The sewerage system has long been no longer a luxury in a private home. The presence of sewerage allows you to install sinks, sinks, bathtubs, showers and even toilets in the house, making life easier modern man, making it comfortable. Previously, cast iron pipes were used to create drainage systems. The advantage of this material is its high strength, so it can withstand various mechanical loads. This material has a long service life, but it also has disadvantages - high price and heavy weight. Despite all the advantages of cast iron, today it has been replaced by such a popular material as plastic. Plastic sewerage has more advantages than cast iron, so the use of this material has become widespread.
Plastic sewer pipes are classified according to a number of the following parameters:
Plastic sewer pipes are divided into four main types:
All these types of plastic pipes have found their use both in multi-apartment buildings and private houses and even cottages. Before constructing a sewer system, you need to select pipes for its construction, since the correct choice is influenced by factors such as long service life and reliability. To do right choice plastic pipes for sewer construction, you need to know the characteristics of each type of material.
Polyethylene pipes high pressure are popular during installation waste systems, since they have the following advantages:
In what cases is it appropriate to use polyethylene pipelines for the construction of sewerage, we will consider in detail.
The disadvantage of polyethylene is its tendency to soften at temperatures above 80 degrees. In order to exclude Negative consequences, it is recommended not to pour boiling water down the drain or dilute it with cold water.
If you give preference to cross-linked polyethylene, this material can withstand temperatures up to 200 degrees. Moreover, it costs 2 times more than ordinary polyethylene.
Pipes made from this material are used for water supply installations, but in rare cases they are installed for sewerage. The main advantage of polypropylene is the low weight of the products, so even one person can handle the installation of the pipeline.
Benefits polypropylene pipes are the following factors:
It can be used where there is a possibility of mechanical damage, and where boiling water is often discharged through the pipeline. Among the disadvantages, it should be noted that the material is afraid of cold, so a crack may occur even at -15. If the product is not insulated enough, the sewer system will soon have to be replaced. This material is not suitable for northern regions, nor for the removal of aggressive substances. When exposed negative environment(acid or alkali), the material undergoes decomposition.
For the construction of waste systems, pipelines made of materials such as polyvinyl chloride or PVC are often used. PVC pipes have many advantages, thanks to which they have found their use in this area. Polyvinyl chloride sewer pipes are relatively inexpensive and highly efficient.
The rationality of their use is determined by the following factors:
Corrugated two-component PVC pipelines are the most popular materials for construction sewer pipes wires in the ground.
Polybutylene is one of the least used materials for the construction of sewage drains. This material is often used for water supply or the construction of heating systems. However, due to the fact that the material promotes the development of bacteria, it is used for the construction of water pipes in rare cases.
The main feature of polybutylene is its elasticity. After unwinding the pipeline from the coil, it very quickly takes a straightened position. Due to its elasticity, this type of material is used for laying pipelines in panels frame houses, including for the construction of sewage drains. Polybutylene is highly flammable and is also subject to destructive effects at chlorine concentrations greater than 2 mg/l.
What types of plastic sewer pipes there are and how they differ from each other is now known. An important criterion that characterizes sewer pipelines is the standard size. Pipe assortment plastic products is quite diverse, so when choosing a pipeline it is important to pay attention to the size of the pipelines.
The diameters of PVC sewer pipes are presented in the table below.
When laying PVC plumbing pipes for sewer construction, it is important to consider the dimensions. To select the correct dimensions of pipelines for the sewer system, it is recommended to rely on the following features:
For external sewerage, plastic pipelines larger than 110 mm are used. The construction of an external sewer system made of plastic with a diameter of less than 110 mm for a private house may lead to the need for frequent inspections to clean the system. When constructing a sewage system, it is important to take into account criteria such as the number of floors in a private house, as well as the number of residents.
When constructing a sewage system, in addition to pipelines, you will also need connectors. Products such as fittings act as connecting elements. They are different types and sizes, so let's look at some of them.
There are many other connector options that are used depending on their purpose.
The rigidity of plastic pipes is closely related to strength. To distinguish products, manufacturers usually paint them in different colors. The light brown color of the pipeline means that it is intended for arranging a waste system indoors. Orange-brown products are intended exclusively for the construction of external networks.
Products differ from each other according to their hardness class:
When choosing plastic products, attention is paid to the rigidity class, which will extend the service life of the system.
If installation sewer pipeline is carried out independently, which is quite realistic, it is important to take into account some features of the work. These features include:
When connecting sewer pipelines, it is recommended to additionally coat the joints with waterproof sealants. This will eliminate not only the occurrence of leaks, but also unpleasant odor in room.
Plastic sewer products are characterized by efficiency, unlike their cast iron counterparts. If there is a need to repair the sewer system or build a new drain, then it is recommended to give preference to a new type of material for the construction - plastic.
The parameters and dimensions of plastic sewer pipes depend on their area of application - whether it is an internal pipe or an external one. The outer ones have greater wall thickness, and, consequently, strength. Plastic pipes differ in the material from which they are made:
Sewer PVC pipes– were among the first to find application in the pipe sector.
When tested in field conditions, only these products gave positive results - after 50 years of work in the ground, the water supply system showed full suitability for further use for the same period.
European countries have appreciated the reliability and environmental friendliness of PVC products - today their use reaches 80%.
Currently, no other species can successfully compete with them. This is due to the following advantages of use.
All specified properties, the range of pipe products and shaped elements for them must correspond to the standard values given in the tables of GOST and TU according to which these products are manufactured.
First of all - for its intended purpose - for gravity drains of new or reconstruction of existing sewer systems (external - Ø 110 mm and above, internal - starting from Ø 50 mm - see table).
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PVC pipes for sewerage are available in a diameter range of 50 ÷ 630 mm.
Their range corresponds to the size tables used in sewer networks– both external and internal.
The choice is made in accordance with the need to solve the assigned problems. To simplify this process, a single standard has been created regulating their sizes. The defining quantity is the diameter. Table 2 shows the size range of manufactured PVC products for sewer systems.
Manufacturers mark these products by outer diameter indicating wall thickness. The internal diameter is defined as the difference between the external diameter and twice the wall thickness.
When installing communications outside buildings, the dependence of the structural rigidity on the expected load is taken into account:
Sewage pipes made of polyvinyl chloride Ø 110 mm have the most wide range applications – both when installing internal and external communications.
Their capacity allows them to be used in small house or an apartment, if the amount of plumbing in it is standard.
Outdoor systems sewer PVCØ 110 are mounted if necessary:
The widespread use of Ø 110 pipes is economically and technically justified. This is favored by:
When laying sewer lines PVC systemsØ 110 mm please note:
Pipelines from pipes PVC size 110 mm can be concreted provided they are pre-wrapped with parchment and waterproofing material.
Sewer pipes Ø 50 mm – products with a small diameter, correspond to the beginning size range sewer pipeline (Table 2).
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Are used:
Fast and easy installation is ensured by a socket connection.
Pipes Ø 50 mm have proper rigidity, are resistant to high temperatures, and can be installed without the use of fittings.
If installation work and operation is carried out correctly, the service life of such sewage systems can be quite long - several decades.
Ø 50 mm gray pipes with a smooth surface. There is a socket for a connecting ring.
Supplied with a cuff.
Extremely heat the liquid passed through is 70°C.
A short-term exposure (up to two minutes) to a hotter liquid is possible - up to 95°C.
There is a tendency to extinguish upon fire.
There is no reaction to all substances that can be used on the farm.
There is no release of toxic compounds.
Resistant to the release of acids - organic and inorganic, alkalis.
High strength allows you to withstand pressure of 12 MPa.
An important task when laying pipelines is to ensure that there is no internal pressure.
As can be seen from Table 2, diameters and wall thicknesses are interrelated quantities. They have fixed values and comply with SNiP 2.04.01085 standards. The same document defines formulas for calculating all parameters of the sewer system. If necessary, you can calculate pressure, temperature, and joining angles. To install a sewer system in a house, it is enough to take into account the basic indicators.
Sewage pipes presented in Table 2 for installation internal systems are made with a gray surface, for external communications - painted red.
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All these qualities make PVC sewer pipes the most popular compared to all those used today.
Modern drainage systems polymer materials have huge advantages over outdated structures made of cast iron and steel. Apart from the fact that there are a wide variety of different sizes PVC sewer pipes, these products are distinguished by excellent technical characteristics. PVC pipes are lightweight and easy to work with, polymer plastic resistant to mechanical stress, chemically active liquids, fungus and mold. Of course, not the least important is the durability, reliability and affordable cost of PVC plumbing pipes for sewerage, the dimensions of which allow you to create systems of any size and complexity. But, in order to carry out this work quickly and efficiently, you need to know what performance qualities are inherent in plastic sewer pipes.
The sizes of plastic sewer pipes are varied enough to transport a wide variety of liquids inside and outside the house to the final point, which may be general system sewage collection, collector or septic tank. Despite the fact that these products look almost the same, their purpose may not differ significantly depending on the model.
So, regardless of size, PVC sewer pipes have the following strength classification:
Using plastic pipes of various sizes, external and internal sewer structures, pressure and gravity drainage systems for wastewater, storm and melt water are created. When choosing PVC sewer pipes, you need to take into account that the size and color of the products are different. So, sections and fittings for interior work have grey colour. PVC pipes for external sewerage have more impressive dimensions. Products in this series have a bright orange color. Regardless of type and size, plastic sewer pipes match perfectly in all respects.
On a note: The efficiency and practicality of a drainage system directly depends on the size of the PVC drainage pipes used to assemble them.
This does not mean at all that you need to use the largest products. This approach is wrong, as it leads to unnecessary waste of money, effort and living space indoors. Everywhere you need to find a middle ground.
Standard sizes of plastic sewer pipes are divided according to the following indicators:
When purchasing sections, you need to purchase fittings of the appropriate parameters. To avoid unwanted discrepancies in sizes, it is advisable to buy a set of parts from one manufacturer. The goods must be taken with a margin of up to 15% to account for scraps and possible errors.
Plastic sewer pipes in many areas of human activity have today almost completely replaced traditional metal pipes. The first is based on:
The most popular for arranging modern sewer systems are PVC pipes, because they are resistant to aggressive substances found in household and industrial wastewater. Those elements that are in the ground can also have a negative impact.
If we're talking about As for high-quality plastic pipes for laying sewers, they have a perfectly smooth surface, so clogging during operation is extremely rare. During installation, there is no need to use any special tool; a hacksaw for metal will be sufficient for cutting, and its small teeth practically do not form burrs.
Sewer plastic pipes are made from complex polymer compounds that are obtained during use latest technologies. This guarantees durability and reliability. If you want to choose especially durable products, then you should prefer metal-polymer sewer pipes.
Plastic pipes are quite easy to install; their installation requires less labor, this applies not only to the inside of the house. Such products are distinguished by excellent throughput, they are easy to bend at a certain angle. You can lay the pipes yourself. They have many advantages, including:
Sewage plastic pipes are ready to last more than 50 years. They do not require constant maintenance.
The products described may have a variety of sizes. If we are talking about an impressive diameter, then it is designed for increased load, so such pipes are installed to service buildings of social facilities, cottages and apartment buildings. For example, a diameter of 200 mm is suitable for a hospital, hotel or sauna.
If the diameter is increased to 300 mm, then such a pipe will be suitable for the operation of industrial facilities. IN individual construction small diameter products are required. A 150 mm riser will not be fully used, even if there are several bathrooms in the house. Square pipes can be used to solve irrigation problems personal plots. To organize drains from individual appliances such as washbasins, showers and baths, you can use 75 mm pipes.
To ensure the toilet works, it is necessary to use a 100 or 110 mm pipe. When choosing sizes, it is also important to take into account the wall thickness, which will depend on the diameter of the pipe. If the cross-section is 160 mm, then the wall thickness will be 3.9 mm. In this case, a parameter of 110 mm will indicate that the wall thickness is 3 mm.
The weight of the pipe also depends on the diameter. For example, a 160 mm pipe weighs 2 kg, while a 110 mm pipe will weigh 1 kg. Sewage plastic pipes also have a certain length. According to state standards, manufacturers produce separate sections from 1 to 6 m, the step will be 1 m.
A plastic sewer pipe, the characteristics of which you should know before purchasing this product, has a high mechanical strength. This is due to three-layer manufacturing technology and external corrugation. That is why these elements can be installed to a depth of up to 8 m. The pipes are resistant to aggressive environments. This especially applies to PVC-U materials, because they are used for transporting gases and chemical liquids.
The internal pressure will depend on the wall thickness and design, the maximum value can be up to 16 bar, while the minimum is 6 bar. The main disadvantage of these pipes is temperature limitation. Maximum temperature is 65 °C, while the minimum is -10 °C.
Some models allow short-term exposure to temperatures up to +90 °C. Specific gravity may vary depending on wall thickness and diameter, but on average it is 2 kg per linear meter. At rupture, the maximum tensile strength is 50 MPa.
The sizes of plastic sewer pipes have been mentioned above. But this parameter cannot be called the only one that you should be interested in when purchasing these products. For example, it is also important to pay attention to the color, which indicates the purpose.
A gray tint indicates that there is a pipe in front of you. internal sewerage. It has smooth walls and is connected by a socket. The most popular sizes are: 32, 40, 50 and 110 mm. The length can vary from 315 to 3000 mm. Taking into account the rigidity conditions, the wall thickness should be selected. However, for gravity systems this parameter cannot be less than 1.8 mm.
External plastic sewer pipes are usually yellow or orange colors. They are used for outdoor installation and are used under more severe conditions. This determines that they have their own list of wall thicknesses for each diameter. For example, for a 200 mm diameter the wall thickness will be 3.9 mm. This applies to pipes for light conditions; they are laid to a depth of up to 4 meters.
With the above diameter, the wall thickness will be 4.9 mm if the pipes are operated under average conditions of rigidity and are buried 6 meters. The wall thickness will be increased to 5.9 mm if the burial depth reaches 8 meters and the rigidity conditions are difficult.
A plastic sewer pipe 50 mm is a product where the diameter is indicated. You will have to pay 94 rubles for the product. In this case, the wall thickness will be 3.2 mm. In this case, we are talking about hardness class SN 4. A plastic sewer pipe 110 mm will cost the consumer 200 rubles. The wall thickness remains the same. With an increase in diameter to 160 mm, the price increases to 579 rubles.
Plastic sewer pipes must be securely sealed and connected to each other. Ultimately, the master must obtain a complete design. For this, universal fittings are used, including:
A tee Y-fitting is used for connection at an angle of 45°C. If it is necessary to form a right angle, a T-Y fitting should be used. If you need to connect a pipe of a larger diameter with a thinner pipe, then a sleeve is put on the socket, which allows you to reduce the diameter.
To avoid blockages, experts recommend using any connections less frequently. Before connecting sewer plastic pipes, the structures should be cleaned; this is necessary when the pipe will be soldered to the socket. If uneven surfaces form on the inner wall, they will collect solids from the drain. When connecting with force, you can use a lubricant such as soap, glycerin or grease.
The dimensions of the plastic sewer pipes must be selected before you begin laying the system. Next you need to follow technology. At the first stage, the elements are adjusted, and the master needs to check the correspondence of the slopes and angles. You can make markings so as not to get confused in large quantities nodes
At the next stage, the elements are connected to each other. It is important to check that the product fits into the socket one third of the seat. However, you should not attach special effort. To ensure tightness, the connections are glued together with a special compound. After applying it, you can put on the fitting. To create a branched system, you can use tees or other distribution elements. After completing the work, it is important to check the tightness of the system within an hour. If no leak is detected, then the installation work was carried out successfully and efficiently.
Plastic sewer pipes, the prices for which were mentioned above, must be laid with a certain slope, which will ensure unhindered discharge of waste and wastewater.
If the slope is too great, then build-up will form on the inner walls, which over time will lead to the formation of blockages and traffic jams. If the slope is made smaller or not provided at all, then the wastewater will not leave the house on its own, and the system in this case will be inoperative. Plastic sewer pipes, the prices of which should interest you if you plan to use them when arranging the system, are used in conjunction with a metal drain pipe. It is required for ventilation and is installed at a height of four meters. Its diameter usually varies from 50 to 110 mm.
If we are talking about urban multi-storey buildings, where all floors are sewer riser, its diameter must match the outlet pipe from the toilet. This value is 110 mm. In this case, the pipe is routed to the roof, it is left open. It will communicate with the atmosphere and eliminate vacuum, which could lead to the appearance of unpleasant odors.
When assembling the riser, it is important to strengthen the neck of each pipe with a clamp. If a compensating pipe is installed, its fastening is carried out using the same technology. You should not assume that O-rings will suffice for plastic pipes. Over time, they will certainly become loose, and the joints may lose their tightness.
Installation of plastic sewer pipes is quite often carried out under highways. In this case, the system should be located at a depth of one meter or more. If it is no longer possible to deepen the system, then it must be pulled through a reinforced concrete box.
It is important not only to correctly lay the sewage system made of plastic pipes, but also to ensure operation in accordance with the rules. To clean sewer risers, steel wire is used, which is not suitable for plastic structures. This is due to the fact that the wire can scratch the inner walls of the products. Therefore, it is recommended to use a soft cable that is protected by a rubber tip.
