German text level A1 - Mein Wochenende.
Mein Wochenende. Am Samstag waren wir im Wald. Wir sind mit dem Fahrrad gefahren und dann sind wir ins Schwimmbad gegangen. Im Schwimmbad haben wir viel gebaden. Nach dem Schwimmbad haben wir den Orangensaft getrunken. Am Abend hat meine Frau einen Kuchengebacken. Wir haben den Kuchen gegessen. Mein Sohn liebt den Kuchen. Nach dem Abendessen haben wir mit dem Ball gespielt.
Das ist mein Wochenende!
My weekend. On Saturday we were in the forest. We rode bicycles and then we went to the pool. We swam a lot in the pool. After the pool we drank orange juice. In the evening my wife baked a cake. We ate it. My son loves pie very much. After dinner we played ball. This is my weekend!
German language test level A1 Lesson 1 - 5
Choose a test and find out your result:
Tests consist of 10 questions on each topic. After passing the test, you will immediately know your result. Correct answers will be marked green tick, and wrong answers will be marked red cross. This will help you consolidate the material and practice. Good luck to you.
Ein junger Hase - (One) young hare
The text will be written in German with a parallel LITERAL translation into Russian.
Ein kleines Tier wohnt in einem märchenhaften Wald.
Das Tier ist ein junger Hase.
Der liebt oft in einer kleinen und schönen Stadt spazierengehen.
Dieser Hase heißt Doni und er ist sehr nett.
Seine Frau ist auch sehr schön und jung.
Aber in diem Märchen sprechen wir über den Hase Doni.
Doni hat ein altes, schönes und gemütliches Häuschen. Auch fährt er gern mit seinem Fahrradum den Wald herum. Am Wochenende möchte er in diese Stadt fahren, um ein schönes und kleines Fahrrad für sich zu kaufen.
Er hat schon ein altes Fahrrad, trotzdem will er ein neues.
Normaleweise fährt er durch den Wald oder den Park.
Dieser Park liegt entlang den Wald.
Neben dem Parkgibt es einen großen Markt.
Auf diesem Markt kauft er viele Möhren für seine kleine Familie.
Wahrscheinlich geht er auch am Samstag auf diesen Markt zu Fuß oder mit seinem alten Fahrrad.
Aber muss er zuerst in d…
In German, the verb (verb) sein can be called the main one. With its help, tenses and other language constructions, as well as idioms, are built. German verb. sein in its functionality is an analogue of the English verb. to be. It has the same meaning and also changes its form when conjugated.
German verb. sein as an independent verb. in its full lexical meaning is translated as "to be". In the present tense (Präsens) it is conjugated like this:
Singular (singular)
Ic h (I) - bin (is)
Du (you) - bist (is)
Er / sie / es (he / she / it) - ist (is)
plural (plural)
Wir (we) - sind (is)
Ihr (you) - seid (is)
Sie / sie (you / they) - sind (is)
In the past incomplete tense (Präteritum) it is conjugated like this:
Singular (singular)
Ich (I) - war (was / was)
Du (you) - warst (was / was)
Er / sie / es (he / she / it) - war (was / was / was)
plural (plural)
Wir (we) - waren (were)
Ihr (you) - wart (were)
Sie / sie (you / they) - waren (were)
The third form of the verb sein - gewesen is not conjugated.
By its structure, a German sentence cannot exist without a verb, in the case of the verb sein, when translating, we do not always translate it.
For example: Ich bin der Zahnarzt und meine Ehefrau ist die Deutschlehrerin. I am a dentist and my wife is a German teacher.
Heute sind sehr viele Program in diesem Gebiet. - Today there are a lot of programs in this area.
We can use the German verb. sein in twelve different shades:
- 1. when indicating (indicative) the quality, condition or status of someone or something: Das Wetter ist gut. - Good weather. Meine Mutter ist die Hausfrau. - My mother a housewife.
- 2. at the decree. and the location or location of someone or something: Weißt du, wo meine Schlüssel sind? Do you know where my keys are?
- 3. at the decree. the time and place of someone's event: Weißt du noch, wann die erste Mondlandung war? Do you know when the first moon landing was?
- 4. + zu + Infinitiv when indicated. to the fact that something must happen or something needs to be done: Die Rechnung ist innerhalb von 5 Tagen zu überweisen. – The invoice must be paid within 5 days.
- 5. + zu + Infinitiv when indicated. to the fact that something else can be done (taking into account spiritual, physical or material factors): Diese Schachpartie ist noch zu gewinnen. This game of chess can still be won.
- 6. (gerade) bei etw./am + substantiviertem Infinitiv at dict. to the fact that someone is doing something right now: Er ist gerade dabei, das Fahrrad zu reparieren. He is now repairing a bicycle.
- 7. at the decree. to the fact that someone or something comes from a certain place: Ich komme aus der Ukraine. - I'm from Ukraine.
- 8. at the decree. to the fact that something came from someone: Ich weiß nicht, von wem diese Blumen sind. I don't know who these flowers are from.
- 9. at the decree. to a positive or negative attitude towards someone or something: Monika ist dafür, dass wir heute eine Party machen. - Monica for (she likes) that we are having a party tonight. Ich bin gegen diesen Ausflug. I am against this campaign.
— 10. upon notification that someone is no longer alive: Seine Frau ist nicht mehr. “His wife is no more.
- 11. when referring to someone's condition: Ich muss ausgehen, mir ist schlecht. - I need to go out, I'm sick.
- 12. when indicating one's attitude to something: Nach so viel Stress war mir nicht nach Feiern. - After such stress, I was not up to the celebrations.
In addition to the fact that the German verb. sein is used as an independent, it can perform the function of an auxiliary verb. to form the past tense forms Perfekt and Plusquamperfekt.
When forming the past complete tense (Perfekt), sein, as an auxiliary verb. conjugates in the present tense and is in second place in a simple preposition, and the perfect participle of the main verb. stands at the very end: Gestern bin ich nach München gefahren. – Yesterday I went to Munich.
Auxiliary verb. sein forms Perfect only with verbs denoting movement, change of state, as well as exceptions: sein (to be), werden (to stand), bleiben (to stay), begegnen (to meet), gelingen (to be obtained), misslingen (to not be obtained), geschehen (to happen), passieren (to happen).
When forming the past complete tense (Perfekt), sein, as an auxiliary verb. conjugates in the past tense Präteritum and is in second place in a simple sentence, and the perfect participle of the main verb. stands at the very end: Sie waren seit langem nach Belgien umgezogen. They moved to Belgium a long time ago.
With additional explanations.
What you can do after this lesson:
What is your name, what do you do (study, work, retired), where do you live, how old are you
Use those phrases that Germans often use in their daily life
The German language has the following pronouns:
Iron rule of the German language: All verbs in German always have a stem plus the ending -en or just -n
Wohnen (live)
denken (to think)
heißen (to name, to be called)
lernen (to teach)
studieren (to study)
verdienen (earn)
arbeiten (to work)
kommen (come, come)
sprechen (to speak)
speichern (save, save)
In order to correctly put the verb in the desired form, for example, the verb “to live” is wohnen, and to say “he lives”, and not “he lives”, you need to remove this ending -en and, depending on the pronoun, add the following endings to the stem verb:
Ich wohn + e - I live
Du wohn + st - you live
Er, sie, es wohn + t - he, she, it lives
Wir wohn + en - we live
Ihr wohn + t - you live
Sie, sie wohn + en - You live, they live
The verb “think” that is often used in life is denken:
Ich denk + e - I think
Du denk + st - do you think
Er, sie, es denk + t - he, she, it thinks
Wir denk + en - we think
Ihr denk + t - you think
Sie, sie denk+en - Do you think they think
The verb heißen is to name, to be called (the letter ß is read as "ss"). Without it, you can not introduce yourself or ask what this or that object is called. It changes a little against the rules, but at this stage you just need to remember it.
Ich heiße - my name is
Du heißt - your name is
Er, sie, es heißt - his, her name; it is called
Wir heißen - we are called
Ihr heißt - your name is
Sie, sie heißen - Your name is; their names
Iron rule of the German language: VERB always comes in 2nd place!
Exercise 1.
Ich heiss _______ Peter. (heißen - to name, to be called)
Ich lern _______ Deutsch. (lernen - to teach)
Ich wohn _______ in Moscow. (wohnen - to live; in Moskau - in Moscow)
Ich studier _________ nothing. (studieren - to teach, to study, nicht - not)
Ich verdien _______ gut. (verdienen - to earn, gut - good)
Aber ich arbeit ________ viel. (aber - but; arbeiten - work; viel - a lot)
Mein Freund komm ________ aus Deutschland. (mein Freund - my friend; kommen - come, come; aus Deutschland - from Germany)
Er heiss _______ Richard.
Er arbeit _________ hier auch. (also - also)
Er wohn _________ in Moscow.
Exercise 2.
Ihr lern _______ Deutsch.
Wir studier _______ viel.
Duwohn __________ in Moscow.
Ihr studier _________ zusammen. (zusammen - together)
Sie (she) lern _______ hier.
Er arbeit _______ dort. (dort - there)
Die Gruppe arbeit ________ zusammen. (die Gruppe - group)
You may have noticed that some of the words in the exercises are capitalized.
Iron rule of the German language: All nouns are capitalized.
Now let's add your age to this. We confine ourselves to those numerals that are most often used in life.
To the numerals, we add another very important verb sein in German - “to be”. An analogue of the English "to be". In Russian, a dash is often replaced or simply omitted.
Foreigners say:
I am a man. He is in the park. She is at home. We are in Kyiv. They are satisfied. I am sick. She is healthy.
We are speaking:
I'm a man. He (is) in the park. She (is) at home. We (are) in Kyiv. They (are) satisfied. I (are) ill. She (is) healthy.
The verb does not change according to the rules, you just need to remember:
With the verb sein you can talk about age:
Ich bin sechsundzwanzig(26) Jahre alt (literally "I am 26 years old") - I am 26 years old.
Er ist vierzig(40) Jahre alt - he is 40 years old.
Du bist zwanzig(20) Jahre alt - you are 20 years old.
Exercise 3. The verb sein (to be).
Ich _____ Student. (student)
Ich_____faul. (lazy)
Ich ______ nicht verheiratet. (verheiratet sein - to be married, to be married; nicht - not)
Sie _____ ledig. (ledig - unmarried, unmarried)
Der Text ______ schwer. (der Text - text, schwer - complex)
Der Platz hier _______ frei. (der Platz - place; hier - here; frei - free)
Wir_______ aus Moscow. (aus Moskau - from Moscow)
Das ______ ein Zimmer. (das Zimmer - room)
Das _______ die Leute. (die Leute - people)
Mein Name _______ Alexander. (mein Name - my name)
Du _______ mein Freund. (mein Freund is my friend)
Du______toll. (toll - super, class)
Ich ______ der Rentner. (der Rentner - retired)
Language support: http://speakasap.com/pomosh_v_nemeckom_yazyke.html ( [email protected])
Let's sum it up nicely:
You can already tell your name, where you live, where you work, where you come from, whether you earn well, whether you study or work, how old you are.
Phrases that Germans use with the verb sein:
Das ist toll! - it's great, class!
Das ist wunderbar! - this is amazing!
Das ist köstlich is delicious
Ich bin müde - I'm tired
Ich bin zufrieden - I am satisfied
Ich bin unzufrieden - I am unhappy
Ich bin satt - I'm full, I'm full
Ich bin fertig - I'm ready
The well-known phrase Das ist phantastisch! for 3 years of living in Austria and Germany, I have never heard from the lips of a German :)
Yes, and the Germans don't say arbEIten, they say Arbeiten with an accent on the first letter. This is how the knowledge of the German language reaches us a little distorted.
If you don't want to be deported or completely ignored in Germany, it's better not to shout out phrases like Hände hoch, nicht schießen, Hitler kaput at every corner, demonstrating your erudition :)
There is no correspondence to the German verb sein in Russian. It is used as an auxiliary verb to form past compound tenses in German (eg Perfekt) and also as a linking verb. Compare the following examples:
I am a student. Pine is a coniferous tree.
A Russian sentence can be formed without a verb. This is not possible in the German sentence:
Ich binStudent. Die Fichte ist ein Nadelbaum. A linking verb as part of a compound nominal predicate must be present.
Verb conjugations sein
Ich bin student. Wir sind Praktikanten.
Du best Lehrerin. Ihr seid Betreuer.
Er ist bauer. Sie sind
Erzieherinnen.
Sie ist Erztin.
Es ist kalt. Sie sind professoren.
Read more about the conjugation of the verb sein
1. Insert the appropriate form of the verb “sein”
1. Deutschland… ein Bundesstaat.
2. Wir … endlich in Berlin!
3. Sveta und Igor… Praktikanten.
4. Berlin … die Hauptstadt von Deutschland.
5. Hallo Nina! … du hier schon lange?
6. Die Ostsee und die Nordsee … die natürlichen Grenzen Deutschlands im Norden.
7. Die Währung von Deutschland … Euro.
8. Welche Länder … zurzeit in der Europäischen Union (EU)?
9. …ihr Betreuer oder auch Praktikanten?
10. Meine Gastfamilie …eine Bäckerfamilie.
2. Make sentences paying attention to the use of articles:
For example: Der Weizen ist eine Getreideart.
| Die Nelke | ist | getreideart |
| Das Schwein | ? | Blume |
| Die Kuh, das Rind | sind | Jungtiere |
| Die Tanne | Laubbaum | |
| Der Ahorn | Geflugel | |
| Das Ferkel, das Fohlen, das Kalb | Haustier | |
| Die Ente, das Huhn, die Gans | Nadelbaum | |
| Der Weizen, der Roggen, die Gerste | Haustiere |
3. Do you know the capitals? Continue suggestions:
1. Die Hauptstadt von Armenien ist ... .
2. Die Hauptstadt von Weißrussland ist ... .
3. Die Hauptstadt von Russland ist ... .
4. Die Hauptstadt von Kirgisien ist ... .
5. Die Hauptstadt von Kasachstan ist ... .
6. Die Hauptstadt von der Ukraine ist ... .
7. Die Hauptstadt von Moldawien ist ... .
8. Die Hauptstadt von Usbekistan ist ... .
→Kiew, Astana, Bischkek, Minsk, Taschkent, Moskau, Kischinau, Eriwan, Baku.
4. Ask 7-8 questions about the capitals and answer them using the negative. For example:
East London die Hauptstadt von Deutschland? – Nein, die Hauptstadt von Deutschland ist nicht London, Sondern Berlin.
5. Fill in the gaps in the dialogue by inserting the appropriate form of the verb "sein".
Claus: Robert, wo … du?
Robert:
Ich…hier! Aber ihr … nicht hier. Wo…ihr?
iris: Wir...hier!
Robert:
Nein, ihr… nothing da! Wo…ihr?
Claus:
Wir - Iris und ich - ... hier! Wo…du, Robert?
Robert:
Ich…hier! Ich finde euch nothing! Wo…ihr?
iris: Hier! Wir...hier!
Robert: Na endlich! Da…ihr ja!
The most common German verbs are the verbs "haben - to have, to have at the disposal" and "sein - to exist, to be, to be." A feature of these verbs is that when used in German speech, they do not necessarily carry a semantic load. In addition to being used in their usual lexical meaning, they are used as auxiliary verbs that serve in German to form tense forms of the verb and other constructions. In this case, they do not have their usual dictionary meaning, and the lexical meaning is conveyed by the semantic verb, with which they form the corresponding grammatical construction.
Similar topics:
Verbs HABENand SEIN refer to irregular, in other words, irregular verbs of the German language, therefore their formation must be remembered: it is not subject to any template rules for the formation of verb forms. The three main forms inherent in the German verb, they also form in a very peculiar way:
1st form: infinitive (indefinite form) = Infinitiv
2nd form: imperfect / preterite (past simple) = Imperfekt / Präteritum
3rd form: Participle II (participle II) = Partizip II
1 - haben / 2 - hatte / 3 - gehabt
1 - sein / 2 - war / 3 - gewesen
German verb conjugation HABEN, SEIN in Präsens (present), Indikativ (indicative)
|
Singular, 1-3 person |
Plural, 1-3 person |
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German verb conjugation HABEN, SEIN in Präteritum (past simple), Indikativ (indicative)
|
Singular, 1-3 person |
Plural, 1-3 person |
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The verb SEIN is also called a linking verb. He received this name because, since the verb in the German sentence plays a primary role in the construction of the syntactic construction and its presence in the sentence is mandatory, then in cases where the verb is not present in the sentence, it takes its place and links the sentence into a single whole. This is not natural for the Russian language, so this rule must be firmly grasped. For example:
Thus, in German sentences of this kind, the linking verb SEIN must be present. At the same time, it is not translated into Russian.
Now consider the use of the two main verbs of the German language as auxiliary in the formation of tense verb forms - the past compound tenses Perfekt and Plusquamperfekt, and the principle of choosing an auxiliary verb equally applies to both indicative (Indikativ) and subjunctive mood (Konjunktiv). When used in this function, the choice of the verb is essential HABENor SEIN to build a certain grammatical structure, which is dictated by the semantic features of the semantic verb and some of its other characteristics.
|
Choice HABEN |
SEIN selection |
| 1. For intransitive verbs that do not denote any movement in space or time, movement or transition from one state to another | 1. For intransitive verbs that denote any movement in space, movement |
| 2. For verbs that denote a long, extended state in time | 2. For intransitive verbs that denote a transition from one state to another |
| 3. For transitive verbs, which, accordingly, require a direct object in the accusative case after themselves * | 3. The verb SEIN itself in its usual lexical meaning "to be, to be, to exist" |
| 4. For reflexive verbs that are used with the particle sich and denote an orientation (return) to the acting person (subject) | 4. For a number of verbs that always form temporary forms with SEIN and which need to be remembered: “become - werden”, “succeed - gelingen”, “meet - begegnen”, “stay - bleiben”, “happen, occur - passieren, geschehen » |
| 5. For modal verbs: “should = be obliged to smth. do - sollen", "should = be forced to sth.-l. do - müssen", "want, like, love - möchten", "wish, want - wollen", "have the right, permission to smth., be able - dürfen", "be able, be able, be able - können" | |
| 6. For impersonal verbs used in impersonal sentences and denoting various natural phenomena (precipitation, etc.). | |
| 7. The verb HABEN itself in its usual lexical meaning "to have, possess, own" |
* Here it is very important to always take into account the fact that the property of transitivity / intransitivity of Russian and German verbs when translated within a given language pair does not coincide in all cases, so you should always check (if there is no firm certainty) the control of the verb in the dictionary.
Consider the choice and use of verbs HABENor SEIN as supporting examples. All examples are given in the indicative mood.
(1) Nach der Gesellschafterversammlung hat er sich ganz schnell von seinen Kollegen verabschiedet. - After the meeting of the founders, he very quickly said goodbye to his colleagues. (Here we have an intransitive verb, in its semantics, has nothing to do with movement or movement, so the Perfect form is formed using "haben").
(2) Gestern hatte er über drei Stunden am Nachmittag geschlafen, was ihn wieder gesund und munter machte. Yesterday he slept more than three hours in the afternoon, which made him healthy and alert again. (The verb of continuous state is used in Plusquamperfekt with "haben").
(3) Anlässlich unseres letzten Aufenthaltes in Holland haben wir endlich unsere Freunde in Amsterdam besucht und ihre Kinder kennengelernt. – During our last stay in Holland, we finally visited our friends in Amsterdam and met their children. (Both verbs are transitive and form the Perfect with "haben").
(4) Dein Sohn hatsich immer sämtlichen Forderungen der Erwachsenen und allen möglichen festgelegten Regeln widersetzt. “Your son always resisted and did not comply with all the requirements of adults and all sorts of rigidly established rules. (The choice of the verb "haben" for the formation of the form Perfect is due to the recurrence of the semantic verb).
(5) Ehrlich gesagt ist es immer mein Wunschbuch gewesen. Ich habe aber immer gewollt es zu lesen und nie gelesen. “Honestly, I have always wanted this book. However, I always wanted to read it and never read it. (The modal verb forms the Perfect with "haben").
(6) Erinnerst du dich an den Tag im Juni 1978, an welchem es richtig geschneit hat? Do you remember that day in June 1978 when the real snow started falling? ("Haben" is chosen as an auxiliary verb to form the Perfekt form, since we are dealing here with an impersonal verb).
(7) Ich habe nie ein eigenes Zimmer gehabt. “I never had my own room. (The semantic verb "haben" forms Perfect with the auxiliary verb "haben").
(1) In diese gemütliche Dreizimmerwohnung sind wir vor drei Jahren eingezogen. We moved into this cozy three-room apartment three years ago. (The verb of motion forms the Perfect form with "sein").
(2) Am Ende dieses sehr schönen und eblebnisvollen Tages ist das kind sofort eingeschlafen. - At the end of this wonderful and very eventful day, the child immediately fell asleep. (The choice of the verb "sein" for the formation of the form Perfect is due to the semantics of the semantic verb, which conveys the transition from one state to another).
(3) Sie haben mich mit jemandem verwechselt. Vorgestern war ich hier nothing gewesen. (Plusquamperfekt of the verb "sein" requires it as an auxiliary verb).
(4) a) Das ist unbegreiflich, dass uns so was passiert ist. “It is incomprehensible that something like this could happen to us. (One of those verbs that always form Perfect and Plusquamperfekt with the verb "sein").
b) Gestern ist es dir richtig gut gelungen, alle unangenehmen Fragen ausweichend zu beantworten. “Yesterday you were really lucky to avoid direct answers to all the unpleasant questions. (This verb always requires "sein" as an auxiliary.)
in) Seine Schwester hatte das unangenehme Gefühl, dass ihr jemand ständig gefolgtwar. – His sister had an unpleasant feeling that someone was constantly following her = she was constantly being followed by someone. (With this verb, "sein" is always used as an auxiliary).
G) Dieser Junge ist mutterseelenallein geblieben, als er noch ganz klein war. - This boy was left alone in the wide world, when he was still very small. (With this verb, "sein" is always used as an auxiliary).
e) In der Schwimmhalle war sie zufällig ihrer alten Schulfreundin begegnet. In the pool, she accidentally met her old school friend. (With this verb, "sein" is always used as an auxiliary).
e) was nothing Geschehenist, ist nothing Geschehen. – What didn’t happen didn’t happen. (With this verb, “sein” is always used as an auxiliary).
There are a number of verbs in German that have several different meanings depending on how they are used in a particular context. The presence of certain qualities in it (for example, transitivity / intransitivity) may also depend on the meaning that the verb conveys in a particular situation, and, accordingly, various auxiliary verbs will be selected to form temporary forms. For example:
