The roof is an important part of the house, without which it is impossible to do without. Most people give preference to practicality, completely forgetting about the external data of the house, its visual perception. Not everyone attaches special importance to the roof and its type, but in vain. Thanks to the roof, even a small one-story house can be significantly transformed, becoming more expressive and original.
Of course, it is clear that, first of all, the roof is a reliable protection, because it should protect the house from external factors and their influences. Chasing beauty, many forget about reliability, and subsequently suffer from problems that arise during the first snow or heavy rain. That is why you need to choose the best option that combines and visual appeal, and reliability.
Roof one-story house consists of load-bearing and enclosing parts connected to each other, because they not only interact, but also maintain the balance of the entire structure. The peculiarity is that mistakes made in one component will lead to violations of the second, which means that the design as a whole will suffer and will not be of high quality.
In most cases, it is customary to use pitched roofs for a one-story house; the angle of the slopes depends on many factors. Slopes can be affected by both the type of pitched roof and the roofing material. The load-bearing part of the structure is the roof frame, which includes wooden rafters. 
In addition to them, you can find a Mauerlat, which collects all the rafters at one point; the other side of the leg is connected to a beam intended for this. The rafter system must rest on the purlin, and special racks will evenly distribute the weight and make the load equal on all load-bearing walls. To ensure that the rafters do not move, braces and struts are used, as well as wire, which ensures reliable fixation.
If the house is entirely made of logs, then the wire will have to be replaced with metal brackets, which must be attached to the second log (counting from top to bottom). The rafters must be laid with a distance of 0.3-0.4 meters from the ceiling; this will provide easy access to the rafter system in case urgent repair work is required. 
The enclosing part begins from the moment when they begin laying waterproofing that protects the house, protecting it from moisture and rotting of the roof structure. Between the rafter legs and the Mauerlat you need to put two layers of roofing material, after which you can make wooden sheathing and roof the roof.
If the house is large and its width is more than 6 meters, then the construction of supporting walls will be required, because the roof will need additional support. With such dimensions of the house, a layered rafter system is used; if the building is small, then a hanging rafter laying system is used. 
If we take into account all roofs, they can be divided into two main categories: pitched and flat. In the case of a flat type of roof, everything is clear, because there are no special features here. It should be noted that one-story houses with a flat roof look very boring and unsightly, so its use is not recommended. The only option when a flat roof is better is to create additional space for equipping a swimming pool on the roof of the house.
Types of pitched roofs that can be used for one-story houses:
A pitched roof is cheap, simple and reliable, but not particularly attractive. In general, a pitched roof is a slope fixed to walls with different heights. This option has rather become obsolete, since in the construction of modern houses a pitched roof is practically not used. It is best used on outbuildings or garages.
The gable roof is an undying classic. This option is optimal for a one-story house. This type of roof combines practicality and reliability; it is easy to build and not particularly expensive. With the help of this roof you can already emphasize the exterior of the house, express its individuality, using different styles and roofing coverings.
A hipped roof of a hipped type consists of slopes in the form of a triangle, the vertices of which converge at one point. This option looks interesting and is quick and easy to build.
An alternative option is a hip roof, which is also a type of hip roof. The main difference is that during the construction of the roof, two triangular slopes (end ones) are used, and the two main ones are made in a trapezoidal shape. Building a hip roof is a little more difficult, but it will also be very attractive in appearance.
The mansard roof is a structure with broken slopes, which is constantly gaining popularity. Thanks to such a roof, it is not necessary to create a second floor, because the attic can be actively used as a residential attic.
A combined or multi-gable roof is an expensive and difficult option to implement. Such roofs are mainly used for large cottages or houses with several floors, so the use of these types of roofs will not be entirely logical when building a small one-story house. These roofs are the most beautiful in appearance, however, only professionals can build them, and the cost will be very high. 
Before you start building a house and roof, you need to develop a project, think through all the details in it and pay attention Special attention every little thing. At the stage of project formation, you need to choose the type of roof, resolve design issues, and also choose the material that will be used for the construction of the roof and its roof.
The end result should be successfully combined, harmonized, creating a single picture that suits both externally and functionally. When choosing materials, you need to focus not only on their external data, but also on functionality, especially installation. The roofing material should not only be attractive, but also reliable, because you need to live in this house.
You can carry out the work yourself, but you can hire professionals who guarantee the quality of work and reliability of the design. It will cost more, but the result will probably be good, which is very important when building a house. 
Installation of the roof is the final stage of construction. There are about a dozen main and more than a hundred other subtypes of roofs. The configuration of the house often limits the owner's choices. However, if possible, then it is worth paying attention to the issue of visual design of the roof. Not regular roof can decorate a country house, cottage or cottage. In order to draw up a project for a supporting structure, it is necessary to involve professionals in the field of construction and design, as well as experienced workers who can cope with a task of any complexity. All decisions must be rational. You need to stay within the budget, take into account climatic features, think about the role of the attic space, and take care of reliability and appearance. For a roof, such characteristics as tightness, strength, stability and functionality are important.
Before making a choice among the variety of materials and forms, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the nuances of the structure of roofs and their functional features. Among the main criteria that form the classification of roofs are the type and general design of the structure, slope, and finishing materials. The roof can be attic or non-attic, flat or pitched. Flat roofs are not very diverse, but the second type is divided into many subtypes, such as conical, domed, hipped, mansard, multi-gable, hip, gable and single-pitch. The purpose, advantages and disadvantages of each of them need to be studied in detail. First of all, durability, cost and performance characteristics are taken into account. Every year around the world they build a large number of houses with beautiful designer roofs, so it’s worth using your imagination in the design process.
When developing a roofing scheme for a building with complex geometry, it is necessary to identify the main and adjacent parts of the roof.
The roof of a private house with one slope looks very simple in appearance. This type of design is rarely used, but can be seen on simple country houses. The disadvantage of this layout is the one-sided type of drainage - it bears a much greater load than double-sided or other types. The appearance of a roof with a one-way slope is not the most presentable. This design can be considered the optimal solution when arranging various small extensions. This is how garages and guest houses are finished. Those wishing to install such a roof should think about a water drainage system. The main criterion is its throughput. This design copes very well with snow masses. A pitched roof is appropriate in cold climates, as well as in regions where there is not a lot of rainfall.
This type of roof may have:
The gable roof structure consists of load-bearing beams and roofing material attached to the sheathing. The rafter system is usually made of beams connected by metal parts. The upper part of the roof is formed by a ridge. It is located exactly in the middle or closer to some edge. One of the subtypes of a gable roof is multi-inclined (the angles of inclination on both sides are not the same). The design of such a roof looks original, but the design has a significant disadvantage - the attic space is used irrationally. A sloping roof not only eliminates this problem, but is also built specifically for an attic space. The folds of the slopes create additional volume for the attic. Aesthetics is another advantage of a broken gable roof. The symmetrical design follows the shape of an isosceles triangle.
This type of roof does not directly apply to gable roofs, since it can also be cantilevered or broken. main feature- dividing the slope into flat (upper) and steep parts (located below). Regular gable mansard roof has rectangular rafters lying parallel. The steep part of the slope copes well with snow loads. A mansard roof can also be classified as broken. Characteristic the latter - a presentable appearance. Bends are made outward or inward. They are often combined to create a roof unusual shape with many internal and external fractures. The cantilever mansard roof combines the features of a gable and sloping roof. Its parts can protrude several meters beyond the walls of the building, creating a lot of space inside. There are also mixed attic structures. This type includes the characteristics of the three previous ones and additional features.
Another common type of roofing. The hip roof is composed of four slopes. The end ones (they are called hips) have a triangular appearance. They occupy the space from the end of the ridge to the cornice. The other two slopes have the shape of a trapezoid. Practicality is ensured by the peculiarity of the structure. First of all, this concerns the removal of sediments. But the implementation technology is much more complicated. You will need a team to build it. experienced builders. One of the disadvantages is that there will be no gables at the attic level, and more dormer windows will need to be made to improve lighting. This will add complexity to the design process, including calculating the pitch of the rafter system. Although this design copes well with downpours, it is often used in dry tropical areas.
A hip roof is useful if you need to finish:
This type of roof includes the features of a classic gable and hip roof. The design has no sharp corners, and one of its main functions is protection from strong winds. In regions with snowy winters, such roofs are made with small overhangs and steeper slopes. If there is no heavy snowfall at the location of the house, then the canopies should be large and the slopes should be relatively flat. A typical hipped semi-hipped roof has a cut end slope. The free space is covered with a window (including a solid one) or a wall. However, a half-hip roof can combine elements of a gable roof. There are still four surface elements in this case. Unlike the previous option, the side slopes are devoid of the lower part, and the front ones have an appearance vaguely reminiscent of a trapezoid, but with six corners. With this design you will get a larger attic.
This is a hipped roof consisting of identical triangular sections. They must be isosceles. The slopes connect exactly in the center. Due to its strict geometry, this coating is not suitable for all homes. The name comes from the word “tent” - a rectangular mobile dwelling. A hipped roof is also called a pyramidal roof. It can be installed on houses with a base in the form of a square or regular quadrilateral(not in all cases). The overhangs of such a roof are at the same height. Despite its simple appearance, the installation of this type of roofing is technically complex. The advantages of a hip roof are its ability to quickly warm up and its resistance to strong winds. The main disadvantage is the presence of many connections in the rafter structure, which makes the construction process more complex and time-consuming.
Other cons:
It is characterized by great variability in execution, based on the number, shape, location and size of pediments (tongs). Its sunken corners require very careful, careful and precise finishing. On a multi-gable roof there are a large number of valleys at the junctions of the slopes. It is erected on sites with complex layouts, unusual architectural forms, two-tier attic compartments and attics. Precipitation and melt water will flow down the valleys. Snow usually accumulates there, so they should be made durable and as airtight as possible. Increasing the load-bearing capacity can transform valleys from the most vulnerable elements of a roof structure to the most functional. One of the main advantages of a multi-gable roof is the balance of the rafter system. The main problem is the complexity of its installation.
This is the name for a roof that is round, hemispherical or cylindrical in shape. The vault is usually made of stone or brick. Special rafter systems will be required, since the standard ones will be unsuitable for finishing a curved vault. Both curved metal forms and rounded wooden frames made of laminated veneer lumber are used as the material for supporting structures. Special ordering required. Strength should be the main quality of cylindrical beams. Sometimes lattice trusses with a complex pattern are used. This will be reflected in the final price. Design and installation cost much more than for roofs with rectilinear shapes. For this reason, the cylindrical roof did not receive wide application. For finishing, roll materials made of polymer bitumen and seam metal coating are purchased; In some cases, flexible tiles are suitable.
Although the installation of a vaulted roof itself is much more expensive, the material consumption may be low.
The roof is made of four diamond-shaped slopes, brought together at one point in the center. Suitable for square shaped buildings. The diamond-shaped roof is mounted on small dachas, country houses. If desired, you can make a large high attic. Diamond roofing can most often be seen on one-story buildings. The most common subtype of diamond roofing is the Sudeikin roof. Its design consists of four triangular slopes (hips) in the upper half and the same number of adjacent triangular slopes, pointing downwards. Such a building will have four gables. A special structure of beams in the form of an octagonal dome is used as a rafter system. The classic diamond-shaped roof of G. Sudeikin provides for the presence of a central load-bearing pillar. However, you can install the roof without it.
For subsequent placement of decorative elements (original dormers and chimneys, unusual gables), roofs with a large slope, almost vertical in some places, are installed. This configuration can be used to arrange a full floor with a variety of design solutions. A slight slope provides better protection from the wind, since the contact area will be larger. However, this does not apply to roofs with very low slopes. Rainwater and snow drain from a low roof more slowly, which can lead to leaks. Coverings with a slight slope require more careful maintenance. There is no need to clean slopes with an angle of 45° or higher. A roof with a large slope (from 45°) is considered “self-cleaning”. A relatively flat roof is the most economical option, but space in the attic will be limited. This problem can be solved by increasing the height of the walls last floor at the design stage.
The roof includes different elements. All types of roofs consist of slopes - surfaces that have a certain slope. These are several independent components that are closely adjacent to each other, less often - one. A ridge is the upper line parallel to the horizon where several slopes connect. Ridge tiles and ridge strips may have the same name. Many roofs have an element called a valley. This internal corner at the junction of two slopes. The endova is the main unit in the roof structure. There are two types of overhangs. Cornice - located on the side of the roof surface protruding beyond the walls of the building; pediment - part of the roof overhanging the gable (pediment) of the building. Both options can have a strict linear form or be performed in an original manner. The basis for the construction of the roof is the rafter system - a supporting structure made of rafters, struts, posts and crossbars.
Rafter structures are arranged in different ways. The lean-to configuration provides for the presence of two rows of posts or walls as support for the rafter legs. One wall should be higher. The gable design performs load-bearing function on roofs consisting of two rectangular pitched surfaces. In the vast majority of cases, the legs of such a system rest against two identical supporting walls of the house box. Hip ones are designed for four pitched surfaces. The rafters create two trapezoidal and the same number of triangular bases. They rely on long and end walls respectively. The tent rafter system is supported by identical walls. Broken (attic) rafter structures are installed in a similar way as in the case of gable systems, but the rafter legs are placed in two tiers.
The rafter system may include the following elements:
This design has strong support under the lower and upper heels. Manufacturing and installation occurs in a similar way as in the case of a pitched roof. Layer systems are erected over boxes with an internal supporting wall. It is necessary as a supporting structure for the ridge girder. The wall function can be performed by rows of columns or racks. In a simple layered structure with a five-meter span, the tops of the rafters rest on the purlin. The bench plays the role of support for the run itself. The strength of the structure is ensured by struts. Systems with large spans are equipped with additional runs and contractions. The latter ensure the stability of the structure. An inclined system can use one of two types of support. With one of them, rotation is possible and there are two degrees of freedom. The second option provides only one degree of freedom.
This type of structure has only a lower support. The tops support each other. The frame elements are made in the form of a triangle, which eliminates the need for a Mauerlat. Its role is played by the tightening (base). It is used to compensate for the thrust on the roof from the weight of the system, coating and snow that will be on it. Hanging configuration is applicable for small boxes without load-bearing element under the ridge run. If you need to finish a large span, the structure is equipped with ties, struts and headstocks. The use of two additional supports makes it possible to cover a distance of up to 15 meters. Hanging system rafters avoid horizontal loads. They create tension that is not transferred to the walls of the building. The tops of the rafters can be fixed end-to-end or laid on a purlin.
Flat roofs are covered with multilayer roll materials, bitumen. If the slope is more than 5°, then three-layer roll materials that do not have protection can be used for finishing. It is recommended to apply bitumen waterproofing with a coarse layer if the slope is more than 10°. When the slope is more than 15°, wave-shaped roofing sheets are installed. The materials used can be bitulin, ondulin, euroslate, asbestos-cement slate. Grooved clay tiles are used with a slope of 20°. Galvanized steel, copper, metal tiles, metal profiles and sheet steel are laid at an inclination angle of more than 30°. Seam steel is used with a slope of 18° to 25°, sometimes from 8°. Slate and asbestos cement tiles, as well as natural tile coverings, are appropriate if the roof is steep (from 50°). When finishing roofs inclined at an angle of 80°, wood chips and shingles are used.
Attics can differ significantly in configuration. One of the fundamental features of the attic roof is the presence of outward bends, but there are also internal breaks. A broken roof can be seen on small buildings. This is a complicated version of a gable roof with a decorative purpose. A pitched mansard roof should ideally be inclined at an angle of 40°. The ramp is made on the leeward side of the building. Attics under a simple symmetrical roof usually have a fairly large “dead” zone near the junctions of the roof and walls. The recommended roof angle is 45°. A good solution is to create attic floor with asymmetrical slopes. Tall objects can be placed there. The main problem is the complexity of design calculations. Hipped mansard roofs must be made with a large angle of inclination. In the center of the attic space there will be plenty of storage space for tall, bulky items.
In regions where hurricane winds occur, it is better to place a pitched roof on the windward side, and strengthen the supporting structure with diagonal ties.
The choice of material for waterproofing depends on climatic conditions. The most commonly used is roofing felt. This is a very strong material. Its advantage is its long service life. Lately it has become popular use waterproofing film to protect roof layers from water with the possibility of its evaporation. Thermal insulation is carried out by internal finishing of the space between the legs of the rafter structure. This is done before the final finishing of the room. As insulating material choose fiberglass, glass or mineral wool. Glass wool is produced in the form of slabs and rolls. It is recommended to choose slabs. They are more durable, as they deform less, and their thermal insulation properties are approximately the same. In addition, foam sheets can be used to insulate the roof.
Parameters of insulation materials:
Over the last 15-20 years, flat roofs have become popular. This implementation allows you to shift the emphasis to the main part of the building. Houses with a flat roof can have unusual and geometrically complex shapes like modern styles, such as minimalism, biotech, hi-tech and avant-garde. Pitched roofing is more varied. Sloping roofs are appropriate in all kinds of design projects buildings. A pitched roof looks beautiful transparent walls. A multi-gable roof can be designed in a unique French style or in the manner of traditional Russian architecture. The color scheme is selected depending on the color of the building itself. The roof is made darker, so the choice of shades is often limited to dark, cold and mixed tones. The roof of the original shape looks best in blue, bluish, black and gray colors.
The roof installation process begins with design. At this stage, various parameters are calculated and all wishes are taken into account. Much depends on the frame structure. Optimal placement and size skylights determined before the start of its construction. After installing the rafter system, the main part of the work begins. The structure will be coated with a coating corresponding to its configuration. Roofing must be done using durable and durable materials. The main criteria for their selection are such indicators as the slope of the slopes, the windiness of the area, the amount and type of precipitation in the region. Over the past few decades, many high-quality functional finishing materials have appeared. After completing the external arrangement of the roof, you should start choosing insulation, hydro- and vapor barrier.
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The roof is the most important element of a country house. Modern construction involves the use of a variety of types of roofs. They are the ones who determine the appearance of a country house.
In addition to the original design, the roof must be reliable. Its functions include protecting the house from rain, snow and hot sun. The presence of a reliable roof will allow you to say about comfortable living in the house. Our article will tell you how to compose. But first you need to get acquainted with the shapes of roofs and their functionality. Today you can find a wide variety of roofs, which we will consider.
Types of roofs:
However, a serious drawback is the lack of design value. In other words, they do not add new features to the overall design of the house. Everything that is located on a flat roof can be seen only at the same level with it or slightly higher. Thus, in our country, flat roof shapes are not so popular. This is due precisely to the reasons described above.
Attention: The slope of a pitched roof usually exceeds 10 degrees. This is perhaps the main difference from a flat roof.
Flaws:
Attention: The more elements a roof has, the more complex it is. This means that it is less reliable.
Valleys, gutters and “aprons” are snow collectors. This increases the likelihood of roof damage.
Only high-quality materials will help increase the reliability of complex combined roofs. Moreover, they should be, if not branded, then at least well-known companies. It is important to properly arrange the rafter system, waterproofing and thermal insulation of the roof. But remember that this will automatically be included in the total cost of the roof.
An important point is the lighting of attic and attic spaces under the roof. Wiring on the roof of a private house is carried out in two versions: open and closed. Closed option Recommended for use in attic spaces. The attic can be equipped differently, since aesthetic requirements do not play a role here.
We hope that our article will help you understand the types of roofs. By additionally familiarizing yourself with photo and video materials on this topic, you will be able to make a choice in favor of one option or another.
A simple gable roof or a complex combined roof is not so important. Architectural nuances also fade into the background - the main thing is that the roof retains the warmth and comfort of a country house.
As you know, there is no house without a roof. It is the shape of the roof and its covering that gives the building a complete image, crowns it, and decorates it. The main purpose of the roof is to protect the building from rain, hail, snow, and solar radiation. Therefore, the roof of a house should not only be beautiful, but also, first of all, a durable, reliable and practical structure.
When erecting any structure, even the simplest one, you must know and strictly follow certain construction rules. Thus, all standards relating to the design and construction of the roof are prescribed in the document “SP 17.13330.2011”, which is the current updated version of another document “SNiP II-26-76”. The requirements contained in these rules apply throughout the entire territory of our country and apply to the construction of roofs from all types of buildings in a variety of purposes. possible compositions. The document contains a list of permitted roofing materials and requirements for them.
The possibility of using other compositions for roofing must be confirmed in accordance with the procedure established by law.
These requirements must be strictly followed not only during the construction of a new house, but also during reconstruction or major repairs of the roofs of buildings with roofing made from these materials. In addition to complying with construction standards, it is necessary that all materials used, literally down to every nail, comply with GOST. Only in this case will the constructed roof be reliable and living in the house safe.
The roof is the final link of the roof, its finishing coat, performing protective and aesthetic functions. The roof must be moisture-proof, lightweight, durable, inexpensive to maintain, and meet fire safety requirements.
When choosing a roof covering, factors such as:
How the roof of the building will look externally is determined before all work begins.
All types of roofs can be combined into two groups, taking into account the magnitude of the slope and the number of side planes called slopes:
A flat roof is a rectangular, level area with a slope of no more than three degrees. This type of roof in modern housing construction is used only when it is planned to be used additionally. For example, equip a recreation area, a swimming pool, a helipad. In small private houses, the use of this form is impractical, since stagnation of rain and melt water can occur on it, and there is no need to talk about its great reliability and durability.
Undoubtedly, pitched roofs are more practical, although they are more expensive and difficult to build. The advantages include the fact that main enemy roofing - water easily flows down the roof slopes without stopping and causing harm.
Depending on the design features of the roofing system, pitched roofs can have either an attic or an attic. An attic is a room located directly under the roof and suitable for habitation. The attic differs from the second floor in having low walls (no more than 1.5 m). Existing varieties pitched roofs are divided into types depending on the design features.
Pitched roofs are as follows:
The most inexpensive and easy to construct single-pitch structure. Such roofs are found on sheds, garages and other outbuildings. A pitched roof has a flat roof supported by walls of varying heights. It is due to the different heights of the support that the slope is obtained. The disadvantage of this design is the absence of at least some attic space, and the appearance of such a roof is not pleasing to the eye.
The form of a gable roof has come to us since time immemorial and is perhaps the most common and familiar roof for a one-story house, especially in rural areas. There is only one explanation for this – practicality. The slopes can be located both symmetrically and at different angles of inclination, be equal in length and not quite. This roof shape makes it easy to create an attic or attic underneath.
The structure has two slopes, united at the end sides by pediments, and on top by a “ridge” that strengthens and protects the roof seam formed at the junction of the slopes.
Pediments are mandatory and very important elements of a gable roof. They cover the space between the slopes, thereby protecting the attic from exposure to wind and precipitation. The roof slopes rest on the gables, due to which the load on the walls of the building is redistributed. Finally, due to its location, the pediment can be an attic wall.
The hip roof is made from a gable structure by replacing the pediments with two more triangle-shaped slopes. The slopes in this case are called hips, hence the name of the entire roof. At the top of one of the hips there is a hatch called a dormer window. In essence, a hip roof is a hipped structure, difficult to construct, but very resistant to natural disasters, such as hurricane winds or heavy rain.
If the pediments of a gable roof are given a trapezoidal shape, and the upper part of the pediment is covered with a small triangular slope, or, conversely, the lower part is covered with a slope, and the top of the pediment is made triangular, then you will get a half-hip roof. From a design point of view, a building with such a roof takes on an interesting appearance.
The hipped roof is also a type of hip roof. There can be three or more sectors (hips) depending on the shape of the support. The ridge is missing, and the hips meet at the corners at one point with amazingly perfect precision, forming a tent over the building. Buildings with complex, polygonal shapes are covered with a multi-gable roof.
Designing such a roof is complex, but nevertheless makes it possible to create structures that are unique in appearance.
Broken roof type is often called mansard roof. This is a cost-effective design, as it allows you to organize additional living space.
Dome and conical roof shapes are rare in the construction of private residential premises in our time.
The use of this form implies a round-shaped structure under the roof. Often such roofs cover not the entire building, but its individual parts. For example, an oval-shaped terrace or some decorative elements: towers, rotundas. Combined roofs have the most complex design. Essentially, they are combinations of different types of roofs, which gives a lot of scope for design ideas
All coverage options IN private residential buildings are used the following types roofing materials:
Roll coatings include the well-known roofing felt and roofing felt. These coatings are made from polymer and bitumen materials. Layers of cardboard, fiberglass or polyester are used as a reinforcing base. This coating can be used for roofing on both flat and pitched roofs.
A special feature of the application is the continuous lathing of wooden rafters. Glue plywood panels can be used as a continuous flooring, with the sheathing turned upside down. The roof angle should be 10–30 degrees. The roofing material is attached to the deck using a hot method: the roll is heated and rolled out onto the roof with a roller. For reliability, the material is laid in several layers. Moreover, if a flat roof with a wooden ceiling is covered, then for fire safety purposes the first layer is nailed, and the next one is already fused.
Repairing such a roof is simple: the old covering is cleaned of dirt and a new layer is laid on top.
Rolled materials also include such modern roofing coverings as bitumen shingles. This is fiberglass with bitumen impregnation. One of its sides has an adhesive surface, and on the other side, the canvas is covered with multi-colored mineral chips. The cloth bends easily, so it can easily, without special effort, take the shape of the surface. Due to these properties, bitumen shingles are increasingly used for roofing on non-standard roofs.
Roll coatings have their advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages include the following:
The main disadvantages are that:
Mastic roofing is used only on flat roofs due to the fact that it is a self-leveling material. It is easy to install. Several layers of mastic are applied to a previously prepared, dried base, covered, for example, with fiberglass. It is used in the construction of large residential and industrial buildings.
The disadvantage is the difficulty of obtaining a coating of uniform thickness.
Mastic roofs come in three types:
The advantages of mastic roofing are as follows:
Membrane roofs are made from a film made from a special polymer. Apply membrane coatings mostly on flat roofs. Film sheets, called membranes, are laid out on the surface overlapping and secured to each other by exposure to hot air or using special tape. Membranes are attached to the roof surface with nails, screws or glue.
This roof has high strength. It is quickly and easily installed. But, the rather expensive material quickly fades when exposed to sunlight.
Perhaps the most common were and remain roofs made of sheet materials. Steel, slate, ondulin, corrugated sheets, metal tiles, asbestos plywood are attached to a wooden sheathing with self-tapping screws or nails. Steel roofing does not burn and will last up to 30 years. The slope angle should be 18–30 degrees.
Slate also does not burn, withstands low temperatures well, does not heat up under the influence of sunlight, and does not transmit electric current. The slope angle should be 8–20 degrees.
Ondulin is cardboard-bitumen sheets. It is produced by impregnating organic fibers with bitumen. The process takes place at high values of state parameters such as pressure and temperature. Since the material contains no asbestos compounds, ondulin is considered one of the most environmentally friendly roofing coatings.
Corrugated sheets are metal sheets coated with a layer of zinc or paint. Quite durable and practical material. When used, additional sound insulation is required.
There are three brands of corrugated sheets.
At the same time, profiled sheets of grades H and HC are more suitable for roofing work. Grade C material is used only on small buildings with a roof slope of 60 degrees. When purchasing a profiled sheet, pay attention to the thickness, height and type of profile, as well as its protective coating.
Metal tiles are galvanized sheets, similar to slate, coated with polymer. It is inexpensive, lightweight, easy to install, fire-resistant, and not afraid of heat changes. But, at the same time, it has poor sound insulation, heats up under the influence of sunlight, and is susceptible to corrosion. If improperly transported, it will crack easily.
Asbestos plywood is as easy to install as all sheet materials. It practically does not burn, but it will not last long, because it can become damp. To enhance water resistance, the asbestos plywood coating will have to be periodically painted.
Perhaps all the shortcomings of sheet coverings are taken into account in the new, modern material– composite tiles. This is a sheet roofing consisting of sheets of steel coated on both sides with an aluminum alloy. This is followed by layers of aluminum primer, stone granules and acrylic glaze. The material does not know what corrosion is, does not transmit heat and sound, does not change color under the influence of solar radiation, does not transmit or absorb moisture. It is secured with forged nails.
Composite tiles can last half a century, but during the construction of the roof it will be necessary to provide a vapor barrier, since composite tiles do not allow steam to pass through. The second disadvantage is that the material is expensive.
To typesetting or piece roofing include such coatings as natural, polymer-sand, cement-sand, ceramic tiles. Beautiful in appearance, with all possible advantages, and having a service life of almost a century, tiles are not the most common roofing material. Tile roofing has a very high cost and no less heavy weight. Therefore, it is used in the construction of only elite buildings and requires a reinforced rafter system and high-quality sheathing.
Choosing the right color for the roof of a house is very difficult.
The following factors must be taken into account:
The most common roof colors are:
Their prevalence is explained by the fact that these colors combine well with facades of various types and color schemes. When choosing a roof color, you need to understand that dark colors absorb solar radiation, so a dark roof will heat up in the summer heat.
For this reason, dark roofs are more often used in northern regions. While in the southern regions, light roofing materials are used more. Bright colors on roofing look very impressive, but quickly fade and are used only for buildings built without architectural refinements.
When choosing a color scheme for the roof, you must remember that shades of the same spectrum are always a win-win combination. For example, if the facade is painted in warm colors, then the roof is also made warm color. Cool colors are combined with cool shades. A classic is considered to be the combination of natural shades with beige and brown colors, as well as ocher.
A gray roof needs an interesting façade, otherwise the house will look boring.
The modern construction market offers a huge selection of coatings for roofing work from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. Most famous brands roofing coverings that are in demand and have proven themselves in the modern construction market can be classified by country of origin.
Chinese roofing coatings are not far behind in the variety of types, types and colors.
The most popular are Chinese metal tiles made of galvanized cold-rolled steel. The material is durable, does not burn, does not deform. Can last up to 100 years.
To get a beautiful, high-quality roof, you need to use the right fasteners - screws, self-tapping screws, screws. You also need to have at least a minimum set of tools for roofing work.
To install the roof you will need the following tools:
Since roofing work does not require special equipment, it can be done independently.
Roofing work can be divided into three stages, namely:
At the design stage, the shape of the roof and the steepness of the slopes are determined.
The deciding factors will be:
The rafter system is the most important part of the roof and is a system of inclined slats, called rafter legs, vertically located racks and inclined struts. Rafters ensure the stability of the roof, give reliability to the roof, and redistribute the load across the entire building. The location of the rafter system elements is directly related to the shape of the roof. A gable roof will have one rafter system, and a hip roof will have another.
At self-construction roofing, you need to remember that even the smallest deviation from the rafter installation technology can result in a roof collapse.
After truss structure ready, begin to install the roofing pie, which is a multi-layer structure located directly under the roofing material. The roofing pie serves to protect the roof from moisture penetration, heat loss, and prevents condensation from forming.
It consists of the following elements:
To properly install the roofing pie, you must follow a certain algorithm of actions.
To learn how to install the roof, see the following video.
General rules works with roofing materials are presented as follows:
By following the instructions and safety requirements supplied with the material, you can create a beautiful, high-quality and durable roof with your own hands.
When examining any building, a person first of all pays attention to its roof, or rather, to its visible part - the roof. The roof of a house and its appearance always remain a source of pride for its owner.
A properly selected roof can decorate even the most inconspicuous building.
There are many options for installing an asymmetric roof:
A gable roof combines well with a hip roof:
The right color combinations of façade and roof finishing allow you to make your house extraordinary, memorable, and unlike others:
For any home, the roof plays an important role - it is the main protection against the effects of high and low temperatures, ultraviolet radiation and precipitation. High-quality execution of the main task will be ensured by competent design, including the choice of design and materials depending on climatic conditions and the general style of the building. Naturally, every homeowner wants to receive from the roof not only significant practical benefits, but also an aesthetically pleasing completion of the facade design, complementing it and adding individuality to its appearance.
This type of roofing can hardly be called traditional, but recently it has enjoyed stunning success. First of all, such popularity is due to the emergence of such stylistic directions, like modernism, minimalism and hi-tech. Currents are famous for their adherence to clear, straight lines. Such roofs also owe their popularity to new high-quality materials that can guarantee high levels of protection from water and heat retention.
A flat coating will complete the laconic design and will look strict and impressive, but in addition to this obvious advantage, several others can be highlighted:
— Appears effective area for organizing a sports ground, winter garden, or recreation area equipped with a barbecue, light furniture, pergola or other canopy;
— The space is also used for technological devices: an air conditioner, a water collection system, an antenna and even a solar panel;
— A flat roof is easier to care for, and maintenance of all devices and objects located on it is simplified;
— Laying this roof takes less time and effort than other analogues.
The attic top will not only complement and decorate the architectural design of the house, but will also add square meters to the living area. This is a very convenient solution, because such construction is cheaper and easier to build one more floor. At the same time, the allocated space can be safely used to create a wonderful, cozy bedroom or living room.
If you're standing on the threshold overhaul roof, which includes complete replacement materials, be sure to take advantage of the opportunity, as the costs will compensate themselves in full:
- You get additional thermal insulation - the living space will retain heat much better than an empty attic or an ordinary roof. At the same time, care should be taken to ensure proper ventilation to avoid excessive moisture accumulation;
— Modern furniture is mobile and laconic enough to use the resulting meters as rationally as possible. In general, to decorate an attic interior, turn to styles such as Scandinavian, minimalism or rustic - within these trends you will find many variations for arranging a comfortable and functional room;
— Extensive window openings will provide the room with abundant daylight.
In front of everyone undeniable advantages, the attic roof requires special attention to be paid to the condition load-bearing walls, since they are not always able to withstand such a load.
The design of a pitched roof is a plane resting on walls of different heights. The difference in the length of the load-bearing walls actually determines the level of inclination of the slope.
The smooth planes represent a distinctive modern aesthetic that adds character and rigor to the entire building with its clear forms. On the other hand, if the project turns out to have a fairly extensive roof, you should immediately take into account that for effective precipitation removal a fairly sharp angle of inclination is necessary. Also, during the installation process, difficulties may arise with providing thermal insulation.
Among the main advantages of a pitched roof, the following positions should be identified:
- The roof will create original space for design delights on the ceiling inside the building;
- The small weight allows you to choose this type of roof for a house without a foundation or with its lightweight variations - screw or columnar;
— Carrying out repair work does not involve any particular difficulties, since it is safe to be at the top of the structure;
— Installation does not require high financial costs, complex calculations and high professional skills from the builder.
This option is familiar to everyone, and it is the one that young children often depict in their drawings. Structurally, a gable roof consists of equal-sized slopes that rest on the walls and meet each other in the middle.
Symmetry gives rise to the classic geometry of lines and the harmony of combining practicality with visual appeal. The space under the covering forms an attic, where it is convenient to store things and install a ventilation system. The gable roof structure provides a natural system for draining snow and water. Build such protection from weather conditions inexpensive and quite easy.
As for the negative aspects of the project, the degree of roof slope will depend on the choice building material. The angle can be at least 22 degrees if you choose slate or tiles; the metal version of the roof requires about 14 degrees, and the corrugated sheet requires 12 degrees.
An effective modification of a gable roof is multi-level, creating broken straight lines. It can add originality to the architecture of the house, but also requires accurate calculations and a professional approach.
A hip roof is, in essence, hipped roof, on which the fronts are replaced by triangular slopes (hips). This device makes the structure very resistant to strong winds and heavy rainfall, and, importantly, adds originality to the architectural design.
The rigidity of the structure allows it to practically not change over time, and also to create overhangs on each side, which additionally protect from adverse weather conditions. There are also varieties of hip roofs - half-hip and hipped. The slopes of the latter are connected at one point; it is perfect for square and rectangular buildings.
Some difficulties you may encounter:
— The complexity of the roof requires painstaking calculations and measurements, long and difficult installation;
— High price;
— Attic space– small, and therefore not always suitable for creating an attic;
— If there is an attic space, its windows will directly interact with precipitation, which can lead to moisture leaking inside. This nuisance can be mitigated by covering the openings before the rain, but this is not always convenient.
It is constructed in the form of a set of polygons combining several gable parts. This results in a non-trivial and attractive roof. In its design and execution, the roof is quite complex.
The building for the installation of this top must have a multi-level or square shape. A multi-gable roof completes the houses with an intricate layout, including the presence of an attic.
The main advantages include the following properties:
— Strength and durability. The rafter system is perfectly balanced, allowing it to withstand heavy loads;
— Possibility to organize free space or attic;
— Pleasant and interesting appearance along with practicality. Sharp slopes minimize impact external environment, water and snow do not stagnate on the roof surface.
In general, the disadvantages are that construction will require serious professional experience, special attention to detail, as well as serious financial costs for materials.
After selecting a suitable design for your future roof, you need to decide on the materials that will form its basis. Among the wide selection provided by the modern construction market, we have collected the most popular of them:
Ceramic tiles. The material has proven itself to be the best in any climatic conditions. The roof for a private house made of tiles has a beautiful shape and texture, is reliable during use, does not require frequent maintenance and is incredibly durable. If the installation of the roof was done efficiently, then the service life can be more than a hundred years.
Porous clay reduces thermal conductivity, but this very property can lead to the absorption of water, which will destroy it when it freezes. To avoid such troubles, cover the ceramic roof with glaze, so the quality indicators will not decrease even in the most severe climatic conditions.
Metal tiles- this is one of the most modern options for roof cladding with a slope of 12-15 degrees. A beautiful imitation of a clay analogue is reliable and wear-resistant, is not afraid of snow or sunlight, and therefore is incredibly popular.
Metal sheeting also a fairly common material for roofing work. A rich color palette will give the exterior of your home an elegant and attractive appearance. Qualitative characteristics, functionality, as well as low prices allow the material to be used for a variety of finishing works: wall cladding, production of fences and gates. Thus, there is a good opportunity to implement a single architectural concept.
Bituminous slate, also known as ondulin, is made from cellulose fibers and impregnated with bitumen, resins, pigments and mineral additives. Ondulin is environmentally friendly, inexpensive, practically does not absorb moisture, and is resistant to alkalis and acids. In addition, the material has high sound insulation, has a wide range of color variations and is easy to install, and can also be used on curved surfaces.
At the same time, the bitumen coating fades in the sun and is characterized by an increased fire hazard. Summer heat and winter frost cause difficulties when moving on the roof. But it is fair to note that many of the highest quality modifications smooth out or even completely eliminate these shortcomings.
And finally, let's highlight sheets of tempered glass or double glazing for the manufacture of a separate part of the roof. For example, a canopy over a veranda, greenhouse, or even a kitchen or living room. The idea is certainly interesting, since the coating will become a real highlight and decorate both the exterior of the house and, of course, the space under the roof. Glass withstands high loads from moisture, snow and wind.
