Many craftsmen who install suspended ceilings have mastered the technique in practice, adopting the necessary experience and knowledge from more experienced installers. But when the work requires drawing up a work project, and at the end it is necessary to provide reasonable guarantees of the technical compliance of the design with SNiP standards, many experience difficulties. Craftsmen from any reputable organization design and install plasterboard on the ceiling in accordance with the recommendations contained in the standard routing Knauf.
If for an amateur GOST and SNiP are a “dark forest”, then for a professional the technological map is a universal guide on how to technically and quickly assemble a frame and screw drywall.
Important! If the work is performed under a contract, then when placing and submitting an order you cannot do without the recommendations of the Knauf technical map for drawing up project documentation.
The latest current Knauf technological map (series 1.045.9-2.08.1) is comprehensive on how to design and install a suspended ceiling structure under plasterboard and gypsum fiber boards. All work is divided into separate sequential stages, so understanding the technology will not be difficult.
The frame for the ceiling is made from both Knauf metal profiles and wooden blocks.
There are 5 types of suspended ceiling designs:
For wooden structure P 111 uses coniferous bars with a moisture content of no more than 12%. Before installation on the ceiling, they are treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant. The recommended cross-section of the bars is 50×30 mm.
The metal frame for the ceiling is made of long rolled elements made of thin sheet steel.
Frame with fastening to the base (P 112, 113). To assemble it, take a regular ceiling profile. It consists of the following elements:
The ceiling of the P131 system with fastening to the wall is made of a more powerful profile for the installation of partition structures (PS).
To strengthen the structure at the junction of rooms, use reinforced profile UA on the ceiling.
Profile connection work is performed using the following elements:
The work of installing the frame on the Knauf ceiling is carried out using the following elements:
Important! Not everyone knows that U-shaped hangers are produced under the profile and under the beam. Although they are similar in appearance, they have different nominal sizes after folding the side strips. For wood it is 50 mm, and for a profile – 60 mm.
Depending on the operating conditions, the required Knauf drywall is selected from the following varieties:
Type A. Regular construction drywall. This sheet is used for heated rooms with normal level humidity (up to 60%).
Type H2. Drywall with increased moisture resistance. The leaf has a low level of water absorption (up to 10%). Room humidity can be up to 75%.
Type DF. Flame resistant drywall.
Type DFH2. Drywall with the properties of the two previous types.
Important! Initially, it is customary to calculate the frame specifically for ceiling plasterboard size 1.2x2.5 m and thickness 9.5 mm. But drywall comes in other sizes.
The drywall has a factory-made longitudinal edge. The most technologically advanced and therefore widespread is the semicircular thinned one, but there is plasterboard with other types of edges:
Each type of edge is needed to solve specific structural problems. In particular, installation of figured corner protrusions.
The work is carried out in a dry and heated room at an air temperature of at least +10 degrees.
Work on the implementation of any frame begins with marking the design position of the ceiling surface. Using a level and a tapping thread, mark the corresponding line on the walls around the perimeter.
Next, depending on which Knauf plasterboard is selected for the suspended ceiling, work is done to mark the location of the guides and mounting points for the suspensions. The lines of the supporting guides are marked in accordance with the length of the sheet so that the end joint falls on the profile.
At the marked points, hangers are attached to the ceiling with dowels or anchors.
The wooden frame is mounted in two ways:
Installation of a profile frame:
Important! The edge of the sheet, not covered with cardboard, is processed with a plane to remove the chamfer.
The manufacturer has prepared a video in which craftsmen demonstrate the assembly principle suspended structure
Screwing job Knauf sheets performed in pairs or using a lifting mechanism. Plasterboard is mounted on the ceiling without T-shaped joints, staggered. In this case, the sheet is shifted by the step of the supporting profile. Installation is carried out so that the sheet lies in the longitudinal direction without a gap, and in the transverse direction there is a small gap. This way the putty will completely fill the joint, and the seam will be strong.
When temperature changes, the plasterboard sheet expands, so large rooms it is necessary to provide expansion joints with a pitch of 15 m.
To make it easier to putty the self-tapping screws, screw them in with the head slightly recessed into the sheet – 1 mm. The work of sealing joints is carried out using reinforcing tape.
Drywall – universal material, and the Knauf technological map will help you complete high-quality installation any design, even for a novice master.
GKL, aka sheet gypsum board, quite cheap material based on cellulose and gypsum. It is light in weight and can be easily mounted on any plane (using aluminum profiles). Directly when installing it, a small indentation is made from the base of the plaster. If necessary, the lines are aligned along the perimeter, which makes it possible to hide visual defects of the main ceiling without disassembling it.
The most best technology installation sheet plasterboard on the ceiling - this is the use of the KNAUF system. That is, each sheet is attached separately to a pre-mounted aluminum profile. That, in turn, can be rigidly attached to both the walls and the main ceiling.
Suspensions on belts are made if necessary (for example, if the length of each span is more than 4-5 meters).
It should be mentioned that gypsum boards are allowed:
What will the mounted box give? Possibility to create a two-level . In one of the parts (the base of which will be below) you can mount all the necessary lighting. Other communications (internet cable, meter output) will also fit there without any problems. The most difficult thing is the calculation. Installation implies that the first level will initially be completely secured. From above - boxes are attached along new guide profiles.
It should be taken into account that the final mass of the structure will be quite large, so additional fastening must be provided in advance.
But for this purpose the following are best suited:
Which option would be ideal for a given situation? It’s better to trust this choice professional builders or designer.
Painting ceilings based on plasterboard sheets is best done with paint on water based(emulsion). Its key advantage is absorption into the cellulose base. Accordingly, in the future it will not burn out under sun rays, do not increase surface roughness. Has similar properties acrylic paint, but it’s still not worth using it indoors. In addition, painting should be done with a spray gun, and not with traditional rollers. The latter will leave visually noticeable dents.
Is it necessary to paint gypsum board ceilings at all? This provides several advantages:
The only disadvantage is that repainting will have to be done every 3-5 years. And if with ordinary ceiling If there are no problems, you will have to tinker a lot on two levels.
GVL, also known as gypsum fiber, is the same plasterboard, but also produced using a slightly different technology. Its thickness is almost the same, but it is used mainly in those rooms where there are increased requirements for fire safety. And them external finishing not recommended. However, many manufacturers even in the factory decorate such sheets with figured cutting and carving.
Detailed differences between moisture-resistant GVL boards are presented in the article:.
Advantages of GVL:
Mounting GVL sheets also performed on a pre-installed metal frame made of profiles. The fastening device is identical to that used with plasterboard (Knauf).
It is not difficult to install gypsum boards yourself. The main task for the specialist is to determine the nominal level of fastening of the profiles. As a rule, the indentation ranges from 3 to 10 centimeters. If you plan to install lamps or equip all this with lighting, then the distance can be increased. If at the top is wooden ceiling, then it is recommended to line it with a layer of fiberboard.
Even if you plan to make two-level ones, the first step is to completely install the first level (in one piece). The box is already filled with this layer. A simple calculator and a few mathematical formulas will allow you to find out exactly how much material you will need for all this.
Detailed instructions for creating two-level ceilings in the material:.
The procedure for installing a gypsum board ceiling:
This process can be seen in more detail in the photos and videos below.
Using the KNAUF system, you can also create a so-called floating ceiling, that is, one that is not attached to the walls along the perimeter. On the sides, as a rule, LED lighting is attached there.
The floating ceiling mount is supported by:
What is the advantage of the Knauf system? Something that fits any home, and after installation the ceiling will not be noticeable at all. This also applies to the installation of gypsum fiber sheets.
Let's look at the Tigi-Knauf ceilings. This technology was first proposed by the German company Tigi-Knauf; they became very popular and are called by the name of this company. In Russia, they are widely used in industrial and office construction, as well as in the decoration of residential premises. The comparative cheapness, speed and relative ease of installation have made the Knauf suspended ceiling in demand in our market.
Such a ceiling in combination with sound and thermal insulation materials gives optimal performance.
Included suspended ceiling Tiki Knauf includes sheets of certain sizes made of plasterboard and a special metal carcass.
Installation of suspended ceilings made of gypsum plasterboard is recommended to begin during finishing works, but always after completion of the main work related to the wet process. All wall leveling work must also be completed. If the walls are sheathed with plasterboard, then they must be sheathed by this moment; if plastering work is planned, then they must be plastered.
Installation must be carried out under the condition that dry or normal humidity conditions are maintained in accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 “Thermal protection of buildings”. The temperature in the room where work is carried out and where installation materials are stored should not fall below 10°C.
Before installation, an accurate calculation of the future structure is carried out, the grid is laid out in accordance with the recommended step for a given type of ceiling and the mounting of the suspensions to the base ceiling is marked in accordance with the type of load (see)
Advice. All electrical, ventilation and other communications, if they pass above the suspended ceiling, must be installed and their functionality must be checked.
The weight of one square meter of the finished ceiling is about 13.5 kg, it may vary slightly depending on the sheets used. For example, in wet areas, it is necessary to use gypsum plasterboard sheets - moisture resistant, and for fire hazardous premises gypsum plasterboard sheets - fire resistant - are provided.
For one square meter of finished ceiling you need:
What tools do we need in order to assemble suspended ceilings with high quality? Let's prepare the following set of tools:
Advice. Screwdrivers are best used with batteries. It's more convenient and safer.
Important. For large volumes, you can use a grinder with a metal circle.
Despite the impressive list of professional construction tools, mounted complete systems KNAUF is quite simple, of course, if the master has an idea of how to use these tools and carefully studies the technology of ceiling construction.
Advice. What is the beating used for? If you use a water level or a laser level, then simply mark the corners, and then connect them using a tap.
Advice. Pay attention to the location of all electrical and other process wiring in the space above the ceiling frame. Any possibility of accidental damage to them by the sharp edges of the metal frame or screws during fastening must be excluded plasterboard sheets.
Having installed it at the junction, special fasteners are secured in the profile cavity, and the fastening itself should snap into place.
As a result, we should get a sheathing from a profile with a cell of 40X40.
Advice. When starting to finish the mounted plasterboard ceiling, check whether the screws protrude above the surface of the sheet.
Advice. First, the end edges of the sheets are chamfered at an angle of 22.5° to a depth of 2/3 of the sheet thickness using a special edge plane.
Advice: It is recommended to use a 250 mm spatula, in this case the layer will be of this width. The task is to smooth out as much as possible that invisible bump that appeared when applying the reinforcing tape.
We looked at the simplest device. You can install such a ceiling in an apartment yourself. You just need to follow technological sequence works
Relatively new technology Knauf was developed and offered by the German company Tigi-Knauf, whose main activity is related to the production of high-quality materials for repair and construction work, including plasterboard sheets different types, profiles, fastening elements.
The essence of the technology in the case of ceiling installation comes down to the use of Knauf products with the aim of maximizing the leveling of the ceiling and delicately masking communications with minimal time and labor.
Knauf company focuses on several important nuances, which must be taken into account when assembling a frame for a suspended ceiling using its technology. These include:
With your own hands, a gypsum board ceiling using Knauf technology is assembled from special profiles marked UD and CD.
Properly planned and installed plasterboard structures They allow you not only to complement the interior, but also to add the necessary accents, adjust the size of the room, and hide communications and electrical wiring. Ceiling installation using Knauf technology allows you to create practical designer ceilings With minimal costs energy and time. Finished design opens up more opportunities for experimenting with light and demonstrates excellent thermal and sound insulation performance.
Installation of ceilings is carried out from the materials included in the kit. It includes sheets of plasterboard from the manufacturer with optimal sizes and properties, metal frame. Working with such a set is convenient even for a beginner.
Installing a Knauf plasterboard ceiling is permitted only after completion of construction and finishing work associated with wet processes. In addition, by this time the walls should be leveled and finished.
It is allowed to begin the process of installing a ceiling structure provided that the temperature and humidity conditions are observed. It is important that the temperature is not lower than 10 degrees Celsius and the humidity does not exceed 60%.
The beginning of the work must necessarily be the correct calculation of the ceiling, drawing up a design project, and carrying out markings. At the same stage, the functionality of ventilation, electrical and other communications is checked.
Using a level for control and a tapping thread, mark a line on the walls around the perimeter of the room. Taking into account the type of drywall chosen for installation, mark the guides with points for mounting the hangers.
Suspensions are secured with anchors or dowels in the marked areas. Further work will depend on the choice of a wooden or metal frame.
So, the technology for installing Knauf plasterboard on a ceiling using a wooden frame involves the following algorithm:
Some features of installing a metal frame:
The finished frame is sheathed with Knauf plasterboard sheets, again observing some nuances.
When installing a ceiling using Knauf technology, you must adhere to the main rule: the sheets are fixed across the supporting profile with screws at right angles. Before installation, the sheets must be processed in the area of the edge not covered with cardboard to remove the chamfer.
Installation of sheets is carried out with an assistant or using a special lifting mechanism. The sheets are fastened without joints, as already noted, in a checkerboard pattern or staggered. It is correct that the sheet be laid in the longitudinal direction without a gap, while in the transverse direction a small gap would form. Only in this case will it be possible to putty the joint in such a way as to obtain a perfectly even seam.
It must be taken into account that temperature changes will affect plasterboard surface ceiling - the sheets will expand and slightly deform. To avoid serious deformations, special expansion joints are installed in increments of 15 m.
So that the screws do not spoil finishing coating separated by caps, they are twisted with a slight immersion into the sheet to a depth of no more than 1 mm. The joints are sealed with reinforcing tape.
Designing and installing two-level ceilings in accordance with the described technology, it is recommended to increase the strength of the material through the use of finishing based on water-repellent compounds and putty mixtures.
The seams are masked using the following technology:
During installation suspended ceiling The main wishes of the homeowner are to ensure that the structure is strong, durable and attractive, and that the installation work does not take much time. Plasterboard ceilings using Knauf technology meet all these requirements. Let's look at all the features of this technology in this article.
Knauf is a German development. Its developer is the Tigi-Knauf company, which produces high-quality materials for construction and repair - various sheets of drywall, fasteners, profiles, etc.
Knauf is a variant of manufacturing suspended structures using plasterboard sheets, which are attached to a special suspended frame.
When assembling a frame for a suspended structure, the company recommends meeting the following requirements:
DIY ceiling frame Knauf technologies mounted using special profiles marked CD and UD.
The advantages of ceilings using Knauf technology include:
The only disadvantage of the technology in question is that when installing such a ceiling, the height of the room is significantly reduced. But this is a minus only in the case of small rooms; for large rooms with high ceilings on the contrary, this can be an advantage.
Work on installing the ceiling in question should be carried out during finishing work. In this case, all wet work must already be completed.
It is important to pre-level all vertical surfaces.
Creation is important for work room temperature and humidity. A room temperature below 10 degrees Celsius is not permissible for work.
Before you begin installing the ceiling, you need to prepare the following tools:
It will not be superfluous laser level, since the frame assembled using the technology in question has a large number of components, the location of which must be strictly level.
The materials you will need are drywall itself and frame elements - metallic profile or wooden beam.
When making a frame from a metal profile, two types of guides will be needed:
In relation to operating conditions, Knauf plasterboard can be of the following types:
Basically, the frame calculation is carried out taking into account standard sizes plasterboard 1.2 × 2.5 m and thickness 9.5 mm. However, the dimensions of drywall may vary.
The edge of plasterboard is mostly semicircular and thinned, but some sheets have a different edge (straight, with a cut corner, thinned, rounded with a one-sided chamfer or semicircular).
However, the first type of lump is the most technologically advanced. Each of the other non-standard edge types are designed to solve specific structural problems. For example, to mount corner projections.
Frame for stretch ceiling can be made using a Knauf metal profile or using wooden bars.
Suspended ceilings can be of 5 types:
Step-by-step advice from technology developers for those who want to do the work themselves.
More details:
To mark a ceiling mounted using Knauf technology, a conventional building level won't be enough. It is recommended to use a hydraulic level or laser device. You will also need to purchase paint strips.
Having placed marks in the corners of the room using a hydraulic level, they are connected to each other using a cord.
The profile is fastened under the intended line, and do not forget that the ceiling will drop by the width of the profile + a sheet of drywall. Therefore, you need to make calculations in advance so that the ceiling is not lowered too much.
On a note: When marking, you should determine the presence of electrical wiring on the walls and ceiling. The places where it is located are also marked so that the electrical wiring is not damaged during the installation of the profile.
After marking is completed, the guides, represented by a 27 by 28 mm profile, are secured. They are fixed to the wall using dowels 6 by 40 mm.
The main requirement for installing gypsum boards using Knauf technology is to fasten the sheets across the supporting profile. The screws must be screwed in at right angles. Previously, the edge of each sheet, not covered with cardboard, is processed to remove the chamfer.
The work is carried out with an assistant or a special one is used for this purpose. lifting mechanism. According to the rules, the sheets are fixed in a checkerboard pattern or staggered. In the longitudinal direction, the sheet must be laid without a gap; in the transverse direction, a small gap is formed. This is the only way to achieve a perfect seam after the gap has been filled.
It is important to take into account the possibility of temperature changes affecting the finishing surface, under the influence of which it can expand and deform. If you provide special expansion joints in increments of 15 cm, serious deformation will be excluded.
The self-tapping screws need to be screwed in so that they are immersed into the coating sheet by about 1 mm, so their caps will not be visible on the surface. Reinforcing tape is used to seal joints.
When designing and installing ceilings of the technology under consideration, which have two levels, it is necessary to make the material stronger by using finishing based on moisture-protective compounds and putty mixtures.
Seam masking is done as follows:
More details:
