massive buildings (for example, mansions).
In a low-rise building, without any construction experience, it is better to order a modular staircase, a kind of construction set, where all the parts are cut out and numbered, and all you have to do is assemble them using the instructions. This is how wooden stairs are usually made.
When building a concrete staircase, in addition to pouring the frame, you will need to external finishing(beautiful stone or wood materials). It turns out to be a double waste of time and money. However, for cottages with 3 or more floors, they are mandatory according to fire safety requirements.
When making a ladder for the first time, you don’t need to swing at it right away. complex design. The simpler the model, the more likely it is that you will be able to successfully build this lifting device on the first try.
Pay attention to the angle of inclination of the stairs: if it is more than 45 degrees, the ladder will be considered an extension, and you can only go down it backwards. Optimal angle the rise is considered to be 37 degrees.
Wood is preferable as a material for construction, since, thanks to its properties, it allows you to correct minor construction flaws that arose due to inaccurate calculations and inexperience of the work performer.
Also, after construction, the building may settle due to loose soil, as a result the staircase can become several centimeters higher or lower than the floor, and it is easier to correct this in a wooden structure.
When constructing a lift with a turn towards, the distance between spans must be at least 100 mm.
Answering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, there are several stages of construction.
The first stage of any structure, be it a staircase into a house or an interfloor staircase, is the creation of a project. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of the building and its ease of use.
The structure must withstand average weight ordinary person with a fair amount of reserve. Be sure to use railings!
If they are not there, another fence must be designed to ensure the safety of descent and ascent.
After you have designed your building, you need to prepare the materials. In our case, choose boards of suitable thickness and length, prepare balusters with railings and prepare stringers. This will be the second stage of construction.
A 4 cm thick pine board is suitable as a material for stringers. On it, mark the steps according to the pattern and cut them out with a jigsaw.
We use the resulting product as a sample for the second (and if the width of the stairs more than a meter then and the third) kosour. Let's cut the required number of steps to size.
The third stage will be assembling all the parts together. First of all, the stringers are installed in their permanent locations. Then, using self-tapping screws, the steps are attached to the stringers.
Then, using pins, balusters are placed on the steps, and handrails are attached to them. The staircase is ready!
One of the serious stages of the internal arrangement of a two-story private house is the construction of a flight of stairs designed to go upstairs. Here the homeowner is faced with a choice: hire for this work experienced craftsmen or start making it yourself. The second option is supported by cost savings and the conscientiousness with which the owner will get down to business in his own home. All that remains is to fill the gap in knowledge and understand how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, having carefully studied our recommendations.
To build an interfloor passage yourself, you need to choose a suitable structure that will fit in the allocated area and at the same time be safe to use. But first you should understand the names of the elements and details of the stairs:
Straight staircase 1 flight
To organize the ascent to the top floor of a private house, it is customary to build 4 types of stairs:
Reference. For the sake of saving usable area And building materials the listed structures are located along the walls. The exception is a screw structure located in any convenient location, even in the middle of the hallway or hall.
A simple staircase to the second floor consists of one flight with a railing. It is not difficult to make, but with a ceiling height of more than 2.5 m, the building will take up a significant area. To save space, it would be more correct to make the ascent according to a scheme with two flights and a transition platform, as shown above in the photo.
The design of turning (winder) steps allows you to effectively use the entire length of the staircase and thus reduce the size of the span. The assembly of such a structure is somewhat more complicated due to the installation of a support pillar and the manufacture of wedge-shaped shaped steps.
Drawing of a turning staircase
If there is very little space in the house or country house, then it makes sense to build a spiral staircase or a “goose step” type structure shown in the photo. In the first case, all the steps are winders and are attached at one end to the support pillar, and in the second they are cut in width so that you can put your foot on only one side. It is quite difficult to make a screw structure from scratch, but the goose step ladder is built using the same technology as conventional marching ascents.
Note. Typically, homeowners buy spiral staircases made of metal, wood and glass in the form of ready-made kits, installed on site. Nowadays it is not difficult to find beautiful products on sale that harmonize with any interior, but such pleasure cannot be called cheap.
This is what a steep flight of stairs looks like, like a goose step.
To finally select a suitable staircase design for the second floor, you should calculate the size and number of steps.
For calculations, you need to know the height difference between the finished floors of the first and second floors, as well as the size of the area that you are ready to allocate for a conditional staircase. The calculation method does not depend on the chosen design and is based on the following requirements to ensure convenience and safety during its operation:
Advice. In order to correctly calculate the parameters of a flight of stairs and decide on its design, it is recommended to solve the problem graphically. Make your own mini-project by drawing by hand or on the computer drawings showing the staircase in plan and side view.
The essence of the calculation is to determine the number of steps and the total length of the climb, taking into account the slope of the homemade ladder. It is proposed to consider the order of calculations using the example country cottage with a height difference of 3 m:
Design diagram of a straight march with a slight slope
The 6 m long structure shown in the picture will not fit into every home, so its design will have to be adjusted. Option one: break the climb into 2 flights of equal length and make a transition platform. Taking into account its size, which is equal to the minimum span width, the length of the ladder will be 3.9 m, which is also quite a lot. To some extent, sacrificing amenities, the dimensions of the stairs can be optimized as follows:
Optimized staircase diagram
Using the instructions given above, we calculate the new parameters of the flight of stairs and get the number of steps 17 pcs., the angle of inclination is 37°, and total length equal to 3.7 m. If you organize a 90° turn of the span with three winder steps instead of a platform, then the length of the rise can be reduced to 3 m, and this is quite acceptable. You will get more visual information about calculating flights of stairs by watching the video:
Important point. All home buildings, including interfloor stairs, must be safe for small children. Provide gaps between the balusters according to the child’s age so that he cannot squeeze between them and fall.
The best material for making a staircase with your own hands is wood. It is not only easy to process, but also fits well into any interior. Metal structures are more durable, but at the same time heavier and more difficult to assemble, not to mention the cost of iron elements. Dried wood of the following species is suitable for construction:
Advice. You should not use birch for construction inside a house, as it quickly dries out and loses its appearance.
To make stringers, you will need a board with a thickness of 40 mm or more of the required length (splicing a bowstring from pieces is unacceptable). The width of the board should be 25-30% greater than the calculated tread width. A wooden beam with a cross-section of 10 x 10 cm or more, depending on the length of the supporting part and the weight of the structure, is suitable for the outer and intermediate posts for the railing.
The appearance of a wooden staircase largely depends on the design of the balusters. In order to beautifully design the railing, it is better to order the production of balusters somewhere in production, where they will be turned according to your drawing lathe. If you are skilled in wood carving, then you can design the stands yourself. Also, do not forget to purchase fasteners - self-tapping screws, metal pins or dowels for installing balusters, nails.
IN Lately wooden stairs to the second floor, equipped with turning steps, have gained popularity. They take up little room space and are relatively easy to assemble, so we'll give step by step instructions for the installation of such a structure. First of all, prepare necessary tool arias and a stepladder or a simple ladder for temporary access to the second floor. Then proceed in this order:
Scheme of fastening the central support and assembling the flight of stairs
Advice. Don't cut 3 turning steps from one array. It turns out that the fibers of the first of them will be located across the length of the tread, causing the step to break at the slightest load.
Risers homemade stairs it makes sense to make them closed if you plan to sew up the space under the march (for example, for a pantry). In other cases, it is not necessary to seal the openings between the steps. To extend the service life, finish the flight of stairs - treat the wood with an antiseptic compound and varnish. How to properly assemble a turning ladder yourself is described in the next video:
When building a wooden staircase, pay Special attention preliminary stages - calculation, marking and cutting of parts. If you make a mistake here, it can be difficult to eliminate it during assembly, including redoing the stringers. Think about the design of balusters and railings, study existing options from photographs and choose the most interesting and suitable for the interior of your home.
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When a private house built of two floors, then a staircase to the second floor is simply necessary. But, in addition to the fact that it should connect them, special attention should be paid to the interior of the staircase, since such a design is part of the design in the room. Now many different options for stairs have been created, and these structures can not only be ordered, but also made with your own hands. Which project to choose, construction features, detailed instructions about the installation of this structure - all this will be discussed below in the article.
There are several types of stairs, each with its own characteristics. When choosing such a structure, you need to take into account not only its rational location, but also provide for safe and convenient movement to the second floor. Among such structures, marching and screw types stairs Their difference from each other is not only in appearance, but also in installation methods.
Important! It is recommended to install stairs thoroughly only after the house has settled. Otherwise, due to mechanical movements of the building floor, the integrity of the flight of stairs may change.
If we consider the design, there are three types between floors:
Marching. They are the most popular type and they look like one or two march structures. When installing two flights between them, intermediate platforms are made with a rotation of 90˚ or 45˚. In this case, the angle depends on the dimensions of the room and the choice suitable option owner of the house. Rotating the platform 180˚ means that this is a screw structure. 
Marching stairs to the second floor are divided into two types:
In addition, there are stages of closed and open arrangement. When placing the steps for the first time, only their horizontal treads are made, and during the second, vertical elements - risers - are also installed.
Screw. Such structures take up little space, they have good view, but they are not very convenient for movement and are often used as additional structures for design.
Depending on the material, staircase structures can be:
Most often, in a private house, a staircase to the second floor is made from wood, less often. There are also external and internal staircases, but the main difference between them is in the base and material of manufacture.
In the case of installing a staircase in a private house, the following standards will be sufficient, namely: GOST 23120-78; SNiP IV-14-84. If the work is carried out by a specialized team, the dimensions of all mating elements of the structure must be agreed upon both with the customer and with the organizations that give permission to install stairs. When building a house, you need to keep in mind what kind of stairs will be installed and how they will be located. The project must be calculated in such a way that it is based on an optimized arrangement of mating structural elements, allowing convenient and safe movement between floors.
When designing a staircase, you need to take into account all the standards for structures of this type in private houses. The calculation procedure consists of several stages.
A design of this type is well suited for rooms with a small area or for highlighting some architectural style.
When carrying out this work, you need to know all the nuances of calculations. Let us outline the most significant of these aspects:
The main feature of such structures is that the steps have different widths, on the one hand, narrower than on the other. The narrowed part is fixed to the support, and the enlarged side is fixed to the balusters or wall surface. For the calculation, the average size is taken, which should not exceed 40 cm.
You can make such a structure yourself without much difficulty. On installed pipe(support) gradually put on fragments of the future staircase - intermediate cylinders, steps, balusters, etc.
In addition to the listed elements, machine-turned wooden segments are also installed on the pipe, which maintain the size between the steps on one side. On the back of the treads, the distance between them is maintained due to the grooves on the balusters. These structural elements are sequentially inserted into them and secured with glue and dowels (cylindrical wooden rods).
Let's take a closer look at the installation of this structure:
After installing the steps, on the one hand, to the cylinder inserted on the pipe, and on the other, to the balusters, the installation of the spiral staircase is considered complete.
Marching stairs are the most popular among structures of this kind. Firstly, they are convenient to use, and secondly, the technology for their construction has long been proven. There are few specific features of the calculation. To decide how to make a staircase to the second floor, the number of flights will be of no small importance.
Today, marching stairs enjoy a great reputation because they are inexpensive and good quality. They also have other features that attract consumers: comfortable movement, functionality and long service life. Currently, it is customary to designate two types of staircases:
Stringers are a type of inclined beam as a load-bearing element. The essence of such structures is that steps are installed on them. Consequently, these stairs can have any configuration, due to which they are divided into the following types:
Stairs on bowstrings are one of the types of stringers. Bowstrings are essentially the same load-bearing beams, but their difference from stringers is that the steps are attached with inside and they are always installed in pairs.
Rectangular staircase design. These structures are distinguished by the fact that they have one or two flights, and such structures can be either rectilinear, curved, or broken. The main thing with such a combination of spans is that the angle of elevation does not exceed 40˚, and the opening at the stairs is at least 0.9 m, and it is best for using such flight stairs when its width is two meters.
Installing a staircase to the second floor with your own hands is a long and expensive procedure, but it is quite doable. To simplify it as much as possible, you need to carefully prepare and conditionally divide it into three stages:
At the initial stage, you need to draw a drawing with all the necessary dimensions.
On a note! To make the task easier when designing the staircase you need, you can use free programs from the Internet, which can be found on the relevant construction sites.
Next, based on the project, the necessary materials are purchased in the required quantity. Moreover, in order to “cover up” possible defects during the manufacture of the stairs, it is better not to skimp and buy materials with a reserve. And also to erect the structure on the second floor you will need a certain tool:
After the material has been purchased and the necessary tools have been prepared, you can begin installing the staircase to the second floor, and this should be done in a certain order.
First you need to prepare the recesses for the steps; to do this, make markings according to the drawing and on inner surface beams, it is necessary to hollow out grooves with a depth of 30-40 mm. In this case, they should be positioned mirror-image relative to each other. After the grooves are hollowed out and adjusted, you first need to mount the risers (vertical elements). Then the steps are inserted into the grooves and positioned 2-3 cm relative to the vertical elements, while the seats must first be lubricated with glue. After assembly, all parts are fastened with dowels, for which 6-8 mm holes are drilled and dowels (a small cylindrical pin made of wood) are driven in with a wooden hammer.
This procedure must be done carefully, the tightly mating elements must be adjusted, otherwise the finished staircase will wobble and creak. The beams themselves are connected to each other by ties in 4-6 steps. Assembled structure All that remains is to move it to the prepared hole in the ceiling and secure it with support bars. On stringers, the production of seats for steps is prepared differently.
The simplest option is:
All holes are made hidden or then closed with decorative plugs.
People often use handrails when walking up stairs. And also in connection with safe movement, this fence must be permanently fixed, while withstanding a certain load.
Installation of railings is carried out after preparatory work, such as:
Drill holes for dowels at the joints of the products and hammer in the dowels prepared in advance, thereby unfastening all the elements of the staircase.
Such designs are relatively new in our country, but already enjoy a great reputation among consumers. Just like modern furniture selected in sophisticated style, such stairs are mainly decoration in rich houses, apartments and offices. This is due to the fact that they are structurally made elegantly, using hidden connecting elements - bolts.
And in general, such stairs to the second floor correspond to an ultra-modern and laconic design. With the help of bolts, steps are connected into one whole with load-bearing beams and railings, as well as the entire structure - with ceilings and floors. Such a structure is convenient not only during operation, but also during repairs: there will be no need to completely disassemble the structure. It is enough to remove the damaged elements.
When our house was being built, we did not pay attention to many important things. There wasn’t enough experience, time to supervise construction, or money for expensive materials. We were young and believed in the best. And they really took care of the convenience of this important element- stairs to the second floor.
The slope is 68° and 35 cm between steps - even an adult had to use serious skill, let alone a two-year-old child. And the bowstring made of unplaned timber became covered with cracks during the first heating of the house.
We suffered and decided to demolish this wonderful structure. I, as the main designer and generator of ideas in our family, immediately began to storm the Internet. I read disputes on construction forums and searched through all available calculators.
A staircase that had to be demolished.
We could no longer increase the opening in the ceiling. And the heating pipes installed under the stairs limited the choice of support. There is a two-year-old child in the house, so all the work on dismantling the old staircase and assembling the new one had to be done in two days, and at the same time maintaining the ability to climb upstairs without risking life.
The solution was found:
We decided not to embed the treads into the bowstring, but to rest them on the stringers. It seems to me that this option is easier for non-professionals. And such designs look lighter. Only the upper stage was planned to be mortized, so as not to increase the angle of elevation, which, according to my calculations, was 43°. Just a dream!
We purchased materials from laminated wood coniferous species as the cheapest:
Pivot steps for sale standard sizes, had to be redrawn a little. The remains of an old staircase were used for the frame.
In the absence of a router, all the grooves for connecting the parts were cut out with a parquet circular saw, removing excess wood with chisels. The depth of all grooves is 2 cm - optimal insertion, holds tightly, without breaking. My husband and I worked together. We rarely make a well-coordinated team, and this time was no exception. It didn't come to a divorce, but lexicon expanded perfectly.
During the process, we had to make adjustments on site, as the floor and walls were uneven. Everything was adjusted, assembled, then disassembled back, covered with two layers of antiseptic and parquet varnish, dried and everything was assembled again, thoroughly secured.
The support post was placed on a plumbing pin and secured on the inside with a corner to ensure immobility.
The stringers were attached to the ceiling with wood grouse and galvanized supports for the rafters. Instead of wooden dowels, the steps were mounted on liquid nails and self-tapping screws. We’ve been climbing actively for a year now – not a single step creaks.
Tubes from kitchen rails were used for fencing. The three outermost ones are removable, so you can easily lift, for example, a sofa or a wide sheet of plywood. We decided not to make railings for now; the tubular barrier copes well with this function.
There were some glitches:
I'm pleased with the result. Getting up and down has become much more convenient. And they saved money. If you are faced with the problem of building a staircase with your own hands, feel free to proceed. Use as much information as possible when preparing – and everything will work out!
Thus, having produced such detailed review staircases between the first and second floors can be made right choice and decide on your desires and possibilities. Moreover, if all manufacturing recommendations are followed during the construction of the staircase, then such a structure will guarantee safe and comfortable movement for your family for many years.
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The modern development of the construction of private houses is increasingly resorting to the construction of two or three-story houses. Therefore, construction in a private house is an important point. Of course, you can turn to specialists for its construction, but we recommend building it yourself.
Staircase to the second floor in a private house
A staircase, as a complex building element, has its own characteristics and mandatory components. Consider the composition of the staircase to the second floor of a private house:
Stairs to the second floor in a private house are most often made of wood, as it is environmentally friendly pure material, looking stylish and attractive.
A wooden staircase to the second floor of a private house can be of two main types. Below we will study each of them.
This type is usually chosen when there is limited or small space for its installation. The minimum size of the site for it may be limited to one and a half meters. This option has limitations - several people cannot use it at the same time - only one, and it also makes it difficult to lift bulky and bulky objects using it.
It is also characterized by increased complexity of installation, and therefore is not very popular for assembling it yourself. For it, it is important to calculate the reliability of the load-bearing and support posts, and it is also important to maintain the strength of the structure.
Another thing is staircases, which are considered the most commonly used in private homes. They come with 1 flight, as well as 2, 3 or more - the number of flights depends on the needs of the owner of the house and the availability of free space.
In addition to dividing by the number of flights, such staircases are divided into straight and rotary, and by location they are divided into wall-mounted or independent. The latter often rest in the center of the room and can only be afforded to owners with a large area of the house.
It is easy to assemble a flight of stairs yourself, and experts give useful advice on dividing flights when the number of steps is more than a dozen. The steps can be separated by a special platform, which can change their further direction; in this case, special rotary steps are used, which have another name: trapezoidal or winder.
Turning stairs also vary in direction. So, if it turns at a right angle, then it is called a quarter turn, and when it turns around its axis, it is called a half turn. The spiral staircase turns a full circle and can no longer be considered a marching staircase.
An intermediate version of a circular and marching staircase is considered combined type. This is the most difficult type of stairs, as it requires a lot of calculations and complex elements. It is extremely rare to find her.
Related article:
The dimensions of the staircase to the second floor of a private house are calculated based on the availability free space in the house. Assess your strengths and capabilities, whether you can assemble this or that complex type of structure without the proper skill and experience. It is better to choose a simple staircase than to reassemble it several times. Besides, complex stairs require a large budget.
To correctly assemble the stairs yourself, use the following useful tips:
To make a ladder, you will need some useful tips:
The construction of a private house often involves the presence of a second floor or an insulated attic. This design allows you to expand the living space of the structure and significantly save on the construction of an expensive foundation. And also in two-story house it is much easier to organize a suitable layout. However, the presence of several floors requires the construction of stairs, which stops many novice builders. Actually high quality staircase structure easy to make with my own hands, knowing certain features.
Before you choose finished staircase renowned manufacturers or start purchasing materials for homemade design, you need to figure out what any staircase consists of. The basics of construction are so basic that there are no differences between staircases various types Hardly ever.
The most used interfloor stairs in modern houses can be divided into three types: spiral, marching and rail staircases.
A simpler and more common design is a staircase. Depending on the height of the floor, it can be single-flight or multi-flight. Marches are segments with a different number of steps. Usually their number does not exceed fifteen, but the most convenient are marches in nine steps. And also the marching staircase can be open type(without risers) and closed (with risers). The choice most often depends only on personal preferences, since there are differences, except appearance, in such types there is no.
Open staircases are often used as a temporary solution and are later replaced by more complex structures.
Marching ladders can be supported either by a stringer or a bowstring; there are no advantages to one or the other support. Near the wall it is more convenient to use a single stringer, but if desired, you can also make a bowstring, this will simply slightly increase the consumption of material. With all its advantages, marching design It has one significant drawback - it takes up quite a lot of space.
To save it, such stairs are made with angular turns, otherwise its construction in a small private house is simply unjustified. The steps of such a staircase are called winders and are made in a trapezoidal shape. The most common march turns are 90 degrees (quarter-turn march) and 180 degrees (half-turn). If the rotation degree is 360, then such a staircase turns into a spiral one.
With the increasing popularity of high-tech style in interior design, the popularity of such stairs has also increased. Their main structural element are bolted, which is how they got their name (“bolz” is “bolt” in German). Due to the absence of a frame on which the steps would rest, the staircase turns out to be “floating” in the air.
The role of the frame is taken over by the bolts, which are mounted to the handrails. Although in some cases the design involves the use of one stringer or one bowstring attached to the wall.
The main advantage of such a staircase is that to repair and dismantle one element there is no need to dismantle or replace the entire structure.
Often a spiral staircase is installed to save space and enhance the beauty of the design. It is really great for small houses with high ceilings. At the same time, such stairs are narrow and steep, and are also much more difficult to manufacture and assemble than conventional marching structures. They cannot be used by two people at the same time, and it is practically impossible to lift any large furniture or equipment on them.
Spiral staircases are divided into two subtypes. In the first case, the structure consists of a central support to which the steps are attached, and one bent handrail. In the second case, there is no central support, and bent handrails are attached on both sides. This subtype is more complex to manufacture and imposes certain requirements on the quality of the materials used.
In some cases, a spiral staircase may be located near a wall and some steps can be additionally secured in recesses created in the wall. The classic spiral design is round, but the staircase can also be made into a polygonal or complex arbitrary shape.
The staircase design is created simultaneously with the design of the house itself. For selection correct design The following must be taken into account:
Most often, planed wood without irregularities, spikes and other defects is used to make stairs. Before work, such material is dried and treated with stain. After this, the wood can be coated with one or two layers of special varnish. High-quality wood for staircase construction is only first-grade wood with a moisture content not exceeding 10 percent.
If the humidity of the material during assembly work is higher, there is a possibility that after drying the structure will deform quite strongly. You can use both budget types of wood and elite expensive materials.
Pine wood is light gray, highly durable, but easy to process. Low cost is one of the biggest advantages. Birch wood is also inexpensive. The absence of a pronounced wood pattern allows you to bring interesting design ideas to life. Ash, on the contrary, has a pronounced wood grain due to the special structure of the fibers. Despite its high flexibility when processed, ash is more durable than birch or pine.
Oak hardwood has a light yellow hue and is highly valued due to its high strength. Classic oak stairs will last a very long time and will add a little luxury to even the simplest interior. Oak can compete with maple, which, due to the lack of pores, has even higher strength and durability. However, in addition to the high price, such material has another significant drawback: it is very difficult to process.
In addition to wood, stairs are made from materials such as glass, plastic, concrete and metal. However, such stairs are rarely made independently, since fastening their elements will require special tools. For example, for welded metal structure except for the welding machine, you need a grinder, a special vice, a metal table, metal drills and much more. It is better to order such stairs, which are difficult to manufacture, from professionals.
Since the easiest one to make with your own hands is a wooden marching structure with a stringer, it makes sense to dwell on it in more detail. It is also the safest if there are railings of the correct height.
First you need to correctly calculate all the dimensions, the number of steps and the width of the span. The height of the room and the length of the wall or space allocated for the stairs are taken as the basis. Having reduced these dimensions to scale, it is necessary to construct a drawing of a right triangle: the height and length will be the legs, and the hypotenuse will be the staircase itself.
The ideal scheme is one where the angle of inclination of the stairs will not exceed 40–45 degrees. The width of the tread should not be less than 200 mm, so we divide the natural length of the lower leg by the size of the tread and get the finished number of steps.
Then we divide the natural height of the second leg by the number of steps and get the average riser height. Their height should not exceed 120 millimeters, and if this happens, you will either have to increase the length of the stairs or choose a different design, for example, a spiral one. All the obtained dimensions are plotted on the drawing, and a finished sketch is obtained, from which it is easy to make the stringer and steps yourself.
The width of the span depends on personal preferences and the free space of the room, but cannot be less than 80 cm. Calculation of staircases on beams is carried out in a similar way. For screw design You will need more complex drawings in the form of a circle of a certain diameter, cut into sectors - steps.
To ensure that making parts with your own hands does not bring unexpected unpleasant surprises, you must very accurately transfer all dimensions from the drawing to the material and follow the detailed instructions. Choosing a quality material will greatly simplify the construction process: good dry wood is easy to saw and fasten. The most difficult thing is to make an even stringer, since strength and aesthetics depend on it finished design. A solid board without knots or cracks is selected for it. The thickness of such a board can vary between 45–50 millimeters.
The treads themselves are made from boards 30–35 millimeters thick and should be 1.5–2 centimeters wider in width than the space made for them on the stringer. The edges of the treads should be made rounded and carefully sanded so as not to accidentally injure yourself on a small splinter or plant a splinter. If a staircase was planned closed type, then for it it is necessary to make, in addition to the treads themselves, also risers. Even a thin board 1.5–2 centimeters thick is suitable for them, because the entire load will fall on the stringers, and they will only slightly support the step and cover the internal space.
It is best to purchase handrails or balusters ready-made with fasteners. Wooden elements All that remains is to fasten them with self-tapping screws and weld the metal ones using a special apparatus. If there are elderly and small children in the house, then two balusters must be placed on each step, but if not, then one is enough. For a staircase on rails with one stringer, the production of parts follows a similar pattern, only without risers and with the purchase of metal rails instead of wooden railings.
Making a round spiral staircase with your own hands is incredibly difficult. Starting from the impossibility of making bent parts at home without special equipment, to the specific design, patterns and fasteners, which are almost impossible to buy in a regular hardware store. A way out of the situation may be to install an ordinary rotating flight of stairs with an angle of 360 degrees or order a finished product from professionals.
Installation is the most difficult and critical stage after all the elements have been manufactured or purchased. During installation, it is necessary to constantly check the parts for level or plumb to ensure that the entire structure is properly secured and does not pose a hazard. First of all, you need to install the stringers according to the marks that are pre-installed on the floor of the first and second floors.
On the floor of the first floor there is a special support beam to which the bottom of the stringers must be secured. And at the top of the stairs you can use metal supports connected to ceiling beam anchor bolts. The risers are screwed to the installed stringers, and treads are attached to them on top using self-tapping screws.
You can install both of these elements at once, starting from the bottom up and connecting one step after another.
Then you can install the balusters. Support posts are placed at the lower and upper edges of the stairs, which limit the structure of the railing and support it. The balusters themselves can be different types and fastenings: some are screwed using self-tapping screws, for others holes are drilled or special grooves are sawed. Installed items covered on top with handrails, which are mounted on support posts along the edges of the stairs.
If the railing is quite heavy, you can add several additional posts. In such cases, instead of balusters, you can use long wooden planks, installed parallel to the staircase.
After assembling the entire structure, you can treat the surface of the resulting staircase grinder And sandpaper different grain sizes. After this, various antiseptic compounds are applied to the wood to protect against insects, mold, mildew and rot. After applying all the necessary solutions, you need to let the wood dry completely, and then cover it with varnish in several layers.
If the wood needs to be darkened, you can apply stain before varnishing and also allow it to dry completely. After all applied coatings have dried, the staircase is ready for use.
A staircase is not only a building structure, but also a source of risk of injury in a private home. This design should be made as safe as possible: low comfortable steps, reliable material and, of course, durable railings. You should not make stairs from slippery tiles or wood varnished in several layers. If it is necessary to coat the wood with varnish, then at each step you need to make several scratches with sandpaper on the dried varnish - they will not be noticeable, but can save you from falling. You can also cover a wooden staircase with a heavy carpet - this will also prevent slipping.
The main thing in this type of finishing is to carefully secure the carpet on each step with small self-tapping screws so that it does not come off at the most inopportune moment. You should not cover the stairs with linoleum - this will only increase the risk of falling, since linoleum is quite slippery even on a plane.
