shock. If the stress falls on the end of the verb, then the conjugation is determined by the vowel in a strong position. Verbs of the 1st conjugation will have the endings -et, -em, -et, -ut (-yut), -y (-u) or -eat, for example, “call”, “lead”. Verbs of the 2nd conjugation will have the endings -esh, -im, -it, -ite, -at, -yat, for example, “burn”, “sleep”.
If it does not have an accent in a personal ending, then its conjugation should be determined by the infinitive, that is, by the impersonal form. If the impersonal form ends in -it, then you have a verb of the 2nd conjugation. The exceptions are the following:, lay, sway and build.
To the second conjugation there is also a row ending in -et and -at: look, see, depend, endure, hate, twirl, offend, hear, breathe, hold, drive. This must be remembered in order to avoid mistakes. All other verbs without stress in the personal ending are verbs of the 1st conjugation.
In addition to verbs 1 and 2, conjugations also distinguish different conjugated verbs. Some forms are formed according to the first conjugation, while others are formed according to the second. Among them are such verbs as want, run, honor, glimpse. For example, the verb "want" in the singular is formed according to the rules of conjugation 1, and in - according to the model of the second.
Related videos
note
1) Verbs conjugate only in two tenses: present and future. 2) All exceptions must be remembered. 3) In compound verbs, the verb “to be” is conjugated, while the semantic verb remains in an impersonal form. 4) The verbs "eat" and "give" are conjugated in an archaic pattern
Sources:
There are two understandings of conjugation, broad and narrow. In a broad sense, conjugation is the change of the verb in tenses, persons, numbers and moods. And in the narrow sense, conjugation is the change of the verb in numbers and persons. Let's see how to define conjugation.
Instruction
In there are two conjugations that differ in personal endings. Verbs with the endings -em, -et, -et, -eat, -ut, -yut belong to the first conjugation. Verbs ending in -ish, -ite, -at, -yat, -im, -it belong to the second conjugation.
There is an algorithm that helps to easily determine the conjugation of the verb. First, you must first determine whether the end of the verb is . If it falls, it turns out that the vowel at the end of this verb automatically becomes in a strong position. If the stress on the ending does not fall, then the conjugation is determined by the verb topic or by the suffix. If we take verbs with an unstressed ending -it, then they all belong to the second conjugation. Exceptions to the rules also apply to it: drive, hold, see, look, twirl, offend, breathe, hate, hear, depend, endure.
Without exception, all other verbs that have unstressed ending, refer to the first conjugation. Some verbs with the ending -it also belong to the same conjugation. Only in these verbs is the sound “and” included, and it alternates with the sounds “e” and “th”. Among these verbs are: drink, sew, shave, beat, pour, and others.
But the verb "to lay" in the same form is used only in the infinitive, and its personal forms are formed from the verb "to lay", which refers to the first conjugation.
There are also different conjugated verbs. These include the verbs "want", "run", as well as their derivatives. So the verb "want" in the singular person is inclined according to the pattern of the first conjugation, but in the second one.
The verb "to run" in the singular in the form of the 1st and 2nd person is declined according to the image of the first conjugation, in all other cases - according to the image of the second conjugation.
Grammatical category - a person serves to express the attitude of the subject of the action to the speaker. Changing verbs in persons and numbers is called conjugation. These are the main characteristics of the verb, which must be able to identify and reflect in morphological analysis.
Instruction
Persons depend on the subject of the action. It can be the speaker himself (“I am writing”), then the verb is used in the form of the 1st person singular. numbers. The action performed by a group of persons, among whom the speaker is, is then expressed in the form of the 1st person plural. numbers ("we write"). If the action is performed by one interlocutor, then the verb appears in the form of the 2nd person singular. number (“you”), and if by several interlocutors or a group of people - then the 2nd person plural. numbers ("you write"). An action that is performed by someone who is neither the speaker nor the interlocutor is expressed in the 3rd person singular. number ("he/she writes"), if the producers of the action act in an amount of more than one, the form of the 3rd person plural is used. numbers ("they write").
Present and future indicative verbs are presented in all six forms. In the past tense, as well as in the subjunctive mood, personal pronouns are indicators (“I wrote”, “you wrote”, “he / she wrote (a)”, “we wrote”, “you wrote”, “they wrote”) .
Verbs of the 1st conjugation in Russian end in -yat, -et, -yt, -ot, -at, -ut, -t, with the exception of the 11 following, which, for memorization, were folded into a sort of counting rhyme: drive, hold, twirl, offend , see, hear, hate, and depend, and endure, and even breathe, look. She was voiced by the hero of the film Plumbum or Dangerous Game:
Verbs ending in -at, -yat, -ish, -im, -it, -ite - belong to the second conjugation.
run. In the third person plural, this verb has the ending 1 conjugation (run). All other forms of it belong to the second conjugation.
Want. The plural forms of this verb belong to the 2nd conjugation, the singular forms to the first.
glimpse. This verb has only two forms. The first conjugation refers to the plural (bezzhut), to the second - the third person singular(screams).
Honor. The third person singular of this verb is 1 conjugation. All others are second.
Conjugation is a modification of the form (ending) of the verb by persons and numbers: I sing, you sing, he sings, we sing, you sing, they sing.
Knowing the conjugations, you will correctly write the unstressed endings of verbs with the letters E or I. For example, you see or write.
It must be remembered that in Russian verbs have two conjugations: I and II. But besides this, there are different conjugated verbs.
There are two ways to determine the conjugation of a verb:
Verbs with changes in persons and numbers have personal endings:
First conjugation-y (th), -eat, -et, -eat, -et, -ut (-yut). In the endings we write the letters E, U, Yu
Second conjugation-u (-u), -ish, -it, -im, -ite, -at (-yat). In the endings we write the letters I, A, Z.
For example
Pouring: I pour, you pour, he pours, we pour, you pour, they pour - I conjugation;
Sit: I am sitting, you are sitting, he is sitting, you are sitting, they are sitting - II conjugation.
When conjugating verbs with the prefix you difficulties arise, since the prefix takes over the accent. For example: cut, utter. In these cases, you need to drop the prefix and conjugate the verb without it. For example: cut - cut, I cut, you cut, he cuts, we cut - I conjugation.
Or: pronounce - speak, I speak, you speak, they speak - II conjugation.
Second conjugation these are verbs with an unstressed personal and ending in it (-itsya) in an indefinite form (ride, build, whirl, foam, etc.), except for exception verbs: lay and shave, sway and build (these four verbs belong to the I conjugation ).
Second conjugation these are 7 verbs with the ending -et: offend, endure, see, depend, hate, twirl, look.
Second conjugation these are 4 verbs ending in -at: breathe, hear, hold, drive.
First conjugation these are all verbs with an unstressed personal ending and ending in -et, -at, -yat, -ot, -ut, -yt, -ti, -t, etc. in an indefinite form.
First conjugation these are exception verbs: lay and shave, sway and build.
Conjugation determines the change of the verb in numbers and persons. Verb conjugation is one of the most difficult topics in the study of the Russian language. But to understand this topic is absolutely necessary, otherwise it will be impossible to write correctly.
The first step in determining the conjugation of a verb is to understand whether it has a stressed ending. In the event that the stress is on the end of the verb, the conjugation is determined by the vowel in e strong position. Verbs in the first conjugation have endings -em, em, -et, -ut (-ut), -u (-u) or eat, for example, in the words Verbs of the second conjugation have endings -im, -ish, -it, -ite, -at, -yat, for example, in the words
If the verb has no stress in the personal ending, then its conjugation is determined by the infinitive, that is, by the initial, impersonal form. If the infinitive ends in it, then you have a verb of the second conjugation. The following verbs are exceptions: lay, shave, build up and sway.
The following verbs with endings in et and -at also belong to the 2nd conjugation: drive, look, see, endure, depend, offend, hate, twirl, hear, hold, breathe. You just need to remember this list so that you don’t make mistakes when writing. The rest of the verbs that do not have stress in the personal ending are the verbs of the first conjugation.
In addition to the verbs of the first and second conjugations, there are also verbs with different conjugations. Some of their forms are formed in accordance with the first conjugation, while others - in accordance with the second. Among the variously conjugated there are such verbs as honor, want, glimpse, run. For example, the verb want the singular is formed according to the rules of the first conjugation, and in the plural according to the model of the second conjugation.
The conjugation of a verb is one of its grammatical categories, with the help of which its change in numbers and persons is determined. Depending on the conjugation, there are certain spelling rules in Russian, so the correct definition of the conjugation is very important.
Here simple instruction according to the definition of verb conjugation in Russian:
Verb conjugation is determined at school. In life, this knowledge is not really needed if you are not a philologist or a teacher of the Russian language. Rule: verb conjugation is determined by the indefinite form.
There is a clear algorithm, thanks to which you can correctly determine the conjugation of the verb. It is also important to remember a number of exceptions, to memorize all verbs declined differently. If the ending of the verb is under stress, you need to put the verb in the third person plural form. Vowels at the end of a word indicate that the verb belongs to 1 or 2 conjugation. Verbs of 1 conjugation have endings ut (-ut), 2 conjugations -at (-yat). For example, 1 conjugation includes verbs read, sing, bloom, and to 2 hang, burn, lie. It is very important to remember: to determine the conjugation at the end of the third person plural verb is possible only if the ending is stressed. If the stress does not fall on the end of the verb, the word must be translated into an indefinite form. For example: breathe breathe. The initial form answers the question of what to do, does not have main categories. It retains only the sign of the species, and it also determines whether the verb is reflexive, transitive or intransitive. The initial (indefinite) form is usually called the infinitive. Verbs that have an unstressed ending in the initial form it belong to the 2nd conjugation. The rest of the verbs belong to the 1st conjugation. You also need to remember a number of verbs that are exceptions to the rules. The following exception words belong to verbs of conjugation 1: beat, shave, twist, rot, live, build, swell, pour, drink, rest, lay, sew, -knock (bruise, make a mistake), as well as all the verbs that are formed from them. Even at school, everyone got acquainted with an easy rhyme that allows you to quickly remember 11 verbs, which are the most common exception words to the rule. They do not end in it, but they also belong to the 2nd conjugation. AT this case they are listed alphabetically: twirl, see, drive, hold, breathe, depend, hate, offend, hear, watch, endure. These words must be remembered
This rule in school constantly flew out of my head. And to determine the actual conjugation of the verb is not so difficult. We bring the verb to the initial form, i.e. infinitive and define. (the infinitive answers the question what to do? quot ;. If the ending of the word is on it and it is unstressed, then the word belongs to the second conjugation. 11 verbs are exceptions to the second conjugation. They must be remembered.
Our rhyme was a little different and it’s not so difficult to remember them:
Hear, see and offend, drive to keep and hate. And breathe, look, twirl. And depend and be patient.
🙂 The rest is all 1 conjugation.
To correctly write the personal endings of verbs, you need to correctly determine the conjugations of the verb, for many students this topic is difficult, confusing, but you still have to learn, remember the rules and exceptions. There are two conjugations of the verb - the first and the second.
In modern in Russian exists two verb conjugations: I and II.
Let me remind you that under the term verb" in this context means Part of speech answering questions what to do? , what to do? (and derivatives, like, what are we going to do? etc.). Verbs denote action, state, attitude. A verb can have the following features:
The verb can also have morphological features, like transitivity / intransitivity (I write the answer - transitive, I'm going - intransitive), (he apologized for a long time - returnable, we read - irrevocable).
Under " verb conjugation" - understand changing verbs by person(me, you, him, etc.) and numbers(singular and plural). Linguists also have the concept of verb conjugations in broad sense words by which they understand the change of the verb in moods, tenses, persons and numbers.
To determine the conjugation of a verb, you need:
At one time, at school, they forced me to memorize countingquot ;:
drive, hold, breathe, depend,
see, hear and hurt,
and also endure, turn
hate and watch.
It should be noted that all derivatives of these verbs will also refer to the 2nd conjugation.
Special mention should be made of some verbs in -it, in which the stress falls on the end of the word: shave, lay, rest, beat, twist, pour, drink, sew, rot, live, as well as verbs on -knock (bruise, make a mistake). They belong to the 1st conjugation.
It is customary to refer to the 1st conjugation such rare verbs as to build, to sway.
Knowing which conjugation the verb belongs to allows you to correctly write the endings when conjugating the verb (* in the first person singular, the verbs of both I and II conjugations end in -u (-u) *):
P.S. *There are several different conjugated verbs in Russian (with stressed endings) that have part of the forms of the 1st conjugation, part of the 2nd, for example: run, want*.
There are two conjugations in Russian that differ in endings. Verbs that have the endings -eat, -em, -et, -et, -ut, -yut, belong to the first conjugation, and verbs that have the endings -ish, -im, -it, -ite, -at, - yat, - to the second conjugation.
There are still exceptions, for the memorization of which I remember a rhyme from my school days:
Hear, see and hurt
Drive to breathe and hate
Watch, hold, twirl
And depend and be patient.
These are verbs of the second conjugation
Highly interest Ask You asked because there are many controversial and confusing questions on determining the conjugation of verbs in Russian. language.
As practice shows, many find it difficult to determine the conjugation of the verb.
The foundations for the study of verbal categories are usually laid in the early grades. And it is here, in the formation of the ability to determine the conjugation of the verb, that the teacher traps the first mistake.
You probably noticed that in Russian textbooks. lang. for the beginning schools when studying the topic Verb conjugation, exercises are first offered, which include the verb. with stressed personal endings in one of the personal forms.
It is interesting to note that, in my opinion, it is quite simple to determine the conjugation of such a form of the verb:
singled out a percussion personal. ending and called the conjugation.
Unfortunately, textbooks do not mention 1 important feature conjugated verbs (run, want) and verbs with archaic conjugation (give, eat), namely:
in terms of their personal forms, they also have shock endings (run, want, give, eat).
You will be surprised when you find out that another problem is that already in the 4th grade, in the morphological analysis of the verb, there are not only personal. forms, but also forms in the past. time or in the imperative mood. In this case, it is customary to put the verb. in 3rd person pl. hours, but it should be borne in mind that impersonal verbs from personal. forms there is only the form of the 3rd person singular. hours (dawn, evening, sleep).
1) conjugation as a language task in the morphological analysis of the verb as a part of speech;
2) conjugation as an orthographic necessity.
The ease of determining conjugation by stressed personal endings, unfortunately, leads to the fact that the teacher focuses on practicing conjugation only for verbs with unstressed. personal endings (work on spelling necessity), thereby voluntarily or involuntarily forming in children the skill to put any ch. at the beginning. form without checking if this verb has stressed forms. personal endings.
This simplification, as a rule, continues in the middle link. Imagine how you would feel if a teacher in Russian. lang. would put your child 2 only because he began to determine the conjugation from the search for the verb stress. personal ending?
So, what do most school graduates answer the question:
Many will answer:
This response indicates that in their minds stage I is not formed, requiring the identification of shock. personal graduation.
In addition, there is another difficulty in determining the conjugation of prefixes from verbs of exceptions. Of course, in school textbooks there is information that the prefix does not affect conjugations. verb, however, there is no systematic approach to the formation of the skill of determining the conjugation of this kind of verbs due to the lack of a universal algorithm and specially selected exercises.
Traditionally, the definition of verb conjugation includes 2 stages:
1) Personal endings of the verb The 1st and 2nd conjugations are clearly defined only under stress. To do this, you need to establish whether yavl-Xia personal. end of verb percussion or not.
2) If the emphasis is on personal. the ending does not fall, then we determine the conjugation by the infinitive, after separating the exception verbs.
Would you like to know what some researchers on this topic offer? They believe that when determining conjugations, it is necessary to pay attention not only to:
But it is also necessary to pay attention to their prefixed and postfixal variants.
When determining the conjugation, you also need to be attentive to verbs with the stressed prefix you-, because, most often, in the forms of such verbs. the stress is preserved on the prefix, while in the non-prefixed counterpart it can move to the ending:
They will sit out; cf. sitting
Run out run out; cf. run
Issue will be issued; cf. will give
Thus, the algorithm for determining conjugations. vb. should look like this:
Determine what form the verb is in.
Define conjugation.
If verb. has shock. personal ending, see point 1.
Other verbs. with unstressed personal put the end in the beginning. form.
I would like to draw attention to the fact that the last. the stage of determining the conjugations. vb. the following also applies:
But this note is less successful, because it can lead to a confusion of 2 concepts:
Examples:
From the damp aspen tree smelling of melting snow, the village children in a merry flock together ran across on a glade warmed by the spring sun.
We define conjugation. ch..
run conjugated verb form run away.
Conclusion: ran across conjugated verb form.
Brother delayed at work.
Def. conjugation ch..
Verb Keep verb-exclusion of the 2nd question.
Conclusion: delayed form ch. 2nd ref. (exception).
memorize this passage by heart.
We define ref. ch..
Conclusion: memorize form ch. 2nd conjugation.
So, as you noticed, it is proposed:
1) involve language exercises not only with prefixed ch. in the form of present or simple future. time, but also with other verb forms, complicated prefixes and postfixes;
2) practice the skill of highlighting the stem of the infinitive, so that the verb. with unstressed personal endings determine the conjugation using the final vowel of the stem.
The topic in Russian on conjugation of verbs is one of the most difficult and confusing, even for inveterate excellent students. The correct definition of the conjugation of the verb is facilitated by an understandable algorithm for its identification, shown in the diagram:
To master a complex topic in Russian, it is enough to learn the words that make up exceptions and a rule that is simple for visual and mental perception. The correct definition of the conjugation of the verb allows in the future to write all the endings of the verbs correctly, without errors.
Most in a simple way identifying verb conjugation is the differentiation of words by endings:
A more detailed definition of conjugation in Russian is memorization the following rules, suggesting which type of conjugation is used, I-th or II-th:
and the stress in the words of the II conjugation falls on -at / yat (beckon, give, lie)
Exception verbs: look, depend, hate, twirl, offend, breathe, drive (II conjugation)
The native Russian language strikes with the complexity of the rules. Here verb conjugations refers to those.
Verbs have only two conjugations - first and second. as a rule, the verb is associated with some kind of pronoun and person - I, you, he, she, they, we, you. And as we can see, the verb, or rather, its ending, will change if it is used with different pronouns: I left, she left, you left.
Thus, we can conclude that the conjugation of a verb is its change in persons and numbers. And then we look at the end of the verb. In this case, the verb must be in an indefinite form, that is, in one in which it is not clear to which person it belongs:
see - see, hear - hear, sing - sing.
The second words in these examples are the indefinite form of the verb. Now look at the stress in the endings. If the ending -it (love, tease) is stressed, then this verb belongs to the first conjugation, and if without stress, then this is a verb of the second conjugation. And in general, the second conjugation includes verbs with an unstressed personal personal ending (glue, ride, etc.) and eleven more verbs - exceptions to the rules (they are given in the authors' answers to the question).
The first conjugation includes verbs with endings: -y, -yu, -eat, -et, -em, -et, -ut, -yut.
The second conjugation includes verbs with endings: -u, -yu, -ish, -it, -im, -ite, -at, -yat.
Confusion can be introduced by heterogeneous verbs, which may have endings of both the first and second conjugations when the form of the verb changes: sit - the first conjugation, sit - the second conjugation.
If the ending of the verb is unstressed, then it must be put in an indefinite form (what to do? what to do?). offend, depend, hate to look, see, hear, breathe, hold, drive), then 1 conjugation. , then 2. (for example, flyIt-2 ref., poet-1ref)
Conjugation is a grammatical category of a verb, with the help of which, by determining its change by persons and numbers, it can tell a person which letter to write in words with the ending of which he doubts. In Russian, there are 2 two conjugations of the verb: the first and the second. We know this from school. Depending on which of them the verb belongs to, the choice of the letter that must be written at its end occurs. A little easier with past tense verbs, they have no conjugation. how to deal with verb conjugation in Russian, in this might not help much complex scheme and a rhyme that in the fifth grade is given to children in Russian lessons
Determining the verb conjugation is easy. To do this, you need to put the verb in an indefinite form and see what they end in. So, all verbs in -it belong to the 2nd conjugation, exceptions - to shave, lay (they refer, respectively, to the 1st conjugation). All other verbs that end in -et, -ut, -at, -yt, -yat, and so on, belong to 1 conjugation. But there are 11 exception verbs (endure, twirl, offend, hate, depend, look, see, hold, drive, hear, breathe, which respectively belong to 1 conjugation).
And it is also necessary to remember that in Russian there are different conjugated verbs. Such verbs can have both first and second conjugation endings.
1) First you need to determine whether the verb ending is stressed.
If there is a stressed vowel at the end of the verb:
2) If at the end of the verb the vowel is not stressed, then the conjugation should be determined by the infinitive. If the verb in the infinitive form ends in it, then this is a verb of the 2nd conjugation. Exceptions: lay, shave, sway and build.
It is also worth remembering 11 verbs of the 2nd conjugation with the endings and utquot ;: depend, see, hate, endure, hear, twirl, offend, breathe, drive, hold, watch.
All other verbs in which the vowel at the end is unstressed are of the 1st conjugation.
The Russian language is considered the most difficult because of the large number of exceptions. These are letter combinations and spelling features. separate parts speech. The greatest difficulty for students, and for adults, is the spelling of the endings of nouns and verbs.
Not only children, but also adults find it difficult to write the letters e / and in the endings of verbs in the present and future tenses. Students in the fourth grade get acquainted with the personal endings of this part of speech. At this time, children will learn about how verbs are conjugated.
Conjugation is the change of the verb in the present and future tenses according to numbers and persons. This changes the endings. In many cases, spelling problems do not arise if this part of the word is stressed. And what to do if the stress does not fall on the ending?
In order not to make a mistake in choosing the right letter at the end you need to know some rules:
Important! This definition of conjugation applies only to verbs with unstressed endings.
But from this moment the difficulties begin. The fact is that in any language there are many exceptions that do not obey the established laws of the language. Such curiosities apply to the verbs of the present and future tenses. Knowledge of specific endings of I and II conjugations does not always lead to correct result. It's all about words that do not obey certain rules that are in both conjugations.
According to the rules of the Russian language, action words ending in the infinitive with -et, -at, -yat, -ot, -ut, -yt are verbs of the first conjugation. For example, melt, weed, dive, play and so on. But some of them, ending in -et, -at, do not want to obey and go into the second conjugation. While shaving, laying are also exceptions to the rule, they are written with the vowel "e" in personal endings and are representatives of the first conjugation.
Schoolchildren have no less difficulty writing the vowels “e” or “i” in the endings of the exceptions related to the 2nd conjugation. There are a few words that do not want to obey the accepted rules of the language.
Exception verbs:
Let's give examples of changes:
In addition, it does not matter whether there is a prefix in the word or not (drive - overtake, hold - withstand, wind - turn), all the same, such exclusion verbs belong to the II conjugation.
All exception words must be learned and applied when writing texts. Of course, adults can find their own ways of memorizing. And schoolchildren remember better if rhyming is used.
There are poems related to memorizing exception words. a large number of. Everyone can choose their own option.
As we have already said, remembering the rule is not easy if you learn exception verbs separately as they are given in the rules of the Russian language.
Teachers always try to make it easy to memorize any rules different ways. This also applies to verbs. . Here are some handy tricks:
In practice, it has been proven that rhyming lines combined with movement are remembered faster and for a long time. It is enough just to start reading a poem, as children remember the sequence of words and apply them when writing.
I would like to offer this option.
The second conjugation includes, without a doubt, all the verbs that on -it (we exclude shaving, laying).
And also these:
We drive, we hold, we look, we see.
We breathe, we hear, we hate.
And we depend, and we turn, and we offend, and we endure.
Words are rhymed in each sentence. When reading, children reinforce words with movement:
And in this way every verb is put into action. Of course, the movements may be different, but the essence remains the same - rhyming is learned quickly and firmly.
The ability to write correctly must be instilled from birth. Every Russian person should be proud of his origin. And write with errors on your mother tongue ashamed.
General information about the lesson
Lesson topic:"How to determine the conjugation of a verb with an unstressed personal ending".
Time spending: 2 academic hours.
Goals:
Learning goal: to teach to recognize the conjugation of verbs in an indefinite form through a problem situation for the correct spelling of unstressed personal endings of verbs;
Developmental goal: activation of cognitive activity through the decision logical tasks, the development of spelling vigilance, cognitive interest, the ability to compare, generalize;
Educational goal: creating an atmosphere of goodwill between students, teachers and students, stimulating active creative work, instilling interest in learning the Russian language.
Equipment: multimedia overhead projector, multimedia presentation, board design (on the middle board - a poem from the 1st stage of the lesson, on the closed halves of the board - tasks for independent work), a sheet with the topic of the lesson - for the board, individual cards, a table with the algorithm "How to determine the conjugation of verbs" , mini-test.
Lesson plan.
Updating knowledge and checking homework.
Formulation of the problem.
Learning new material.
Fizkultminutka.
Consolidation of what has been learned.
Knowledge control.
Homework.
Reflection.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment:
Hello! Sit down.
(On the desk):
Interesting part of speech
Lives in Russian..t.
Who is doing ..t, tell ..t,
Damn..t, write..t or po..t,
Embroidery..t, or pash..t,
Or scoring..t a goal,
Mo..t, clean..t, hot..t, var..t -
Tell us everything ... (verb)
Today in the lesson, guys, we continue to talk about the verb, and more specifically, about the conjugation of the verb.
II. Updating knowledge and checking homework
And before moving on to the study of new material, we need to remember what we know about the verb.
On the desk in front of you are individual cards. I ask everyone to sign them. Today you will not only learn new material, but also to complete a number of tasks. You can also play the role of an expert. For correct answers you will receive points. At the end of the lesson, you need to turn in individual sheets.
1 task:(Slides 2, 3)
Continue suggestions:
The adjective changes according to gender, cases and numbers.
The noun changes in numbers and cases.
The verb changes in person and number.
When mutually checking, they exchange sheets (for each correct answer, 1 point - we put it in front of the task).
You remembered that the verb changes in persons and numbers.
What is the change of the verb in person and number called? (Conjugation ) (Slide 4)
We know that a verb has only two conjugations. And how do they differ? (ending)
Right. Let's check what you learned at home. For this - the second task.
2 task: (Slides 5, 6)
The endings of the verbs are mixed up, help divide them into 1 and 2 conjugations:
Im, -et, -ut, -yut, -ite, -it, -eat, -ish, -at, -eat, -yat, -et.
| Eat, -ut, -yut, -eat, -eat, -eat | Im, -ite, -it, -ish, -at, -yat |
When mutually checking, they exchange sheets (for two correct columns 2 points - put opposite the task).
3 task:(Slides 7, 8)
Put the stress in the words, insert the missing vowels, determine the conjugation of the verbs:
Lead ....sh, slip ....t, scream ....t, call ....m, talk ....sh.
Was it easy to identify vowels in verb endings? Why? (Yes, easy. They are under stress)
III. Formulation of the problem.
Now work on another group of words. This is your leaf independent work. You don't need to sign sheets. Put endings in them.
You are a game .... sh
man tone….t
laziness shaft….t
who will tell .... t
we are not bored .... m
Let's check the work first on the board. 2 students work: they will enter the necessary letters. (Children work for two different boards do not see each other's work).
Guys, the task for two students was the same? (Yes)
And is it done in the same way? (No, different)
Why do you think? (We don't know...)
Which part of the word is missing a vowel? (at the end)
And how do these words differ from the words of the third task? (They have unstressed endings!)
Is it easy to determine the vowels in the endings of such verbs? (It is difficult, since the rule we know cannot be applied)
What do you think we should do in class today? What do you think the topic of our lesson will be? What will we need to learn? (Determine how to write unstressed verb endings; determine the verb conjugation in this case; must learn to do it correctly)
(On the board, attach a sheet with the topic of the lesson “How to determine the conjugation of a verb with an unstressed personal ending”).
IV. Learning new material.
Let's look at the following words. (Slide 9 - first click):
top it- top And help no- pom O whose
light it- light And t gre no- gr E be
love it- love And forget no- zab S be
gift it- gift And write no- wrote BUT be
- Look at the highlighted verb endings in the first words and the highlighted suffixes in the second words of each pair. Pay attention to the stresses in the first words.
Do they fall for endings? (Not)
What can you say about the shape of every second word? (This is N.F.)
Now look at how the conjugations are distributed to these pairs. (Slide 9 - second click)
Using this slide, try to conclude how the infinitive suffix of a verb affects the spelling of the unstressed personal ending of the verb. (If the suffix n.f. of the verb is written And, then this is the verb of the II conjugation, and if O, E, Y, A, then this is the verb of the I conjugation).
Let's make an algorithm for determining the conjugation of the verb:
So, what steps should we take with you to write the personal endings of verbs correctly? (It is necessary to determine the conjugation of the verb. To do this, you need to determine the stressed or unstressed ending of the verb.)
If the ending of the verb is stressed, on what basis is the conjugation determined? (The conjugation of verbs with stressed endings is determined by the ending: 1st conjugation - eat, et, eat, et, ut, (ut), 2nd conjugation - ish, it, im, ite, at, (yat)).
And if the ending is unstressed? Let's continue compiling the algorithm:
I have prepared a memo for each of you (on the table). (Slide 10) Please note that this memo contains special exception words that you need to remember.
V. Fizkultminutka.
We are a little tired, it's time to think about rest.
It's easy fun
Turns left and right.
We all know for a long time -
There is a wall, and there is a window.
We squat quickly, deftly.
Here, the trick is already visible.
To develop muscles
You have to sit down a lot.
And now walking in place
This is also interesting.
VI. Consolidation of what has been learned.
1. We rested and are ready to apply the acquired knowledge. To begin with, let's deal with the work of the guys on the board (we explain from the spot):
you play (play - 1 conjugation, so the ending is EAT)
a person is drowning (to drown - 1 conjugation, so the ending is -ET)
laziness brings down (to bring down - 2 conjugation, therefore the ending is -IT)
who will tell (tell - 1 conjugation, so the ending is -ET)
we don't miss (miss - 1 conjugation, so the ending is -EAT)
2. And now let's practice in the correct definition of the conjugation of verbs - let's work in pairs.
You have a card with a table on your desk. (Slides 11, 13) The first column contains nouns and the second column contains verbs. Together with a neighbor on the desk, connect the verbs with the nouns correctly with lines. Next on the line, write the verbs in the indefinite form and determine the conjugation. Then put the vowels in the endings of the verbs. You should get 3rd person plural verbs. Use the Algorithm. (Slide 12)
Test yourself! Raise your hands those who have not a single mistake in the table.
3. Let's return to individual cards.
4 task:(Slides 14, 15)
Determine the conjugations and write out the phrases in 2 columns: verbs with the endings of the 1st conjugation and the endings of the 2nd conjugation. To do this, 1. put the verb in N.F., 2. determine the conjugation according to the algorithm, 3. insert and highlight the endings in the original verbs (the masculine singular form), 4. distribute the phrases into conjugation columns.
Enjoy ... nature, turn .... the wheel, hide .... hide in the reeds, build .... a house, hold .... tightly.
When mutually checking, they exchange sheets (for each correct answer, 1 point - we put it in front of the task).
What are the exception verbs? (Twirls, holds).
You remember, friends, they cannot be conjugated in -E!
Count the number of points scored in individual cards and mark yourself (14-15 points - “5”, 10-13 points - “4”, do not evaluate the rest of the work yet, we will finalize this material tomorrow) and pass the cards to the first desks.
VII. Knowledge control.
Now be especially careful. You have learned a lot today and, of course, we must find out what and how we learned in order to know what to do in the future. You have a piece of paper with a mini-test on your desk. Sign it and do it.
Mini test.
1. Changing verbs in persons and numbers is called ...
A) declension B) conjugation C) alternation
2. How many conjugations are there in Russian?
3. Verbs of II conjugation have endings ...
A) -eat, -eat, -eat, -ut, -yut B) -esh, -it, -im, -ite, -at, -yat C) -eat, -eat, -eat, -at, - yat.
4. Indicate the line with the verbs of the I conjugation.
5. Indicate the line with the verbs of the II conjugation.
A) sew, sow, lay B) trust, sing, rumble C) breathe, twirl, speak.
(Slide 16)When mutually checking, they exchange sheets (for the correct answer 1 point - put in front of the task).
Put marks in the mini-tests according to the points scored and collect them: Irina - on "5", Andrey - on "4", Misha - on "3". If you have fewer points, do not take the tests yet.
VIII. Homework.
You are given sheets with text and missing verbs to work at home. Insert the appropriate verbs from the data into reference material below, mark the conjugation. Everything is done on the given sheet with the text. Review the sheet.
A snowy white cloud, huge as the sky, ______________ the entire horizon and the last light of the red burnt evening dawn quickly ______________ in a thick veil. Suddenly ______________ night, ______________ snowstorm with all its fury, with all its horrors, ______________ desert wind in the wild, ______________ snowdrifts, like swan fluff, to heaven. All ______________ white darkness, impenetrable, like the darkness of the darkest autumn night. Everything: earth, sky, air, sky ______________ into the abyss of boiling snowy dust, which ______________ eyes, ______________ breath, flew from all sides, from above and below, like a kite, and ______________ everything he came across.
Words for reference: tighten, pull, play out, blow up, throw up, fly in, dress, merge, mix, blind, occupy, roar, whistle, howl, moan, beat, wag, twirl, turn, wrap around, stop, choke, attack, come on, push.
IX. Reflection.
Guys, our lesson is coming to an end. Finally, answer the questions:
Let's insert the correct endings into the poem about the verb that opened our lesson (children's answers from the place according to the model: verb from the text; stressed or unstressed ending: if stressed - immediately insert the ending, if unstressed - n.f.; what ends; according to the memo, we determine the conjugation; according to the conjugation, insert the ending in the verb from the text).
Interesting part of speech
alive in Russian et.
Who's doing what no tell me no,
Crap it, write no or by et.
embroidery no or pash no,
Or scoring no Goal.
Mo no, clean it, fever it, var it -
Tell everything no us a verb.
I will look at the cards and tests you have passed, and tomorrow you will find out what grades will be put down in the journal. Tomorrow we will return to the topic of our today's lesson and make up for what was misunderstood.
Goodbye!
List of used literature.
Programs of educational institutions. Russian language. 5 - 9 grade /. M.T. Baranov, T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, N.M. Shansky. - Enlightenment, 2006.
Federal component of the State Standard general education. - M., Bustard, 2004.
Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T. and others. Russian language. Textbook for grade 5 educational institutions. - M., Education, 2010.
Bogdanova G.A. Russian language lessons in grade 5 / G.A. Bogdanova. - St. Petersburg, 2004.
Belyaeva O.V., Datsenko O.A. Universal lesson developments in the Russian language for the textbooks of M.T. Baranova and others: Grade 5. - M.: VAKO, 2007.
Kostyaeva T.A.. Testing and test papers in Russian: Grade 5 / T.A. Kostyaeva. - M.: Enlightenment, 2005.
Malyushkin A.B. Test tasks to test students' knowledge of the Russian language: Grade 5. - M.: TC "Sphere", 1998.
Matyushkin A.M. Problem situations in learning and thinking. - M.: 1972.
Makhmutov M.I. Problem-based learning. - M.: 1975.
Trostentsova L.A. Didactic materials in Russian: Grade 5: A book for the teacher / L.A. Trostentsova, M.M. Strakevich. - M.: Enlightenment, 2004.
Ugrovatova T.Yu. Tips for every day: Russian in a lesson in grade 5. - M.: VLADOS, 1995.
- perhaps one of the most difficult topics in the Russian language course.
However, it is necessary to master it well: not a single school dictation can do without verbs.
In addition, tasks related to determining the conjugation of the verb will certainly meet in the test part of the final exams in the Russian language - in the ninth grade and - in the eleventh.
Despite the fact that to determine the conjugation of the verb and correctly write its personal endings are taught back in primary school, there are plenty of errors on this rule in the works of schoolchildren of all age categories.
Conquering His Majesty the Verb is not easy… But we will try to do it step by step. First, let's figure out what this notorious verb conjugations.
Conjugation is the change of the verb in persons and numbers.
What does it look like in practice?
The person and number of a verb can be determined by substituting one of the appropriate personal pronouns for it.
Let's remember these pronouns:
Yes, to the verb you go can be substituted :( You're going So it's a 2nd person singular verb. And to the verb let's sing the pronoun is substituted we is a 1st person plural verb. (They) glue- 3rd person plural (I am telling- 1 person singular, etc.
Now we will learn how to conjugate verbs (that is, change them according to persons and numbers).
So, for example, verbs are conjugated do and glue:
Verb endings in the first, second and third person called personal. The forms of verbs formed during conjugation have the same name.
By the way, we singled out the endings of verbs not by chance. The Russian language has a huge number of different verbs. But almost all of them, according to their personal endings, are divided into only two types.
The first type of verbs (i.e. first conjugation verbs) has personal endings:
-y ( or -yu), -eat, -eat, -ete, -et, -ut ( or -ut) .
Verb endings of the second type (i.e. verbs of the second conjugation):
—y( or -yu), -im, -ish, -ite, -it, -at ( or -yat) .
Surely you have already noted that we have conjugated verbs of both types: verb do refers to first conjugation, and the verb glue - to second conjugation.
The personal endings of the verbs of the first and second conjugations must be remembered!
Indeed, why? Why do teachers periodically complicate the life of schoolchildren, forcing them to cram - in verse and prose - verbs-exclusions, to repeat again and again the seemingly memorized rule for determining conjugation? It turns out that there is a reason - and the reason is important.
Try, without knowing the rules, to insert the missing letters into the verbs:
(we) se...m,
(we) view ... m.
Not an easy task, is it? Even if nature has endowed you with innate literacy, it is not easy to write the personal endings of verbs correctly.
It is much easier for those who have determined that the verb sow refers to the first conjugation, and the verb see- to the second.
From the list of personal endings of the verbs of the first conjugation, we select the ending that is appropriate in meaning for the verb se ... m - -EM. And write the verb correctly:
From another list - personal endings of the second conjugation - we select the desired personal ending for the verb view ... m - -IM. Let's write the verb correctly:
By the way, the vowels in the suffixes of the present participles also depend on the conjugation of the verb. If a the participle is formed from the verb of the first conjugation, its suffixes will be:
-usch-, -yusch-, -om-, -em- .
At participles formed from verbs of the second conjugation, the suffixes are as follows:
-ash-, -shch-, -im- .
So, the ability to determine verb conjugations is necessary in order to correctly write personal verb endings and participle suffixes. Now another quite reasonable question arises - how exactly to determine the conjugation of the verb?
To determine the conjugation of a verb, first of all, put it in the indefinite form.
Recall: in indefinite form(it is called the infinitive in another way) the verb answers the question what to do? or what to do? —watch, seek, carry, cherish, hope, etc.)
Let's see where the verb ends. For example, the verb watch ends with -et, search- on the -at, carry- on the -ti, save - on Whoa, hope- on the -yat(postfix -sya we discard), etc.
And here, in fact, rule .
—all verbs ending in the infinitive with -IT except for three shave, to lay, to lay ;
— 11 exception verbs, which end in -ET and -AT(they must be memorized!)
all other verbs, including exception verbsshave, lay down, build up.
Note. This way of determining the conjugation is only suitable for verbs in which the stress does not fall on the personal ending.
Do not try to determine the infinitive conjugation of verbs with stressed personal endings.
Firstly, this is not necessary, since stressed vowels are heard clearly, which means that the rule does not need to be applied for their correct spelling in the endings of verbs.
Secondly, when determining the conjugation of verbs with stressed personal endings by the infinitive, you risk getting confused: the verb fly, for example, ends in an indefinite form in -ET (and if you apply the rule to it, it turns out that it is of the first conjugation). However, the personal forms of the verb fly have all second conjugation endings ( years them, years ish, years ite, years it, years yat). Therefore, this verb must be attributed to the second conjugation.
The conjugation of verbs with stressed personal endings is determined by the endings themselves, and not by the indefinite form!
So, we found out that it is necessary to determine the conjugation of the verb in order to correctly write vowels in personal endings. In practice, it looks like this.
Suppose you want to insert missing letters in verbs:
(we)se...m,
(they)kol…tsya,
(you)drank ... sew,
(he)hold…t.
The personal endings of these verbs are unstressed, and to determine the conjugations, you need to put the verbs in the indefinite form.
Se ... m - sow . In the infinitive, the verb ends in -yat, which means it refers to first conjugation. We remember personal endings of verbs of 1 conjugation:
We select from the list the ending that suits us in meaning: -EAT. Write the verb correctly: se eat .
Kol ... tsya - prick Xia. In the indefinite form, the verb ends in -ot and therefore also applies to first conjugation(on the postfix -sya in this case, we do not pay attention: it does not affect the spelling of the verb). Choose the appropriate ending from the list:
Without gaps, the verb looks like this: count yutsya .
Drank ... sh - saw . The infinitive of this verb ends in -it - so we have a verb second conjugation. Let's remember personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation and choose from them what suits the meaning:
Without gaps, the verb is written like this: drank ish.
Hold ... t - hold.The verb ends in the infinitive with -at. Remember: the verb to hold is one of the four exception verbs in -at related to to the second conjugation (prefix y- does not affect the spelling of the verb). Choose the appropriate ending from the list:
We write the verb in accordance with the rule: hold it.
There are verbs in Russian that, when conjugated, acquire personal endings of both the first and second conjugations. There are only three such verbs: want, run and glimpse. Since these verbs cannot be attributed to either the first or second conjugation, they are considered differently conjugated.
Let's analyze the forms of the verb to want. In the singular it has the endings of the first conjugation: hoch eat, hoch no. But the plural forms are already conjugated according to the second type of conjugation: hot them, hot ite, hot yat .
All personal verb endings run away drums: beige them, beige ish, beige ite, beige it, run ut . As you can see, in the plural of the third person, the verb has the ending of the first conjugation -ut. The rest of its forms are conjugated according to the second conjugation.
Verb brezz it not used in the first and second person. As for the third person, in the singular the verb acquires the ending of the second conjugation (brezz it) , and in the plural - the ending of the first conjugation (brezz ut) .
Verbs in Russian, when conjugated, acquire, as a rule, personal endings of one of two types of conjugation. An exception are verbs of special conjugation, which have specific personal endings. These are verbs there is and to give – ancient words, apparently one of the first to appear in all languages of the world. Let's analyze their forms.
Verb there is (in the sense of "to take food") in the plural is conjugated like the verbs of the second conjugation: units them, units ite, units yat . But in the singular, the endings in the forms of this verb are special: e m (the ending -m), e sh (the ending -sh), e st (the ending -st).
Verb to give in the plural it is also conjugated as verbs of the second conjugation ( dad them, dad ite ), and as a verb of the first conjugation ( dad ut ). As for the singular, here the endings are specific, like those of the verb there is: Yes m (the ending -m ), Yes sh (the ending -sh), Yes st (the ending -st).
