We have already learned a lot about UAE. And now a little about politics. Yes, the topic is certainly very interesting, one might say, ticklish. Well, we all know for sure that the state is federal, consists of seven emirates, in a simple way, regions.
Regions, then regions, but not quite, are peculiar dwarf states, each with its own zest, an absolute monarchy is called, you know what it is? That's it. I suppose that, probably, each emirate has its own rules and laws, and each emirate has its own sheikh, well, what kind of chaos is it, then why is it one of the few states with such a low crime rate, here I am and I'll try to figure it out.
What kind of country is the UAE? The state as a state, ordinary. It is headed, as elsewhere, by the president, and concurrently by the emir of Abu Dhabi.
Abu Dhabi- the largest emirate in the UAE, is the capital of this country in general and the capital of the emirate of the same name in particular.
Yeah, it's clear, well, something like our Moscow, the largest and richest city. Clearly, who more money, he rules, as in the whole world.
Following, breathing into the back of the head, the emirate of Abu Dhabi comes to the fore a handsome man Dubai. Why, you ask. The answer is as simple as two and two. The trendsetter, Her Majesty Madame Oil, sets her own rules. Exactly black gold plays an important role in the distribution of political power in the country, respectively, the more reserves of this hydrocarbon in the territory of a certain emirate, the more power it has in the general life of the country. Therefore, the emir Dubai is the head of government of the UAE. In my understanding, this is like the prime minister in Russia, Putin and Medvedev, or vice versa Medvedev and Putin, or not, something is completely entangled in this political web, apparently you can’t figure it out without a bottle. Still, I'll try.
Emirates President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan was elected President of the Emirates on November 3, 2004.
After the death of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who served from the founding of the state on December 2, 1971 until his death on November 2, 2004, the Supreme Council was urgently assembled, safely transferring all the reins of government to other hands. In general, the president is elected every five years. The Vice President is also elected every five years. This position is currently held by Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, well, to what long names, you can’t pronounce it, but what noble faces it’s expensive to see, not like some of our politicians, “worker-peasant ryakhs”, who do not fit on the TV screen. I suggest that they also wear veils on their heads, you see, and life in the country will improve.
federal system government controlled in the country includes the following:
THE SUPREME COUNCIL, consisting of the rulers of each emirate, is the highest political body of the state, of course, not a simple employee to sit in the Supreme Council. As they say, one who is born to crawl will not fly. If any of the emirs cannot attend the council, falls ill or something else, the crown prince or deputy emir can be sent to the meeting instead, as if his eyes and ears, but they do not have a formal role, it's East, guys, and he is a delicate matter.
CABINET OF MINISTERS or the council of ministers, the executive body of the federation, headed by the prime minister. Well, this is all clear.
FEDERAL NATIONAL COUNCIL or Parliament. The structure includes somewhere around 40 people. It has both legislative and regulatory functions. There are nine women in the parliament, which is something incredible for a Muslim country. Has emancipation sunk into oblivion? I don’t know if it’s true or not, but the fact remains, you see, at such a pace, one of them will become president.
FEDERAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM. It is based on the constitution of the UAE, includes the supreme court and the courts of first instance.
In addition, each of the emirates has its own government.
At the moment, the most important principle of the UAE in conducting foreign policy is to provide assistance to peoples affected by natural Disasters And man-made disasters.
This strategy is being implemented through the Red Crescent Society, the Zayed Foundation, the Abu Dhabi Foundation, honor and praise for this to the UAE.
United Arab Emirates.
The name of the state is due to the name of the administrative-territorial units that form the federation.
Capital of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi.
United Arab Emirates Square. According to various calculations, the territory of the state occupies 77,830 km2 and 83,600 km2 (this is due to the fact that some sections of the borders passing along are not exactly marked).
Population of the United Arab Emirates. 2407 thousand people
Location of the United Arab Emirates. The UAE is a state in the West, in the southeast. In the north it is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf, in the east it borders on the sultanate, in the south - with, and in the west - with. Most of the country is a barren but oil-bearing desert.
Administrative divisions of the United Arab Emirates. The federation of the United Arab Emirates includes 7 emirates: Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ras al-Khaimah and Al-Fujairah, which used to be small settlements on the coast of the Persian Gulf.
Form of government of the United Arab Emirates. Federation of 7 subjects with a monarchical form of government.
Head of State of the UAE. President elected for a term of 5 years.
Supreme body of state power of the United Arab Emirates. Supreme Council emirs.
The supreme deliberative body of the United Arab Emirates. Federal National Council.
Supreme executive body of the United Arab Emirates. Council of Ministers.
Major cities in the United Arab Emirates. Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah and Al Fujairah.
State language of the United Arab Emirates. Arab.
Religion of the United Arab Emirates. The majority of the population professes.
Ethnic composition United Arab Emirates. 90% are Arabs, 6% are Indians.
Currency of the United Arab Emirates. Dirham = 100 fils.
and lakes of the United Arab Emirates. There are no permanent rivers.
Attractions of the United Arab Emirates. Art Nouveau architecture, exhibition, Kornichi shipyard, famous oriental bazaars, duty-free shops. ancient history emirates is reflected in numerous archeological monuments. In each of the capitals of the emirates there are palaces of rulers, old fortresses. Tourists are attracted by the ocean coast, it is especially beautiful in Fujairah.
Useful information for tourists
Women's clothing should be spacious, men are greeted with a slight bow, without shaking hands. married women cannot be taken by hand.
It is not customary to enter the house of an Arab with shoes on. If the owner walks ahead of you and enters in shoes himself, then this prohibition is lifted.
Arabs remember grievances for a long time. Revenge is elevated to the rank of art. Revenge may follow in a few decades.
Food and drink should be given and taken with the right hand. If there are no forks, then rinse with water right hand and take a pinch of food.
You can not pass in front of the worshipers. Never eat, drink, smoke or chew during Ramadan chewing gum on the streets and in in public places before sunset. Ramadan is the month of Muslim fasting, and disrespect for traditions can lead to a fine and even imprisonment.
In a Muslim country, it is necessary to establish mutual understanding with a partner. The meeting begins with a handshake, but at the same time it is necessary to look the partner in the eyes. During the greeting, you can not hold a cigarette in your other hand or a hand in your pocket. The conversation begins with questions about well-being, about the health of family members. The citizens of this country are not in a hurry, they do not like to take risks. Entrepreneurs are fluent in English, business documentation is drawn up in the same language.
DYNASTY OF SHEIKH UAE
All emirates are absolute monarchies. The only exception is Abu Dhabi, whose structure is close to a constitutional monarchy. The country, which is a federal union of monarchies, has been a member of the UN since 1971 and the League of Arab States, the Organization of the Islamic Conference, the Non-Aligned Movement, etc.
As follows from the very name of this amazing state, its structure is very original. The territory of the UAE is divided into seven emirates, each of which is ruled by its own dynasty of monarchs. One of them receives the post of President of the United Arab Emirates during the next elections. And although theoretically in place political leader any of the seven sheikhs can turn out to be, and therefore it is never possible to predict exactly who will become the next head of state, most often the ruler of the emirate of Abu Dhabi becomes the president of the UAE.
The ruler of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi until recently was the President, His Highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who belonged to the Abu Falah dynasty. Representatives of this family have ruled Abu Dhabi since the founding of the emirate, that is, since 1761.
Sheikh Zayed, the 14th Nahyan ruler, was born in Jahili (Treaty Oman) in 1916 or 1918. This data comes from various sources; the exact date of birth of the head of Abu Dhabi is not known at all, because at that time the Bedouins simply did not record the time of birth of their children. The ruler of the emirate is the youngest of the four sons of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan, who was the head of the emirate in 1922-1926 (the father of the future UAE president was killed by his own brother Saqr). After the death of Zayed bin Sultan, his sons had to hide with their relatives for two years, wandering from oasis to oasis. The brothers were able to “come out of the underground” only after Saqr himself repeated the fate of Zaid bin Sultan, dying a violent death. Then Zayed's older brother, Sheikh Shakhbut (reigned until 1966) came to power.
Sheikh Zayed began to engage in state affairs in 1946, when he received the post of governor of Al Ayin district. And 20 years later, on August 6, he replaced his brother as ruler of the emirate. On December 2, 1971, this representative of the Abu Falah dynasty was elected president of the federal state; Sheikh Zayed has been re-elected every five years since then. The permanent head of the Emirates enjoyed great popularity among the population. Only in one capital there were about a thousand of his portraits! The largest image of the president had an area of just under 500 square meters. November 3, 2004 Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahyan passed away.
The ruler of the emirate of Abu Dhabi had four wives. True, according to Western sources, Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahyan was married nine times, but in accordance with the requirements of Islam, he never had more than four spouses at the same time. The most prominent role in the life of the United Arab Emirates is played by one of them - Fatima bint Mubarak, president of the UAE Women's Society. Sheikh Zayed raised 19 (!) sons who currently occupy high government positions or lead own business. Interestingly, the President of the Emirates, himself left without education, forced members of his large family to finish best universities peace.
In 1833, territories owned by two representatives of the Abu Falah dynasty separated from Abu Dhabi. It was then that the emirate of Dubai was born; the formed new dynasty, which headed this state, began to bear the name of al-Maktoum. Today, the head of the ruling family of Dubai is His Highness Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum. He is also "part-time" Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates. The duties of the Minister of Defense of the UAE are performed by the Crown Prince of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. By the way, the monarch of Dubai traditionally becomes the head of the government of the UAE.
As for the emirate of Sharjah, the al-Hasimi dynasty ruling in it builds its family straight to ... the prophet Muhammad! At the moment, the head of this clan is His Highness Sheikh Sultan III bin Muhammad al-Hasimi.
The heads of the emirate of Ajman are representatives of the Abu Hurayban and al-Nuaimi dynasties; today, His Highness Sheikh Huamid bin Rashid al-Nuaimi is in charge of the country.
Ras al-Khaimah is ruled by representatives of the same family as the rulers of the emirate of Sharjah, namely the al-Hasimi dynasty. This is not surprising, especially considering that in the past this emirate was repeatedly part of Sharjah. The current representative of the ruling dynasty of Ras Al Khaimah is His Highness Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammed Al Hasimi.
Umm al-Qaiwain is ruled by the al-Ali (also called al-Mualla) dynasty. head ruling house today is His Highness Sheikh Rashid III bin Ahmed al-Mualla.
And finally, the emirate of Fujairah. Actually, its territory until 1952 was part of the emirate of Sharjah and only then gained independence and its own ruling family- al-Sharqi. Today, Fujairah is led by His Highness Hamad bin Mohammed al-Sharqi.
And the tradition of electing the ruler of Abu Dhabi to the presidency was not interrupted. On the day of the death of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan, the Council of the Arab Emirates proclaimed the most likely candidate for this position as the new president of the federation of monarchies: the eldest son and heir of the deceased. The new President of the UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi, 56-year-old Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, served as Deputy Prime Minister of the UAE and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the country before his election as head of state. In addition, Sheikh Khalifa has been in charge of defense and finance in Abu Dhabi and has served in the emirate as chairman of the Investment Council, the Arab economic development And Supreme Council for oil.
In ancient times, the emirates that are part of the UAE were part of Oman, but at the same time they all enjoyed considerable independence. Both during the reign of the Achaemenids (VI century BC), and during the existence of the Sassanid state (III-VI centuries AD), and later, when the Arab Caliphate was formed, these territories were under the control of the local nobility. In the middle of the VIII - the middle of the IX centuries AD. e. the emirates of Sharjah and Dubai managed to achieve some independence, but the Abbasids quickly returned everything to normal, again taking the lands of both emirates under their hand. At a later time, the interests of Iran, Turkey, Portugal, other states, and Wahhabis clashed on the territory of Sharjah and Dubai.
Under the rule of Portugal, in particular, the Persian and Omani Gulfs fell in the years 1500-1650. Actually, none other than the famous Vasco da Gama paved the way for this country to “happy Arabia”. But later, the Portuguese were ousted from the territory of the modern emirates: in 1600-1773, the region had to go through the era of the trade and colonial expansion of the British East India Company.
By that time, relatively independent sheikhdoms had already emerged on the coast of the Persian Gulf, and Oman had become a large and influential state. Then, in the middle of the 18th century, Yemeni tribes appeared on the territory of the modern emirate of Abu Dhabi, which were members of the Bani Yas confederation. "Aliens" populated the oases of Silva and Liva, and then occupied the coastal zone. The tribes were headed by a sheikh from the Nahyan family - a direct ancestor of the current head of the emirate. The rate of this ruler was the island of Abu Dhabi, on which in 1761 a town with the same name was built. Since then, the Nahyan dynasty has not been interrupted for more than two and a half centuries; its representatives succeed each other on the throne of the emirate of Abu Dhabi.
From the end of the 18th century political life emirates became very tense and intense, although the range of problems did not please with its diversity. The fact is that the local population began to conflict with the English East India Company; each side fought for a leading role in the transportation of goods in the Persian Gulf. Especially strong resistance to the attempts of the British to establish control over maritime trade was put up by the Arab tribes who settled the north coast of the Persian Gulf. Since at that time there were almost regular attacks on the company's ships, the entire area of the emirates with light hand dissatisfied with this situation, the British received an unflattering name - the Pirate Coast. It became official name of the entire region and in this form appeared on English maps.
IN early XIX century the territory of the emirates on a short time managed to capture the Wahhabis; the new owners of the coast declared a holy war against the British. Between 1804 and 1808, subjects of the British crown and their allies, the Muscats, constantly waged fighting against the tribes that inhabited the Pirate Coast. In 1809, the British managed to emerge victorious in a clash with the Wahhabist fleet and bombard the city of Ras al-Khaimah from the sea. But five years later, the Wahhabis regained their advantage in this region, after which they blocked all approaches to the Persian Gulf for another two years.
Finally, in 1820, the East India Company still managed to find mutual language with sheikhs of local tribes. This happened after England, taking advantage of the fact that the forces of the Wahhabis were concentrated against the Egyptian army, leading a land offensive, in 1819 destroyed the enemy fleet and still burned Ras al-Khaimah. A year later, the parties came to an agreement and signed the "General Treaty of Peace", according to which the British got the opportunity to control this problem area. New agreements of 1835, 1838-1839, 1847 only strengthened the position of the British in the Persian Gulf. At the same time, it was decided to divide ancient Oman into the Imamat of Oman, the Sultanate of Muscat and the Pirate Coast, which in 1853, after the sheikhs of Ras al-Khaimah, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ajman, Dubai and Abu Dhabi signed the “Treaty on Permanent Maritime world”, was named Oman Negotiated.
During the Second World War, the sheikhs did not take part in the hostilities. However, they provided significant military benefits to Great Britain, for which the latter, after the end of the war, raised the status of these territories, making them emirates (principalities). True, one of the emirates, Kalba, which became part of Sharjah, was abolished at the same time. At the same time, in fact, the process of integrating the emirates into the federation began. At the meetings of 1945, 1950-1951, the heads of the emirates discussed the issues of unification of the police forces, the monetary system and the customs administration. Local armed forces to protect the personnel of oil companies were created in 1951. A year later, the Council of the Trucial States, headed by a British political agent, and the Development Fund of the Trucial States began to function in Dubai. The creation of these two institutions laid the foundation for the future federation of monarchies.
However, the internal political situation in the region could not be called problem-free. Between the emirates, border conflicts broke out every now and then. Abu Dhabi and Dubai were especially distinguished in this sense, between which serious clashes took place in 1947-1949. External border conflicts, often caused by the economic interests of Western monopolies, did not stop either. Thus, the stumbling block was the oasis of El Bureimi, to which since the 19th century the heads of Abu Dhabi, Oman and Saudi Arabia. The question was that the lands of the ill-fated oasis turned out to be oil-bearing. As a result, until 1955, control over El Bureimi belonged to Saudi Arabia, and only then, after the failure of negotiations, the armed forces of Abu Dhabi and Oman, supported by the British, took possession of the oasis.
In the late 50s of the last century, large oil reserves were discovered in Abu Dhabi. In 1962, the extraction of “black gold” was organized in the emirate and the export of raw materials to Europe and America was established. As a result, in a few years, a very modest emirate turned into a great oil-producing state in the Middle East. In 1966, oil fields were discovered in Dubai, and in 1973 - in Sharjah and other emirates.
The discovery of oil only exacerbated the already unfavorable political situation in the country. An anti-imperialist movement unfolded in the emirates; in 1962, the emir of Sharjah gave a concession for the extraction of "black gold" to an American company, which, of course, did not please the British. The Sheikh of Ras al-Khaimah also followed the example of his colleague. In October 1964, both monarchs, bypassing the British authorities, agreed to accept an Arab League commission. The British could not ignore such a move and ordered the arrest of the ruler of Sharjah, Sheikh Saqr ibn Sultan al-Qasimi (1925-1993). The Emir was declared deposed, and an attempt was made on the life of the monarch of Ras al-Khaimah. But the British themselves were forced to think about how to prevent further interference of the League of Arab States in the affairs of the emirates.
In 1965, at the initiative of London, Dubai hosted the first meeting of the seven emirates that were part of Trucial Oman. The participants considered 15 major economic projects aimed at the development of territories. In 1968, Great Britain officially announced that in the near future it intended to withdraw from the zones east of the Suez Canal, transferring power in the emirates to local rulers. Already in the same year, the heads of nine British mandated territories (the seven emirates of Trucial Oman, Qatar and Bahrain) gathered for a meeting in Abu Dhabi. Participants discussed the possibility of creating a federation of monarchies after the British actually left the region. But Qatar and Bahrain subsequently decided to declare independence and refuse to join the union.
The Emirates finally got rid of British rule on December 1, 1971, when Great Britain announced the renunciation of its rights to the territories located on the coast of the Persian Gulf. After the British protectorate over Treaty Oman became a thing of the past, these lands finally gained full independence. And the very next day, December 2, the six newly formed states united to form the UAE. The seventh emirate, Ras al-Khaimah, became part of the new entity a year later - on February 16, 1972.
The head of the largest and richest of the seven members of the UAE - Abu Dhabi - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahyan, who came to power on August 6, 1966 in a bloodless coup, played a central role in the process of unification of the emirates. He took the place of the previously ruling emir - Sheikh Shakhbut, his elder brother, who was deposed as a result of the decision of the sheikhs of the Nahyan clan. Shahbut, who managed to raise the economy of the state, turned out to be an extremely intractable person and implacable pride in matters of foreign policy. He managed to spoil relations with the government of Dubai, because of which a real internecine war began between the emirates; quarreled with the British, violating the agreement on oil development; handed over part of the fishing grounds to the Americans. In addition, the sheikh cared little for the impoverished existence that his subjects still dragged out: he did not know how to properly use the oil wealth and feared that improving the living conditions of the people would undermine the foundations of the monarchy. In addition, this representative of the Abu Fala family, constantly at war with a neighbor, kept most of his funds not in a bank, but in the palace at hand - in case of buying weapons and hiring soldiers. But one day, far from perfect, it turned out that rats had profited from the banknotes. Whether this is true is unknown. But family council really removed the sheikh from his high post and solemnly retired him, leaving Zayd al-Nahyan to correct the mistakes of his predecessor.
Having come to power, Sheikh Zayed made a policy statement: “If Allah has blessed us with his gifts, then the first thing we should do to please and thank him is to direct wealth to transform the country and create good for the people. We will build a society with housing, food, health care and education." And the president kept this promise, turning the impoverished outskirts of the British Empire into a modern prosperous state, the standard of living of which is one of the highest in the world. Moreover, al-Nahyan did it in record time.
The rulers of Abu Dhabi and Dubai became the initiators of the unification of the emirates and the creation of an independent federation of monarchies. On February 18, 1968, Zayed ibn Sultan al-Nahyan and Rashid ibn Said al-Maktoum signed an agreement to that effect. Seven days later, the heads of the mandated territories discussed the possibility of creating a federal state, and on March 1, 1968, the creation of the Federation of the Arab Emirates was announced. But the monarchs were never able to agree on the definition of the role of their emirates in the new state. As a result, two groups emerged. One of the groups included the rulers of the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Fujairah, Sharjah, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ajman and Bahrain. They were opposed by the rulers of Dubai, Ras al-Khaimah and Qatar. At the same time, the rulers of Qatar and Bahrain, having a more developed economy and surpassing the rest of the emirates in terms of population, refused to recognize the equality of all members of the federation. So by the end of 1969, the FAE broke up. And two years later, Qatar and Bahrain declared themselves independent powers.
The heads of the emirates once again gathered for a meeting on July 18, 1971; then six of them voted for the creation of a new federation. Ras al-Khaimah initially refused to join the UAE because it did not receive the coveted veto power over nationwide decisions. In addition, this emirate was in conflict with Iran over the oil-rich islands of Greater and Lesser Tomb. The rest of the sheikhs did not want to commit themselves to Ras al-Khaimah, foreseeing that the confrontation with Iran could escalate into a military clash.
Appreciating the activities of Zayed al-Nahyan, the heads of the monarchies, who made up the Supreme Council of the UAE, elected the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi as the first president of the country. In 2001, this man was re-elected for the seventh (!) 5-year term of the presidency. This “political elder of the planet,” as the press called the President of the UAE, was inferior in political longevity only to Fidel Castro, but in age he really was a patriarch among the heads of state of the world. Zayed al-Nahyan really did a lot for his country, managing to boost its economy, developing international tourism and other areas of the economy, investing heavily in construction. The capital and many other cities were ennobled by order of the head of state: they brought fertile soil, planted palm trees and flowers (by the way, every bush and tree is irrigated with the help of special desalination plants!). In addition, the president was able to find compromises in resolving issues that are important for each of the emirates that were part of the federation.
Unfortunately, over the years, the health of the UAE leader began to deteriorate. Back in 1996, he underwent a complex neurosurgical operation on his spine (the president's problems began at the age of 10, when he unsuccessfully fell off a horse). Four years later, the emir had to go under the surgeon's knife again - now he needed an urgent kidney transplant. However, the mighty body of the monarch coped with such a shake-up and allowed Zayd al-Nahyan to again take the post of president of the country. But in 2004, the 86-year-old leader fell ill completely. Before his death, he did not appear in public for several weeks. It seems that the people of the UAE have not yet recovered from the shock they experienced after hearing the news of the death of the “father of the people”. After all, the sheikh, who actually made the Emirates the way they are today, was simply idolized during his lifetime. Accepting the legacy of such a person is simple and difficult at the same time. Simply - because things are left to them in exemplary order. It is hard - because it is impossible to compete with a person who has managed to do so much for the country. But the new president of the UAE is not without reason the son of the "legend" of the Emirates. And if Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahyan inherited at least some of the abilities and longevity from his parent, a great future awaits him ...
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Officially, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, Commander-in-Chief of the UAE Armed Forces.
In fact, the emir of Abu Dhabi, the president of the UAE.
Third son of Sheikh Zayed. An interesting point is that he and Khalifa are stepbrothers. Khalifa was born to his first wife, Hassa bint Mohammed ibn Khalifa. Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed was born to his third wife, Fatima bint Mubarak Al-Ketbi.
Sheikhini Fatima bint-Mubarak Al-Ketbi had only 6 sons: Mohammed, Hamdan, Hazza, Tanun, Mansur and Abdullah. They are called "Bani Fatima" or "sons of Fatima" and form the most powerful bloc in the Al Nahyan family.
The sons of Fatima have always been influential, some political scientists even assign them a leading role in the changes in Abu Dhabi that have taken place since 2004. They received full power only in 2014, when Sheikh Khalifa had a stroke. Now it is difficult to say whether the vector of their domestic and foreign policy will change. Wait and see.
Mohammed bin Zayed went to school in Al Ain, then in Abu Dhabi. Entered Sandhurst Academy (UK) in 1979. Trained in military skills of piloting a helicopter, driving armored vehicles, parachuting. After returning from England, he underwent military training in Sharjah, became an officer in the UAE Armed Forces.
He was an officer in the Amiri Guards (an elite unit), a pilot in the UAE Air Force, and eventually became the Commander-in-Chief of the UAE Armed Forces.
In 2003, he was proclaimed the second Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi. After the death of his father on November 2, 2004, he became crown prince. Since December 2004, Chairman of the Executive Council of Abu Dhabi, member of the Supreme Petroleum Council.
So far, world leaders and political scientists are eyeing Sheikh Mohammed. It is known that he believes that the UAE should play a much larger role in world politics. He loves falconry, like his father. He is interested in poetry and writes poetry himself in the Nabati style.
The third wife of Sheikh Zayed, the mother of six of his sons, including Crown Prince Mohammed (the de facto ruler of Abu Dhabi and President of the UAE).
This woman played a big role in UAE politics during the reign of her husband Sheikh Zayed and remains very influential to this day. She is called the "Mother of the Nation".
The exact date of her birth is unknown. She was probably born in the mid-40s. In the 60s, she married Zaid Al-Nahyan, becoming his third wife.
In 1973, she founded the Abu Dhabi Women's Awakening Society, the first women's public organization in the UAE. In 1975, she created and headed the Main Women's Union of the UAE. The main sphere of interest of these organizations was education, because at that time girls in the UAE did not study at all. In 2004, Fatima facilitated the appointment of the first female minister.
Now she still heads the Main Women's Union, the Supreme Council for Motherhood and Childhood, the Family Development Foundation and several other organizations. And this despite the advanced age! Naturally, Fatima has a gigantic influence on the politics of Sheikh Mohammed and the affairs of Bani Fatima.
The emirate of Dubai is ruled by the Al Muktum family.
Ruling Emir (officially since January 4, 2006, actually since January 3, 1995), Prime Minister and Vice President of the UAE since February 11, 2006.
Sheikh Mohammed is called the "Architect of Modern Dubai". This is a very versatile educated person and is now the most famous leader in the UAE.
Mohammed became the third son of the ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Rashid ibn Said Al Muktum. His mother Lafita was the daughter of the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Hamadan ibn Zayed Al Nahyan. As a child, Muhammad received both a secular and a traditional Islamic education. In 1966 (at the age of 18) he studied in the UK at the Mons Cadet Corps and in Italy as a pilot.
In 1968, Mohammed attended his father's meeting with Sheikh Zayed at Argoub el Sedira, where the rulers of Dubai and Abu Dhabi agreed on the imminent establishment of the UAE. After the formation of the UAE, he was the Minister of Defense and the head of the police in Dubai.
On October 7, 1990, Mohammed's father and ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Rashid ibn Said, died. Power passed to the eldest son - Sheikh Muktum ibn Rashid, who was very fond of equestrian sports, was an excellent athlete, but did not reach for politics and government.
On January 4, 1995, Muktum ibn Rashid appoints Mohammed as crown prince and, in fact, transfers power to him in the emirate of Dubai. On January 4, 2006, Muktum ibn Rashid died of heart attack, Mohammed bin Rashid becomes the official ruler of Dubai.
The list of achievements of Muhammad ibn Rashid is huge. He diversified the economy of Dubai, now oil revenues account for only 4% of the emirate's GDP, Dubai has become a shopping mecca, second only to London, the largest trading and financial center.
With his support or on his initiative, the following have been created: Burj Al Arab, the Emirates airline, the Palm and World artificial islands, the world's largest artificial harbor Jebel Ali, the Dubai Internet City zone and hundreds of other projects.
He became famous for his raids on enterprises, where he personally checked whether employees were in their places, and fired those who were absent. Sheikh Mohammed ibn Rashid is famous for his intolerance of corruption, and hundreds of officials were imprisoned for his rule, convicted of taking bribes and using their position for personal gain.
Now (note: the article was written at the end of 2017) he is already 68 years old, but he is full of energy and successfully implements his plan for the development of Dubai until 2021. He recently took part in the Arab Strategic Forum, and you can’t say that he is 68.
