There are many ways to decorate the house, but in Lately decorative plasters are becoming more and more popular. They are very diverse, allow you to create walls and ceilings that are unique in appearance. different types give different effects, plus the application of decorative plaster can also be different. As a result - a huge number of variations for any interior in any style.
Decorative plaster - a marvelous interior decoration
Decorative plaster is used for finishing walls and ceilings in the room, facades of buildings. The basis can be various substances of both natural (gypsum, cement, marble dust) and artificial (acrylic, silicone, silicate) origin. It is called so because it forms an externally attractive surface with a different texture - from Venetian plaster smooth as marble to embossed stone or “under a fur coat”. The number of options is endless - applying decorative plaster is a creative process and it is unlikely to be repeated exactly. This is another plus of this type of finish.
By the type of surface formed, the following types of decorative plaster are distinguished:
It must be said right away that textured and plastic plasters are often difficult to separate, since different techniques can be used on the same composition. The photo below shows options for only one type of plaster - different techniques for applying decorative plaster make it possible to obtain surfaces that are very different in appearance.
Some decorative plasters are so plastic that they can be used to create a work of art. It turns out very beautiful and original panels.
A few touches...
By changing the application of decorative plaster, all these various reliefs are obtained - from simple to complex.
It is worth considering further dividing them by area of application. There are two large groups - for outdoor and indoor work. There are also universal compositions, but rarely. Almost all the compositions discussed above are for internal work. These are more interior solutions. Some of them are resistant to abrasion, some can be washed with detergents and even brushes, but they will not withstand harsh outdoor conditions.
Some types of textured plaster are suitable for outdoor use - bark beetle, for example. This type of finishing material just belongs to the universal. It can be seen on the facade, indoors. In apartments, these are usually corridors and, in offices and institutions, corridors or service rooms can be finished in this way.
Example of home decoration decorative plaster outside: stone plaster on the plinth, above - on the walls - bark beetle
Putties for outdoor use generally have a rougher structure, contain components that increase resistance to ultraviolet radiation and other climatic influences. In this category there are specific plasters - stone. They consist of fines natural stones in a binder solution. The application of this type of decorative plaster is simple with a spatula or a stainless grater. Other elements are rarely used. On facades and fences, the creation of reliefs is not best idea- dust will clog and spoil appearance and is not easy to wash out.
For different types of decorative plaster is required varying degrees surface preparation. But we can definitely say that it is necessary to remove everything that can fall off. The surface must be strong, dry and clean, must not crumble. Also a mandatory step is a primer. And not with any composition, but with a special one that creates a rough coating. It increases adhesion (adhesion).
Under all relief, you can not especially level the walls or ceiling. The composition is applied in a fairly decent layer - up to 1 cm, so it hides differences up to 8-9 mm. But, in order to reduce the consumption of an expensive composition, it is still recommended to remove large irregularities. The protrusions are cut off, the pits are covered with suitable plaster. The next step is to apply a primer. After drying, you can start applying decorative plaster.
Structural plaster is usually applied in two layers. The first - basic - is laid evenly and dried. The layer thickness is indicated by the manufacturer, usually set with some tolerance. This layer also serves as a leveling layer, but again, in order to reduce costs, it is better to pre-level the surface. The second layer is already applied a little thinner, and a relief begins to form on it.
But not all structural plasters are two-layer. On many, you can form a relief immediately after application, without a base layer. Usually the recommended layer in this case is somewhat thicker.
The compositions of this group require a perfectly flat surface. Not as smooth as for painting, but almost the same. Small differences are allowed - no more than 2-3 mm per square meter. standard - first, a layer of plaster (ordinary) is applied to the walls, a paint grid is embedded in it. After drying, a leveling layer is applied - to a perfectly even state. Next - a primer, and after the drying of this layer - the application of Venetian plaster.
It is impossible to talk about each method of applying decorative plaster - there are a lot of different details and nuances. The simplest case is with textured plasters. They are simply applied with a spatula. The whole difference is in the direction of movement of the spatula, in the depths of the beards that leave inclusions, and in color. But this is in the base version. No one bothers to experiment on these compositions. Another thing is that the structural effect of the same actions is more impressive - more plastic compositions.
Applying decorative plaster is possible with many tools and common household materials and fixtures made from them:
Different rollers - different surfaces
Decorative plaster is attractive because it allows you to create a unique pattern - you can use your own imagination. To make this drawing look harmonious, you need to know some general rules. At good producers in the description of each composition there are rules for working with it. It describes the procedure, methods of application, methods of forming decorative surfaces.
A simple way - rolling with a roller with a pattern formed on it
Large firms (manufacturers or shopping centers) conduct master classes, where everyone can try to work with a specific decorative plaster, which is also provided there, and not experiment “on the spot”. Therefore, before buying, be sure to read all the available material, watch the videos, which are also often available, and in large numbers - there are really a lot of working methods. Describing in words is difficult and often incomprehensible. Much easier to do everything in video format. We will try to briefly summarize the techniques.
Not all nuances finishing works can be clearly described in words. Previously, everything was passed from the master to the students with the help of an internship. Modern technologies make it possible to make the process more massive - video lessons and master classes give an idea of how to move, which is very difficult to describe in words. This section contains several interesting ideas for decorating walls with embossed plaster.
As you understand, applying decorative plaster is a creative matter. But without experience, it is difficult to imagine what results one or another of your actions will lead to. We look carefully, we try to copy the movements. First, it is advisable to practice on a piece of puttied drywall - to work out the technique. When the result suits you, you can start decorating the walls.
The only serious competitor for wallpaper in the field of wall decoration is decorative plaster. It should not be confused with ordinary material - it is intended as a wall leveler and the basis for fine work, while the decorative finish has a clear advantage - it is both a leveler and a topcoat in itself.
In essence, it is a loose mass, like ordinary plaster. But it includes additional ingredients, for example, natural stone chips or even fine wood fibers. Thanks to such inclusions, the material is ideal for finishing, as a properly plastered wall takes on a complete look. Regardless of the type and amount of ingredients, they are all held together by binder, which differs in different varieties of the mixture. Often, the decorative composition also contains a coloring matter, so the wall does not have to be additionally painted or wallpapered.
The main advantages of using the material are appreciated not only by consumers, but also by professional designers who are happy to use it to implement their ideas. Here are the main ones:
In a word, this is a real find for any owner of the premises who wants to restore exemplary order there.
There are several types of decorative finishes, but most often they are classified according to the type of binder and filler. It is better to communicate about the choice of binder composition directly with specialists or with a consultant in the store. We will consider the type of filler, in this case plasters no longer differ in properties, but in appearance.
As the name implies, textured plaster is distinguished by the fact that as a result it gives a very noticeable texture. Such material allows you to hide any flaws in the wall, since it is not even itself, while it is inexpensive, which led to its immense popularity. An additional bright plus is the ease of application, to this species works usually do not involve specialists.
Texture finishing is divided into several varieties:
Textured plaster shows its "character" immediately after application, therefore, to see what happens in the end, it is not necessary to wait until the process is complete.
The result of using this type of plaster is characterized by almost unpredictable heterogeneity. If the texture variant assumes some predictable pattern of a certain type, then in the case of structural material even a specialist will not say what the future finish will look like. Theoretically, the surface can even turn out to be visually even, but there will still be a certain relief.
Venetian plaster has become quite widespread, and differs from the options described above in that it gives an ideal flat surface unless, of course, the master knows his business. Its application requires significant professional skills and a significant investment of time, but the output is a wall that perfectly imitates a real marble surface.
An essential feature is the translucency of the material, due to which, in bright light, an internal glow effect is created.
Most often, decorative plasters of the three types described are used, but the range is not limited to them. If desired, you can find a few more specific varieties. this material, each of which imitates some desired but too expensive finish, for example, natural wood or silk. This also often includes a color mixture, which is initially produced in a wide palette of colors.
Photo gallery: wall and ceiling decor with plaster (28 photos)
Given the general simplicity of the planned work (unless we are talking about a “Venetian”), consumers often plan to do repairs themselves. In fact, the decision is very commendable, it’s just that in the process you need to adhere to several simple tips to help you avoid common mistakes.
The finished surface is water-resistant, so it can be washed without problems, the main thing is not to use caustic chemicals. sparing detergent in combination with a soft sponge or cloth is quite appropriate, but hard brushes and scrapers are not suitable, they will scratch the surface. You can additionally cover the wall with a thin layer of wax, but this is more likely to protect against moisture than from mechanical stress.
If it is time to completely change the interior, then the easiest way is to repaint the surface. Old plaster can be completely removed, but if you plan to wallpaper or another light finish, you just need to putty the wall right on top of the old repair.
Remember that all varieties are good in their own way, and choosing one of them is a matter of taste and financial capabilities of each.
Decorative plaster is a traditional finishing material that is used for interior and exterior work, due to the variety of textures and shades. The modern market is overflowing with offers from foreign and domestic manufacturers.
In order not to get lost among this variety and choose required composition to obtain the intended effect when finishing the surface of walls or ceilings, it is important to have an idea about the types of plaster and their features. What kind of decorative plaster to choose will help you understand this article.
Relatively recently, a mixture based on sand and cement was used exclusively for practical purposes, when it was necessary to qualitatively level the surface before fine decorative finishing. But modern technologies aimed at improving traditional construction and finishing materials, made it possible to expand the capabilities of plaster compositions and make them universal.
Decorative plasters of a new generation not only qualitatively level the surface, creating a durable monolithic coating, but also give the walls an expressive texture, the variety of which depends on the composition of the mixture and the application technique. To decide which decorative plaster to choose, it is necessary to consider their main types and qualities that they possess.
It is possible to classify decorative plaster compositions by the type of binder in their composition, the type of filler and the method of application.
The video in this article will tell you about what kind of decorative plaster is and how to apply it to create a unique interior.
The composition of this environmentally friendly material for finishing works includes only natural ingredients. Mineral plaster is universal, as it is suitable for outdoor and indoor use. Its main qualities are cost-effectiveness, ease of application and further operation, as well as an affordable price, thanks to inexpensive common components in its composition.
The presence of white and gray Portland cement or lime as a base in the composition of the mineral decorative mixture allows it to be used in any conditions, with the exception of conditions under which vibrations or natural shrinkage of buildings are inevitable.
Important! The low plasticity of mineral plaster does not allow it to be used as a finishing material for the walls of houses located in close proximity to busy highways, railway or tram tracks due to the fact that the integrity of the plaster layer is disturbed by vibration and cracks occur. The same thing happens when natural shrinkage newly built houses.
As a natural filler in mineral plaster, marble or granite chips are used. Mineral decorative plaster - which one to choose, you can understand by reading it positive qualities.Application of mineral plaster when finishing the basement of a building
Mineral plaster has many positive qualities, thanks to which it does not lose its popularity on construction market and can compete with many innovative finishing materials.
One of these qualities is that this plaster sets quickly. After 15 minutes, the composition begins to harden, and after 2 days the coating gains its strength.
The final stage of the repair of the premises is the decoration of the walls. One of the most popular finishing materials is called decorative plaster. Demand creates supply! Today, building materials stores offer a large selection of high-quality putty to the attention of buyers. So, what types of decorative wall plaster are in the range?
Depending on the variety of the main connecting element, decorative putty is classified into several subgroups.
The main binder is cement. Mineral plaster is produced in the form of dry mixes. To obtain a solution, it is necessary to mix the dry mixture with water (the appropriate proportions must be indicated on the factory packaging). Using a construction mixer or conventional drill with a special nozzle, the solution is mixed with a homogeneous consistency.
The key qualities are the hypoallergenicity of the material used, moisture resistance, strength, good air circulation and low cost. Unfortunately, after a certain period, cracks and chips may occur.
Acrylic resin (high molecular weight polymer) is the main component of this type of putty. Due to its elasticity and strength after application, it is in great demand among repair teams. One of the key features is that acrylic plaster is sold as a ready-to-use mix. Applied to different surface: concrete, aluminum, brick and wood. However, it was not without drawbacks. During operation, it was noted that the acrylic type putty is characterized by low vapor permeability, and also loses its properties and cracks under the influence of active UV rays.
Links elements liquid glass. It is implemented in finished form, which is very convenient to use. Due to the component composition unsafe for human health, it is used exclusively for decorating the appearance of building facades. It is difficult to work with silicate plaster, the mixture dries quickly.
Despite some shortcomings, it has the following positive qualities: no special care is required, it is easy to clean with plain water, a high degree of fire resistance, elasticity, resistance to UV rays, dust and various contaminants.
The basis of silicone putty is synthetic resin. A ready-made mixture of various colors is sold in specialized construction stores. It is very popular and is used as a material for exterior and interior decoration.
The mass is so easy to use, even a novice master can easily handle it. It has a good degree of elasticity and high level moisture resistance. The disadvantages include the cost of the product. Among all the above types of plaster for walls, this option is the most expensive.
Modern putty on a decorative basis may differ in the type of filler.
The basis of this material is dominated by mineral chips of marble and granite types, mica, small stones, wood and linen fibers. It is widely used for interior decoration, as well as for decorating brick, wood and concrete walls with outer side building. Key Features– elimination of various irregularities on surfaces.
Textured finishing options have a number of advantages: high moisture resistance and breathability, beautiful and stylish design. Texture imitation possible genuine leather, wood, natural stone and fabric. The price range is designed for a buyer with an average income level.
A thin-layer material with a non-uniform granular texture. The basis is a silicate or acrylic mixture. It is characterized by high impact resistance, moisture resistance, resistance to various kinds of mechanical stress and temperature extremes. Craftsmen consider it an excellent material for decorating corridors and bathrooms.
Also applicable for exterior facades, country houses, gazebos, fences and gates.
Homogeneous structure mixture with the addition of lime and marble chips was popular in Ancient Rome. At first glance at the wall, decorated with Venetian putty, one gets the impression that marble and onyx were used as the finishing material. For an ideal appearance, it is necessary to apply about 5-6 layers.
Each layer is applied in a thin layer. Venetian plaster requires special professionalism and experience, not every master is able to qualitatively finish the walls with this material.
In addition to the types of putties described above, there are many other types of plaster used for interior and exterior surfaces. Less popular, but no less practical and unique, are the following options:
Due to the special texture, excellent performance and great variety assortment, decorative plaster has won the sympathy of many designers.
Key benefits include:
An important step in preparing the walls for further finishing is the plastering of the walls. It is used during major or cosmetic repairs to level walls or as a top coat. Facade plaster creates a layer that protects them from negative impact precipitation, wind, ultraviolet. In addition, the coating provides an additional thermal insulation effect. This reduces the energy consumption for air conditioning in summer and for heating in winter. For this purpose, different types of plaster are used, differing in composition, characteristics, application features.
The classification of plasters is carried out according to several indicators. By location, they are facade and interior. The former are used to work on the street, and the latter - in the middle of the building. The facade is more exposed to mechanical stress, so the plaster must create a strong, stable, durable coating. There are more requirements for indoor materials decorative properties. Modern mixtures for plastering can often be used both inside and outside the house. The choice of material depends on the type of base, the desired effect. Different types plasters have general advantages:
Plastering walls is a labor-intensive process that requires high qualifications from the master. According to the functional features, plasters are ordinary, heat-insulating, acoustic, waterproofing, special, decorative. Let's figure out what features are inherent in each type, and how they affect the use of the material.
The main task of its use is to level the walls in preparation for further finishing (painting, laying tiles, panels, wallpapering). As a result, a monolithic layer is obtained that is resistant to mechanical stress and the influence of weather factors. According to the composition of the mixture, the following types of plaster are distinguished:
The advantages of conventional plaster are durability, versatility, cost-effectiveness. The disadvantages include the complexity of implementation, the need to withstand time to dry each layer.
It can be applied inside the house or on the outside of the walls. Its feature is the presence in the mixture of a binder component (cement, lime or gypsum) and various fillers. Due to the porous structure, fillers increase heat-insulating ability material. As fillers use:
Warm plaster is used as an additional thermal insulation layer. It can be applied with a layer of up to 50 mm, otherwise it will slide off the wall under its own weight. If it is necessary to achieve good thermal insulation, then plaster can be applied inside and outside the walls with a total thickness of up to 100 mm.
Virtues warm plaster are its fire (except for expanded polystyrene) and environmental safety, practicality and functionality. It fits perfectly on any base, creating with it single structure. The technology of applying the solution is practically no different from plastering with a conventional mixture.
To reduce the impact external factors on the atmosphere of the house, special compositions are used. They are indispensable for the complex configuration of walls, the impossibility of using other methods of sound insulation. Often it is used for finishing industrial buildings, concert halls. In an apartment or house, it will make living more comfortable, especially when decorating rooms with hard materials (marble, tiles).
A feature of the acoustic mixture is the presence of sound-absorbing additives in it. These include expanded clay, pumice, vermiculite, perlite, slag. It can be applied to any previously primed surface in several layers. The final layer is leveled with a trowel. The hardening of the solution should take place in warm, dry air. The coating must not be painted, so as not to impair its soundproofing properties. Therefore, it is tightened with a cloth or covered with bars. The advantages of this type are the absence of joints, the ability to choose any color, if damaged, it can be repaired.
For finishing rooms with high humidity - basements, bathrooms, balconies - plaster compositions with waterproofing properties are used. The mixture consists of a mineral binder (cement), filler, mineral and polymer additives. It is closed with water, mixed thoroughly.
The surface of the walls before application must be cleaned of dust, debris, grease. Apply the mixture at positive temperatures. During the curing process, the solution should not be subjected to freezing, drying or moistening. It must be protected from damage.
Often, for wall decoration, it is necessary to use mixtures that have unusual properties. These materials include. Its main component is barite concentrate. Such a solution is much cheaper than a lead screen, which is a reliable protection against electromagnetic radiation. The plaster is applied in a layer up to 50 mm. For better protection barite boards are used. The application of barite plaster is carried out at a time, since the surface should not have joints. The air temperature should not fall below 15 degrees.
Another variety is acid-resistant plaster. It is used in rooms exposed to aggressive chemical substances. The basis of the mixture is liquid potash glass with the addition of stone flour and quartzite. To protect the coating from destruction, a covering layer of cement-sand mortar is used, rubbing it with cement milk (iron).
To make the walls not only functional, but also beautiful, decorative plaster is used. The coating can be structural, textured and Venetian. The first two can be used outside and inside, and the Venetian can only be used inside the building. There are several types of mixtures that differ in the binder component:
The basis of mixtures of structural plaster are silicates or acrylic with the addition of granules of different sizes. Due to this, the coating acquires volume. With help various techniques Applications create various decorative elements on the surface. Apply to facades and internal works.
A feature of textured plaster is its high plasticity, which makes it possible to form any pattern on the coating, to create an imitation of natural materials. To do this, use a variety of rollers, spatulas, sponges. Vegetable fibers, small stones, stone chips are added to the mixture. Due to this, the coating hides minor imperfections of the walls, does not require their preliminary alignment.
It has a unique decorative effect. It perfectly imitates the marble surface, conveying its inherent brilliance and depth. This is achieved due to the unique composition, which includes marble flour and an astringent component (acrylic or lime). The solution is applied in a thin layer in several stages. This type is the most expensive and labor-intensive, but in terms of decorative properties it is difficult to find a finish that would look so luxurious and unusual. The final stage of application is waxing, which gives the coating a glossy sheen and protects it from damage.
The variety of species raises a logical question: which one is the best? However, it is impossible to give a definite answer. The choice of material depends on the specific conditions in which it will be used, the requirements for decorative properties.
Cost plays an important role general style houses or apartments. Luxurious "Venetian" is not always appropriate in a small room. But in a spacious hall or living room, she will be able to fully show all her beauty.
The key to the durability and quality of the coating is the observance of certain rules for preparing the walls and the technology for applying the solution. The first step is always the cleaning of the walls from the remnants of the old coating, dust, grease, their priming.
When working with a wooden base, a lime-gypsum mixture is used, applying it to a fixed shingle. To keep the plaster on concrete wall, first make a spray. To do this, prepare a liquid solution, which is sprayed onto the wall. It creates a rough surface that improves the adhesion of the base layer.
Conventional plaster most often consists of 3 layers: spray, primer and top coat. decorative trim may include many more layers (8-12). However, its thickness usually does not exceed 20 mm.
To prevent cracking of the coating, it is necessary to observe the temperature and humidity conditions. Work is recommended to be carried out at an air temperature of 15-25 degrees, so that the solution does not dry out too quickly. In extreme heat, the plastered wall needs to be moistened.
