Mandarin came to Europe only 170 years ago thanks to the Italian Michel Tecor. The fruit owes its name to the Chinese. Only rich dignitaries of China - tangerines - could eat them.
Dwarf tangerines and tangerines are suitable for indoor plants. low-growing varieties. Let's consider the types, varieties of tangerines, their varieties and determine the main characteristics and features.
Not tall tree with a rounded crown without thorns. Can be grown both in open ground and as indoor plant. In a pot it grows up to 2 m tall and has dark green dense leaves of an oblong shape. The plant blooms in spring with white fragrant flowers, slightly smaller than lemon. Pollination is not necessary to produce fruit. Fruits grow weighing up to 70 g, almost without seeds. The harvest takes place in November. The tree bears fruit from the age of three.
Important! When growing tangerines at home, you need to constantly monitor air humidity. To do this, place a bowl of water next to the plant, and spray the crown daily. Great importance has sufficient lighting for normal growth. Therefore, in autumn and winter trees need artificial lighting. In summer, the plant feels better outdoors.
This group includes the varieties Miho-Wase, Miagawa-Wase, Okotsu-Wase, Novano-Wase, Kowano-Wase.
The variety is considered the ancestor of Japanese dwarf varieties of tangerines. It was imported from Japan in 1930. This is an evergreen low-growing tree that grows no more than 40-50 cm in indoor conditions. It has a compact crown with abundant thornless foliage that does not require shaping. The bark is rough and brown in color. The shoots are light green at first, and then become brown tint. The leaves are green, broadly lanceolate. The flowers are white, have five petals and can be found singly or in small clusters. In size they are large, up to 4.3 cm in diameter. The pistil looks out from the stamens fused at the base. Pollen is sterile. 
The fruits are bright orange color They have a rounded-flattened shape and ripen in early October and have a sweet and sour taste. The pulp is divided into 9-13 segments, contains 30.3 mg of vitamin C per 100 g of product and does not contain seeds. The peel is smooth, brittle, 0.3 cm thick, and separates easily from the pulp. The tree bears fruit in the first or second year of life and is characterized by high productivity. The frost resistance of the variety is high. The plant is propagated by grafting and air layering.
The variety was bred in 1923 by Dr. Chiuseburu Tanaka. The tree is the tallest of all Wase varieties in height and is highly productive. It is the most common and well-known of the Wase varieties. Tangerine fruits are relatively large in size, seedless, and have thin, smooth skin. The pulp is juicy and of excellent quality. The variety is classified as early in maturity. Fruit ripening occurs at the end of September. The fruits are well preserved.
The plant is a hybrid of tangerine and king orange from the orange subspecies. It was created in 1902 by the French priest and breeder Clément Rodier (1839–1904). Mostly Clementine trees are tall, but sometimes they are used for growing at home and in indoor greenhouses. Let's look at the main varieties.
An early variety that resulted from a mutation of Clementina Oroval and is ideal for growing in indoors. It is a fairly tall tree with short branches and dense foliage. Fruit ripening occurs from the end of September. The fruits are quite large, weighing 70-130 g and 5.5-7 cm in diameter. The skin is thin, orange, and contains a lot essential oils. The pulp is soft, very juicy, slightly sour, contains 2 seeds. When harvesting, the fruit must be cut off so that the calyx does not remain on the stem.
The variety was obtained as a result of mutations of the Fina variety. Is very popular in Spain. The tree is medium in size and has a spherical crown. The branches do not contain thorns. Leaf blades are narrow, flowers white, small, solitary or in small inflorescences. The fruits are large in size, weighing 80-130 g. The peel is bright orange with a pink tint, soft, lumpy. The pulp is very juicy, sweet, and contains few seeds. To increase productivity, it is recommended to remove small ovaries, leaving no more than three in a group. Fruit ripening occurs from late November to December. The variety does not tolerate low temperatures, so it is often bred indoors. 
The medium-sized tree was bred in Italy and belongs to late varieties. It has a dense spherical crown without thorns and very high yield. The fruits are small in size, weighing up to 80 g, with a thin orange-red peel. Pulp good quality, juicy, orange. Fruit ripening occurs from January to February. Tangerines can hang on the tree until early June without loss of taste. 
The variety belongs to the “noble” group and is often called royal. Comes from the group of Indo-Chinese or Cambodian mandarins. Some characteristics of this plant allow us to say that it belongs to natural hybrids of tangerine and orange. The fruits have largest size of all famous varieties tangerines. The peel is very thick for a tangerine, lumpy, fits tightly to the pulp, but peels well and has a yellow-orange color. 
Selected by V. M. Zorin in the 50s of the twentieth century. The trees have a pyramidal shape with medium foliage density. The bark is rough, brown in color, and has a brown color on the branches. The shoots are light green, ribbed with a slight presence of spines. The leaf blade is 12-14 cm long and 5-6 cm wide, dark green in color with pointed edges. The flowers have 5 petals, arranged singly or in small inflorescences, 4 cm in diameter. In the middle of the flower there are 19-22 stamens, fused at the base, above which a light yellow pistil rises. The fruits are round-flat, weighing 60-80 g, measuring 4.5-5.8 cm. 
Tangerines generally have a rounded flat base, in some cases with a small nipple-like outgrowth. The peel is 0.2-0.4 cm thick, slightly rough, and separates well from the pulp. The pulp of the fruit is orange, juicy, and has a sweet and sour taste. It is divided into 9-12 segments with thick films and does not contain seeds. The vitamin C content is 29 mg per 100 g of product. The harvest takes place in the second half of November. The frost resistance of the variety is high.
Selected after crossing mandarin seedlings Unshiu by F. M. Zorin in the 50s of the twentieth century at the Sochi Experimental Station. The tree has a wide pyramidal crown with abundant foliage and a small amount thorns The rough bark has a brown color. The shoots at the top are ribbed and have a light color green color. The leaves are elongated oval in shape, large in size 12 x 5 cm, corrugated and form a boat along the main vein. The flowers consist of 5 white petals with a cream tint and fused 19-21 stamens with a rounded pistil that rises above them. 
Flowers can be arranged singly or severally in small inflorescences, their size is up to 3 cm in diameter. Pollen is sterile. The fruits are round-flattened or slightly pear-shaped. Their weight is about 70 g, the average size is about 6 cm in diameter and 5 cm in height. The peel is orange, slightly rough, 0.2-0.5 cm thick, easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is sweet and sour in taste, juicy, divided into 9-12 segments and does not contain seeds. The vitamin C content is 29 mg per 100 g of product. The frost resistance of the variety is high.
Abkhazian early mandarin is one of the most widespread and early varieties. In indoor conditions, the tree grows small in size with large green leaves. The plant blooms in May and bears fruit in October. The fruits are medium-sized, round in shape, have a thick, lumpy, matte yellow-orange skin. The pulp is juicy, sweet with slight sourness, contains a large number of seeds The fruits are easy to peel. The plant is afraid of excess moisture, so it is recommended to water as the moisture content of the earthen clod decreases. 
The variety comes from Black Sea coast Caucasus. Refers to early varieties. The crown of the tree has an upright growth with few or no thorns. Tangerines are yellow-orange in color, relatively large, with thick skin. The pulp is juicy and has a sweet and sour taste. 
Important! Enemies for indoor tangerine and are spider mites, scale insects, mealybugs, fungi and viruses.
Semi-early hybrid variety, bred in 1942 in Florida. It began to be grown en masse in 1964 in Israel and Spain. The Nova variety is ideal for growing in pots. 
The tree has a decomposed crown of medium size, on which there are no thorns. The leaves are elongated, similar to the Clementine variety. Refers to early varieties. For better fruiting, it is necessary to carry out formative pruning to remove weak fruits. Otherwise, next year's harvest will not be high. The flowers have a very fragrant scent. The fruits are medium-sized with a thin skin that fits tightly to the pulp and is difficult to peel. The pulp is juicy, dark orange, sweet, divided into 10-11 segments and contains up to 30 seeds. The fruits fully ripen in December. The harvest must be harvested immediately after ripening, otherwise its quality will deteriorate.
The Unshiu variety belongs to the group of Japanese Satsuma varieties, although it comes from China. Cultivation occurred in Japan, after which it spread throughout the world. It has high frost resistance compared to other varieties of tangerines. Another advantage of the plant is the rapid ripening of fruits with low solar activity. Due to the small size of the crown, the variety is grown both in open ground and as a houseplant. 
At home evergreen tree has a crown up to 1.5 m high with dense dark green leaves. The shape of the leaf blade is elongated, with strongly protruding veins. The foliage renewal period ranges from 2 to 4 years. Flowering occurs in May. The flowers are white, numerous, collected in inflorescences of 4-6 pieces. Pollen is sterile. The fruits have a rounded-flattened shape, weighing up to 70 g. The orange peel is easily peeled from the pulp.
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Indoor tangerine – exotic plant. And probably every house has flowers on the windowsill, but for lovers of the exotic, simple aloe or violet may not seem enough. In this case, think about a plant such as indoor tangerine. First of all, it should be said that this plant belongs to the citrus genus and is on a par with grapefruits, lemons, oranges, and limes. Indoor tangerine – evergreen rue class. Why is this exotic plant? The thing is that its appearance is very specific: indoor tangerine grows in the form of a shrub or tree that can reach a height of five meters. Of course, this feature of the development and growth of the tangerine tree will repel many from the desire to purchase the plant, but today breeders have provided for this feature. Many people are interested in the question of how to make a tree fruitful and whether it is possible to eat fruits grown with one’s own hands. Most often, stores sell indoor tangerines already hung with fruits. It is not difficult to achieve fruit set at home.
Indoor tangerine grows as a shrub or tree that can reach 5 meters.
If you are planning to place a tangerine tree on a windowsill or balcony at home, then pay attention to low-growing or dwarf varieties that do not exceed a height of 1 meter. Of course, for the owner of greenhouses or private houses it will not be a problem to purchase a real tangerine tree. Otherwise, due to lack of space, you will have to constantly trim off excess branches and adjust the size of the plant. You don't need artificial pollination. But it is still not recommended to eat hanging fruits, because this result is obtained through the use of all kinds of fertilizers and fertilizers for the plant. Although even a non-blooming tangerine without bright fruits can attract you with beautiful leathery corrugated leaves that remain green all year round. IN in this case the survival rate of the plant will immediately increase several times. You need to take a cutting you like that has at least two leaves, dip it in the rooting agent and plant it in prepared moist soil.
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Indoor tangerine is not very demanding on moisture; frequent watering can lead to the development of various diseases.
If we talk about the popularity of this tree, it is second only to indoor lemon in first place. If you believe the assumptions, then the tangerine tree comes from China or Japan. For many years this plant grew in the gardens of China, and was brought to Europe only closer to the 19th century. After this, indoor tangerines became extremely popular, because they were distinguished by their early fruitfulness and productivity. In addition, unlike the lemon tree, tangerine fruits have a sweet taste and completely lack seeds.
So, you bought a houseplant you liked and brought it home. Now you need to choose the right place for further growth mandarin and create the necessary climatic conditions. After this, the planted sprout needs to be covered with half a plastic bottle or film on top, and it is important to leave a few holes in the homemade greenhouse for ventilation.
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This tree lives in an ordinary flower pot and has a very impressive appearance. First of all, this indoor plant owes its popularity to its bright fruits, which look very appetizing and decorate the tree for several months. Decorative tangerines attract gardeners during the flowering period: on the branches bonsai Pale white flowers bloom that have a wonderful aroma. There are varieties that begin to bloom in spring and continue to delight the owner all year round. Besides, experienced flower growers love to experiment and grow decorative tangerine using the bonsai technique, resulting in a whole work of art from an ordinary plant.
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Optimal temperature growth and development of indoor tangerine - 20-25 degrees.
There are standards that are accepted both for real and for decorative varieties plants. For example, both need good lighting and a moderate amount of direct sunlight. If there is insufficient light, the plant will begin to wither and noticeably slow down its growth and development. A sign of an incorrectly selected place for indoor tangerine is the absence of flowers or poor flowering. You can notice the malaise of the plant by the leaves, which change their rich green color to a faded one, and new tangerine shoots have a sickly appearance. Optimal place For indoor mandarin, southern, south-eastern and eastern windows are considered, while in the summer the plant must be protected from strong direct rays. In the summer, many housewives take the decorative tangerine to the balcony, where the plant will do just as well provided there is moderate lighting and temperature.
As for winter time, during this period try to choose for indoor flower the most illuminated place in the apartment, with direct Sun rays with short daylight hours they will not harm the tangerine, but will only contribute to its development. Of course, there is not sun every day in winter, so flower growers recommend using artificial lighting as a regular phytolamp. But it is necessary to prepare the decorative tangerine for such a procedure gradually, otherwise, if after a cloudy day you place the plant under a lamp for a long period, it may shed its leaves due to a sharp change in the length of daylight hours.
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Indoor mandarin is demanding on lighting. IN winter period Artificial lighting is required.
Another important condition for keeping decorative tangerines is soil moisture. This indoor plant has adopted from its wild relatives such a feature as tolerance to dry periods. If the period without watering lasts for a long time, then in extreme cases the tangerine will shed some of its leaves in order to retain moisture in the roots and reduce the area of evaporation. Therefore, the biggest mistake when growing indoor tangerine is overwatering. This can cause not only the loss of beautiful appearance plants, but also the development of all kinds of diseases.
To determine the exact amount of liquid you will need to water the tangerine, consider following features plants:
Most of all, an adult plant needs moisture, which has a large number of leaves, grows in a large container, and the temperature is constantly above twenty degrees. It is recommended to water indoor tangerine in the first half of the day: it is at this time that it becomes more active. If the room temperature has dropped significantly, it is recommended to stop watering for several days until the soil is completely dry and the moisture has evaporated.
But not only the roots of the plant should receive moisture, it is necessary to regularly spray the leaves: in dry air, the decorative tangerine can wither and wither, and the risk of infection of the plant also greatly increases spider mite. But during the flowering period, when watering, make sure that the water does not fall directly on the flowers.
Mandarin- an evergreen plant that belongs to the Rutov family. The specific Latin name of the mandarin is Citrus reticulate. Like orange, lemon, lime, and grapefruit, it belongs to the Citrus genus. The life form of this plant is interesting - it can be a shrub or a tree, reaching a height of 5 meters.
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Indoor tangerine
Like other representatives of the Citrus genus, mandarin has long been grown in greenhouses, greenhouses, winter gardens. Despite its size, tangerines can be grown at home on a balcony or windowsill. Currently, breeders have developed many varieties of dwarf and low-growing tangerines for home grown, maximum height which are 0.6-1.1 m. Indoor tangerine may not be a dwarf variety, then the plant needs to be heavily pruned and shaped.
Indoor tangerine is very impressive potted plant . And not only because of the bright, fragrant and appetizing orange fruits that can last for several months. Sometimes a plant gives pleasure only by its flowering, because the delicate white flowers of tangerine exude an amazing aroma. In some varieties, flowering begins in the spring and can continue all year round. Indoor tangerine, grown as a bonsai, is a real work of art.
1:882Fruits of indoor tangerine set without artificial pollination, usually ripen at the end of the year. Often an indoor tangerine in a pot is bought in a store with fruits already hanging on it. Despite the fact that they are very appetizing, you should not eat them. After all, to achieve such a high decorative effect plants receive high doses of fertilizers. The tangerine has beautiful leathery and corrugated leaves.
1:1619Popular tangerine varieties for growing at home
Unshiu - Japanese variety, the most unpretentious, begins to bear fruit in 3-4 years, in indoor conditions it grows to 0.8-1.5 m. It branches well. It blooms profusely in spring, producing fruits in late October-November. Pear-shaped fruits lack seeds.
Kowano-Wase, Micha-Wase, Miyagawa-Wase - dwarf tangerines Vasya group - suitable for growing on a windowsill, height 40-80 cm. Orange-yellow fruits ripen for the first time in the second year of cultivation, flowering is abundant. Like all dwarf varieties, they do not require crown formation.
Shiva-Mikan is an early compact fast-growing variety. The fruits are small, no more than 30 g
Murcott- the fruits of this compact tangerine variety are very sweet, ripen in summer, and taste very sweet, which is why the name of the variety is translated as “honey.”
Clementine- a hybrid of tangerine and orange, bears fruit at home in the second year. One adult domestic tree produces up to 50 medium-sized, flattened orange-red fruits per year, very fragrant, with shiny skin. Plants of this variety with numerous seeds are called Montreals.
Mandarin care at home
Lighting mandarin at home
First step in successful cultivation indoor tangerine - choosing a place for the plant and its correct lighting.
Indoor tangerines, as well as those grown in open ground, need good lighting with some direct sunlight. At insufficient lighting the plant slows down, throws out a small number of flowers or does not bloom at all. With a strong lack of light, the leaves of indoor tangerines become faded, new shoots become elongated, thin and painful in appearance. Therefore, it is better to grow the plant on eastern, south-eastern and southern windows, shading them from direct midday rays. In summer, the plant can be taken out to the balcony, gradually accustoming it to the street.
In winter, when daylight hours are short, indoor tangerines should be placed in the brightest place with direct sunlight. But sometimes this is not enough: artificial lighting is needed. For this purpose, an ordinary phytolamp is suitable, which can be screwed into a chandelier or table lamp. It is necessary to transfer the plant to additional lighting gradually. With a sharp change in daylight hours, it can shed its leaves.
Content temperature
The optimal temperature for indoor tangerine in the summer is + 20-25 oC. During the period of budding and flowering, so that the flowers do not fall off, it is better to keep the plant at a temperature slightly below + 20 ° C. IN winter time To ensure a relative period of rest, tangerine is kept at + 5 -10 °C. A plant that has rested over the winter will bloom and bear fruit better.
How to water and spray tangerines at home
The indoor mandarin, like its wild ancestors, is adapted to withstand dry periods. In extreme cases, the plant will shed its leaves to reduce the amount of liquid that evaporates. A common problem when growing tangerines at home is excessive watering, which leads to the development of fungal diseases.
The amount of water for watering indoor tangerines depends on several factors:
- size of the plant;
- the size of the container in which the tangerine grows;
- ambient temperature;
- length of daylight hours and lighting intensity.
The larger the leaf surface of indoor tangerine, the stronger the evaporation, and the more it needs watering. Temperature also affects the rate of evaporation: the higher it is, the more moisture the plant loses. The length of daylight directly affects the amount of moisture that evaporates. Stomata - formations on the underside of land plants that serve for gas exchange, open during daylight hours.
Watering indoor tangerines should be done in the first half of the day, when the plant has activated its life processes. When the temperature drops, watering is reduced, even stopping for several days during the period when the room temperature is only +12-15 oC. In this case, the tangerine is watered with a small amount of water only to maintain vital functions.
Mandarin at home needs regular spraying of leaves. Very dry air has a bad effect on the plant and is often a prerequisite for its infection with spider mites. If an indoor tangerine is blooming, then you need to make sure that water does not get on its flowers.
How to feed tangerines at home
Complete care picking tangerines at home is not possible without additional mineral and organic nutrition. The soil in the pot is quickly depleted and washed away when watering, and recreational processes practically do not occur in it, unlike soil in nature.
For fertilizing, you can use soluble or dry fertilizers. In the spring, as daylight hours increase, fertilizing for indoor tangerines is increased. It is in the early spring that vegetative and generative buds begin to develop intensively, at this time the plant requires additional nutrients.
At home, tangerines are fertilized like all other indoor plants, that is, in the first half of the day. The ambient temperature should be at least + 18-19 degrees.
Soluble fertilizers are often used for fertilizing. You can water the plant with them, and spray its leaves in a weaker concentration. To feed indoor tangerine, any complex mineral fertilizer containing phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium - the main elements, necessary for plants.
Fertilizers should be dissolved in soft or settled water at room temperature. The main thing is not to increase the dose. If the instructions say: 1 capful of product per 1 liter of water, do not think that 2 capfuls will make the solution more useful. This will lead to the opposite effect - a chemical burn or toxic poisoning of the plant.
You need to feed tangerines at home during the period of intensive growth (from March to September) 2 times a week. Possibly less often, but not more often.
Dry fertilizers, which are applied to the soil and gradually dissolve, releasing microelements to the soil, must be applied even more carefully. Their advantage is that by adding them in the spring you can forget about fertilizing for a long time. However, they can be quickly used by the plant, and it will be difficult to guess about it. Adding an additional dose of fertilizer will lead to the above-mentioned overdose.
To grow tangerines, organic fertilizers are also needed. To do this, you can dilute infused cow manure in a ratio of 1/10. The best option There will be the use of organic fertilizer in combination with mineral fertilizers for soil feeding.
Additional care for tangerines at home
To form a lush tangerine tree, pinch the tops of its branches.
Caring for tangerines at home also involves removing dried leaves or elongated branches.
On the young flowering plants The flowers are partially removed so as not to deplete them and to allow several fruits to ripen. For 15-20 leaves of an adult plant, you can leave one ovary. The fewer fruits remain on the tangerine, the larger they will be.
The fruiting branches of indoor mandarin are tied and tied to a support, otherwise they may break due to the weight of the fruit and the plant will not have an attractive appearance.
Diseases and pests
Mandarins at home can be affected by scale insects, red spider mites and mealybugs. Spraying the plant with a soap solution (2 tbsp) will help against scale insects liquid soap, you can use “Fary”, for 3 liters of water). It is better to remove pests by hand first. After leaving the solution on the leaves for half an hour, wash it off warm water. In case of spider mite infestation, the pest is collected manually, then the leaves and twigs are wiped with a cotton swab moistened cold water or alcohol, then sprinkle with a two-day infusion of garlic or onion (crush 200 g and pour warm boiled water). Removing the pest with a cotton swab and spraying it with garlic infusion 3 times (once every 7 days), or rubbing it with a cotton swab soaked in alcohol (can be replaced with calendula tincture) will also help against mealybugs. In case of persistent damage by any pest, they resort to potent chemicals, which are used according to instructions.
At improper watering tangerine leaves become spotted and fall off. To prevent or eliminate the problem, follow the rules for watering citrus plants.
Replanting a tangerine at home
Proper care picking a tangerine at home involves replanting the plant. Usually a transplant is carried out if the plant, in our case the indoor tangerine, is cramped in the pot. As a rule, young indoor tangerine plants are replanted annually, plants older than 7 years - once every 2 years. For transplantation, a special soil mixture for citrus fruits or make it themselves from turf soil (50%) and leaf soil, humus and sand, taken in equal parts.
To transplant an indoor tangerine, choose a pot with a diameter of 5 - 8 cm larger than the previous one. It is forbidden small plant plant immediately in a large pot: this often leads to rotting of the roots. In addition, it is neither aesthetically pleasing nor practical.
Mandarin at home, as in nature, prefers a light substrate with weak acidity. It is necessary to put drainage at the bottom of the container for replanting - this is the prevention of stagnation of water and root rot. For drainage you can use: expanded clay, small stones, fragments of ceramic dishes, pieces of foam plastic.
Indoor tangerines cannot be replanted while the plant is flowering. It is better to do this in the spring at the beginning of the plant’s awakening from a relative period of dormancy.
You cannot feed the plant 2-3 days before replanting, and also use fertilizers for 12-14 days after replanting.
After transplanting, the indoor tangerine is lightly watered so that the soil settles. After 30-40 minutes, if necessary, add the substrate to the pot and water it again.
Reproduction of indoor tangerine
Mandarins can be propagated at home in two ways:
- vegetative (rooting of branches);
- generative (growing from seed).
To root cuttings, it is better to use a rooting agent - the survival rate will be 3-4 times higher. To do this, cuttings with 2-3 leaves are dipped in a rooting agent and planted in wet soil, covering the top with film or cut plastic bottle, be sure to leave holes in them for ventilation. Cuttings take root within several months.
Growing tangerines at home from seeds is the longest method of propagation, especially since some varieties produce almost no seeds. In addition, an indoor tangerine grown using this method will need grafting, otherwise it will not bloom. For rootstock would be better suited indoor lemon or grapefruit grown at home from a seed.
Since both methods of propagating indoor tangerines take too much time, more often amateur gardeners buy already grafted indoor tangerine in shops.
Mandarin, just like lemon Tree, is quite common and popular. A houseplant is grown directly indoors. Botanists suggest that it was first grown in China or Japan.
Where did the plant get its name? In the past, it was grown in the gardens of mandarins, who were wealthy dignitaries at that time. At the beginning of the 19th century, tangerines began to appear in Europe. They were transported to Italy in 1840. After which the whole Mediterranean learned about this fruit.
tangerine tree differs in that it ripens quickly and brings big harvest. It also has quite sweet fruits that do not have seeds. When did Ukraine see this beautiful tree? At the beginning of the 20th century, where the Black Sea is located. It is in this place that tangerine is most common at home.
The fruit tree can be called weak-growing. Its height reaches 3 meters. It has beautiful, eye-catching leaves. Their color is dark green, and their structure is quite dense and has small wings in the petiole area. The flowers have a wonderful aroma and white color - they are beautifully arranged in clusters. The fruits of the tree are spherical, flattened and have a diameter of up to 6 cm. Their weight is about 100 g.
The fruit has a thin orange peel that is easy to separate from the pulp. There are “plump” tangerines, the peel of which practically does not come into contact with the pulp, but has air gap. The sweet yellow-orange pulp is easy to divide into slices.
The fruit of the tree is rich in sugar, organic acids, and vitamins. It is rare to find seeds in the fruit. If you decide to plant a tangerine at home, then it requires a limited amount of light and fresh air. Not every variety of tangerine can grow indoors, so it is necessary to distinguish between these types. So, you can get early ripening tangerine trees, which are of Japanese origin. They are undersized and unpretentious.
Among the most common options is the Unshiu variety, which means seedless. He is short in stature - up to 1.5 meters. It has a spreading crown and the branches do not have thorns. The leaves are wide, leathery and dark green in color. The tree blooms profusely once a year. Tangerine from seeds at home has small white flowers with a pleasant aroma. When the tree is already 3 years old, it begins to bear fruit. If you take good care of an adult tree, you can get up to 50 fruits within a year.
This decorative look plants characterized by low growth. They are indoor varieties tangerines. Mature trees are usually no higher than 80 cm. This has made them popular among plants that are kept on the windowsill.
For an indoor tangerine tree there is no need to form a crown. However, from time to time it is necessary to remove branches that have dried out or grown incorrectly. The peculiarity of the dwarf mandarin is that it begins to bear fruit after two years of life. However, the size and taste of the fruit is the same as that of ordinary fruit trees.
In order to plant a plant you need to take suitable pot. Its material doesn't matter. But there is important condition, to top part the diameter did not exceed 15 cm, and the height should be the same. The bottom of the container should have one or more small holes, so that during watering excess water could have flowed off it.
The pot can be in the form of a plastic bucket, wooden, ceramic or glass container. It is necessary to place drainage at its bottom, which can be expanded clay or sand. Practice shows that charcoal after a fire acts best as drainage. You should not make drainage more than 5 cm in height.
After selecting the drainage, you need to take a little soil to sprinkle it. Any soil will not work in this case. There are specially prepared types of soil, for example “Mandarin”. They can be purchased in specialized stores.
In some cases, you can do the soil preparation yourself. Where the old ones grow deciduous trees in the forest, take some soil. However, avoid areas where oak, poplar or chestnut trees grow. The soil is most fertile in the upper layers, the thickness of which is 10 cm. Additionally, you need to add sand, river sand, ash, humus, if available, will do. Dilute a glass of earth with a glass of sand, three tablespoons of humus and a tablespoon of ash, as well as a small amount of water. You should end up with a thick, sour cream-like mass. This will help avoid air voids near the root of the tree.
When six months have passed, you need to take a container that is 5 cm larger and transplant small tangerines there. When you have planted a tree, you need to spray it and water it with a weak potassium permanganate agent from time to time.
Prepare a place for the plant in advance. A window sill that is directed towards the light is suitable for this, so that enough sunlight falls on the leaves.
Propagation occurs when seedlings are grafted from other citrus fruits such as orange and lemon. Air layering is also used using this method. If you want to take cuttings from plants using amateur conditions, you will not succeed.
Important attention should be paid to lighting. The window on which you will keep the plant should be located on the south sunny side. When summer comes, take it outside to breathe. fresh air. This could be a veranda, garden or balcony. However, it is important that this place is protected from the wind.
It is good if the plant grows on the south side, but it is important not to forget to protect it from direct sunlight in the summer. This can damage the roots and crowns, and also cause burns on the tangerine itself from the seed at home. How to avoid this? Make a curtain of gauze and place it on the window where the tree stands. When you plan to leave the house, make it a rule to cover the glass with a curtain, especially on sunny days.
Have you placed a tangerine on the windowsill? Then in winter you should take care of it by properly insulating the window. The pot with the tree itself is also insulated. In order for the tangerine to shoot buds and bloom, it is important to maintain the temperature to 18 degrees. There should also be suitable humidity - 60%. At the same time, you should not be afraid of high temperatures, because the plant has the ability to withstand up to 40 degrees of heat.
Now let's move on to the basics of watering. As it dries upper layer soil, it is necessary to water the plant. Under no circumstances should the lump of earth dry out in the pot. Every day, determine how wet the soil is by testing the surface layer of soil with your fingers. If during the inspection you notice that the soil sticks together, then it does not need watering, but if it begins to crumble, then watering is required.
Especially in the summer, it is important to monitor the condition of the soil. Indeed, due to the fact that the tree is exposed to high temperatures and bright sun, the soil often dries out. It is also worth remembering that not all water is suitable for irrigation.
If you have city apartment, then the water from it is not suitable for watering tangerines. This is explained by the fact that it contains alkaline earth metals, as well as chlorine. Such substances will only harm the plant. As a result, its leaves will suffer from chlorosis, and metabolic processes in the soil will be disrupted.
It's a good idea to boil the water every time, but you probably don't need that much trouble. Another good option is to use hot water from the tap, which contains less chlorine and, moreover, it is soft. Before watering the tree, leave the water in an open container for a day - then the chlorine will be completely removed from it. After all, this substance is destructive for any citrus fruit.
If you own a private home, then water from wells will do. However, the water found in a lake or stream is even better. Before watering, let it warm up a little at room temperature. Not suitable for watering rainwater, because it contains harmful impurities. What is the best way to care for tangerines in winter? Heat the water until it reaches 35 degrees. Then the tree will grow and bear fruit better. In summer, it is easier to deal with this issue by simply placing water on a window where there is more sun.
Watering alone is not enough for a tangerine tree. It needs to be sprayed once every day. clean water. You need to take care of this especially in the summer. Use a spray bottle or other means to create moisture. Thanks to this, there will be no dust on the leaves and they will be able to breathe. Also, once a month it is necessary to carry out the following procedure: place the plant in the bathtub, cover an area of soil with plastic film, while treating the entire plant with cotton wool and soap suds. This will allow you to forget about the hard work of pest control. However, remember that you need to take gauze or a bandage to bandage the tree trunk. This will prevent soapy water from getting into the soil.
What can you say about fertilizer? In winter, there is no need to fertilize the tangerine. But in the summer and spring time this is done every two weeks. There are features that show how to properly fertilize. Do not start doing this before you have watered the plant, otherwise you will burn the roots. Moist soil is suitable for fertilizing.
How much should a tree be fertilized? Make sure there is enough of it and that it flows straight out of the drainage hole. In specialized stores you will see a large selection of fertilizers. You can also use regular fish soup, which is suitable for a plant that is taller than one meter. Thanks to this feeding, it will begin to bear fruit better. But at the same time, do not neglect special fertilizers, such as Mandarin.
Mandarins can be damaged by sucking and gnawing pests, as well as fungi and viruses. You can often encounter spider mites and scale insects. To combat them, chemical and biological drugs. However, this is the case if you plant the plant on open ground. It is better not to use pesticides within the apartment.
How can you determine that a plant needs care? For example, it may become covered with white dots. You may also see a reddish tick on it that moves quickly if you touch it. In addition, white cobwebs may appear on white leaves.
To combat such pests, use tobacco dust, garlic and laundry soap. One tablespoon of tobacco dust is poured with boiling water (one glass). All this must be insisted for 6 days. Then add laundry soap to this. Spray the plant every 6 days. However, take a break for 6 days.
How to use garlic against pests? Mash the plant head and pour it hot water. Wait 2 days and strain the broth. You can spray the tangerine according to the same previous scheme.
What if you notice that your plant is covered in brownish-gray shiny growths? This means it is a scale insect infection. This can be dealt with using water-oil emulsions. Mix machine oil (1 teaspoon) with warm water (1 cup). To this add laundry soap (40 g) and washing powder(2 large spoons). When you treat a plant with this, be sure to use plastic film to cover the soil. Also use a bandage to bandage the trunk. Thanks to this, the emulsion will not get on the ground and damage it. For processing, you can use a cotton or gauze swab. Treat the entire surface and leaves of the plant. Then wait 4 hours and wash everything off. This procedure also needs to be done 3 times.
Thanks to such simple tips you will grow a beautiful plant.
For feeding, you can use both dry and soluble additives. There is root and foliar fertilizer for citrus fruits. Both of these methods are quite important and useful for mandarin. At the same time, phosphorus and nitrogen are often used during root nutrition. And for foliar application (which, by the way, is best combined with spraying) use copper, manganese, boron, iron, magnesium and zinc. All these ingredients should be used with the following dosage: copper sulfate– dose no more than 250 mg/l, potassium permanganate – approximately 200-300 mg/l, boric acid– 200-250 mg/l, iron sulfate – no more than 3 g/l, magnesium (or magnesium sulfate) – 10 g/l and zinc oxide – 5-7 g/l.
How often should you fertilize this citrus? On average, fresh soil nourishes a plant for about 3 months. But there are various subtleties. If you fertilize with not completely rotted manure, then it is worth adding nitrogen-containing elements. But it is worth remembering that the plant must receive all the necessary components, since the lack of one element cannot be replaced by an excess of any other component. With this condition, it is worth using mixtures rather than individual components. The list of required components includes: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, calcium, magnesium and others.
You need to feed tangerines based not only on the tips indicated on the packages, but also on the condition of the plant itself.
Phosphorus fertilizer. There are several ways to feed plants with phosphorus. The first is the most convenient - sprinkle the surface of the earth with superphosphate and then fluff up the soil and sprinkle the phosphate with soil. The next method of such replenishment is to mix superphosphate with the manure mixture and apply it to the ground. And the most difficult thing is mixing phosphate with water. It is difficult because superphosphate is practically insoluble in water. Therefore, per liter of water you need to take 50 g of superphosphate, boil this solution for about 30 minutes, and then drain and dilute it 10 times with water.
Nitrogen fertilizer. Nutrition with nitrogen minerals can be done, for example, with saltpeter (0.5%): 2-3 tablespoons per 15 liters of water. You can also feed with a mixture ammonium nitrate and potash soda. Dissolve 1-2 tablespoons of ammonium nitrate and 1 tablespoon of salt in 10 liters of water. It is best to initially mix saltpeter and salt in a liter of water and then pour it into the rest of the water.
How to improve productivity?We are constantly receiving letters in which amateur gardeners are worried that due to the cold summer this year there will be a poor harvest of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS on this matter. But unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we would like to recommend plant growth biostimulants that will help increase the yield by up to 50-70%.
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Calcium supplementation. This is a fairly simple way to fertilize a tangerine. To add calcium, it is best to use already used lime or plaster. It is best to apply these substances under the roots of the plant, in the soil.
Fertilization with organic substances. This is fertilization with a natural substance, namely manure. Initially, the manure needs to be filled with water and left for 5-10 days for it to ferment. After this, it needs to be diluted with water. If it is cow manure, then it needs to be diluted 10-15 times, if it is bird droppings, then 15-20 times. Then you need to add 2-3 g of superphosphate and 1-3 g of viburnum salt to the finished slurry. You can also feed it with non-stray manure. Manure is used to accelerate the growth of citrus. Organic fertilizer used in summer. Also in summer, slurry is best combined with nitrogen-potassium fertilizer. In this case, nitrogen and potassium are added every 10 days, and slurry 5 days after nitrogen. If you use only manure, then you need to do this 1-2 times a month.
It is important to remember that you need to feed the plant depending on the season and weather conditions. Active fertilization begins in March and ends around September. In winter, plants can be fertilized once a month, and if the soil is well saturated, then until January you can not feed the plant at all. Bring in various substances Only needed in moist soil.
To saturate the soil with various useful substances They also use tea or shag tincture, castor oil, and ferrous sulfate solution. They also sprinkle with rust and horn shavings.
It was mentioned above in the article that it is necessary to nourish the soil and plant not only according to a schedule or depending on the season, but it is also extremely important to focus on the condition of the citrus fruit itself. In this case, you need to pay attention to the age of the plant. So on young leaves the manifestations of poisoning or deficiency will be one way, but on adult and old leaves it will be completely different.
If you don't have enough iron, then on the tangerine leaves (regardless of the color of the leaf itself) the network of veins will stand out clearly. It will be a bright green color, especially the central core. If there is a lack of iron, plant growth will be stunted.
Manganese deficiency manifests itself in a similar way. The veins will also be bright green, but the tissue between them will turn yellow, and then completely turn into dead.
Sulfur. Starting from the veins, the entire leaf becomes either pale green or pale yellow. It will not turn completely yellow, but some yellowness will appear. The absence of sulfur does not lead to tissue death.
Lack of calcium. A deficiency of this substance is more dangerous for the plant. In the absence of calcium, the tangerine leaf first becomes discolored, and then the upper edge begins to curl down. Then the top and edges of the leaf begin to die, which can lead to the foliage falling off.
Boron deficiency leads to various modifications of foliage. A particularly noticeable factor is deformation sheet plate And various types color changes, usually at the top of the leaf.
If the citrus tree does not have enough copper, the plant begins to wither. The leaf becomes an unnatural dark green color. And the leaf shape becomes not symmetrical. The central core may also change; it becomes arched. And resinous smudges may appear on the fruits.
An adult plant may lack completely different elements.
How to grow a gorgeous citrus tree?
Nitrogen. With chlorosis, a yellowish-green speck appears on the plant, which over time spreads to the entire leaf. And the shoots are shortened.
Lack of phosphorus. In this case, the leaf remains green, but ceases to be glossy. What is also noteworthy is that young foxes become very narrow. Also, flowering is weak and as a result - low yield and thick peel of tangerines. The fruits also become sour.
If there is a lack of zinc, the leaves become paler and the veins brighter. At the same time, they become smaller.
Poisoning is possible with any of the elements: nitrogen, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, manganese, boron, etc.
For the normal existence of the plant and for it to produce good harvest, while the taste of tangerines was balanced, the plants need to be properly cared for.
Fertilizer for citrus trees
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